CN114720223A - A dust generating device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to experimental equipment for simulating a dust environment, in particular to a dust generating device, which solves the technical problems that the existing dust generating device has a complex structure and cannot ensure uniform, stable and continuous dust sources, and comprises a feeding device and a spraying device, wherein the feeding device comprises a storage barrel, a scraping plate and a motor, a circle of groove is arranged at the bottom in the storage barrel, the motor is connected with a bottom plate of the storage barrel, so that the storage barrel or the bottom plate of the storage barrel rotates along with the operation of the motor, a cover body of the storage barrel does not rotate along with the motor, the spraying device comprises a Venturi tube, a feeding tube and a fan, a small hole communicated with the feeding tube is arranged at the middle position of a throat of the Venturi tube, the feeding tube passes through a discharge hole on the scraping plate, so that the feeding tube is suspended above the groove at the bottom of the storage barrel, and the continuous and stable feeding of materials is ensured through the rotation of the storage barrel or the bottom plate of the storage barrel, the control of the dust concentration is realized by adjusting the rotating speed of the storage cylinder and the wind speed in the Venturi tube.

Description

A dust generating device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of safety and environmental protection experiments, in particular to the field of experimental equipment for simulating dust environment.

Background technique

Dust pollution is one of the main pollution sources in environmental pollution. It not only pollutes the air, but also has a negative impact on production equipment and crops. At the same time, dust particles can also cause damage to the human body. Long-term inhalation of dust can cause obstruction of airway mucous membranes. , causing damage to the airway mucosa. If you inhale irritating smoke or dust for a long time, it will lead to chronic bronchitis, which will lead to the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Long-term inhalation of harmful gas and dust will damage the airway mucosa and cause airway inflammation. The highly reactive and irreversible airflow obstruction of the airway leads to the decline of lung function and the formation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In view of the damage of dust to the human body, scientific research institutions, environmental protection departments, production supervision departments, etc. are developing dust dust removal equipment, evaluating dust treatment effects or To study the mechanism and process of dust hazard, it is impossible to carry out related experiments and research in the dust environment for a long time, so it is necessary to simulate the dust environment, artificially create dust, and control the content of dust accordingly, although many people have proposed a lot of equipment. and method, but there are also certain shortcomings, such as: the invention name is a dust generating device, the application number is 201910141036.4, and the invention name is a dust stepless generating device, the application number is 201811234194.6 The invention patent, these two All the invention patents adopt the spiral structure to transport the dust, and extrude the dust through the spiral structure. Due to the extrusion and wear of the spiral structure, it is easy to cause the dust to stick or break, which changes the shape of the original dust. The final delivery status caused the discrepancy and prevented the experiment from being quantified. The name of the invention is the rotary diffused dust generating device, and the application number is the invention patent of 201710998153.3. The invention patent adopts a spiral structure to transport the dust. Under the action of the dust-carrying spiral structure, the dust is bound into a block, and the particle size of the dust is easy to change. At the same time, the generation of dust depends on the rotation of the rotating generator to throw the dust out of the small holes, and the dust that is transported by the spiral structure is easy to block the small holes. Therefore, when the dust generator is in use, it produces dust. The stability of the concentration is poor, and the quantitative experiment of dust cannot be carried out. The name of the invention is a dust generation system and its processing method. The application number is the invention patent of 201810089651.0. The invention monitors the dust concentration by using a sensor, and releases it when the concentration reaches the set value. However, because the dust sensor is generally used for a period of time Afterwards, it will be polluted by dust and cannot work normally, so it needs to be maintained frequently. Therefore, the maintenance of the invention patent is large. The name of the invention is an aerosol generating device, and the application number is the invention patent of 202111142431.8. The invention patent squeezes the dust into blocks, and scrapes the dust out after passing through the brush. This method destroys the original state of the dust and cannot guarantee The particle size range of the dust. The name of the invention is a solid dust aerosol generating device, and the application number is the invention patent of 201710979442.9. The invention patent supplies dust through the rotating disk. During the use process, the position below the rotating disk cannot contact the rotating disk gear, so it will cause some problems. Waste of dust; dust will come into contact with the air during the rotation of the rotating disk, so it may cause powder pollution; the rotating disk achieves the purpose of transporting dust through the gap between the gears, and is easily squeezed and agglomerated during the filling process. Change the original state of the dust, and at the same time, if the agglomeration is serious, the gap of the gear will be blocked, and the purpose of transporting the dust cannot be achieved. The name of the invention is a method of using an aerodynamic dust generating device. The application number is the invention patent of 202011221537.2. The invention controls the dust concentration by controlling the gas flow. There is a dynamic connection inside the crescent-shaped gas distribution plate. It is easy to gather at the opening and closing gap of the pneumatic device, which is easy to cause the gas distribution plate to be closed loosely, which affects the use effect and requires a large amount of maintenance. The name of the invention is a turntable dust aerosol generating device, and the application number is 201010136283.4. The invention patent has a dynamic connection between the turntable and the bottom of the flow bin, so dust easily enters the gap of the moving parts and affects the stability of the equipment; due to the pits existing in the turntable The groove is discontinuous, so dust cannot be continuously generated; and it is difficult to correct the rotation of the negative pressure suction pipe and the turntable. The existing technology and equipment cannot guarantee the uniformity, stability and continuity of the dust source and at the same time ensure the reliability of the equipment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a uniform, stable, continuous and reliable equipment for the dust source.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to make up for the problems that the existing technology cannot maintain the particle size range, the powder is easily blocked by agglomerates, and the powder is easy to enter the moving parts and the movable joints to affect the parts, the present invention uses a venturi tube to generate dust. The control of ration, wind speed and the rotation speed of the storage cylinder or the storage cylinder chassis realizes the precise and controllable dust concentration. At the same time, the moving parts of the invention do not contact the dust supply, and the powder cannot affect the normal operation of the parts, which ensures the stability of the equipment.

