CN114488640A - 一种柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件及其制备方法,所述电致变色器件由上至下包括:ITO‑PET导电基底、PEDOT:PSS变色层、柔性全固态电解质膜、PANI变色层和ITO‑PET导电基底。本发明具备良好的安全性、耐弯折性以及循环寿命,扩大了电致变色器件的应用范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电致变色器件领域,特别涉及一种柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件及其制备方法。
背景技术
电致变色是指材料的光学属性在外加电场的作用下发生稳定、可逆的变化的现象,在外观上直接表现为颜色和透明度的可逆变化。电致变色一词是由美国芝加哥大学J.R.Platt在1961年首次提出的。直到1969年美国科学家S.K.Deb才首次详细地描述了非晶态WO3薄膜的电致变色现象,并提出“氧空位色心”的变色机理。此后,随着研究的深入,研究者们相继发现了多种新型电致变色材料,通过几十年的电致变色的研究,使得电致变色材料趋于多样化,主要分为无机电致变色材料以及有机电致变色材料。由于柔性电致变色器件特殊的柔韧性以及机械性要求,传统过渡金属氧化物材料因其固有脆性使得其变形后结构极易损坏,并不适用于柔性电致变色材料使用。导电聚合物具有易加工、更快的变色速度以及更好的柔韧性等优势,是目前柔性电致变色材料的主流发展方向。其中,PANI与PEDOT:PSS的有机体系,是构筑全固态互补型柔性电致变色器件的优良选择。
电解质层作为电致变色器件的核心功能层,往往决定了电致变色性能的优劣。而以聚合物作为基体的固态电解质薄膜具有强韧、耐弯折、无液体泄漏的特点,十分适用于柔性电致变色器件,在可穿戴显示、智能热控系统等领域具有广阔的应用前景。但目前的加工方法较为繁琐,不利于规模化制备,且多数聚合物基体不具有优异的光学透过性,因此亟需探索合适的聚合物材料,开发电致变色器件用柔性全固态电解质膜的新型制备方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件及其制备方法,该电致变色器件具备良好的安全性、耐弯折性以及循环寿命,扩大了电致变色器件的应用范围。
本发明提供了一种柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件,由上至下包括:ITO-PET导电基底、PEDOT:PSS变色层、柔性全固态电解质膜、PANI变色层和ITO-PET导电基底。
所述柔性全固态电解质膜由锂盐粉末和热塑性聚氨酯粉末球磨后冷压和反复热压而得。
本发明还提供了一种柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件的制备方法,包括:
(1)将锂盐颗粒单独进行球磨,得到锂盐粉末;再将锂盐粉末与热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)粉末进行混合球磨,混合球磨后的混合粉料经过冷压和反复热压后,得到柔性全固态电解质膜;
(2)以聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸PEDOT:PSS电致变色电极为对电极,以聚苯胺PANI电致变色电极为工作电极,以ITO-PET为导电基底,与步骤(1)中的柔性全固态电解质膜进行塑封组装,得到柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件。
所述步骤(1)中的锂盐为高氯酸锂(LiClO4)、氯化锂(LiCl)、四氟硼酸锂(LiBF4)、双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)、双氟磺酰亚胺锂(LiFSI)中的一种或几种。
所述步骤(1)中的锂盐和球磨采用的球磨珠的质量比为1:1-1:10;锂盐球磨转速为50~600rpm,球磨时间为1~12h。
所述步骤(1)中的混合粉料中热塑性聚氨酯质量百分比为30~99%,锂盐质量百分比为1~70%。
所述步骤(1)中的混合球磨采用的大珠和小珠的质量比例为1:9~9:1,大珠和小珠的总质量和混合粉料的质量比例为10:1~1:1;混合球磨转速为100~600rpm,时间为6~24h。
