CN114088316B - Fracturing ball sealing performance testing device and operation pressure dynamic regulation and control method - Google Patents
Fracturing ball sealing performance testing device and operation pressure dynamic regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114088316B CN114088316B CN202111395028.6A CN202111395028A CN114088316B CN 114088316 B CN114088316 B CN 114088316B CN 202111395028 A CN202111395028 A CN 202111395028A CN 114088316 B CN114088316 B CN 114088316B
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000000903 Herpes simplex encephalitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037018 Herpes simplex virus encephalitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device and an operation pressure dynamic regulation and control method, which comprise the following steps: the fracturing ball sealing structure and the high-temperature high-pressure operation fluid circulation flow can be simulated, testing of the fracturing ball dissolution performance, the sealing performance and the bearing performance can be realized, the soaking time, the bearing time, the fracturing fluid dissolution time and the clean water dissolution time experimental periods under different temperatures, confining pressures and operation pressure conditions can be measured, the diameter of the fracturing ball and the leakage quantity can be measured, the dynamic attenuation curve of the critical sealing pressure of the fracturing ball along with the operation time can be analyzed and drawn by calculating the diameter change rate and the leakage speed of the fracturing ball in different experimental periods, the numerical relation between the sealing pressure attenuation value of the fracturing ball and the operation time can be established, the dynamic pressure regulation system can be formulated, the safety and the high efficiency of the fracturing ball in the whole service period can be ensured, and the fracturing operation efficacy can be fully exerted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining exploitation, in particular to a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device and an operation pressure dynamic regulation and control method.
Background
With the production demand of safe and efficient exploration and development of special oil and gas reservoirs, large-scale staged fracturing technology is rapidly developed, the used downhole tools are also developed from drillable and easy-to-drill to degradable directions, wherein the fracturing balls are the key of various staged fracturing tools, various downhole tools such as degradable fracturing balls, ball seats, bridge plugs and the like produced by high-strength degradable composite metal materials are formed, the density of the degradable materials is small, the weight is light, the mechanical performance and the high-temperature resistance are good, the degradable materials can be automatically degraded in a saline environment, the defects that the conventional downhole tools are difficult to salvage and difficult to drill and mill are overcome, but the degradable characteristics cause the sealing performance and the construction time to be key contradictions of the operation efficacy of the downhole tools, a scientific and reasonable fracturing ball sealing performance testing method is urgently needed, the critical sealing pressure of the fracturing balls is analyzed through experimental simulation to test the change rule of the sealing pressure of the fracturing balls in time in the downhole working conditions, and the suitability of the fracturing balls in the downhole working conditions is judged, therefore experimental method and basis are provided for optimizing the sealing structure of the fracturing balls, the safety and high-efficiency of the fracturing balls in the whole service period are ensured, the special oil and the high-efficiency is reduced, and the fracturing ball is fully used for performing the fracturing operation.
According to the fracturing construction requirements, the main properties of the common soluble fracturing ball comprise density, mechanical properties, temperature resistance, pressure bearing properties, medium resistance and dissolution rate, and the common soluble fracturing ball is mainly made of materials such as a magnesium aluminum-based nanocomposite, a controllable electrolytic nano metal material (CEM), and poly carboxyl acetic acid (PGA), and according to the fracturing operation time, the fracturing ball material is optimized to enable the degradable time to meet the construction operation time requirements; according to the temperature, pressure and fracturing operation parameters of the well bore, the fracturing ball, the ball seat and the bridge plug structure are designed so that the comprehensive service performance of the well bore meets the working condition requirements of the well bore. The special oil and gas reservoir deep well, ultra-deep well and horizontal well have complex working conditions, and the degradable fracturing ball dissolution rate, medium resistance, bearing capacity and sealing performance influence mechanisms under different well bore working conditions and different fracturing operation parameters are different, so that manufacturers need to select materials and sealing structures according to the sealing performance of the fracturing ball under specific well conditions, and oilfield service side needs to reasonably determine the adjusting and controlling method of the fracturing operation time and the operation pressure according to the fracturing ball performance.
