CN114963218A - Flue gas waste heat recovery device and method coupled with carbon capture - Google Patents
Flue gas waste heat recovery device and method coupled with carbon capture Download PDFInfo
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/007—Energy recuperation; Heat pumps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/06—Flash distillation
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/1431—Pretreatment by other processes
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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Abstract
本发明提供的一种耦合碳捕集的烟气余热回收装置及方法，包括脱硫塔、闪蒸罐、吸收塔和解吸塔，其中，所述脱硫塔上设置的烟气出口连接吸收塔上设置的烟气入口；所述脱硫塔上设置的浆液出口连接闪蒸罐上设置的浆液入口；所述吸收塔上设置的富液出口连接解吸塔上设置的富液入口；所述解吸塔上设置的贫液出口连接吸收塔上设置的贫液入口；所述闪蒸罐上设置的浆液出口连接脱硫塔上设置的浆液入口；所述吸收塔上设置有烟气出口；本发明可有效降低MEA再生过程中对电厂蒸汽的消耗，从而降低再生能耗，且能够有效降低脱硫塔排出的烟气温度。
The invention provides a flue gas waste heat recovery device and method coupled with carbon capture, comprising a desulfurization tower, a flash tank, an absorption tower and a desorption tower, wherein the flue gas outlet provided on the desulfurization tower is connected to the absorption tower. The flue gas inlet set on the desulfurization tower is connected to the slurry inlet set on the flash tank; the rich liquid outlet set on the absorption tower is connected to the rich liquid inlet set on the desorption tower; The lean liquid outlet is connected to the lean liquid inlet set on the absorption tower; the slurry outlet set on the flash tank is connected to the slurry inlet set on the desulfurization tower; the absorption tower is set with a flue gas outlet; the invention can effectively reduce the MEA The consumption of steam in the power plant during the regeneration process reduces the energy consumption of the regeneration, and can effectively reduce the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the desulfurization tower.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于环境领域，具体涉及一种耦合碳捕集的烟气余热回收装置及方法。The invention belongs to the field of environment, and in particular relates to a flue gas waste heat recovery device and method coupled with carbon capture.
背景技术Background technique
气候变暖已引起全球范围的密切关注，CO2是大气中最主要的温室气体之一。作为二氧化碳排放的重点行业，电力行业中各火力发电厂的烟气尾气中含有大量的二氧化碳，在目前的工艺流程中直接排向大气。随着全国碳排放权交易市场的建立，碳排放量全面与企业的经济利益直接相关，捕集CO2的需求逐渐出现。Climate warming has attracted worldwide attention, and CO 2 is one of the most important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. As a key industry of carbon dioxide emission, the flue gas of various thermal power plants in the power industry contains a large amount of carbon dioxide, which is directly discharged to the atmosphere in the current process. With the establishment of the national carbon emission rights trading market, carbon emissions are directly related to the economic interests of enterprises, and the demand for CO2 capture has gradually emerged.
MEA单乙醇胺法是捕集CO2的常用方法，通过MEA的吸收与解吸实现再生循环，但再生过程需要利用高温热源，一般采用电厂汽轮机抽汽，导致技术整体能耗较高。同时，燃煤电厂湿法脱硫塔出口的烟气温度较高，高于MEA工艺对烟气温度的要求，CO2吸收率低。The MEA monoethanolamine method is a common method for capturing CO2. The regeneration cycle is realized through the absorption and desorption of MEA, but the regeneration process requires the use of a high-temperature heat source, generally using a power plant steam turbine to extract steam, resulting in high overall energy consumption of the technology. At the same time, the flue gas temperature at the outlet of the wet desulfurization tower of the coal-fired power plant is higher, which is higher than the requirement of the MEA process for the flue gas temperature, and the CO 2 absorption rate is low.
对热电联产机组而言，回收系统中的余热是在不扩大机组规模的情况下增加供热能力的最佳方式之一。目前电厂通常采用水喷淋的方法将烟气降至50～60℃后进行排放，未对其中的热量进行回收，造成了能量的浪费。For CHP units, recovering the waste heat in the system is one of the best ways to increase heating capacity without expanding the unit size. At present, power plants usually use the method of water spray to reduce the flue gas to 50-60 ℃ and then discharge it, but the heat in it is not recovered, resulting in a waste of energy.
