CN1147410C - 可半浸没的重货运输船 - Google Patents
可半浸没的重货运输船Info
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可半浸没的重货运输船,其具有可注水和排空的底舱及翼舱,以便按浮上/浮下和/或滚上/滚下方法装卸货物,它还具有一些柴油机作为主机,以及为改善机动性在船体前部设置有一台横向推力器,其中该运输船的平衡位置通过相对于货物将水引入上压载水舱和下压载水舱中可得到调整,按照本发明,这些柴油机是一个柴油机电力推进设备的组成部分,其中,该柴油机电力推进设备设置在船体前部,并给至少一个设置在船尾下方的电动的方位-可转导管螺旋桨提供能量,其中,装载面被设计成用于装载笨重庞大货物的平坦的运输平台,以及在船体即便因出现大风下沉时,所述方位-可转导管螺旋桨和所述横向推力器可一起用于精确调节该运输船的位置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可半浸没的重货运输船,这种运输船主要用于运输大型和重型杂货,其突出优点在于承载能力超过10000吨。装运货物在传统运输船上用起重机来装卸,待运输货物的尺寸由此受到限制,与传统运输船不同的是,可半浸没的重货运输船特别适合运输笨重,庞大的货物,例如整个钻井平台,港口起重装置或中型至大型的水上交通工具或其零部件等等。基于这一目的,可半浸没的重货运输船通常由一前半部和一后半部组成。在前半部中有驱动设备,驾驶舱以及船员舱室,而后半部则设计成具有空壁压载水舱的浮体,该浮体还带有一个平坦的运输平台。
背景技术
通过往压载水舱内注水,可半浸没的重货运输船下沉浸水,使得所述运输平台下降到低于静浮水线,以便将可漂浮的或装载在一个浮箱上的货物装上或卸下。与之相反,通过排空压载水舱内的水,则可将运输平台抬起到待运输货物下方,以便使这些货物进坞。除了这种浮上/浮下方法之外,也可以利用所谓的滚上/滚下方法来装卸货物,在后一种方法中,可半浸没的重货运输船的运输平台可抬高到或下降到码头的高度上。
为运输船配备一船用电动驱动装置也已公知。在柴油机电力推进设备中,推进电机通常由发电机供电,而发电机则由柴油机和/或燃气轮机来驱动。一个柴油机电力推进设备与柴油机直接与船用螺旋桨耦合传动相比较,虽然要求有更高的投资,但具有使用效率更高的优点,并且即便在很高的负载情况下也能将高转矩传递给螺旋桨轴。此外,当螺旋桨例如在海面波涛起伏的情况下从水面露出时,对于柴油机电力推力设备也不存在对发动机控制不足的危险。
在传统的柴油机电力推进设备中,所有的电力推进部件都安装在内舱,发动机,传动机构和驱动轴大致沿直线对准。其中令人不满意的是会出现高的机械和水动力损失,与将螺旋桨设置在船下方这一情况相比,它的机动性还受到一定限制。此外,不经济的较高燃油消耗以及在甲板下需要较大的空间也是不利之处。
在由W.Timm等人发表在德国的一名称为“Hansa-Schiffahrt-Schiffbau-Hafen”的期刊的第116年度(1979年)第22期第1733-1737页上的论文“Container-und Dockschiff(CONDOCK I)”中描述了一种所谓的浮船坞,在其船尾具有一个驱动装置。该浮船坞具有一个很大的、几乎在船的整个长度和宽度上延伸的、可进水的和向上敞开的货舱。从该论文的附图中可看出该浮船坞的电驱动装置设置在船尾部分并且这种浮船坞具有高的船舷。这样一种船舶为了能被卸载,要么必须锚泊在一个突堤上,要么必须抛锚停泊。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于创造一种具有高燃料效率的可半浸没的重货运输船,其突出优点在于良好的机动性以及具有迄今为止对所有尺寸的船舶来说都未达到的大面积装载面,并尤其能够在大海上卸货,同时又不必靠泊在某个固定点上。
上述技术问题按照本发明通过这样一种可半浸没的重货运输船来解决,该重货运输船具有可注水和排空的底舱及翼舱,以便按浮上/浮下和/或滚上/滚下方法装卸货物,它还具有一些柴油机作为主机,以及为改善机动性在船体前部设置有一台横向推力器,其中该运输船的平衡位置通过相对于货物将水引入上压载水舱和下压载水舱中可得到调整,其特征在于,这些柴油机是一个柴油机电力推进设备的组成部分,其中,该柴油机电力推进设备设置在船体前部,并给至少一个设置在船尾下方的电动的方位-可转导管螺旋桨提供能量,其中,装载面被设计成用于装载笨重庞大货物的平坦的运输平台,以及在船体即便因出现大风下沉时,所述方位-可转导管螺旋桨和所述横向推力器可一起用于精确调节该运输船的位置。
上述结构的可半浸没的重货运输船,相对于已知类型的运输船舶具有更低的燃料消耗,其机动性特别好,在装卸货物时也能获得平衡。带来这些优点的原因一方面在于采用了方位-可转导管螺旋桨,这种螺旋桨除了机动性特别好之外,还能使船舶阻力减小。本发明的这一技术解决方案改善了船舶的航行性能和稳定性能,尤其是当其处于装卸货物时的稳定性能,因而在很大程度上无需拖轮的帮助。另一方面,由于船舶平衡位置可调谐而获得的良好的船舶稳定性以及设置在船体前半部的横向推力器,都对实现良好的机动性有很好的作用。通过用一柴油机电力推进设备来驱动该方位-可转导管螺旋桨,可保证有高的燃料效率(升功率)。