In summary, the method for testing the sealing performance of the fracturing ball indoors has extremely important value in theory and engineering, but the sealing performance of the fracturing ball is mainly analyzed and mastered by methods such as dissolution rate, material structure design, finite element and the like at present, and the method for testing the sealing performance of the fracturing ball by using an indoor simulation experiment is few, so that the sealing pressure of the fracturing ball is seriously influenced by detection and evaluation of manufacturers and oilfield service parties, and the development and comprehensive use performance of the fracturing ball are limited to be continuously improved.
In order to solve the problem that a uniform and applicable fracturing ball sealing performance evaluation means does not exist yet, the invention provides a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device and an operation pressure dynamic regulation and control method, and the testing device which can intelligently monitor a fracturing ball sealing pressure curve and leakage quantity in real time by simulating the working condition of fracturing operation is formed, and the applicability of the fracturing ball in the operation process is judged by analyzing the change rate of the diameter of the fracturing ball and the change rule of the leakage speed under different fracturing operation parameters, so that the HSE risk of fracturing operation is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device and an operation pressure dynamic regulation and control method, which solve the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device, comprising: the pressure-bearing cylinder temperature and pressure assembly, the pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly, the fluid circulation assembly and the data recording system;
the pressure-bearing barrel temperature and pressure assembly realizes simulation of a fracturing ball sealing structure and operation conditions;
the pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly realizes the sealing state and pressure-bearing test of the pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly;
the fluid circulation assembly realizes the circulation flow of high-temperature and high-pressure fluid between the pressure-bearing cylinder temperature-pressure assembly and the outside;
the data recording system realizes real-time detection and recording of temperature and pressure parameters and size parameters of the whole testing device.
The pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly comprises a pressure-bearing cylinder, a fracturing ball and a ball seat sealing surface;
the outside of the pressure-bearing cylinder is sequentially provided with a hydraulic cylinder and a heating sleeve, confining pressure is applied to the pressure-bearing cylinder through the hydraulic cylinder, the pressure-bearing cylinder can be heated through the heating sleeve, the simulation of the operation condition of the fracturing ball in the pressure-bearing cylinder is realized, and the sealing pressure of the fracturing ball and the sealing structure under the operation condition and the operation parameter is tested;
the ball seat sealing surface is arranged in the pressure-bearing cylinder, the fracturing ball is a fracturing ball with a dissolvable characteristic, and the fracturing ball is positioned on the ball seat sealing surface, so that the simulation of the fracturing ball sealing structure is realized;
the pressure-bearing cylinder is also provided with a sapphire window.
The pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly comprises an upper plug and a lower plug; one end of the upper plug is in air-tight threaded connection with the upper part of the pressure-bearing cylinder, the other end of the upper plug is provided with an upper sealing compression ring, and the upper plug is connected with a pressure-increasing valve through an upper plug straight-through joint; the pressurizing valve is used for pressurizing the closed system by passing gas-liquid phase fluid into the pressure-bearing cylinder;
one end of the lower plug is in air-tight threaded connection with the lower part of the pressure-bearing cylinder, the other end of the lower plug is provided with a lower sealing compression ring, and the lower plug is connected with a pressure release valve through a lower plug straight-through joint; and discharging the gas-liquid phase fluid in the pressure-bearing cylinder through the pressure relief valve.
The fluid circulation assembly comprises a liquid storage tank, a peristaltic pump and a booster pump;
an inlet tee joint is arranged at the inlet of the liquid storage tank and is respectively connected with a fluid pressure relief check valve and a liquid injection valve; the fluid pressure relief check valve is connected with the pressure relief valve; the fluid pressure release check valve realizes the unidirectional flow of leakage fluid to the liquid storage tank, and the liquid injection valve realizes the injection and replacement of working fluid into the liquid storage tank;
an outlet tee joint is arranged at the outlet of the liquid storage tank and is respectively connected with a liquid discharge valve and a peristaltic valve; the peristaltic valve is connected with the peristaltic pump;
the peristaltic pump is connected with the fluid pressurizing one-way valve; the peristaltic pump is used for realizing unidirectional circulating flow of fluid to the pressurizing tee joint through the fluid pressurizing one-way valve; the simulation realizes the circulation flow of the internal high-pressure fluid of the pressure-bearing cylinder under the conditions of different temperatures and confining pressures in the operation process;
the booster pump is connected with the booster tee joint; the pressurizing tee joint is also respectively connected with a fluid pressurizing one-way valve and a pressurizing valve on a high-pressure pipeline; the booster pump pressurizes the pressure-bearing cylinder through fluid in the high-pressure pipeline.
