CN114745922A - Self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation cooling system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation and radiation heat dissipation system and a method. When power is adjusted, the rocker arm is controlled to enable the solar photovoltaic panel with the thermal insulation coating on the lower surface to rotate, the lower surface is enabled to cover the surface of the fin, heat dissipation of the fin is blocked, stepless adjustment of heat dissipation power is achieved by adjusting the rotating angle, and therefore heat dissipation requirements of the space nuclear power system under different conditions are met. If the working medium of the heat pipe is cooled and frozen, the plate-type infrared heater automatically uses the stored electric energy to heat the heat pipe, so that the radiation heat dissipation system is quickly started. If the power supply of the space nuclear power system is limited or a power supply line fails, the whole heat dissipation system utilizes the electric energy generated by the solar power generation device to realize the anti-freezing and power regulation functions of the heat dissipation system and the energy self-circulation of the whole heat dissipation system, so that the safety stability and the energy utilization rate of the nuclear power system are improved.

Description

Self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation cooling system and method

technical field

The invention relates to a self-circulation anti-freezing stepless regulation solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system, which belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of energy.

Background technique

Since modern times, with the rapid development of human science and technology, human beings have carried out the exploration of outer space. During the exploration process, the low power, low speed propulsion method and the limitation of the weight of the spacecraft and fuel make the interstellar exploration progress slowly. Energy sources such as chemical fuels and solar energy are limited in space flight due to their limitations. The space propulsion system based on nuclear energy has become the development trend of the current space system. Nuclear energy has a very high energy density, which can greatly reduce the mass of the aircraft and provide energy for long-term flight. In the space nuclear power system, the thermal energy generated by the nuclear reactor is used for power generation, the electrical energy generated by the generator is used for the daily use and electric propulsion of the spacecraft, and the waste heat after power generation is discharged through the radiation radiator or used in other places where it is needed. The radiation cooling system accounts for Therefore, it is very important to study the radiation cooling system.

Heat conduction and heat convection cannot occur in a vacuum environment. Since heat radiation is mainly propagated by visible light and infrared rays with longer wavelengths, and electromagnetic waves do not need any medium, heat radiation is the only heat transfer method in a vacuum. Heat pipe type radiant radiator is currently the most commonly used space radiator in the world. It is widely used because of its high efficiency and excellent safety. During operation, when one end of the heat pipe is heated, the internal working fluid absorbs heat and vaporizes. Driven by a small pressure difference, the steam flows to the other end and condenses to release heat. The condensate flows back to the evaporation section under the action of capillary force, centrifugal force, electromagnetic force, etc., and is heated and vaporized again. The heat is transferred to the fins, and the fins discharge the heat to space in the form of thermal radiation, thus forming the working cycle of the heat pipe. Since the space station will be dormant or the astronauts will go out to work, the power of the nuclear power system will be reduced at this time. When the power of the nuclear power system is less than the heat dissipation power of the radiation radiator, the working fluid in the heat pipe has the risk of cooling. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the power of the nuclear power system. The heat dissipation power of the radiant heat dissipation system matches the power of the nuclear power system with the heat dissipation power of the radiant radiator. If the working fluid in the heat pipe is cooled, it will affect the normal operation of the radiant heat dissipation system. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the working fluid in the heat pipe from freezing, and take heating measures if necessary.

In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a self-circulating anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation cooling system and method. The heat pipe radiation cooling device performs stepless adjustment of the cooling power to meet the working requirements of the space station under different conditions, and an anti-freezing device is added. When the power supply of the space nuclear power system is limited or the power supply line fails, the entire system utilizes the electric energy generated by the solar power generation device to realize the anti-freezing and power adjustment functions of the cooling system, as well as the energy self-circulation of the entire system, thereby improving the safety and stability of the nuclear power system. and energy efficiency.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Purpose of invention:

In view of the deficiencies in the current radiation cooling system, the present invention proposes a self-circulating anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation cooling system. The heat pipe radiation cooling device can steplessly adjust the cooling power to meet the working requirements of the space station under different conditions. Freezing device, if the power supply of the space nuclear power system is limited or the power supply line fails, the entire system uses the electric energy generated by the solar power generation device to realize the anti-freezing and power adjustment functions of the cooling system, as well as the energy self-circulation of the entire system, thereby improving the nuclear power system. security, stability and energy efficiency.

