CN114478816A - 一种白玉蜗牛多糖及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种白玉蜗牛多糖及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114478816A CN114478816A CN202210129044.9A CN202210129044A CN114478816A CN 114478816 A CN114478816 A CN 114478816A CN 202210129044 A CN202210129044 A CN 202210129044A CN 114478816 A CN114478816 A CN 114478816A
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- polysaccharide
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- papain
- white jade
- jade snail
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种白玉蜗牛多糖及其制备方法和用途。本发明所述白玉蜗牛多糖WJPS利用简单有效的多糖提取工艺和方法,从白玉蜗牛中提取以及分离纯化而得到。药理实验结果表明,本发明的多糖WJPS可以抑制Aβ的聚集,并在人神经母细胞瘤细胞水平上抑制Aβ42聚集诱导的细胞毒性。因此具有潜在治疗阿尔兹海默症的作用,有望开发成一种针对阿尔兹海默症的药品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物来源多糖,更具体地说,涉及一种从白玉蜗牛(White JadeSnail,Achatina fulica)中提取的多糖WJPS,其提取方法及其在制备预防和/或治疗阿尔兹海默症的药品或辅助改善记忆功能的保健品中的用途。
背景技术
阿尔兹海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD))亦称为早老性痴呆,是一种慢性进行性的神经退行性疾病,主要表现为渐进性的记忆能力下降,认知功能障碍以及失去生活自理能力等(Int J Geriatr Psychiatry,2012,27(4):364-374)。
随着科学技术的不断发展,人们对AD发生机制的探究不断深入,有研究发现AD发病患者的大脑中可检测到大量的老年斑、神经元缺失等病理学改变。这些病理学改变也是淀粉样脑血管病的主要发病因素(国际麻醉学与复苏杂志,2012,33(2):99-102;NeurochemRes,2012,37(9):1829-1842)。其中,β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)在脑内的异常表达和沉积是引发AD的核心环节(Nature Reviews Neuroscience,2007,8(7),499-509)。β-淀粉样蛋白相对分子量为4.12KD,该蛋白是β-淀粉样前体蛋白被内源性蛋白酶水解后的产物。大量研究表明,AD的病理学病变,主要表现在细胞膜上分泌并聚集了大量的淀粉样前体蛋白,该蛋白被内源性蛋白酶水解后大量转变为β-淀粉样蛋白,在生理状态下,Aβ主要以单体α-螺旋构象存在,而在AD患者中,由于AD相关基因突变、金属离子浓度增加及pH改变等因素,导致脑内微环境改变,从而引发Aβ构象发生变化,即由α-螺旋转变为β-折叠后易于聚集成纤维状,并且可溶性的Aβ寡聚体比Aβ纤丝具有更强的毒性(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.2008,105(37),14052-14057;Nature,2002,416(6680),535-539;J