The data recording system comprises a pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor, a leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor, a vortex flowmeter, a size detector and a data recorder;
the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor is arranged in the cavity of the upper plug and used for detecting the temperature and pressure of fluid applied to the upper part of the fracturing ball in real time;
the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor is arranged in the lower plug and used for detecting the pressure and the temperature of fluid leaked by the fracturing ball in real time;
the vortex flowmeter is arranged between the pressure release valve and the fluid pressure release check valve, and detects the flow of leakage fluid in the whole working period in real time;
the size detector is arranged at the sapphire window and is used for detecting the diameter of the fracturing ball in real time;
the data recorder is respectively connected with the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor, the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor, the vortex flowmeter and the size detector, and monitors and records temperature and pressure parameters, fluid leakage amount and a fracturing ball size data curve in real time.
The dynamic regulation and control method for the operation pressure of the fracturing ball sealing performance testing device comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the working condition parameters and the fracturing operation parameters of the fracturing section, the temperature T and the confining pressure P of the stratum of the target well section are defined p The density rho of fracturing fluid, the working well depth H and the working pressure P 0 Determining the original diameter R of the fracturing ball and determining the soaking time t of the fracturing ball in the operation process 1 Pressure-bearing time t 2 Fracturing fluid dissolution time t 3 Clear water dissolution time t 4 ；
S2: placing the fracturing ball into a pressure-bearing cylinder, and keeping sealing between the fracturing ball and a sealing surface of the ball seat;
s3: injecting the fracturing fluid for operation into the liquid storage tank through the liquid injection valve, opening the peristaltic pump to pump the fracturing fluid into the pressure-bearing cylinder, and applying confining pressure P to the pressure-bearing cylinder through the hydraulic cylinder p Heating the pressure-bearing cylinder to a temperature T through a heating sleeve; opening the size detector, and measuring the initial diameter R of the fracturing ball through the sapphire window 0 Setting a data recorder to record relevant experimental parameters;
s4: at temperature T and confining pressure P p Under the condition of the liquid column pressure rho g H of the fracturing fluid, carrying out fracturing ball dissolution performance test until the soaking time reaches t 1 The diameter of the fracturing ball is detected every 10 minutes during the period, the leakage quantity Q' is continuously detected through a vortex flowmeter, and the temperature T and the confining pressure P are drawn p Fracturing fluid column pressure rho g under H conditions fracturing ball diameter R ', leakage Q' and soaking time t 1 Is a relationship of (2);
s5: maintaining temperature T and confining pressure P p The booster pump is started to increase the internal pressure of the pressure-bearing cylinder to the working pressure P 0 Carrying out fracturing ball bearing capacity experiment until bearing time reaches t 2 The temperature T and the confining pressure P can be adjusted according to the working condition during the period p And working pressure P 0 The temperature and pressure alternation is carried out, the diameter of the fracturing ball is detected every 10 minutes, the leakage quantity Q' is continuously detected through a vortex flowmeter, and the temperature T and the confining pressure P are drawn p Pressure P of fracturing fluid operation 0 Diameter R ', leakage Q', and bearing time t of fracturing ball under alternating conditions 2 Is a relationship of (2);
s6: maintaining temperature T and confining pressure P p Working pressure P 0 The fracturing fluid dissolution experiment after the fracturing ball bearing is carried out until the dissolution time reaches t 3 The diameter of the fracturing ball is detected every 5 minutes, and the leakage quantity Q 'is continuously detected through a vortex flowmeter' 1 Drawing temperature T and confining pressure P p Working pressure P 0 Diameter of fracturing ball R 'under condition' 1 Leakage quantity Q' 1 And dissolution time t 3 Is a relationship of (2);