Technical solutions:

A self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation cooling system includes a radiation cooling device, a solar photovoltaic panel power generation device and an anti-freezing device; the radiation cooling device includes a heat pipe and a fin; the solar photovoltaic panel power generation device includes a main solar photovoltaic a plate and a main power storage device; the anti-freezing device includes a temperature control switch arranged in the heat pipe, and a heater for heating the heat pipe; the main power storage device, the temperature control switch and the heater are composed of Ⅲ circuit loop; when the temperature of the working fluid in the heat pipe is higher than the disconnection temperature of the temperature control switch, the circuit III circuit is disconnected, and when the temperature of the working fluid is lower than the disconnection temperature of the temperature control switch, the circuit III The loop is closed and turned on, and the heater heats the heat pipe.

Further, it also includes a first motor; a surface of the main solar photovoltaic panel is coated with a thermal insulation coating, and the first motor can control the main solar photovoltaic panel to turn over, so that the thermal insulation coating partially or completely covers the fins ; The first motor and the main power storage device form an I circuit loop.

Further, it also includes a backup solar photovoltaic panel and a second motor; one surface of the backup solar photovoltaic panel is coated with a thermal insulation coating, and the second motor can control the backup solar photovoltaic panel to turn over, so that the thermal insulation coating is partially or completely covered. on the fins; the second motor and the main power storage device form a II circuit loop.

Further, the heater is a plate-type infrared heater composed of a resistance plate, and the reflection coefficient of the coating on the front side of the resistance plate close to the heat pipe is greater than that of the coating on the reverse side.

Further, the main solar photovoltaic panel and the backup solar photovoltaic panel are respectively connected to the heat pipe through adiabatic columns.

Further, the temperature control switch is a bimetallic sheet.

Further, it also includes a first rocker arm, the first rocker arm is connected with the first motor, and the first motor drives the first rocker arm to rotate, so as to control the turning of the main solar photovoltaic panel.

Further, it also includes a second rocker arm, the second rocker arm is connected with a second motor, and the second motor drives the second rocker arm to rotate, so as to control the turning of the standby solar photovoltaic panel.

The working principle of the rocker arm is similar to that of the steering gear, that is, the receiver sends a signal to the motor, and the coreless motor is driven by the IC on the circuit board to start to rotate, and the power is transmitted to the rocker arm through the reduction gear, and is sent back by the position detector at the same time. signal to determine whether the positioning has been reached.

Further, the working medium in the heat pipe is an alkali metal.

The radiation heat dissipation method based on the above system includes the following steps: when the heat dissipation power is at full load, the circuit I circuit and the circuit II circuit are disconnected, the main solar photovoltaic panel and the backup solar photovoltaic panel are not in contact with the fins, and the working medium in the heat pipe transfers heat. To fins, the fins discharge heat into space in the form of thermal radiation;

When the heat dissipation power is adjusted, the current goes out from the positive pole of the main power storage device, the control circuit I circuit and the circuit II switch are closed, the current flows through the first motor and the second motor, and then returns to the negative pole of the main power storage device. The loop and the II circuit loop are connected, and the first rocker arm and the second rocker arm are controlled by the motor to make the main solar photovoltaic panel and the backup solar photovoltaic panel rotate. By adjusting the rotation angle, the stepless adjustment of the heat dissipation power is realized. The lower surface containing the thermal insulation coating will cover the surface of the fin, and the heat dissipation of the fin will be hindered.

The switches of the I circuit and the II circuit are integrated in the nuclear power system of the space station. When the power needs to be adjusted, the action of the switch is manually controlled.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The present invention realizes the stepless power regulation function of the radiation heat dissipation system, and satisfies the heat dissipation requirements of the space nuclear power system under different working conditions.

(2) The present invention adds an anti-freezing function to the radiation cooling system. If the working fluid of the heat pipe is cooled and frozen, the plate-type infrared heater will automatically use the stored electric energy to heat the heat pipe, so that the radiation cooling system can be started quickly and ensure the space nuclear power System security and stability.

(3) The present invention realizes the energy self-circulation of the radiation cooling system. If the power supply of the space nuclear power system is limited or the power supply line fails, the entire system utilizes the electric energy generated by the solar power generation device to realize the anti-freezing and power adjustment functions of the cooling system.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system under a full-load heat dissipation power mode of the present invention;

Among them: 1-heat pipe, 2-bimetal sheet, 3-first switch, 4-first adiabatic column, 5-first rocker arm, 6-second switch, 7-first motor, 8-main power storage device , 9- first transmission line, 10- main solar photovoltaic panel with thermal insulation coating on the lower surface, 11- fins with high emissivity coating, 12- standby solar photovoltaic panel with thermal insulation coating on the lower surface , 13-Second transmission line, 14-Backup power storage device, 15-Second motor, 16-Second rocker arm, 17-Second insulation column, 18-Third insulation column, 19-Fourth insulation column, 20 - Plate type infrared heater.