所述步骤(1)中的冷压压强为1~40MPa,冷压时间为5~600s。
所述步骤(1)中的热压温度为80~180℃,热压压强为0.5~20MPa,热压时间为30~120s,热压次数为1~10次。
所述步骤(1)中的柔性全固态电解质膜的厚度为20~400μm。
所述步骤(2)中的塑封温度为80~180℃,器件面积为1cm2~1m2。
有益效果
(1)本发明的制备方法简单,适合规模化生产;
(2)本发明使用固体粉料混合球磨热压的方法,制备电致变色器件用柔性全固态电解质膜,无溶剂使用与残留;
(3)本发明可通过热压温度、热压压强、热压时间等参数的调整,制备不同厚度的柔性全固态电解质膜,与PEDOT:PSS电极、PANI电极进行塑封组装,实现不同厚度与性能的柔性全固态电致变色器件的制备;
(4)本发明所得到的柔性全固态电致变色器件具有良好的耐弯折性与光学性能、循环寿命长,使其在可穿戴设备变色、曲面变色等领域具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明的柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件的结构示意图;其中,1、5为ITO-PET导电基底,2为PEDOT:PSS变色层,3为柔性全固态电解质膜,4为PANI变色层;
图2为实施例1制备的柔性全固态电解质膜的恒电位电化学阻抗谱图;
图3为实施例1制备的柔性全固态电解质膜在400~800nm波段测得的紫外-可见光透过谱图;
图4为实施例1制备的柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件褪色态和着色态的数码照片;
图5为实施例1制备的柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件在630nm光下测得的着褪色时间图;
图6为实施例1制备的柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件着色及褪色态下测得的紫外-可见光透过率图;
图7为实施例1制备的柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件循环3000圈的时间循环曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
(1)将高氯酸锂单独进行球磨,小球磨珠(直径为6mm)与高氯酸锂的质量比为10:1,转速为180rpm,球磨时间为6h;
(2)室温下,称取TPU粉末17g,高氯酸锂3g,小球磨珠(直径为6mm)110g,大球磨珠(直径为10mm)90g;各称取两份,分别放入两个球磨罐中密封;
(3)将球磨罐放入球磨机,设置球磨机转速为300rpm,球磨时间为12h;
(4)将球磨后的混合粉料平铺于离型膜中心,将包裹着粉料的离型膜置于两块的不锈钢板之间,将不锈钢板放入热压机中,设置压力为1MPa,先在室温下冷压60s;设置压力为1MPa、温度为140℃,再热压30s,反复热压4次,得到热压成型的柔性全固态电解质膜,厚度为117μm,离子电导率为7.84×10-6S·cm-1;
(5)以PEDOT:PSS电致变色电极为对电极,PANI电致变色电极为工作电极,以ITO-PET为导电基底,放入步骤(4)中制得的柔性全固态电解质膜,组装后利用塑封使各部分结合紧密,塑封温度为140℃;得到全固态互补型柔性电致变色器件,整个器件的厚度为322μm,面积为24.5cm2。
图1为全固态互补型柔性电致变色器件结构示意图,可知由此组装器件结构为典型的“三明治”结构,其中1、5为ITO-PET透明导电基底,2为PEDOT:PSS电致变色层,3为全固态电解质膜(离子储存层),4为PANI电致变色层。图2为所制备柔性全固态电解质膜的恒电位电化学阻抗谱图,经计算可知离子电导率为7.84×10-6S·cm-1。图3为制备的柔性全固态电解质膜在400~800nm波段测得的紫外-透过可见光谱,可以看到所制备的全固态电解质膜透过率较高,可达80%左右。本实施例组装的电致变色器件用两电极系统结合电化学工作站和紫外分光光度计来测定制得器件的光透过率变化。图4为制备的全固态互补型柔性电致变色器件褪色态和着色态的数码照片,当对器件施加2.5V电压后,器件变为深蓝;施加-0.5V电压时,器件褪色变回浅绿。图5为器件在630nm光下测得的着褪色时间图,经计算后本实施例组装的电致变色器件的着色时间为6.5s,褪色时间为1.2s。图6为器件着色及褪色态下测得的紫外-可见光透过率图,该器件的透过率在300~800nm波段有着明显的变化,在λ=630nm处光学对比度达到38.14%。图7为器件循环3000圈的时间循环曲线,本实施例组装的电致变色器件循环性能稳定,在630nm下,在+2.5V/-0.5V循环3000圈后仍能保留初始调制范围的50%左右。