s7: the fracturing fluid is discharged through a liquid discharge valve, clean water is injected through a liquid injection valve, and a peristaltic pump is started to repeatedly and circularly clean the pressure-bearing cylinder, the high-pressure pipeline and all parts of the device;
s8: at temperature T and confining pressure P p Under the clean water condition, carrying out clean water dissolution experiment after fracturing ball bearing until the dissolution time reaches t 4 The diameter of the fracturing ball is detected every 5 minutes, and the leakage quantity Q 'is continuously detected through a vortex flowmeter' 2 Drawing temperature T and confining pressure P p Fracture ball diameter R 'under clean water condition' 2 Leakage quantity Q' 2 And dissolution time t 4 Is a relationship of (2);
s9: according to the temperature and pressure field of the target well, selecting a series of different temperatures T and confining pressures P p Repeating steps S1-S4 to obtain series temperature T and confining pressure P p Under the condition of soaking time t 1 In the experimental period of (1), the change relation curve of the diameter R ' and the leakage quantity Q ' of the fracturing ball is calculated, and the change rate epsilon of the diameter of the fracturing ball is = [ (R-R ')/R)]100% of the total weight of the fracturing balls, and evaluating the dissolubility and sealing performance of the fracturing balls under different temperature and pressure conditions;
s10: according to the fracturing operation parameters, selecting a series of different operation pressures P 0 Repeating step S5 to obtain series temperature T and confining pressure P p Working pressure P 0 Under the condition of pressure-bearing time t 2 In the experimental period, the variation relation curve of the diameter R 'of the fracturing ball and the leakage quantity Q';
s11: repeating step S6 to obtain series temperature T and confining pressure P p Working pressure P 0 Under the condition, the dissolution time t of the fracturing fluid 3 In the experimental period, the diameter R 'of the fracturing ball' 1 Leakage quantity Q' 1 Is a change relation curve of (a);
s12: repeating steps S7-S8 to obtain series temperature T and confining pressure P p Under the condition of clear water, clear water dissolution time t 4 In the experimental period, the diameter R 'of the fracturing ball' 2 Leakage quantity Q' 2 Is a change relation curve of (a);
s13: calculating soaking time t 1 Pressure-bearing time t 2 Dissolution time t of fracturing fluid 3 Time t of dissolution in clear water 4 The diameter change rate epsilon of the fracturing ball and the leakage quantity are drawn in the experimental period 1 、ε 2 、ε 3 And epsilon 4 And leakage quantity Q ', Q ', Q ' 1 、Q′ 2 And working pressure P 0 Is a relationship of (2);
s14: drawing a dynamic attenuation curve of critical sealing pressure of the fracturing ball along with operation time, establishing a numerical relation between a sealing pressure attenuation value of the fracturing ball and the operation time, and preparing a dynamic pressure regulation operation system, so that the fracturing ball is effectively sealed in the whole service period, and the fracturing operation efficacy is fully exerted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(A) The sealing structure of the fracturing ball and the circulating flow working condition of the high-temperature high-pressure working fluid can be simulated, and the testing of the dissolution performance, the sealing performance and the pressure-bearing performance of the fracturing ball is realized;
(B) The relation curve of the diameter of the fracturing ball along with the operation time and the relation curve of the operation pressure and the leakage amount under different temperature, pressure and operation pressure conditions can be measured, and the critical sealing pressure and the diameter change rate of the fracturing ball under different operation conditions are calculated;
(C) By analyzing the dynamic attenuation curve of the critical sealing pressure of the fracturing ball, the dynamic regulation system of the working pressure can be formulated according to the numerical relation between the attenuation of the sealing pressure and the working time, and the safe and efficient operation of the fracturing ball in the whole service period is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device according to an embodiment of the invention;
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and by way of examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the invention more apparent.
As shown in fig. 1, a fracturing ball sealing performance testing device includes: pressure-bearing cylinder temperature and pressure assembly, pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly, fluid circulation assembly and data recording system.
