CN114988916B - Composite technology of ceramic colored glaze - Google Patents

Abstract

A composite technology of ceramic colored glaze belongs to the technical field of ceramic colored glaze composite board preparation technology. The ceramic product and the colored glaze cannot be combined, or the colored glaze is excessively melted to cause the problems of pattern deformation and the like, and no production process capable of compounding a colored glaze layer on the ceramic surface is available at present. The method comprises the steps of tiling and filling the surface of a ceramic plate with colored glaze powder, heating and sintering, and cooling; wherein, the ceramic plate adopts a plain plate which is sprayed with cosmetic soil but is not glazed; the heating and sintering process comprises the following steps of heating from room temperature to 190-210 ℃ within 90-110 min; heating from 200 ℃ to 790-810 ℃ within 180-220 min; and heating from 800 ℃ to 1000-1200 ℃ within 90-110 min. The artistic building material of the ceramic colored glaze composite board is obtained, and the texture of the ceramic, the permeation and color of the colored glaze are obtained, the surface is smooth and bright, the color is bright and rich, and the ceramic colored glaze composite board is corrosion-resistant, sun-proof and rain-proof.

Description

A composite process of ceramic glaze

technical field

The invention discloses a composite technology of ceramic glaze, which belongs to the technical field of preparation technology of ceramic glaze composite boards.

Background technique

Both ceramics and colored glaze are common finished materials and architectural elements in the construction and decoration industries. Among the existing ceramic ornaments and ceramic works of art, the colored ceramic products that can deeply integrate the color into the ceramic body are limited to blue and white porcelain, colored glaze porcelain (Tang Sancai), etc., the number of optional colors is small, the color is single, and the combination of patterns Simple, other ceramic surface painting products are frivolous in color, have no three-dimensional effect, and the color on the surface of the green body is dull. If the color is too heavy, it may block the texture of the ceramic itself, and the grade will be lowered. In the prior art, pigment glaze is generally used to color the surface of ceramics. On the one hand, the surface smoothness of pigment glaze is not perfect, the light transmittance is low, and the texture of the ceramic base plate is not good. On the other hand, it is not Suitable for outdoor application, it is easy to fade or become darker after exposure to sun and rain.

Existing glazed products lack background color because of their high transparency, and the level changes are simple, but also because of their good transparency and transparent color, if they can be matched with ceramics, ceramics can not only obtain rich glazed colors, but also be able to Stable for outdoor large-scale murals or decorations, it has strong color stability, high artistic value and architectural value.

Although colored glaze and ceramics can complement each other to obtain high-grade ceramic glazed decorations with rich colors, bright colors, glossy color, three-dimensional sense, layering and strong transparency, in the prior art, both ceramic products and colored glaze are different due to the material The process is different. During the bonding process, ceramics and glass are prone to peeling off, or excessive melting of the glass will cause pattern deformation. At present, there is still no production process that can well composite the glass layer on the ceramic surface.

Patent CN108081848B discloses a method for making ceramic ornaments, which involves placing glazed glass above the ceramic body to form an ice cracking effect. The disclosed technology involves placing glazed glass above the ceramic, but it uses a small area on the ceramic surface The method of using glaze to fill part of the color blocks has low actual bonding force and completely relies on other parts of the color blocks to be bonded and fixed with the glaze. The firing process still cannot realize the large area of ceramic surface covered with glaze, otherwise it is easy to fall off and cannot be obtained. Planar ceramic glazed composite decoration material cannot obtain the ceramic plate material covered with glazed glass with various and rich surface colors. In particular, it is not possible to form an artistic picture composition with a large plane and various image outlines according to the design intention.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a ceramic glaze composite process that can combine large-area ceramics and glaze well, and can use glaze to form patterns on the ceramic surface.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a ceramic glaze composite process, which is characterized in that: sequentially comprising: dividing the surface of the ceramic plate into a plurality of color block areas, and laying the glaze powder in the color block area Filling, cooling after heating up and firing; wherein, the ceramic plate adopts an unglazed plain plate; the heating up firing includes the following stages:

1) The temperature is raised from room temperature to 190~210°C within 90~110min;

2) Heat up to 790~810°C within 180~220min;

3) Heat up to 1000℃~1200℃ within 90~110min.