Alzheimers Dis,2011,26(Suppl 3):321;Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf,2013,22(4):345-358),寡聚体和聚集纤丝从而可干扰Ca2+稳态、引发氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、炎症反应、诱导Tau蛋白过度磷酸化和导致神经元丢失等级联神经毒性,而最终导致痴呆(Neurochemical Research,2007,33(3),526-532)。在AD的发生发展中,Aβ有Aβ40和Aβ42两种形式,分别是γ分泌酶发生在APP的C端不同剪切位点,产生不同的AβC端GGVV和GGVVIA。从时程和量程上Aβ42均表现比Aβ40更强的毒性。因此,基于Aβ的神经毒性,以Aβ为作用靶点,寻找减少Aβ形成、抑制Aβ聚集和加速Aβ降解的药物受到各大制药公司青睐,成为业界治疗AD的研究热点。其中Biogen(渤健)公司的Aβ单抗Aducanumab,于2019年获得FDA快速审评通道资格,并于2021年获得FDA批准有条件上市(Can Geriatr J,2021,24(4):373-378.),一定程度上表明抑制或清除Aβ聚集是开发抗阿尔兹海默病的一种有效途径。
大量研究表明,多糖化合物在体内具有众多生理功能,如调节免疫力,抗病毒,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖等作用。关于多糖在神经退行性病变的作用也已有报道。如香菇多糖、灵芝多糖和姬松茸多糖,研究发现具有减少炎症反应及延迟细胞凋亡等作用,具有减轻神经退行性病变、减弱神经细胞损伤等方面的潜力。藻类多糖及肉苁蓉多糖多存在植物体内,可以通过加快机体对自由基的清除速度来抑制神经细胞凋亡,从而可延缓AD恶化进程。壳寡糖及海参多糖多存在于动物体内,生物相容性较好,可使β-淀粉样蛋白的生物学活性降低,有助于神经元的分化和突触生长,从而减轻AD病人的神经损伤,延缓病情进展(Stroke,2014,45(5):1492-1494)。这些研究均提示,使用多糖治疗AD的方案仍处于早期探索阶段,有广阔的应用前景。
蜗牛是陆生贝壳类软体动物,种类繁多,全球约有25000多种,在我国境内则有上千种。白玉蜗牛(White Jade Snail)是褐云玛瑙螺的变种蜗牛,因其头部及腹部色白如玉,故名为白玉蜗牛,该蜗牛为中国特有品种,我国白玉蜗牛养殖史已有20多年,近年来养殖规模不断扩大,年产量超过百万吨(泉州师范学院学报,2017,35(6):6-11)。现代中医认为蜗牛味咸、入大肠、肺、肝、肾经,有清热解毒、化痰消肿、平喘理疝之功效。在中医治疗过程中,蜗牛常以水煮液汝窑,同时有文献指出淡水和海洋贝类多糖拥有抗肿瘤、抗病毒及加强集体免疫力的作用,因此推测蜗牛的药用价值也许主要体现在多糖成分上(医药导报,2012,31(1):14-16.)。从非洲巨蜗牛中提取的非洲蜗牛多糖acharan sulfate是研究相对较多的一种蜗牛多糖,结构式为→4)-α-L-IdoA2S-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc-(1→,分子量为29,000Da,并且发现具有抗凝血,抗血管生成及损伤修复等各种生物活性(J Biol Chem.,1996,271(20):11750-5;Carbohydr Res.,2015,413:41-50)。
发明内容
本发明人使用一种较为简单有效的分离纯化方法,从白玉蜗牛中提取得到了一种多糖WJPS,并对其抑制Aβ聚集效果进行了研究。本发明人发现,白玉蜗牛多糖WJPS可在体外显著抑制Aβ42的聚集,并在人神经母细胞瘤细胞水平上抑制Aβ42聚集诱导的细胞毒性,具有潜在的治疗阿尔默海茨病和辅助改善记忆功能的作用。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种多糖WJPS。