The pressure-bearing barrel temperature and pressure assembly comprises: the pressure-bearing cylinder 1, the hydraulic cylinder 4, the heating sleeve 5, the fracturing ball 8 and the ball seat sealing surface 9 realize the simulation of the fracturing ball sealing structure and the operation working condition;
the pressure-bearing cartridge seal assembly includes: the upper plug 2, the lower plug 3, the upper plug straight-through joint 6, the lower plug straight-through joint 7, the upper sealing compression ring 10 and the lower sealing compression ring 11 realize the sealing state and the bearing test of the bearing cylinder;
the fluid circulation assembly includes: the circulating flow of high-temperature and high-pressure fluid is realized by the booster valve 12, the fluid booster check valve 13, the peristaltic pump 14, the pressure relief valve 15, the fluid pressure relief check valve 17, the liquid storage tank 18, the liquid injection valve 19, the liquid discharge valve 20, the tank inlet tee joint 21, the tank outlet tee joint 22, the booster tee joint 23, the booster pump 24, the high-pressure pipeline 25 and the peristaltic valve 31;
the data recording system includes: the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor 26, the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor 27, the vortex flowmeter 16, the data recorder 28, the sapphire window 29 and the size detector 30 are used for realizing real-time detection and recording of temperature and pressure parameters and size parameters of the whole testing device.
The pressure-bearing cylinder temperature and pressure assembly consists of a pressure-bearing cylinder 1, a fracturing ball 8 and a ball seat sealing surface 9, wherein the ball seat sealing surface 9 is arranged in the pressure-bearing cylinder 1, the fracturing ball 8 is positioned on the ball seat sealing surface 9, the fracturing ball 8 can be made of various materials and can be made of fracturing balls with soluble characteristics, the ball seat sealing surface 9 can be made of various forms of concave surfaces, convex surfaces and conical surfaces, and the simulation of various fracturing ball sealing structures can be realized; the outside of the pressure-bearing cylinder 1 is sequentially provided with the hydraulic cylinder 4, the heating sleeve 5 and the sapphire window 29, confining pressure can be applied to the pressure-bearing cylinder 1 through the hydraulic cylinder 4, the temperature of the pressure-bearing cylinder 1 can be raised through the heating sleeve 5, simulation of the operation working condition of the fracturing ball in a shaft can be realized, the sealing pressure of the fracturing ball and the sealing structure under the operation working condition is tested, the applicability of the fracturing ball under different operation working conditions and operation parameters is evaluated, and dynamic regulation and control of the operation pressure are realized.
The pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly comprises an upper plug 2, a lower plug 3 and a pressure-bearing cylinder 1 to form a closed system, wherein one end of the upper plug 2 is in air-tight threaded connection with the upper part of the pressure-bearing cylinder 1, the other end of the upper plug is provided with an upper sealing compression ring 10, and the upper plug is connected with a pressure-increasing valve 12 through an upper plug straight-through joint 6; one end of the lower plug 3 is in air-tight threaded connection with the lower part of the pressure-bearing cylinder 1, the other end of the lower plug is provided with a lower sealing compression ring 11, and the lower plug is connected with a pressure release valve 15 through a lower plug straight-through joint 7; the pressurizing valve 12 can be used for pressurizing the closed system by passing gas-liquid phase fluid into the pressure-bearing cylinder 1; the gas-liquid phase fluid in the pressure-bearing cylinder can be discharged through the pressure release valve 15; the method is characterized in that the application of the conditions of the flowing in, the temperature and the pressure of the fluid in the closed system is realized, the influence of the flowing fluid on the size and the sealing performance of the fracturing ball 8 under the set temperature and pressure conditions is tested, and the applicability of the fracturing ball 8 under the working conditions of the temperature, the pressure and the fluid is evaluated.