Utilizing the above-mentioned heating process, it is possible to realize molding and compounding of colored glaze on the surface of the ceramic plain plate. Among them, due to the large gap in shrinkage during the bonding process of the ceramic substrate and the glaze on the surface, it is very easy to peel off the glaze and the ceramic plate during the heating or cooling process, and it is impossible to form a composite board. The method of rapid heating and finally stopping the heating at 1000~1200°C can effectively make up the shrinkage gap between glazed glass and ceramic plate: below 800°C, only the glazed glass is softened, while a longer time ensures that the ceramic plain plate can be fired quickly. After exceeding 800°C, it reaches near the melting temperature of colored glaze, and the temperature rises rapidly to accelerate the melting of colored glaze. At this time, the expansion of the ceramic plate reaches the limit, and the colored glaze and the ceramic plate simultaneously reach a similar volume change rate at 1000~1200°C. In combination, a shorter heating time can avoid deformation of the ceramic plate (warped edges, etc.) when the time is too long at high temperature, or excessive extension and flow of the glaze, compared with the excessive volume change of the ceramic plate, excessive shrinkage in the subsequent cooling stage, and ceramic The phenomenon that the board shrinkage does not match and peels off.

The surface of the final ceramic glazed composite panel is smooth, the glaze has strong permeability, has good gloss and three-dimensional effect, and reveals the ceramic texture of the ceramic panel itself. By replacing a variety of colored glazes, the surface of the ceramic panel can be given Rich colors to achieve artistic creation. At the same time, because the color depends on the color of the glass itself rather than floating colors such as glaze or pigment colors, the color is stable and can withstand the sun and rain without fading. It is corrosion-resistant and is especially suitable for outdoor creations. Using the above-mentioned specific process, various ordinary high-temperature-resistant and non-deformable ceramic plain plates and glazed powder materials can be used for creation. It does not need to be fired separately for fired ceramic plates and colored glaze, so it saves energy and lowers the cost.

Preferably, the ceramic plate is an all-ceramic plain plate, with a make-up soil layer on the surface, and the high temperature deformation temperature is greater than or equal to 1180°C.

The preferred ceramic plate is more suitable for fully combining with the glass at the above temperature, and the use of a ceramic plate with a lower high-temperature deformation temperature requires shortening the time of the heating and firing stage 3) to avoid prematurely reaching the deformation limit of the ceramic plate or Increase the degree of high-temperature deformation, but in fact, under the heating conditions of the above-mentioned ceramic glaze composite process, it is already possible to use a ceramic plate at 1100°C as a substrate to achieve a high yield. A ceramic plate at 1100°C (about 20 yuan per square meter) can reduce the cost by about 90% compared with 1200 ℃ ceramic plates (about 200 yuan per square meter). Make-up soil is a layer of paint on the ceramic plain plate, which can well cover up the light yellow color of the ceramic itself, making the surface of the ceramic plate appear brighter ceramic white, which is more conducive to highlighting the color of glaze, and the make-up soil itself has a certain expansion Shrinkage characteristics can also effectively make up the shrinkage gap between glazed and ceramic plates, which is equivalent to a buffer area to avoid peeling of glazed and ceramics.

Preferably, the regions divided into multiple color blocks are separated by lines drawn with powder. Use the asphalt powder to outline the area lines, and distinguish the colored glaze blocks to realize artistic creation. At the same time, the asphalt powder of different colors can be used to match the colored glaze of different colors to improve the artistic effect of the ceramic glazed composite board.

Preferably, the melting temperature of the glaze powder is 800-1150°C.

The preferred glazed powder is more suitable for the ceramic glazed composite process of the present invention, and can reach the closest expansion degree simultaneously with the ceramic plate plain plate at 1000 ° C ~ 1200 ° C, and can also ensure that a similar shrinkage rate is obtained during the cooling stage. Realize the firm combination of ceramics and glass.

Preferably, the particle size of the glass powder is 0.03-0.07mm.

If the glaze powder is laid too thick in the color block area, the surface glaze may be completely melted and extended, and the bottom glaze has not yet melted completely, resulting in uneven thickness and uneven surface. If it is too thin, "flying color" may appear , the color components in the glaze decompose at high temperature, and finally turn white or transparent. The preferred particle size of the glaze powder can ensure that the glaze is fully melted during the heating process, and at the same time avoid fading caused by excessive temperature, and the glaze powder If it is too large, it may not be able to fill the glass into the dead angle formed by the raised lines of the drain powder and the ceramic plate, and bubbles or coarse cracks may appear in the final formed glass layer.

Preferably, in the heating and firing stage 1) the temperature is kept for 8-12 minutes after the heating is completed.

Preferably, in the heating and firing stage 3) the temperature is kept for 1 to 12 minutes after the completion of the heating.

Preferably, said cooling adopts natural cooling without heat source in the furnace.

Preferably, the cooling is to lower the temperature to below 40° C. within 22 to 26 hours.

Further preferably, the cooling down is to drop the temperature to 30° C. within 24 hours.