在船体前半部设置柴油机电力推进设备特别有利,这样考虑到重货运输船的运输能力可最佳地充分利用船舶空间。将主要的设备部件设置在船体前半部,保证了用于将货物装卸在船体后部由此不遭受任何结构上限制的运输平台上有最大可能的可变性。当通常配备的船体后部结构设置成可移动时,更是如此。由于柴油机位于船体前部,在船尾结构中可有利地无需安设排气导管,这样就可实现船尾结构的可移动性。
此外,利用一个设置于船舶下面的电动机来驱动方位-可转导管螺旋桨也特别有利。该电动机由一受主机驱动的发电机供电。利用设置于船舶下面的电动机来驱动一个或多个方位-可转导管螺旋桨能获得特别高的燃料效率(升功率)。这种在实践中称为SSP的驱动技术另外的突出之处还在于在各种船体情况下都具有很低的船舶阻力,其原因在于可实现无舵的最优化的船尾形状。这种驱动技术无需附加冷却,因为绕流电动机的水就可以实现冷却。此外,SSP-驱动技术还具有使用和维修费用低廉的优点。
按照本发明的另一特征,所述方位-可转导管螺旋桨设计成实行方位控制的可转导管双螺旋桨。双螺旋桨与单螺旋桨船相比虽然有制造和维修费用高的缺点,但设置两个螺旋桨却可以将螺旋桨直径选择得较小,从而可使这种可半浸没的重货运输船有较小的吃水深度,由此能降低其生产成本。按照本发明一有利的改进设计,横向推力器也可以由电驱动,以有助于提高燃料效率(升功率)和廉价建造重货运输船。
在一优选实施形式中,处于船体前部的可转导管螺旋桨和/或横向推力器由该可半浸没的重货运输船的操舵室内的一个中央航行控制台和两个桥楼-船舷驾驶台来控制,以便保证在驾驶操纵时有最大可能的一目了然性。当按照本发明的另一有利特征,由操舵室位于船尾一侧的一控制台来控制对底舱和翼舱的注水及排空也有助于此。
将可半浸没的重型运输船的配电盘及信号仪表板安设在隔音的发动机控制室中也是相宜的,以便隔绝船舶发动机发出的声波。为此,按照本发明的另一特征为主发动机配备消音器也是有利的。
为了使船舶运行费用特别低,按照本发明一有利的改进设计,所述柴油机可用具有约3500 s Redwood粘度的重油来驱动。按照本发明的另一改进设计,由采用船用柴油的柴油机作为辅助发动机也有助于降低船舶运行费用。比较有利的是,该辅助发动机安设在一减振基座上,这样可最大可能地降低噪声波。
按照本发明的另一特征,驱动设备的排(废)气导管可移动设置,以便尽最大可能地降低管道噪声。本发明还进一步建议,在前甲板上设置货物装卸设备,优选是一种液压驱动的船用起重机,这样在装卸货物时可采用传统的升/降方法。最后本发明建议,在船体前部设置两个带锚链的起锚机,在船体后部设置一个带锚索的起锚机,以保证可靠的三点固定。总之利用各种各样的但却是相互配合,共同作用的措施来建造一艘能最佳完成其任务的船舶。
附图说明
本发明的其它细节和优点从下面对优选实施例的说明中可了解到,附图中:
图1是一艘重型货物运输船的侧视图;
图2是图1所示这艘可半浸没的重型货物运输船的俯视图;
图3是按照本发明的方位-可转导管-双螺旋桨的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2所示可半浸没的重型货物运输船的总体纵向长度例如为156m。在船首垂线和船尾垂线之间的长度为145m。装货甲板在长度为126m,宽度为32.26m时,其空出的运载面积约为4065m2。该装货甲板区域的船舷高为10m,而该可半浸没的重型货物运输船的设计干舷吃水为7.50m,装货甲板最大沉深吃水为19.0m。
图例所示可半浸没的重货运输船在设计干舷下的自重为18000吨。这主要包括2000吨供主发动机用的重油(HFO 380)燃料,172吨供辅助发动机用的船用柴油,为此需要200m3的装载容量,还有相应需要300m3装载容量的300吨淡水,25吨润滑油,供全体船员用的20吨储备物,20吨替换备用件以及15.463吨有效载荷。当海水比重为1.025吨/m3时,该船舶自重状态下的平均设计吃水约为7.5m。这相应于设计的干舷吃水。
该可半浸没的重货运输船另外还具有约40m3污油及5m3污水的装载容量。在船体前部的前甲板上设有供22个船员和16个乘客用的临时住舱区。在船体前部还设有3个作为主机,转速约为720转/分的柴油机。利用这些9缸直列式柴油机可产生约3645kw的电动功率。当发电机的电损耗约为8.7%时,所能制备的用于驱动而不用于给船舶系统供电的功率约为8675kw。
该可半浸没的重货运输船此外还装备有两台辅助柴油机,以用于给船舶系统发电,它们的转速为720/900(转/分),可提供的发电功率为720kw。为停泊在港口及紧急情况下还设置有第3个柴油发电机,它的转速为1800转/分并具有按SOLAS规定的发电功率。
作为船舶驱动装置可采用两台方位-可转导管-双螺旋桨,它们借助设置于船舶下面的电动机来驱动,船舶的航行速度可达14节。图3中所示的所谓SSP-驱动装置由两个电动横向推力器来补充,它们能改善重货运输船的机动性和稳定性。试验证明,借助这两台横向推力器,最大吃水的重货运输船能克服蒲福氏风级达6至7级的风力而毫无困难地得到精确控制。