本发明的另一个目的是提供上述多糖WJPS的制备方法。该方法相比较于一般的非洲蜗牛的提取方法(J Biol Chem.,1996,271(20):11750-5)更加操作简便,工艺简单,收率更高,容易实现工业化生产。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种药物组合物,其包含有效剂量的上述多糖WJPS作为有效成分,并且优选地进一步含有药学上可接受的载体及辅料。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种可食用组合物,其包含有效剂量的上述多糖WJPS作为有效成分,优选地进一步含有食品上可接受的载体及辅料。
本发明的又一个目的是提供上述多糖WJPS在制备预防和/或治疗神经退行性疾病的药物中的用途,以及在预防和/或治疗神经退行性疾病中的用途。
本发明的再一个目的是提供上述多糖WJPS在制备辅助改善记忆功能的保健品中的用途。
为实现上述目的,一方面,本发明提供了一种具有如下所示二糖重复单元结构的多糖WJPS:
→4)-α-L-IdoA2S-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc-(1→
所述多糖WJPS的重均分子量为约409KDa,分子量范围为约350~450KDa。
另一方面,本发明提供了制备多糖WJPS的方法,包括从白玉蜗牛中进行分离提取以及纯化得到多糖WJPS的步骤。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的制备多糖WJPS的方法包括如下步骤:
S1,将去壳白玉蜗牛脱脂、干燥、粉碎后用木瓜蛋白酶酶解;
S2,终止酶反应,离心收集上清液,并将上清液透析48-72小时;
S3,将透析后溶液加入2-3倍体积的无水乙醇,静置使得多糖沉淀,离心收集沉淀,烘干后得到粗多糖;
S4,将粗多糖用水溶解后加到平衡后的DEAE-纤维素柱层析,之后用浓度梯度为0.1M、0.2M、0.3M、0.5M、0.8M、1.5M、3M氯化钠溶液作为洗脱液逐步洗脱色谱柱,将用0.8M氯化钠溶液洗脱得到的多糖洗脱液用蒸馏水透析,冻干得到多糖WJPS。
优选地,本发明方法S1中,所述脱脂可为将去壳白玉蜗牛用95%乙醇水溶液浸泡16-20小时后,再两次使用丙酮浸泡16-20小时。
优选地,本发明方法S1中,所述干燥可为鼓风干燥机60℃干燥24小时,或者室温下通风橱晾干一周。
优选地,本发明方法S1中,所述酶解可为将经脱脂、干燥、粉碎的白玉蜗牛加入到木瓜蛋白酶消化缓冲液中,再加入木瓜蛋白酶进行酶解,其中,所述木瓜蛋白酶消化缓冲液的pH为5.5,配方为50mM醋酸钠,5mM EDTA,5mM L-半胱氨酸,和/或,其中,木瓜蛋白酶消化缓冲液体积用量约为15mL/g白玉蜗牛干燥粉碎后组织干重,和/或,其中,木瓜蛋白酶与干燥粉碎的白玉蜗牛组织的重量比为15~25mg酶/g组织,优选为20mg酶/g组织。更优选地,木瓜蛋白酶可以一次加入或多次加入,例如,将经脱脂、干燥、粉碎的白玉蜗牛加入到木瓜蛋白酶消化缓冲液中,搅拌均匀后按照每g干燥粉碎的组织加入20mg木瓜蛋白酶的比例加入木瓜蛋白酶,轻柔震荡酶解24-48小时,再加入相同量的木瓜蛋白酶,继续轻柔震荡酶解24-48小时。
优选地,本发明方法S2中,通过加热至约80-100℃20-40分钟终止酶反应,在4℃条件下,离心收集上清液,并将上清液透析48-72小时。更优选地,离心转速为8000~12000转/分钟,离心时间为20-40分钟。还更优选地,所述透析为对流动水透析。
优选地,本发明方法S3中,将透析后溶液经浓缩后加入2-3倍体积的无水乙醇。
再一个方面,本发明提供了一种预防和/或治疗神经退行性疾病如阿尔兹海默症的药物组合物,其包含有效剂量的本发明多糖WJPS作为有效成分,并且优选地进一步含有药学上可接受的载体及辅料。