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system under the load heat dissipation power mode of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of the self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system in the low-load heat dissipation power mode of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation cooling system (as shown in Figure 1), including the following devices, 1-heat pipe, 2-bimetal sheet, 3-first switch, 4-first adiabatic column, 5-first rocker arm, 6- The second switch, 7- The first motor, 8- The main power storage device, 9- The first power transmission line, 10- The main solar photovoltaic panel with a thermal insulation coating on the lower surface, 11- The high emissivity coating fins, 12-backup solar photovoltaic panels with thermal insulation coating on the lower surface, 13-second transmission line, 14-backup storage device, 15-second motor, 16-second rocker arm, 17-second Insulation column, 18-third insulation column, 19-fourth insulation column, 20-plate infrared heater.

A solar power generation device includes a main solar photovoltaic panel 10 , a backup solar photovoltaic panel 12 , a main power storage device 8 and a backup power storage device 14 . The solar photovoltaic panel converts the absorbed solar energy into electrical energy and stores it in the main power storage device 8. The main power storage device 8 is used as the main power supply, and the backup power storage device 14 is used as a backup power supply. Three parallel circuits, I, II, and III, are connected. The circuit includes a main power storage device 8 , a backup power storage device 14 , a first switch 6 and a first motor 7 . Circuit II includes a main power storage device 8 , a backup power storage device 14 , a second switch 3 and a second electric machine 15 . Circuit III includes a main power storage device 8 , a backup power storage device 14 , a bimetal 2 and a plate-type infrared heater 20 .

An anti-freezing device includes a plate-type infrared heater 20 and a bimetal 2 . The plate-type infrared heater 20 is connected to the heat pipe through the fourth heat insulating column 19 and the third heat insulating column 18 , and the heat pipe 1 is provided with a bimetallic sheet 2 . The circuit III is connected with the plate-type infrared heater 20 and the bimetal 2 . A bimetal sheet 2 is placed in the heat pipe 1. When the temperature of the working fluid in the heat pipe 1 is higher than the expansion temperature of the bimetal sheet 2, the contact position of the bimetal sheet 2 is deformed and disconnected, and the III circuit is disconnected. When the expansion temperature of the bimetal sheet 2 is reached, the contact point of the bimetal sheet 2 is restored to its original shape and closed, the circuit III is closed, the circuit is connected, and the plate-type infrared heater 20 heats the heat pipe.

The workflow of the self-circulating anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation cooling system includes the following processes:

Step 1: When the heat dissipation power is working at full load, the first switch 3 and the second switch 6 in the I and II circuits are disconnected, and the main solar photovoltaic panel 10 with a thermal insulation coating on the lower surface and the standby solar photovoltaic panel with a thermal insulation coating on the lower surface are turned off. The solar photovoltaic panel 12 is in the default position (as shown in FIG. 1 , the angle of the solar panel is 0 degrees), the heat pipe 1 contains an alkali metal working medium, and the heat pipe is inserted with fins 11 coated with a high emissivity coating. The alkali metal working medium transfers heat to the fins 11, and the fins 11 discharge the heat into space in the form of thermal radiation, which is a high-power heat dissipation mode at this time.

Step 2: When adjusting the heat dissipation power, the first switch 3 and the second switch 6 of the I and II loops are closed, the current flows from the positive pole of the second power storage device 14, the current flows through the first motor 7 and the second motor 15, and then returns to To the negative pole of the second power storage device 14, at this time, the I and II circuits are connected, and the first motor 7 and the second motor 15 control the first rocker arm 5 and the second rocker arm 16 to make the lower surface of the main solar energy When the photovoltaic panel 10 and the standby solar photovoltaic panel 12 coated with a thermal insulation coating on the lower surface rotate, the lower surface with the thermal insulation coating will cover the surface of the fins 11, and the heat dissipation of the fins is hindered. By adjusting the rotation angle, the heat dissipation power is controlled.