为了把货物固定在装货甲板上提供有大量的绞车。隔音措施,例如使机房与住舱区分离,为前甲板上的住舱区配备隔音壁或给主发动机配备消音器,都可保障有符合人类工程学的工作条件。该可半浸没的重货运输船在4小时之内可从最大吃水深度18m提升到吃水7.50m,这是借助空压泵将压载水舱排空来实现的。通过更少地使用主机(46.98mT/24小时),该可半浸没的重货运输船(其视需要也可作为浮船坞)在以360天的时间段作为计算基础时,其在路途上可较传统的船舶多跑34.6天。这意味着,在同样的船舶运行费用情况下,可附带运输更多的货物。视需要只让主机中的一台或两台柴油机工作也可实现高的燃油效率。因而也考虑到了生态方面的问题。
Claims (18)
1.一种可半浸没的重货运输船,其具有可注水和排空的底舱及翼舱,以便按浮上/浮下和/或滚上/滚下方法装卸货物,它还具有一些柴油机作为主机,以及为改善机动性在船体前部设置有一台横向推力器,其中该运输船的平衡位置通过相对于货物将水引入上压载水舱和下压载水舱中可得到调整,其特征在于,这些柴油机是一个柴油机电力推进设备的组成部分,其中,该柴油机电力推进设备设置在船体前部,并给至少一个设置在船尾下方的电动的方位-可转导管螺旋桨提供能量,其中,装载面被设计成用于装载笨重庞大货物的平坦的运输平台,以及在船体即便因出现大风下沉时,所述方位-可转导管螺旋桨和所述横向推力器可一起用于精确调节该运输船的位置。
2.如权利要求1所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,所述方位-可转导管螺旋桨通过一台设置于船舶下面的电动机来驱动,该电动机由主机驱动的一发电机供电。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,所述方位-可转导管螺旋桨设计成实行方位控制的可转导管双螺旋桨。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,所述横向推力器为电驱动。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,所述方位-可转导管螺旋桨和所述横向推力器由操舵室内的一台中央航行控制台和两个桥楼-船舷驾驶台来控制。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,所述方位-可转导管螺旋桨设计成纵倾辅助器,它尤其是在装卸货物时可起作用。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,所述底舱和翼舱的注水和排空由操舵室位于船尾侧的一控制台来控制。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,配电盘和信号仪表板安设在一个隔音的发动机控制室中。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,所述主机配备有消音器。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,所述柴油机可采用粘度约为3500 s Redwood的重油。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,设置采用船用柴油的柴油机作为辅助发动机。
12.如权利要求11所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,所述辅助发动机安设在一个减振基座上。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,所述驱动设备的排气导管设置成可移动的。
14.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,在前甲板上设置货物装卸设备。
15.如权利要求14所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,所述货物装卸设备是液压驱动的船用起重机。
16.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,在船体前部设置两个带锚链的起锚机,在船体后部设置一个带锚索的起锚机。
17.如权利要求1或2所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,设置一个在尾部可活动的船尾结构。
18.如权利要求17所述的可半浸没的重货运输船,其特征在于,所述船尾结构可拆下或翻折起来。
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DE10128152B4 (de) * | 2001-06-11 | 2004-08-19 | Siemens Ag | Schiffsantriebssystem mit vermindertem Bordnetzklirrfaktor |
NL1019716C2 (nl) * | 2002-01-09 | 2003-07-11 | Itrec Bv | Multifunctioneel vaartuig (Catamaran). |