A dust generating device according to an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention includes a feeding device and a spraying device.

The feeding device includes a material storage cylinder, a scraper, and a motor.

A circular groove is set at the inner bottom of the storage cylinder for storing dust materials.

The scraper is installed vertically in the storage barrel and is fixedly connected with the non-moving parts of the storage barrel to realize the fixed position of the scraper. For example, the motor drives the entire storage barrel to rotate. The cylinder cover is fixedly connected, and the motor only drives the bottom plate of the storage cylinder to rotate, and the scraper is fixedly connected to the non-rotating storage cylinder cover and cylinder wall. There is a certain gap between the bottom of the plate and the bottom surface of the storage cylinder. During the movement of the storage cylinder, the scraper will fill the excess dust material in the groove at the bottom of the storage cylinder and shovel away the excess dust material at the bottom. Two small holes are set on the scraper. , respectively, the discharge hole and the vent hole, the discharge hole and the vent hole run through the entire scraper, which can respectively achieve the role of conveying dust materials and ventilation.

The motor is connected with the bottom plate of the storage cylinder, so that the storage cylinder or the bottom plate of the storage cylinder rotates with the operation of the motor, the cover of the storage cylinder is movably connected with the wall of the storage cylinder, and the cover of the storage cylinder does not rotate with the motor.

The material spraying device includes a venturi pipe, a feeding pipe and a fan. A small hole is opened in the middle of the throat of the venturi pipe to communicate with the feeding pipe. At the same time, the feeding pipe passes through the discharge hole on the scraper to make the feeding pipe suspended above the groove at the bottom of the storage cylinder.