The fluid circulation assembly comprises a liquid storage tank 18, a peristaltic pump 14 and a booster pump 24; an inlet tee joint 21 is arranged at the inlet of the liquid storage tank 18, and the inlet tee joint 21 is respectively connected with a fluid pressure relief check valve 17 and a liquid injection valve 19; the fluid pressure relief check valve 17 is connected with the pressure relief valve 15; the fluid pressure release check valve 17 realizes the unidirectional flow of leakage fluid to the liquid storage tank 18, and the liquid injection valve 19 realizes the injection and replacement of working fluid into the liquid storage tank 18; an outlet tee joint 22 is arranged at the outlet of the liquid storage tank 18, and the outlet tee joint 22 is respectively connected with a liquid discharge valve 20 and a peristaltic valve 31; peristaltic valve 31 is connected to peristaltic pump 14; peristaltic pump 14 is connected with fluid pressurizing one-way valve 13; the peristaltic pump 14 realizes the unidirectional circulation flow of the fluid to the pressurizing tee 23 through the fluid pressurizing one-way valve 13; the simulation realizes the circulation flow of the internal high-pressure fluid of the pressure-bearing cylinder 1 under the conditions of different temperatures and confining pressures in the operation process; the booster pump 24 is connected with the booster tee 23; the pressurizing tee joint 23 is also respectively connected with the fluid pressurizing one-way valve 13 and the pressurizing valve 12 on the high-pressure pipeline 25; the booster pump 24 pressurizes the pressure-receiving cylinder 1 by fluid in the high-pressure line 25.
The data recording system consists of a pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor 26, a leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor 27, a vortex flowmeter 16, a size detector 30 and a data recorder 28, wherein the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor 26 is arranged in the cavity of the upper plug 2 and can detect the temperature and pressure of fluid applied to the upper part of the fracturing ball 8 in real time; the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor 27 is arranged in the lower plug 3 and can detect the pressure and temperature of fluid leaked through the fracturing ball 8 in real time; the vortex flowmeter 16 is arranged between the pressure relief valve 15 and the fluid pressure relief check valve 17, and the vortex flowmeter 16 can detect the flow of leakage fluid in the whole working period in real time; the size detector 30 is arranged at the sapphire window 29 and can detect the diameter of the fracturing ball 8 in real time; the data recorder 28 is respectively connected with the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor 26, the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor 27, the vortex flowmeter 16 and the size detector 30, monitors and records temperature and pressure parameter size, fluid leakage flow rate size and fracturing ball size data in real time, and draws a test curve.
The invention also discloses a fracturing operation pressure dynamic regulation and control method based on the device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the working condition parameters and the fracturing operation parameters of the fracturing section, the temperature T and the confining pressure P of the stratum of the target well section are defined p The density rho of fracturing fluid, the working well depth H and the working pressure P 0 Determining the original diameter R of the fracturing ball and determining the soaking time t of the fracturing ball in the operation process 1 Pressure-bearing time t 2 Fracturing fluid dissolution time t 3 Clear water dissolution time t 4 ；
S2: the fracturing ball 8 is placed in the pressure-bearing cylinder 1, sealing between the fracturing ball and the ball seat sealing surface 9 is kept, the upper end part and the lower end part of the pressure-bearing cylinder 1 are respectively in threaded connection with the upper plug 2 and the lower plug 3, a pressure-bearing cavity warm-pressing sensor 26 and a leakage cavity warm-pressing sensor 27 are respectively fixed on the inner walls of the upper plug 2 and the lower plug 3, and the upper plug 2 is connected with a high-pressure pipeline 25, a pressure increasing valve 12, a pressure increasing tee joint 23, a pressure increasing pump 24, a fluid pressure increasing one-way valve 13 and a peristaltic pump 14 through an upper sealing compression ring 10 and an upper plug straight joint 6; the lower plug 3 is connected with a vortex flowmeter 16, a fluid pressure relief one-way valve 17, a tank inlet tee joint 21, a liquid injection valve 19, a liquid storage tank 18, a tank outlet tee joint 22, a liquid discharge valve 20, a peristaltic valve 31 and a peristaltic pump 14 through a lower sealing compression ring 11 and a lower plug straight-through joint 7;