再一个方面,本发明提供了一种可食用组合物,其包含有效剂量的本发明多糖WJPS作为有效成分,并且优选地进一步含有食品上可接受的载体及辅料。
根据本发明的多糖可口服或非口服施用,口服施用时,可将该多糖与常规保健品用或药用辅料混合后服用,所述辅料包括溶剂、甜味剂、防腐剂、香料、填料、稀释剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、风味剂及色素等。非口服施用时,可以采用注射液或栓剂等常规施用形式。制备上述制品时,可采用常规制剂技术。
本发明中所述的药物组合物或可食用组合物可被制备成口服液、口服片剂、固体饮料等不同剂型。
在本发明中,所述药物组合物或可食用组合物还可以含有其他药物活性成分或可食用活性成分。
又一个方面,本发明提供了本发明多糖WJPS在制备用于预防和/或治疗神经退行性疾病的药物中的用途。
优选地,所述神经退行性疾病为β淀粉样蛋白在脑部异常沉积所引起的神经退行性疾病,例如,阿尔兹海默症等。
又一个方面,本发明提供了本发明的多糖WJPS或可食用组合物在制备辅助改善记忆功能的保健品中的用途。
本发明所述白玉蜗牛多糖利用简单有效的多糖提取工艺和方法,从白玉蜗牛中提取以及分离纯化而得到。药理实验结果表明,WJPS可以抑制Aβ的聚集,并在人神经母细胞瘤细胞水平上抑制Aβ42聚集诱导的细胞毒性。因此具有潜在治疗阿尔兹海默症和辅助改善记忆功能的作用,有望开发成一种针对阿尔兹海默症的药品或者辅助改善记忆功能的保健品。
在上文中已经详细地描述了本发明,但是上述实施方式本质上仅是例示性,且并不欲限制本发明。此外,本文并不受前述现有技术或发明内容或以下实施例中所描述的任何理论的限制。
除非另有明确说明,在整个申请文件中的数值范围包括其中的任何子范围和以其中给定值的最小子单位递增的任何数值。除非另有明确说明,在整个申请文件中的数值表示对包括与给定值的微小偏差以及具有大约所提及的值以及具有所提及的精确值的实施方案的范围的近似度量或限制。除了在详细描述最后提供的工作实施例之外,本申请文件(包括所附权利要求)中的参数(例如,数量或条件)的所有数值在所有情况下都应被理解为被术语“大约”修饰,不管“大约”是否实际出现在该数值之前。“大约”表示所述的数值允许稍微不精确(在该值上有一些接近精确;大约或合理地接近该值;近似)。如果“大约”提供的不精确性在本领域中没有以这个普通含义来理解,则本文所用的“大约”至少表示可以通过测量和使用这些参数的普通方法产生的变化。例如,“大约”可以包括小于或等于10%,小于或等于5%,小于或等于4%,小于或等于3%,小于或等于2%,小于或等于1%或者小于或等于0.5%的变化。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式的白玉蜗牛多糖WJPS的提取分离流程图;
图2是根据本发明的一个实施方式的白玉蜗牛多糖WJPS的HPGPC纯度鉴定图;
图3是根据本发明的一个实施方式的白玉蜗牛多糖WJPS的1H NMR谱图;
图4是根据本发明的一个实施方式的白玉蜗牛多糖WJPS的1H,1H二维相关谱(COSY)
图5显示根据本发明的一个实施方式的白玉蜗牛多糖WJPS的抑制Aβ42聚集活性测定结果。其中,图5A为硫磺素荧光检测结果;图5B为Aβ42单独孵育7天后原子力显微镜(AFM)检测结果;图5C为WJPS与Aβ42共同孵育7天后原子力显微镜检测结果。
图6显示根据本发明的一个实施方式的白玉蜗牛多糖WJPS抑制Aβ42聚集诱导的神经元细胞毒性结果。其中,图6A为不同浓度的多糖WJPS单独或者同Aβ42共同孵育后对神经元细胞SH-SY5Y存活率的影响;图6B为对照细胞SH-SY5Y显微镜观察明场拍照结果;图6C为Aβ42单独孵育对SH-SY5Y细胞生长的影响显微镜观察明场拍照结果;图6D为100μg/mL的多糖WJPS同Aβ42共同孵育对SH-SY5Y细胞生长的影响显微镜观察明场拍照结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步阐述,以下实施方式只以举例的方式描述本发明。很明显,本领域普通技术人员可在本发明的范围和实质内,对本发明进行各种变通和修改。需要了解的是,本发明意欲涵盖在所附权利要求书中包括的变通和修改。