The preferred cooling method has the effect of significantly improving the product yield, and can effectively reduce the probability of separation of glazed glass and ceramics. The cooling of ceramics with an area of more than one square meter generally adopts a special cooling process, and the temperature difference above 1000°C is cooled in at least three days to avoid glass bursting or ceramic fragmentation caused by too fast cooling. However, the present invention Utilizing the mutual support characteristics of ceramics and colored glaze, they are bonded to each other, which can avoid the above problems and greatly shorten the cooling time of colored glaze: on the one hand, it will not cause the colored glaze to burst, but also make the colored glaze appear dense on the ceramic plate. The hidden cracks of the glass just solve the peeling phenomenon caused by the difference in shrinkage rate; Higher-level artistic effects, breaking the traditional cooling method to obtain a variety of technical effects; moreover, under the cooling speed within the above time period, a dense oxide layer is rapidly formed on the glass surface, which can form the traditional "wrapped red", "wrapped "Yellow" and other color development principles, that is, the dense oxide layer on the surface can effectively wrap the color components inside the glass and protect the color, so that the final product color is more standard, avoiding "flying color" and whitening, the color quality is more stable and easy to control, and the final product is improved. The overall quality and yield of ceramic glaze.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the artistic building material of the ceramic glazed composite board is obtained, and at the same time, the texture of the ceramics is integrated with the transparency and color of the glazed glass, the surface is smooth and bright, and the colors are bright and rich. It is also resistant to corrosion, sunlight, and rain. It is especially suitable for architectural decoration such as outdoor murals or large-scale art works, and it is not easy to fade. The overall process is simple, with high recurrence rate and good product rate. Firing molding, low energy consumption, low raw material requirements, and low cost.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, and embodiment 1 is the best embodiment of the present invention.

In the following examples and comparative examples, the formula adopted by Liuli is as follows:

1. Red

Quartz powder 56, alkali powder 25, borax 4.8, feldspar 5.5, zinc oxide 7, cadmium red 1.3, selenium powder 0.4.

2. Blue

Quartz powder 66.7, alkali powder 17, borax 1.3, zinc oxide 0.7, calcium carbonate 8, sodium nitrate 4, potassium carbonate 0.2, potassium nitrate 1.7, clarifying agent 0.4.

3. Yellow

Quartz powder 60, alkali powder 21.4, borax 7.3, zinc oxide 6.9, potassium nitrate 3.4, selenium powder 0.4, cadmium yellow 1.

4. Green

Quartz powder 60, alkali powder 22.8, borax 2.4, zinc oxide 1.6, calcium carbonate 7.1, sodium nitrate 3.5, potassium nitrate 0.7, clarifying agent 0.4, chromium oxide 0.7.

5. White

Quartz powder 42, alkali powder 16.3, feldspar 26.8, sodium nitrate 1.2, clarifying agent 1.8, fluorite 2.7, sodium fluorosilicate 9.2.

6. Transparent

Quartz powder 64.3, alkali powder 29.7, feldspar 0.4, sodium nitrate 1.6, calcium carbonate 3.6, clarifying agent 0.4.

Example 1

A composite process of ceramic glaze, comprising the following steps:

1) After spraying water on the surface of the ceramic plate and wetting it, use drain powder to outline the lines and divide it into multiple color block areas. Spraying water and wetting is conducive to the combination and fixing of the drain powder and the ceramic plate; the ceramic plate is purchased from Gengci Company and fired without glaze The ceramic plain board has a heat distortion temperature of 1100°C, that is, it will not burst or warp when fired at 1100°C, and a layer of makeup clay has been applied on the surface. The makeup clay formula: 70 parts by weight of high white clay , 20 parts of zircon powder, 10 parts of feldspar, and the composition of the ceramic plain plate includes 20% feldspar, 30% quartz, 34% Datong soil, 5% Inner Mongolia soil, 3% Tangxian soil, and 8% cooked Datong by weight.

2) Fill the area of the color block with glazed powder, purchased from Zibo Zhenhua Glass Products Co., Ltd., with a particle size distribution of 0.03~0.07mm and a melting temperature of 800°C~1000°C.

3) Heating up and firing: The ceramic plate plain plate sprinkled with glass powder is put into the firing kiln and fired at a high temperature. The heating up firing includes the following stages:

1. It takes 100 minutes to heat up from room temperature to 200°C, and keep warm for 10 minutes;

2. It takes 200 minutes to heat up from 200°C to 800°C;

3. It takes 100 minutes to raise the temperature from 800°C to 1100°C, and keep it warm for 10 minutes.

4) Cooling down: turn off the heating of the firing kiln, lightly open the kiln door of the firing kiln in a room where the air is relatively still, leave a 1cm gap between the kiln door and the free end edge and the corresponding side door frame of the kiln entrance, and let it stand still; monitor the temperature in the kiln , by increasing or reducing the gap of the kiln door, the cooling rate can be properly controlled. The maximum cooling rate should not exceed 700°C in the first eight hours of cooling down, and the temperature should be reduced to 30~40°C within 24 hours.