CN 109454620 A公开了一种碳捕集与余热回收耦合装置，利用吸收塔和解吸塔实现对工业排出的高温烟气中CO2的捕集和储存，并进行一定的余热回收。但该方案中对烟气余热的利用比较粗糙，且吸收塔烟气温度较高，CO2吸收率低。CN 109454620 A discloses a coupling device for carbon capture and waste heat recovery, which utilizes absorption towers and desorption towers to capture and store CO2 in high-temperature flue gas discharged from industry, and perform certain waste heat recovery. However, the utilization of waste heat of flue gas in this scheme is relatively rough, and the flue gas temperature of the absorption tower is relatively high, and the CO 2 absorption rate is low.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种耦合碳捕集的烟气余热回收装置及方法，解决了现有技术虽然能达到一定的回收余热的目的，但是热量回收率较低，同时，现有技术中吸收塔入口烟气温度高，CO2吸收率低的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a flue gas waste heat recovery device and method coupled with carbon capture, which solves the problem that although the prior art can achieve a certain purpose of recovering waste heat, the heat recovery rate is relatively low. The tower inlet flue gas temperature is high, and the CO 2 absorption rate is low.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
本发明提供的一种耦合碳捕集的烟气余热回收装置，包括脱硫塔、闪蒸罐、吸收塔和解吸塔，其中，所述脱硫塔上设置的烟气出口连接吸收塔上设置的烟气入口；所述脱硫塔上设置的浆液出口连接闪蒸罐上设置的浆液入口；The invention provides a flue gas waste heat recovery device coupled with carbon capture, comprising a desulfurization tower, a flash tank, an absorption tower and a desorption tower, wherein the flue gas outlet set on the desulfurization tower is connected to the flue gas set on the absorption tower gas inlet; the slurry outlet set on the desulfurization tower is connected to the slurry inlet set on the flash tank;
所述吸收塔上设置的富液出口连接解吸塔上设置的富液入口；The rich liquid outlet set on the absorption tower is connected to the rich liquid inlet set on the desorption tower;
所述解吸塔上设置的贫液出口连接吸收塔上设置的贫液入口；The lean liquid outlet set on the desorption tower is connected to the lean liquid inlet set on the absorption tower;
所述闪蒸罐上设置的浆液出口连接脱硫塔上设置的浆液入口；The slurry outlet set on the flash tank is connected to the slurry inlet set on the desulfurization tower;
所述吸收塔上设置有烟气出口。The absorption tower is provided with a flue gas outlet.
优选地，所述吸收塔和解吸塔之间设置有换热单元。Preferably, a heat exchange unit is provided between the absorption tower and the desorption tower.
优选地，所述闪蒸罐上设置的蒸汽出口连接换热单元上设置的蒸汽入口。Preferably, the steam outlet provided on the flash tank is connected to the steam inlet provided on the heat exchange unit.
优选地，所述连接单元包括贫-富液换热器和吸收式热泵，其中，所述吸收塔上的富液出口依次经过贫-富液换热器和吸收式热泵连接解吸塔上的富液入口。Preferably, the connecting unit includes a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger and an absorption heat pump, wherein the rich liquid outlet on the absorption tower is connected to the rich liquid on the desorption tower through the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger and the absorption heat pump in sequence. liquid inlet.
优选地，所述连接单元还包括贫液冷却器，其中，所述解吸塔上的贫液出口依次经过贫-富液换热器和贫液冷却器连接吸收塔上的贫液入口。Preferably, the connecting unit further includes a lean liquid cooler, wherein the lean liquid outlet on the desorption tower is connected to the lean liquid inlet on the absorption tower through the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger and the lean liquid cooler in sequence.
优选地，所述吸收式热泵上设置有驱动蒸汽入口和第一冷凝水出口，所述第一冷凝水出口连接净水箱。Preferably, the absorption heat pump is provided with a driving steam inlet and a first condensed water outlet, and the first condensed water outlet is connected to a clean water tank.
优选地，所述吸收式热泵上设置有第二冷凝水出口。Preferably, the absorption heat pump is provided with a second condensed water outlet.
优选地，所述解吸塔上设置的二氧化碳出口连接有冷凝器上的气体入口；所述冷凝器上设置有气体出口和液体出口，所述液体出口连接解吸塔上设置的液体入口。Preferably, the carbon dioxide outlet provided on the desorption tower is connected to the gas inlet on the condenser; the condenser is provided with a gas outlet and a liquid outlet, and the liquid outlet is connected to the liquid inlet provided on the desorption tower.