仪器:
高效液相色谱仪(GPC-PDA-RI):美国Waters 2695连接二极管阵列紫外可见光检测器(PDA,美国Waters)和示差折光检测器(RI,美国Waters)
色谱柱:TSKgel G4000PWxl串联G2500PWxl(日本TOSOH)
真空冷冻干燥机(Freezone 6,美国Labconco)
核磁共振波谱仪:美国Bruker AVANCEIII
酶标仪(美国Molecular Device,M2)、倒置荧光显微镜(日本Nikon,Ni-E)
原子力显微镜(NanoscopeIII a,美国Veeco Instrucments公司)
药品和试剂:
白玉蜗牛(中国北京昌平白玉蜗牛养殖基地),木瓜蛋白酶、醋酸钠、EDTA、L-半胱氨酸、无水乙醇等一般试剂均购自国药集团,Aβ42冻干粉(上海吉尔生化公司),硫磺素ThT(美国Merck),透析袋(3500MWCO,美国Spectrumlab)
人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY5Y(购自中国科学院细胞库)
细胞计数试剂盒(CellCounting Kit-8,CCK-8)购自日本同仁化学
DEAE-sephorose填料购自美国Cytiva
实施例1:WJPS多糖的制备
新鲜活体白玉蜗牛去壳后,用95%乙醇水溶液浸泡过夜,再两次使用丙酮浸泡过夜脱脂后,鼓风干燥机60℃干燥24小时。取120g干燥的白玉蜗牛,在水果研磨机中研碎。取木瓜蛋白酶消化缓冲液(pH约5.5,含50mM醋酸钠,5mM EDTA,5mM L-半胱氨酸)2升,将研碎的白玉蜗牛粉全部加入缓冲液中,搅拌均匀,再加入2.4克木瓜蛋白酶(国药试剂),搅拌均匀后置于55℃下轻柔震荡24小时。再加入2.4克木瓜蛋白酶,55℃下轻柔震荡24小时。反应完成后置于100摄氏度下煮沸30分钟变性木瓜蛋白酶。将溶液于4℃下以9000g离心30分钟,弃去沉淀,收集上清。将上清用流水透析72小时,旋转真空浓缩至约800毫升。加入三倍体积的无水乙醇,置于4℃下静置过夜,析出多糖沉淀。将过夜产物以9000g离心30分钟,收集沉淀,用200毫升纯乙醇洗涤,冷冻干燥过夜,即得到白玉蜗牛粗多糖约为8克(产率为6.67%)。
将粗多糖用适量的蒸馏水溶解,离心,上清液用DEAE-sephorose柱层析进行初步分离,用含不同浓度NaCl(0.1,0.2,0.3,0.5,0.8,1.5,3M)的洗脱液(50mM醋酸钠,pH4.0)以1毫升/分钟速度逐步洗脱该色谱柱,每个浓度洗脱3~5个柱体积至硫酸苯酚法检测不到糖含量,其中0.8MNaCl洗脱收集的洗脱液再用3500MWCO透析袋对蒸馏水透析彻底(100倍体积比透析三次,每次至少8小时)后真空冷冻干燥,得到白玉蜗牛多糖WJPS。
实验实施例1:多糖结构解析
经高效凝胶柱层析(HPGPC)分析表明多糖WJPS的重均分子量Mw为409kDa。其纯度测定图见图2。1H-NMR和COSY二维谱中(图3,图4),参照文献报道(Eur.J.Biochem.,2004,271,845-54.;J.Biol.Chem.,1996,271,11750-5.),对各信号进行归属,结果表明,在COSY谱中可以看到IdoA H1(5.16ppm)与位于较低场的H2(4.28ppm)的相关信号,表明其2位存在硫酸取代基,而GlcNAc的H1(5.06ppm)与H2(4.00ppm)相关,H2位于低场的化学位移表明其氨基取代有乙酰基。该多糖的1H NMR信号与文献报道非常相似,故而可以推断该多糖具有→4)-α-L-IdoA2S-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc-(1→这样的二糖重复单元结构。表明WJPS的结构为