The fan generates airflow, and the airflow enters the inlet section of the Venturi tube. When the venturi tube cross-sectional area gradually decreases, the gas velocity gradually increases, and the gas pressure also decreases. After entering the throat, the The gas flow rate reaches the maximum and the air pressure reaches the minimum. Under the action of atmospheric pressure, an air flow will be formed in the connected feeding pipe at the opening position in the middle of the throat. Since the feeding pipe is suspended above the groove at the bottom of the storage cylinder, the feeding hole The air flow will bring the dust in the groove into the throat of the venturi pipe, and under the action of the high-velocity air flow inside the throat, it will be blown out evenly from the outlet section through the diffusion section. It rotates under the action of the motor, and the dust material always fills the groove of the storage cylinder under the action of the scraper. The ventilation hole on the scraper, the feeding pipe, the Venturi pipe and the pipes connected to it form a gas path Circulation, the ventilation hole can send the air to the vicinity of the upper feeding nozzle of the groove at the bottom of the storage cylinder, and the ventilation hole ensures that the pressure at the groove of the storage cylinder is always the same as the atmospheric pressure.

As an improvement, the present invention also includes an air storage space. The air storage space is located inside the scraper and connected with the ventilation hole. There is an air outlet opening at the bottom near the groove of the storage cylinder. The existence of the air storage space ensures that the Venturi tube is generated The negative pressure is not affected by the disturbance of the external airflow, thus ensuring the continuity of dust ejection.

As an improvement, a scraper slope with a certain angle is set at the bottom of the scraper. During the movement of the bottom plate of the storage cylinder, the scraper will fill the excess dust material in the groove at the bottom of the storage cylinder and shovel away the excess dust material through the scraper slope at the bottom. To ensure that the groove is always filled with dust materials, it also ensures that the dust materials will not be squeezed to cause changes in particle size.

As an improvement, the groove provided at the inner bottom of the storage cylinder is a circle of grooves with a semi-elliptical cross section.

As an improvement, the accumulator is a cylindrical body.

As an improvement, the invention also includes an air speed regulator, which is used to control the flow rate of the air entering the venturi.

As an improvement, the present invention also includes a rotational speed regulator, which is used to control the rotational speed of the motor. The faster the rotational speed, the more dust material is sucked into the venturi tube through the feeding tube per unit time, thereby controlling the dust ejected from the venturi tube. concentration.

Beneficial effects:

In view of the complex structure of the existing dust generating device, the uniform, stable and continuous dust source cannot be guaranteed. The characteristics of the venturi tube are used to realize the uniform, stable and continuous generation of dust. The rotation of the storage cylinder ensures the continuous and stable supply of materials. The control of the dust concentration is realized by adjusting the rotation speed of the storage cylinder and the wind speed in the venturi tube. The invention has simple structure, stable operation and controllable dust concentration.

Description of drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a front view of the scraper;

Figure 2 is a side view of the scraper;

Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the storage cylinder when the scraper is at the front;

Figure 4 is a sectional view of the storage cylinder when the scraper is located on the elevation;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of venturi tube place;

6 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the invention;

Figure 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the dust concentration and the wind speed measured experimentally.

Reference numerals: 1. Storage cylinder; 2. Scraper; 3. Motor; 4. Groove; 5. Scraper slope; 6. Ventilation hole; 7. Air storage space; 8. Storage cylinder cover; 9 , Venturi pipe; 10, feeding pipe, 11, fan 12, throat; 13, discharge hole; 14, air outlet opening.

Detailed ways

The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Example 1:

As shown in FIG. 6 , a dust generating device includes a feeding device and a material spraying device. The feeding device includes a storage cylinder 1, a scraper 2, and a motor 3. A groove 4 is arranged at the inner bottom of the storage cylinder 1. , used to store dust materials. As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the scraper 2 is vertically installed in the storage cylinder 1, and the scraper 2 is fixedly connected with the non-rotating storage cylinder cover 8 to realize the position of the scraper 2 The bottom of the scraper and the bottom surface of the storage cylinder 1 maintain a certain gap. During the movement of the storage cylinder 1, due to the gravity of the dust material, the dust material fills the groove 4 at the bottom of the storage cylinder 1, and the scraper 2 will The excess dust material filled into the groove 4 at the bottom of the storage cylinder 1 is shoveled away by the bottom of the scraper 2. Two small holes are set on the scraper 2, which are the discharge hole 13 and the ventilation hole 6, and the discharge hole 13 and the through hole are respectively set. The air holes 6 run through the entire scraper 2 and can respectively achieve the functions of conveying dust materials and ventilation. As shown in Figure 1, an air storage space 7 is set at the same time. The air storage space 7 is located inside the scraper 2 and is connected with the ventilation holes 6. There is an air outlet opening 14 at the bottom of the air space 7 near the groove 4 of the storage cylinder 1. The existence of the air storage space 7 ensures that the negative pressure generated by the venturi tube 9 is not affected by the disturbance of the external air flow, thereby ensuring that the dust ejected. Continuity, the motor 3 is connected with the storage cylinder 1, so that the storage cylinder 1 rotates with the operation of the motor 3, the storage cylinder cover 8 is movably connected with the cylinder wall of the storage cylinder 1, and the storage cylinder cover does not rotate with the motor.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the spraying device includes a venturi tube 9, a feeding tube 10 and a fan 11. A small hole is opened in the middle of the throat 12 of the venturi tube 9, which can be communicated with the feeding tube 10. At the same time, the feeding tube 10 passes through the discharge hole 13 on the scraper 2, so that the feeding pipe 10 is suspended above the groove 4 at the bottom of the storage cylinder.

The fan 11 generates airflow, and the airflow enters the inlet section of the venturi tube 9. When it passes through the contraction break, as the cross-sectional area of the venturi tube 9 gradually decreases, the gas velocity gradually increases, and the pressure of the gas also decreases. After the passage, the gas flow rate reaches the maximum and the air pressure reaches the minimum, so that this part is negative pressure. Under the action of atmospheric pressure, an air flow will be formed in the connected feeding pipe 10 at the opening position in the middle of the throat. Above the groove 4 at the bottom of the storage cylinder 1, the air flow in the feeding hole 10 will bring the dust in the groove 4 into the throat of the Venturi tube 9 together under the action of the air flow, and the high flow rate of the air flow inside the throat. Under the action of the diffuser section, it is evenly blown out from the outlet section. At the same time, as shown in Figure 2, a scraper slope 5 with a certain angle is set at the bottom of the scraper 2. The scraper slope 5 and the bottom surface of the storage cylinder 1 keep a certain During the movement of the storage cylinder 1, the scraper will fill the excess dust material in the groove 4 at the bottom of the storage cylinder 1 and shovel away the excess dust material through the scraper slope 5 at the bottom, so as to ensure that the groove 4 is always filled with dust materials. At the same time, it also ensures that the dust material will not be squeezed to cause the particle size to change. The storage cylinder 1 rotates under the action of the motor 3, and the dust material always fills the groove of the storage cylinder under the action of the scraper 2. 4. The ventilation hole 6 on the scraper 3, the air storage space 7, the feeding pipe 10, the venturi pipe 9 and the pipes connected to it constitute an air circuit circulation, and the ventilation hole 6 can send the air to the bottom of the storage cylinder 1. Near the feeding nozzle above the groove 4, the ventilation hole 6 ensures that the pressure at the groove 4 of the storage cylinder is always the same as the atmospheric pressure.

Example 2:

The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the wall and the bottom plate of the storage cylinder 1 are movably connected and can rotate with each other, the motor 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the storage cylinder 1, and the motor only drives the bottom plate of the storage cylinder 1 to rotate, scraping the The plate 2 is fixedly connected with the non-rotating storage cylinder cover 8 and the cylinder wall. This connection method is more firm and prevents the scraper from being deformed. During the working process, the motor 3 drives the bottom plate of the storage cylinder 1 to rotate, and the storage cylinder cover 8. Neither the wall of the storage cylinder nor the scraper 2 rotates, and the dust material fills the groove 4 under the action of gravity. Since the feeding pipe 10 is suspended above the groove 4 at the bottom of the storage cylinder 1, the inside of the feeding hole 10 is Under the action of the air flow, the dust material in the groove 4 will be brought into the throat of the venturi tube 9 together, and under the action of the high-velocity air flow inside the throat, it will be evenly blown out from the outlet section through the diffusion section.