实施例2
(1)将四氟硼酸锂单独进行球磨,小球磨珠(直径为6mm)与四氟硼酸锂的质量比为1:1,转速为50rpm,球磨时间为12h;
(2)室温下,称取TPU粉末49.5g,四氟硼酸锂0.5g,小球磨珠(直径为6mm)5g,大球磨珠(直径为10mm)45g;各称取两份,分别放入两个球磨罐中密封;
(3)将球磨罐放入球磨机,设置球磨机转速为600rpm,球磨时间为6h;
(4)将球磨后的混合粉料放入离型膜中心,将包裹着粉料的离型膜置于两块的不锈钢板之间,将不锈钢板放入热压机中,设置压力为2MPa,先在室温下冷压600s;设置压力为20MPa、温度为80℃,再热压100s,反复热压10次,得到热压成型的柔性全固态电解质膜,厚度为20μm;
(5)以PEDOT:PSS电致变色电极为对电极,PANI电致变色电极为工作电极,以ITO-PET为导电基底,放入步骤(4)中制得的柔性全固态电解质膜,组装后利用塑封使各部分结合紧密,塑封温度为80℃;整个器件厚度为230μm,面积为1m2。
由于锂盐比例太低,导致固态电解质膜电导率低,当对本实施例组装的电致变色器件施加电压后,器件变色效果微弱,透过率在300~800nm波段几乎没有变化。
实施例3
(1)将双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂单独进行球磨,小球磨珠(直径为6mm)与双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂的质量比为10:1,转速为200rpm,球磨时间为5h;
(2)室温下,称取TPU粉末15g,双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂5g,小球磨珠(直径为6mm)100g,大球磨珠(直径为10mm)40g;各称取两份,分别放入两个球磨罐中密封;
(3)将球磨罐放入球磨机,设置球磨机转速为250rpm,球磨时间为14h;
(4)将球磨后的混合粉料平铺于离型膜中心,将包裹着粉料的离型膜置于两块的不锈钢板之间,将不锈钢板放入热压机中,设置压力为25MPa,先在室温下冷压10s;设置压力为8MPa、温度为120℃,再热压70s,反复热压6次,得到热压成型的柔性全固态电解质膜,厚度为60μm;
(5)以PEDOT:PSS电致变色电极为对电极,PANI电致变色电极为工作电极,以ITO-PET为导电基底,放入步骤(4)中制得的柔性全固态电解质膜,组装后利用塑封使各部分结合紧密,塑封温度为180℃,整个器件厚度为264μm,面积为100cm2。
本实施例组装的电致变色器件的透过率在300~800nm波段有着明显的变化着褪色响应时间较快。
本实施例组装的电致变色器件循环性能稳定,光调制范围较广。
实施例4
(1)将氯化锂单独进行球磨,小球磨珠(直径为6mm)与氯化锂的质量比为6:1,转速为600rpm,球磨时间为1h;
(2)室温下,称取TPU粉末6g,氯化锂14g,小球磨珠(直径为6mm)180g,大球磨珠(直径为10mm)20g;各称取两份,分别放入两个球磨罐中密封;
(3)将球磨罐放入球磨机,设置球磨机转速为100rpm,球磨时间为24h;
(4)将球磨后的混合粉料平铺于离型膜中心,将包裹着粉料的离型膜置于两块的不锈钢板之间,将不锈钢板放入热压机中,设置压力为40MPa,先在室温下冷压5s;设置压力为0.5MPa、温度为180℃,再热压120s,热压1次,得到热压成型的柔性全固态电解质膜,厚度为400μm;(5)以PEDOT:PSS电致变色电极为对电极,PANI电致变色电极为工作电极,以ITO-PET为导电基底,放入步骤(4)中制得的柔性全固态电解质膜,组装后利用塑封使各部分结合紧密,塑封温度为110℃;整个器件厚度为610μm,面积为1cm2。
由于锂盐含量过高,混合不均匀,电解质膜的成膜性能与透过性大幅度下降,难以组装电致变色器件。