WO2003086852A1 (en) * | 2002-04-10 | 2003-10-23 | Itrec B.V. | Submersible watercraft |
EP1359090A1 (en) | 2002-05-01 | 2003-11-05 | Wijnne & Barends'Cargadoors- en Agentuurkantoren B.V. | Cargo transport including quick loading and unloading of a cargo ship |
US6718901B1 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-04-13 | Technip France | Offshore deployment of extendable draft platforms |
CN100345725C (zh) * | 2003-11-06 | 2007-10-31 | 上海交通大学 | 艏艉部都配备直角传动推进装置的可侧推拖船 |
NO333766B1 (no) * | 2007-12-07 | 2013-09-16 | Marine Roll & Pitch Control As | System og fremgangsmate for aktiv og passiv stabilisering av fartoy |
CN105438410A (zh) * | 2015-01-12 | 2016-03-30 | 刘广 | 托船 |
CN105216973A (zh) * | 2015-10-27 | 2016-01-06 | 上海船舶研究设计院 | 一种适用于半潜运输船的载货浮板 |
JP6118880B1 (ja) * | 2015-11-11 | 2017-04-19 | 三井造船株式会社 | 船舶 |
CN106781833A (zh) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-05-31 | 佛山市三水区希望火炬教育科技有限公司 | 一种适应海上运行的高速动车飞行模型 |
CN112158303A (zh) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-01 | 南通润吉尼海洋装备有限公司 | 多功能风电支持船 |
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US3587505A (en) | 1970-04-23 | 1971-06-28 | Paul S Wells | Partially submersible carrier vessel |
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US4678469A (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1987-07-07 | Kelman Charles D | Intraocular lens with glare-inhibiting closure, the method of inhibiting glare, and the closure for same |
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NO20013077D0 (no) | 2001-06-20 |
KR20080049111A (ko) | 2008-06-03 |
ATE261367T1 (de) | 2004-03-15 |
KR20010089684A (ko) | 2001-10-08 |
EP1140616A1 (de) | 2001-10-10 |
KR20070116292A (ko) | 2007-12-07 |
CA2356675A1 (en) | 2000-07-06 |
WO2000038976A1 (de) | 2000-07-06 |
PL348882A1 (en) | 2002-06-17 |
ES2217866T3 (es) | 2004-11-01 |
DK1140616T3 (da) | 2004-07-05 |
AU3030900A (en) | 2000-07-31 |
DE59908830D1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
CN1257810A (zh) | 2000-06-28 |
CA2356675C (en) | 2007-10-30 |
PL199603B1 (pl) | 2008-10-31 |
NO20013077L (no) | 2001-06-20 |
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TW452558B (en) | 2001-09-01 |
DE29823737U1 (de) | 1999-09-30 |
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