In order to control the air volume entering the Venturi tube, the fan is connected with the wind speed regulator. The wind speed regulator is used to control the flow rate of the wind speed entering the Venturi tube. The motor adjusts the speed through the speed regulator. There are more dust materials in the tube, so as to control the dust concentration ejected from the Venturi tube.

The whole experimental system includes a cuboid with a length of 2.5m, a width of 0.75m and a height of 0.75m, an inlet pipe with a length of 2.5m and a diameter of 0.25m, and a centrifugal fan. Connect one end of the cuboid to the interface pipe and the other end to the centrifugal pipe. Turn on the centrifugal fan, make the inlet wind speed of the inlet pipe about 6m/s, put the dust generating device of the present invention at the entrance, so that the dust generated by the dust generating device enters the inlet pipe, and is discharged after passing through the rectangular parallelepiped and centrifugal fan, and finally after purification. into the air. When the dust concentration in the cuboid is stable, the dust concentration inside the cuboid is measured by a dust sampler. Adjust the motor speed and the fan air volume of the dust generating device to control the dust concentration. It can be seen from the experiment that when the wind speed in the experimental system reaches about 6m/s, the feeding speed is in the range of 8.84mg/s to 667mg/s, and the adjustment of the concentration within 2200mg/ ^m3 can be achieved theoretically. The relationship between the dust concentration and the wind speed measured in the experiment shows that the dust source of the invention is continuous and stable and has good repeatability.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments are to be regarded in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is to be defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, which are therefore intended to fall within the scope of the claims. All changes within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of , are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the involved claim.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any minor modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention shall be included in the technology of the present invention. within the scope of the program.

Claims (8)

1. A dust generating device, comprising a feeding device and a spraying device; The feeding device comprises a material storage cylinder (1), a scraper (2), a motor (3), and a groove (4) is arranged at the inner bottom of the material storage cylinder (1) for storing dust materials, and the scraper (2) ) is vertically installed in the storage cylinder (1), and is fixedly connected with the storage cylinder cover (8) to realize the fixation of the position of the scraper (2). The material hole (13) and the ventilation hole (6), the discharge hole (13) and the ventilation hole (6) run through the whole scraper, the motor (3) is connected with the bottom plate of the material storage cylinder (1), and the motor (3) drives the material storage The cylinder (1) rotates together; The material spraying device comprises a venturi pipe (9), a feeding pipe (10) and a fan (11), and in the middle of the throat (12) of the venturi pipe (9), a small connecting pipe (10) is opened. At the same time, the feeding pipe (10) passes through the discharging hole (13) on the scraper (2), so that the feeding pipe (10) is suspended above the groove at the bottom of the storage cylinder. 2. A dust generating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom plate of the storage cylinder (1) is movably connected to the cylinder wall, the motor (3) is connected to the bottom plate of the storage cylinder (1), and the motor only drives the storage cylinder (1). The bottom plate of the material cylinder rotates, and the scraper (2) is fixedly connected with the cover body (8) of the material storage cylinder and the cylinder wall. 3. A dust generating device according to claim 1-2, characterized in that it further comprises an air storage space (7), and the air storage space (7) is located inside the scraper (2), and is connected with the ventilation hole (6). ) is connected, and there is an air outlet opening (14) at the bottom of the air storage space (7) near the groove (4) of the material storage cylinder. 4. A dust generating device according to claim 3, characterized in that a scraper slope (5) with a certain angle is set at the bottom of the scraper (2). 5 . The dust generating device according to claim 3 , wherein the groove ( 4 ) provided at the inner bottom of the storage cylinder ( 1 ) is a circular groove with a semi-elliptical cross-section. 6 . 6. A dust generating device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the storage cylinder (1) is a cylindrical cylinder. 7. A dust generating device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the invention further comprises a wind speed regulator, and the wind speed regulator is used to control the flow rate of the wind speed entering the venturi. 8. A dust generating device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the present invention further comprises a rotational speed regulator, which is used to control the rotational speed of the motor (3).

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