s3: the working fracturing fluid is injected into the liquid storage tank 18 through the liquid injection valve 19, the peristaltic valve 31 is opened, the peristaltic pump 14 is started to pump the fracturing fluid into the pressure-bearing cylinder 1, and the confining pressure P is applied to the pressure-bearing cylinder 1 through the hydraulic cylinder 4 p The pressure-bearing cylinder 1 is heated to a temperature T through the heating sleeve 5; the size probe 30 is opened and the initial diameter R of the frac ball 8 is measured through the sapphire window 29 0 Setting a data recorder 28 to record relevant experimental parameters;
s4: at temperature T and confining pressure P p Under the condition of the liquid column pressure rho g H of the fracturing fluid, carrying out fracturing ball dissolution performance test until the soaking time reaches t 1 The diameter of the fracturing ball 8 is detected every 10 minutes during the period, the leakage Q' is continuously detected through the vortex flowmeter 16, and the temperature T and the confining pressure P are drawn p Fracturing fluid column pressure rho g under H conditions fracturing ball 8 diameter R ', leakage Q' and soaking time t 1 Is a relationship of (2);
s5: maintaining temperature T and confining pressure P p The booster pump 24 is started to increase the internal pressure of the pressure-bearing cylinder 1 to the working pressure P 0 Carrying out fracturing ball bearing capacity experiment until bearing time reaches t 2 The temperature T and the confining pressure P can be adjusted according to the working condition during the period p And working pressure P 0 The temperature and pressure alternation is carried out, meanwhile, the diameter of the fracturing ball 8 is detected every 10 minutes, the leakage quantity Q' is continuously detected through the vortex flowmeter 16, and the temperature T and the confining pressure P are drawn p Pressure P of fracturing fluid operation 0 Diameter R ', leakage Q', and bearing time t of fracturing ball 8 under alternating conditions 2 Is a relationship of (2);
s6: maintaining temperature T and confining pressure P p Working pressure P 0 The fracturing fluid dissolution experiment after the fracturing ball bearing is carried out until the dissolution time reaches t 3 The diameter of the fracturing ball 8 was measured every 5 minutes during this period, and the leak Q 'was continuously measured by the vortex flowmeter 16' 1 Drawing temperature T and confining pressure P p Working pressure P 0 Under the condition, the diameter R 'of the fracturing ball 8' 1 Leakage quantity Q' 1 And dissolution time t 3 Is a relationship of (2);
s7: the fracturing fluid is discharged through a liquid discharge valve 20, clean water is injected through a liquid injection valve 19, and a peristaltic pump 14 is started to repeatedly and circularly clean the pressure-bearing cylinder 1, the high-pressure pipeline 25 and all parts of the device;
s8: at temperature T and confining pressure P p Is carried out under the condition of clear waterClean water dissolution experiment after fracturing ball bearing until dissolution time reaches t 4 The diameter of the fracturing ball 8 was measured every 5 minutes during this period, and the leak Q 'was continuously measured by the vortex flowmeter 16' 2 Drawing temperature T and confining pressure P p Fracture ball 8 diameter R 'under clean water condition' 2 Leakage quantity Q' 2 And dissolution time t 4 Is a relationship of (2);
s9: according to the temperature and pressure field of the target well, selecting a series of different temperatures T and confining pressures P p Repeating steps S1-S4 to obtain series temperature T and confining pressure P p Under the condition of soaking time t 1 In the experimental period of (1), the change relation curve of the diameter R ' and the leakage quantity Q ' of the fracturing ball is calculated, and the change rate epsilon of the diameter of the fracturing ball is = [ (R-R ')/R)]100% of the total weight of the fracturing balls, and evaluating the dissolubility and sealing performance of the fracturing balls under different temperature and pressure conditions;
s10: according to the fracturing operation parameters, selecting a series of different operation pressures P 0 Repeating step S5 to obtain series temperature T and confining pressure P p Working pressure P 0 Under the condition of pressure-bearing time t 2 In the experimental period, the variation relation curve of the diameter R 'of the fracturing ball and the leakage quantity Q';
s11: repeating step S6 to obtain series temperature T and confining pressure P p Working pressure P 0 Under the condition, the dissolution time t of the fracturing fluid 3 In the experimental period, the diameter R 'of the fracturing ball' 1 Leakage quantity Q' 1 Is a change relation curve of (a);
s12: repeating steps S7-S8 to obtain series temperature T and confining pressure P p Under the condition of clear water, clear water dissolution time t 4 In the experimental period, the diameter R 'of the fracturing ball' 2 Leakage quantity Q' 2 Is a change relation curve of (a);