Example 2

A composite process of ceramic glaze. On the basis of Example 1, the stage 3 of step 3) is set to take 90 minutes to raise the temperature from 800°C to 1200°C, and the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

Example 3

A composite process of ceramic glaze. On the basis of Example 1, the stage 3 of step 3) is set to take 110 minutes to raise the temperature from 800°C to 1000°C, and the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

Example 4

A composite process of ceramic glaze. On the basis of Example 1, the stage 2 of step 3) is set to take 180 minutes to raise the temperature from 200°C to 800°C, and the other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

Example 5

A composite process of ceramic glaze, on the basis of embodiment 1, no heat preservation is set in stages 1 and 3 of step 3), and other conditions are the same as in embodiment 1.

Example 6

A composite process of ceramic glaze. On the basis of Example 1, the cooling in step 4) adopts a cooling kiln, which is set to drop the temperature to 35°C within 72 hours, and drop the temperature to 700°C in the first 24 hours after the start of cooling. Other conditions are the same as those in the example 1 is the same.

Example 7

A composite process of ceramic glaze. On the basis of Example 1, there is no cosmetic soil layer on the surface of the ceramic plate in step 1), and other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

Comparative example 1

A composite process of ceramic glaze, on the basis of embodiment 1, the heating and firing of step 3) is set to the following stages:

1. It takes 300 minutes to raise the temperature from room temperature to 800°C, and keep it warm for 10 minutes;

2. It takes 100 minutes to raise the temperature from 800°C to 1100°C, and keep it warm for 10 minutes.

Other conditions are identical with embodiment 1.

Comparative example 2

A composite process of ceramic glaze, on the basis of embodiment 1, the heating and firing of step 3) is set to the following stages:

1. It takes 100 minutes to heat up from room temperature to 200°C, and keep warm for 10 minutes;

2. It takes 300 minutes to raise the temperature from 200°C to 1100°C, and keep it warm for 10 minutes.

Other conditions are identical with embodiment 1.

Comparative example 3

A composite process of ceramic glaze, on the basis of embodiment 1, the surface of the ceramic plate in step 1 is fired with a layer of glaze, and other conditions are the same as in embodiment 1.

Performance Testing

Performance tests were performed on the ceramic glazed composite panels obtained by the composite process of the above examples and comparative examples of ceramic glazed panels.

The above examples 1-7 and comparative examples 1-2 were repeated ten times respectively to obtain ten ceramic glazed composite boards, and the edge ceramic glazes were tightly combined without warping or deformation, no glazed bulging or uneven thickness, and tiled. Evenly, as a good product, calculate the good product rate, the test results are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Performance test results

.

In Comparative Example 3, during the composite process of preparing ceramic glaze, the glaze cannot be fired and combined with the ceramic plate coated with glaze at all. According to Table 1, compared with Examples 1 and 2, it can be proved that a specific three-stage heating curve is required to ensure good bonding of ceramic glaze and avoid cracking. On the ceramic glazed composite boards prepared in Examples 4, 5 and 6, obvious glaze crack lines can be seen, which are deeper and thicker, while the hidden crack lines in Examples 1 and 2 are shallow and hidden, and Examples 1 and 2 are closer to Artistic effect of traditional glass broken applique.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention to other forms. Any skilled person who is familiar with this profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or modify the equivalent of equivalent changes. Example. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A ceramic colored glaze composite process is characterized in that: the method sequentially comprises the following steps: dividing the surface of the ceramic plate into a plurality of color block areas, tiling and filling the color block areas with colored glaze powder, heating, sintering, cooling; wherein, the ceramic plate adopts unglazed plain plate; the heating firing comprises the following steps:

1) Heating from room temperature to 190-210 ℃ within 90-110 min;

2) Heating to 790-810 ℃ within 180-220 min;

3) Heating to 1000-1200 ℃ within 90-110 min;

the ceramic plate is an all-ceramic plate, a cosmetic soil layer is arranged on the surface of the ceramic plate, and the high-temperature deformation resistance temperature is higher than or equal to 1180 ℃; the particle size of the colored glaze powder is 0.03-0.07 mm; the temperature reduction and cooling are carried out to reduce the temperature to below 40 ℃ within 22-26 h.

2. The ceramic colored glaze composite process according to claim 1, wherein: the color block areas are divided into a plurality of color block areas, and the color block areas are divided into areas by adopting asphalt outlining lines.

3. The ceramic colored glaze composite process according to claim 1, wherein: the melting temperature of the colored glaze powder is 800-1150 ℃.

4. The ceramic colored glaze composite process according to claim 1, wherein: and the temperature rising and sintering stage 1) is performed for 8-12 min after the temperature rising is completed.

5. The ceramic colored glaze composite process according to claim 1, wherein: and the temperature rising and sintering stage 3) is performed for 1-12 min after the temperature rising is completed.

6. The ceramic colored glaze composite process according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature reduction and cooling adopts no heat source in the furnace to reduce the temperature.