The invention discloses a self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system and method, which belong to the field of comprehensive utilization of energy. The radiation cooling system consists of three devices: heat pipe radiation cooling, solar photovoltaic panel power generation and anti-freezing. When the heat pipe radiation cooling device is running, the waste heat generated by the nuclear power system after power generation is directed to space through radiation heat dissipation. When the power is adjusted, the motor controls the rocker arm to rotate the solar photovoltaic panel with the thermal insulation coating on the lower surface. The rotation angle can realize the stepless adjustment of the heat dissipation power. When the lower surface of the solar photovoltaic panel with the thermal insulation coating will cover the surface of the fins, the heat dissipation of the fins will be blocked, so as to meet the heat dissipation requirements of the space nuclear power system under different conditions. The system is equipped with an anti-freezing device. If the working fluid of the heat pipe is cooled and frozen, the plate-type infrared heater will automatically use the stored electric energy to heat the heat pipe, so that the radiation cooling system can be started quickly. If the power supply of the space nuclear power system is limited or the power supply line fails, the entire system uses the electric energy generated by the solar power generation device to realize the anti-freezing and power regulation functions of the cooling system, as well as the energy self-circulation of the entire system, thereby improving the safety and stability of the nuclear power system. performance and energy efficiency.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements can be made, and these improvements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. .

Claims (10)

1. A self-circulating anti-freezing solar power generation collaborative radiation cooling system, comprising a radiation cooling device, a solar photovoltaic panel power generation device and an anti-freezing device; the radiation cooling device includes a heat pipe and a fin; the solar photovoltaic panel power generation device includes a main A solar photovoltaic panel and a main power storage device; characterized in that the anti-freezing device includes a temperature control switch arranged in the heat pipe, and a heater for heating the heat pipe; the main power storage device, the temperature The control switch and the heater form a III circuit loop; when the temperature of the working fluid in the heat pipe is higher than the disconnection temperature of the temperature control switch, the III circuit loop is disconnected, and when the temperature of the working fluid is lower than the disconnection temperature of the temperature control switch When the third circuit is closed and turned on, the heater heats the heat pipe. 2. A self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system according to claim 1, further comprising a first motor; a surface of the main solar photovoltaic panel is coated with a heat insulating coating, and the first motor is A motor can control the turning of the main solar photovoltaic panel, so that the heat insulating coating partially or completely covers the fins; the first motor and the main power storage device form an I circuit loop. 3. A self-circulating anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system according to claim 1, further comprising a backup solar photovoltaic panel and a second motor; a surface of the backup solar photovoltaic panel is coated with a thermal insulation coating layer, the second motor can control the reverse of the standby solar photovoltaic panel, so that the heat-insulating coating partially or completely covers the fins; the second motor and the main power storage device form a II circuit loop. 4. A self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system according to claim 1, wherein the heater is a plate-type infrared heater, consisting of a resistance plate, and the front of the resistance plate close to the heat pipe is coated The reflection coefficient of the layer is greater than the coated reflection coefficient of the reverse coating. 5 . The self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system according to claim 3 , wherein the main solar photovoltaic panel and the backup solar photovoltaic panel are respectively connected to the heat pipe through adiabatic columns. 6 . 6 . The self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature control switch is a bimetallic sheet. 7 . 7 . The self-circulating anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system according to claim 2 , further comprising a first rocker arm, the first rocker arm is connected with a first motor, and the first motor drives the first rocker arm. 8 . A rocker arm rotates to control the flip of the main solar photovoltaic panel. 8 . The self-circulation anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system according to claim 3 , further comprising a second rocker arm, the second rocker arm is connected to a second motor, and the second motor drives the first rocker arm. 9 . Two rocker arms rotate to control the flipping of the backup solar photovoltaic panels. 9 . The self-circulating anti-freezing solar power generation synergistic radiation heat dissipation system according to claim 1 , wherein the working medium in the heat pipe is an alkali metal. 10 . 10. The radiation heat dissipation method based on any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: when the heat dissipation power is at full load, the circuit I circuit and the circuit circuit II are disconnected, the main solar photovoltaic panel and the backup solar photovoltaic The plate is not in contact with the fins, the working medium in the heat pipe transfers the heat to the fins, and the fins discharge the heat into space in the form of thermal radiation; When the heat dissipation power is adjusted, the current goes out from the positive pole of the main power storage device, the control circuit I circuit and the circuit II switch are closed, the current flows through the first motor and the second motor, and then returns to the negative pole of the main power storage device. The loop and the II circuit loop are connected, and the first rocker arm and the second rocker arm are controlled by the motor to make the main solar photovoltaic panel and the backup solar photovoltaic panel rotate. By adjusting the rotation angle, the stepless adjustment of the heat dissipation power is realized. The lower surface containing the thermal insulation coating will cover the surface of the fin, and the heat dissipation of the fin will be hindered.

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