→4)-α-L-IdoA2S-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc-(1→
药理实验实施例
药理实验实施例1:抑制Aβ42聚集实验
1)硫磺素荧光实验(Thioflavin T,ThT)
将Aβ42冻干粉(上海吉尔生化公司)溶于六氟异丙醇(HFIP)配成5mg/mL溶液,并通过超声和涡旋溶解后,室温下放置24小时。而后分装并真空冷冻干燥获得Aβ42单体用于ThT实验。
Aβ42单体溶于无水DMSO中(浓度为1.62mM),配成母液。取2μL该溶液溶于20μL磷酸缓冲液(pH约7.5,含50mM磷酸钠,100mM NaCl,0.02%NaN3,PBS)中,或2μL该溶液加入10μL不同浓度的WJPS多糖溶液(0.5mg/mL,1.0mg/mL,5.0mg/mL),再加入8μL PBS缓冲液,37℃共孵育20分钟,加入80μL硫磺素ThT溶液(1.25μM硫磺素溶于50mM甘氨酸—NaOH,pH8.5),37℃共孵育,每隔30min用酶标仪检测,检测波长为Ex=440/10nm,Em=470/10nm。
由图5A可见,多糖WJPS能够剂量依赖性的显著抑制Aβ42的聚集。
2)原子力显微镜(AFM)检测实验
为进一步验证多糖WJPS抑制Aβ42聚集的结果,采用原子力显微镜观察多糖WJPS对Aβ42聚集形态的影响。将1μL浓度为1.68mM的Aβ42,10μL浓度为5mg/mL的WJPS多糖溶液溶于89μL双蒸水中,37℃共孵育7天。将1μL浓度为1.68mM的Aβ42溶于99μL Millipore水中,37℃孵育7天,作为对照。取5μL样品溶液滴在干净的云母片上并小心吹干,在原子力显微镜(NanoscopeIII a,Veeco Instrucments公司)的轻敲模式下进行测试。
如图5B可观察到,Aβ42在单独孵育7天后,出现大量丝状纤维聚集体,而与多糖WJPS共孵育7天后(图5C),丝状纤维聚集体明显减少减弱。该结果与硫磺素荧光检测结果相吻合,证明多糖具有抑制Aβ42聚集的活性。
药理实验实施例2:白玉蜗牛多糖WJPS抑制Aβ42聚集导致的神经元细胞毒性实验
1)细胞培养
人神经母细胞瘤细胞SH-SY5Y(购自中国科学院细胞库)用体积比1:1的MEM和Ham's F12培养基(含10%胎牛血清)于5%CO2培养箱37℃培养,2-3天换液1次。细胞贴壁长满后,用0.25%胰蛋酶(Invitrogen公司)消化后,以35000个细胞/孔接种到96孔细胞培养板,每孔体积100μL。37℃培养16h,使细胞贴壁。
不同浓度的多糖WJPS溶液(0,5,50,500μg/mL)同Aβ42(200μM)或者等体积的DMSO,37℃水浴孵育4天后,吸去培养过夜细胞上清,加入用培养基稀释的上述孵育4天的溶液,每孔100μL,使AB42终浓度为40μM,多糖WJPS终浓度为(0,1μg/mL,10μg/mL,100μg/mL)。37℃继续培养48h,CCK-8测定细胞存活率。
2)细胞计数试剂盒(CellCounting Kit-8,CCK-8)测定
每孔加CCK-8溶液10μL。继续孵育4h,选择450nm波长,在酶联免疫酶标仪(美国Molecular Device,M2)上测定各孔光吸收值,记录结果,计算细胞存活率。
如图6A所示,l)Aβ42单独孵育4天,加入SH-SY5Y细胞后,该细胞存活率较正常组下降40%左右,说明Aβ42寡聚体对SH-SY5Y细胞产生了细胞毒性。2)当Aβ42与不同浓度多糖WJPS共孵育4天,加入SH-SY5Y细胞后,该细胞的存活率呈剂量依赖性的有所恢复,且有统计学意义,而单独不同浓度的多糖WJPS对细胞生产则没有明显的影响。
同时从显微镜下观察到的细胞形态图来看,同对照(图6B)相比,Aβ42单独孵育(图6C)对细胞有所损伤,而100μg/mL的多糖WJPS同Aβ42共同孵育则能明显减弱对细胞的损伤(图6D)。