实施例5
(1)将双氟磺酰亚胺锂单独进行球磨,小球磨珠(直径为6mm)与双氟磺酰亚胺锂的质量比为6:1,转速为300rpm,球磨时间为2.5h;
(2)室温下,称取TPU粉末16g,双氟磺酰亚胺锂4g,小球磨珠(直径为6mm)120g,大球磨珠(直径为10mm)80g;各称取两份,分别放入两个球磨罐中密封;
(3)将球磨罐放入球磨机,设置球磨机转速为400rpm,球磨时间为8h。
(4)将球磨后的混合粉料平铺于离型膜中心,将包裹着粉料的离型膜置于两块的不锈钢板之间,将不锈钢板放入热压机中,设置压力为14MPa,先在室温下冷压45s;设置压力为7MPa、温度为160℃,再热压40s,反复热压2次,得到热压成型的柔性全固态电解质膜,厚度为104μm;
(5)以PEDOT:PSS电致变色电极为对电极,PANI电致变色电极为工作电极,以ITO-PET为导电基底,放入步骤(4)中制得的柔性全固态电解质膜,组装后利用塑封使各部分结合紧密,塑封温度为130℃;得到全固态互补型柔性电致变色器件,整个器件厚度为318μm,面积为10cm2。
本实施例组装的电致变色器件的透过率在300~800nm波段有着明显的变化,着褪色响应时间较快。
本实施例组装的电致变色器件循环性能稳定,光调制范围较广。
Claims (10)
1.一种柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件,其特征在于:由上至下包括:ITO-PET导电基底、PEDOT:PSS变色层、柔性全固态电解质膜、PANI变色层和ITO-PET导电基底。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色器件,其特征在于:所述柔性全固态电解质膜由锂盐粉末和热塑性聚氨酯粉末球磨后冷压和反复热压而得。
3.一种柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件的制备方法,包括:
(1)将锂盐颗粒单独进行球磨,得到锂盐粉末;再将锂盐粉末与热塑性聚氨酯粉末进行混合球磨,混合球磨后的混合粉料经过冷压和反复热压后,得到柔性全固态电解质膜;
(2)以聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸PEDOT:PSS电致变色电极为对电极,以聚苯胺PANI电致变色电极为工作电极,以ITO-PET为导电基底,与步骤(1)中的柔性全固态电解质膜进行塑封组装,得到柔性全固态互补型电致变色器件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的锂盐为高氯酸锂、氯化锂、四氟硼酸锂、双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂、双氟磺酰亚胺锂中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的锂盐和球磨采用的球磨珠的质量比为1:1-1:10;锂盐球磨转速为50~600rpm,球磨时间为1~12h。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的混合粉料中热塑性聚氨酯质量百分比为30~99%,锂盐质量百分比为1~70%。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的混合球磨采用的大珠和小珠的质量比例为1:9~9:1,大珠和小珠的总质量和混合粉料的质量比例为10:1~1:1;混合球磨转速为100~600rpm,时间为6~24h。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的冷压压强为1~40MPa,冷压时间为5~600s。
9.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的热压温度为80~180℃,热压压强为0.5~20MPa,热压时间为30~120s,热压次数为1~10次。
10.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中的塑封温度为80~180℃,器件面积为1cm2~1m2。
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