一种耦合碳捕集的烟气余热回收方法，包括以下步骤：A method for recovering waste heat from flue gas coupled with carbon capture, comprising the following steps:
烟气进入脱硫塔与从塔顶喷淋的低温脱硫浆液进行换热并被净化，烟气降温增湿；The flue gas enters the desulfurization tower and exchanges heat with the low-temperature desulfurization slurry sprayed from the top of the tower and is purified, and the flue gas is cooled and humidified;
脱硫塔底部的高温脱硫浆液进入闪蒸罐产生闪蒸蒸汽和低温脱硫浆液，热量从脱硫浆液转移到闪蒸蒸汽中；The high temperature desulfurization slurry at the bottom of the desulfurization tower enters the flash tank to generate flash steam and low temperature desulfurization slurry, and the heat is transferred from the desulfurization slurry to the flash steam;
从脱硫塔中净化后的饱和湿烟气进入吸收塔与从塔顶喷淋的MEA贫液逆流接触，烟气中的CO被吸收，CO被吸收后的烟气从吸收塔塔顶排出；The saturated wet flue gas purified from the desulfurization tower enters the absorption tower and is in countercurrent contact with the MEA lean liquid sprayed from the top of the tower, the CO in the flue gas is absorbed, and the CO absorbed flue gas is discharged from the top of the absorption tower;
MEA富液从吸收塔塔底排出，进入解吸塔发生解吸；解吸后的MEA贫液进入吸收塔进行循环。The MEA rich liquid is discharged from the bottom of the absorption tower and enters the desorption tower for desorption; the desorbed MEA lean liquid enters the absorption tower for circulation.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明提供的一种耦合碳捕集的烟气余热回收装置及方法，通过脱硫浆液闪蒸，降低脱硫浆液温度，从而降低脱硫塔排出烟气温度至约40℃，达到MEA吸收CO2的最佳温度，提高吸收率；通过脱硫浆液闪蒸，实际是将烟气的热量进行回收，该部分热量经吸收式热泵提质后用于加热MEA富液，可有效降低MEA再生过程中对电厂蒸汽的消耗，从而降低再生能耗。The invention provides a flue gas waste heat recovery device and method coupled with carbon capture. Through the flashing of the desulfurization slurry, the temperature of the desulfurization slurry is reduced, thereby reducing the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the desulfurization tower to about 40°C, and reaching the maximum CO 2 absorption rate of the MEA. Optimum temperature to improve absorption rate; through flashing of desulfurization slurry, the heat of flue gas is actually recovered, and this part of heat is upgraded by absorption heat pump and used to heat MEA rich liquid, which can effectively reduce power plant steam in the process of MEA regeneration. consumption, thereby reducing regeneration energy consumption.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本发明提供的一种耦合碳捕集的烟气余热回收装置，包括脱硫塔1、闪蒸罐4、吸收塔2和解吸塔3，其中，所述脱硫塔1上设置的烟气出口连接吸收塔2上设置的烟气入口；所述脱硫塔1上设置的浆液出口连接闪蒸罐4上设置的浆液入口；A flue gas waste heat recovery device coupled with carbon capture provided by the present invention includes a desulfurization tower 1, a flash tank 4, an
所述吸收塔2上设置的富液出口连接解吸塔3上设置的富液入口；The rich liquid outlet set on the
所述解吸塔3上设置的贫液出口连接吸收塔2上设置的贫液入口；The lean liquid outlet set on the desorption tower 3 is connected to the lean liquid inlet set on the
所述闪蒸罐4上设置的浆液出口连接脱硫塔1上设置的浆液入口；The slurry outlet set on the flash tank 4 is connected to the slurry inlet set on the desulfurization tower 1;
所述吸收塔2上设置有烟气出口。The
本发明提供的一种耦合碳捕集的烟气余热回收方法，包括以下步骤：A method for recovering waste heat from flue gas coupled with carbon capture provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:
烟气9进入脱硫塔1与从塔顶喷淋的低温脱硫浆液12进行换热并被净化，烟气降温增湿；The
脱硫塔1底部的高温脱硫浆液10进入闪蒸罐4产生闪蒸蒸汽13和低温脱硫浆液12，热量从脱硫浆液转移到闪蒸蒸汽中；The high temperature desulfurization slurry 10 at the bottom of the desulfurization tower 1 enters the flash tank 4 to generate
从脱硫塔1中净化后的饱和湿烟气11进入吸收塔2与从塔顶喷淋的MEA贫液逆流接触，烟气中的CO2被吸收，CO2被吸收后的烟气18从吸收塔塔顶排出；The saturated
MEA富液17从吸收塔2塔底排出，进入解吸塔3发生解吸；解吸后的MEA贫液20进入吸收塔2进行循环。The MEA
如图1所示，本发明提供的一种耦合碳捕集的烟气余热回收装置，包括脱硫塔1、吸收塔2、解吸塔3、闪蒸罐4、吸收式热泵5、贫-富液换热器6、贫液冷却器7、冷凝器8、烟气9、高温脱硫浆液10、饱和湿烟气11、低温脱硫浆液12、闪蒸蒸汽13、冷凝水14、驱动蒸汽15、冷凝水16、MEA富液17、烟气18、高温富液19、MEA贫液20、富CO2气体21和高纯CO222，其中，所述脱硫塔1上开设有烟气入口和烟气出口，所述烟气出口吸收塔2上开设的烟气入口；所述脱硫塔1上开设的浆液出口连接闪蒸罐4上开设的浆液入口；所述闪蒸罐4上开设的浆液出口连接脱硫塔1上开设的浆液入口。As shown in FIG. 1 , a flue gas waste heat recovery device coupled with carbon capture provided by the present invention includes a desulfurization tower 1, an
所述闪蒸罐4上开设的蒸汽出口连接吸收式热泵5上的蒸汽入口。The steam outlet opened on the flash tank 4 is connected to the steam inlet of the
所述吸收式热泵5上设置有驱动蒸汽入口和第一冷凝水出口，所述第一冷凝水出口连接净水箱。The
所述吸收式热泵5上设置有第二冷凝水出口。The
所述吸收塔2上设置的MEA富液出口依次经过贫-富液换热器6和吸收式热泵5连接解吸塔3上的MEA富液入口。The MEA rich liquid outlet set on the
所述解吸塔3上的MEA贫液出口依次经过贫-富液换热器6和贫液冷却器7连接吸收塔2上设置的MEA贫液入口。The MEA lean liquid outlet on the desorption tower 3 is connected to the MEA lean liquid inlet set on the
所述吸收塔2上开设有烟气出口。The
所述解吸塔3上设置的二氧化碳出口连接有冷凝器8上设置的气体入口。The carbon dioxide outlet provided on the desorption tower 3 is connected to the gas inlet provided on the
所述冷凝器8上设置的液体出口连接解吸塔3上设置有液体入口。The liquid outlet provided on the
所述冷凝器8上设置有气体出口。The
本发明的工作原理：The working principle of the present invention:
烟气9进入脱硫塔1与从塔顶喷淋的低温脱硫浆液12换热并被净化，烟气降温增湿。脱硫塔底的高温脱硫浆液10进入闪蒸罐4，在真空环境下发生闪蒸，产生闪蒸蒸汽13和低温脱硫浆液12，热量从脱硫浆液转移到闪蒸蒸汽中。The
闪蒸蒸汽13进入吸收式热泵5，利用驱动蒸汽15进行提质，并加热MEA富液。The
驱动蒸汽在热泵内冷凝后成冷凝水16返回净水箱，闪蒸蒸汽13冷凝后为冷凝水14用作脱硫补水。The driving steam is condensed in the heat pump and returned to the clean water tank as
净化后的饱和湿烟气11进入吸收塔2与从塔顶喷淋的MEA贫液逆流接触，烟气中的CO2被吸收，CO2被吸收后的烟气18从吸收塔塔顶排出。The purified saturated
MEA富液17从吸收塔塔底排出，经贫-富液换热器6升温后进入热泵5进一步升温成高温富液19后进入解吸塔3发生解吸。The MEA rich liquid 17 is discharged from the bottom of the absorption tower, heated by the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 6, and then enters the
解吸后的MEA贫液20经贫-富液换热器和贫液冷却器7降温后进入吸收塔循环。解吸出的富CO2气体21从塔顶排出进入冷凝器进行气液分离，并进一步压缩得到高纯CO222。The desorbed MEA
本发明通过脱硫浆液闪蒸，降低脱硫浆液温度，从而降低脱硫塔排出烟气温度至约40℃，达到MEA吸收CO2的最佳温度，提高吸收率。通过脱硫浆液闪蒸，实际是将烟气的热量进行回收，该部分热量经吸收式热泵提质后用于加热MEA富液，可有效降低MEA再生过程中对电厂蒸汽的消耗，从而降低再生能耗。The present invention reduces the temperature of the desulfurization slurry by flashing the desulfurization slurry, thereby reducing the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the desulfurization tower to about 40°C, reaching the optimum temperature for MEA to absorb CO2, and improving the absorption rate. By flashing the desulfurization slurry, the heat of the flue gas is actually recovered. This part of the heat is upgraded by the absorption heat pump and used to heat the MEA rich liquid, which can effectively reduce the consumption of power plant steam during the MEA regeneration process, thereby reducing the regeneration energy. consumption.
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