这些结果表明,多糖WJPS可通过抑制Aβ42聚集进而保护其对神经元细胞SH-SY5Y的损伤。而多糖WJPS单独加入SH-SY5Y细胞,对该细胞的存活没有明显影响。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有如下所示二糖重复单元结构的多糖WJPS:
→4)-α-L-IdoA2S-(1→4)-α-D-GlcNAc-(1→
所述多糖WJPS的重均分子量为409KDa,分子量范围为350~450KDa。
2.一种制备权利要求1所述的多糖WJPS的方法,包括从白玉蜗牛中进行分离提取以及纯化得到多糖WJPS的步骤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其包括如下步骤:
S1,将去壳白玉蜗牛脱脂、干燥、粉碎后用木瓜蛋白酶酶解;
S2,终止酶反应,离心收集上清液,并将上清液透析48-72小时;
S3,将透析后溶液加入2-3倍体积的无水乙醇,静置使得多糖沉淀,离心收集沉淀,烘干后得到粗多糖;
S4,将粗多糖用水溶解后加到平衡后的DEAE-纤维素柱层析,之后用浓度梯度为0.1M、0.2M、0.3M、0.5M、0.8M、1.5M、3M氯化钠溶液作为洗脱液逐步洗脱色谱柱,将用0.8M氯化钠溶液洗脱得到的多糖洗脱液用蒸馏水透析,冻干得到多糖WJPS。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,
其中,S1中,所述脱脂为将去壳白玉蜗牛用95%乙醇水溶液浸泡16-20小时后,再两次使用丙酮浸泡16-20小时;和/或
其中,S1中,所述干燥为鼓风干燥机60℃干燥24小时,或者室温下通风橱晾干一周;和/或
其中,S1中,所述酶解为将经脱脂、干燥、粉碎的白玉蜗牛加入到木瓜蛋白酶消化缓冲液中,再加入木瓜蛋白酶进行酶解,其中,所述木瓜蛋白酶消化缓冲液的pH为5.5,配方为50mM醋酸钠,5mM EDTA,5mM L-半胱氨酸,和/或,其中,木瓜蛋白酶消化缓冲液体积用量约为15mL/g白玉蜗牛干燥粉碎后组织干重,和/或,其中,木瓜蛋白酶与干燥粉碎的白玉蜗牛组织的重量比为15~25mg酶/g组织,优选为20mg酶/g组织,优选地,木瓜蛋白酶可以一次加入或多次加入,例如,将经脱脂、干燥、粉碎的白玉蜗牛加入到木瓜蛋白酶消化缓冲液中,搅拌均匀后按照每g干燥粉碎的组织加入20mg木瓜蛋白酶的比例加入木瓜蛋白酶,轻柔震荡酶解24-48小时,再加入相同量的木瓜蛋白酶,继续轻柔震荡酶解24-48小时。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,
其中,S2中,通过加热至80-100℃20-40分钟终止酶反应,在4℃条件下,离心收集上清液,并将上清液透析48-72小时;优选地,离心转速为8000~12000转/分钟,离心时间为20-40分钟;还更优选地,所述透析为对流动水透析;和/或
其中,S3中,将透析后溶液经浓缩后加入2-3倍体积的无水乙醇。
6.一种药物组合物,其包含有效剂量的如权利要求1所述的多糖WJPS作为有效成分,优选地进一步含有药学上可接受的载体及辅料。
7.一种可食用组合物,其包含有效剂量的如权利要求1所述的多糖WJPS作为有效成分,优选地进一步含有食品上可接受的载体及辅料。
8.根据权利要求6所述的药物组合物,还包含其他药物活性成分。
9.如权利要求1所述的多糖WJPS或如权利要求6所述的药物组合物在制备用于预防和/或治疗神经退行性疾病(特别是β淀粉样蛋白在脑部异常沉积所引起的神经退行性疾病,例如,阿尔兹海默症)的药物中的用途。
10.如权利要求1所述的多糖WJPS或如权利要求7所述的可食用组合物在制备辅助改善记忆功能的保健品中的用途。
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