s13: calculating soaking time t 1 Pressure-bearing time t 2 Dissolution time t of fracturing fluid 3 Time t of dissolution in clear water 4 The diameter change rate epsilon of the fracturing ball and the leakage quantity are drawn in the experimental period 1 、ε 2 、ε 3 And epsilon 4 And leakage quantity Q ', Q ', Q ' 1 、Q′ 2 And working pressure P 0 Is a relationship of (2);
s14: drawing a dynamic attenuation curve of critical sealing pressure of the fracturing ball along with operation time, establishing a numerical relation between a sealing pressure attenuation value of the fracturing ball and the operation time, and preparing a dynamic pressure regulation operation system, so that the fracturing ball is effectively sealed in the whole service period, and the fracturing operation efficacy is fully exerted.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a fracturing ball sealing performance testing arrangement which characterized in that includes: the pressure-bearing cylinder temperature and pressure assembly, the pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly, the fluid circulation assembly and the data recording system;
the pressure-bearing barrel temperature and pressure assembly realizes simulation of a fracturing ball sealing structure and operation conditions;
the pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly realizes the sealing state and pressure-bearing test of the pressure-bearing cylinder warm-pressing assembly;
the fluid circulation assembly realizes the circulation flow of high-temperature and high-pressure fluid between the pressure-bearing cylinder temperature-pressure assembly and the outside;
the data recording system realizes real-time detection and recording of temperature and pressure parameters and size parameters of the whole testing device;
the pressure-bearing barrel warm-pressing assembly comprises a pressure-bearing barrel (1), a fracturing ball (8) and a ball seat sealing surface (9);
the outside of the pressure-bearing cylinder (1) is sequentially provided with a hydraulic cylinder (4) and a heating sleeve (5), confining pressure is applied to the pressure-bearing cylinder (1) through the hydraulic cylinder (4), the temperature of the pressure-bearing cylinder (1) can be raised through the heating sleeve (5), the simulation of the operation condition of the fracturing ball in the pressure-bearing cylinder (1) is realized, and the operation condition and the sealing pressure of the fracturing ball and the sealing structure under parameters are tested;
a ball seat sealing surface (9) is arranged in the pressure-bearing cylinder (1), the fracturing ball (8) is a fracturing ball with a dissolvable characteristic, and the fracturing ball (8) is positioned on the ball seat sealing surface (9) to realize the simulation of a fracturing ball sealing structure;
the pressure-bearing cylinder (1) is also provided with a sapphire window (29);
the pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly comprises an upper plug (2) and a lower plug (3);
one end of the upper plug (2) is in air-tight threaded connection with the upper part of the pressure-bearing cylinder (1), the other end of the upper plug is provided with an upper sealing compression ring (10), and the upper plug is connected with a pressure-increasing valve (12) through an upper plug straight-through joint (6); the pressurizing valve (12) is used for pressurizing the pressure-bearing cylinder sealing assembly through gas-liquid phase fluid in the pressure-bearing cylinder (1);
one end of the lower plug (3) is in air-tight threaded connection with the lower part of the pressure-bearing cylinder (1), the other end of the lower plug is provided with a lower sealing compression ring (11), and the lower plug is connected with a pressure release valve (15) through a lower plug straight-through joint (7); discharging the gas-liquid phase fluid in the pressure-bearing cylinder through a pressure release valve (15);
the fluid circulation assembly comprises a liquid storage tank (18), a peristaltic pump (14) and a booster pump (24);
an inlet tee joint (21) is arranged at the inlet of the liquid storage tank (18), and the inlet tee joint (21) is respectively connected with a fluid pressure relief check valve (17) and a liquid injection valve (19); the fluid pressure relief check valve (17) is connected with the pressure relief valve (15); the fluid pressure release check valve (17) realizes the unidirectional flow of leakage fluid to the liquid storage tank (18), and the liquid injection valve (19) realizes the injection and replacement of working fluid into the liquid storage tank (18);
an outlet tee joint (22) is arranged at the outlet of the liquid storage tank (18), and the outlet tee joint (22) is respectively connected with a liquid discharge valve (20) and a peristaltic valve (31); the peristaltic valve (31) is connected with the peristaltic pump (14);
the peristaltic pump (14) is connected with the fluid pressurizing one-way valve (13); the peristaltic pump (14) is used for realizing unidirectional circulating flow of fluid to the pressurizing tee joint (23) through the fluid pressurizing one-way valve (13); the simulation realizes the circulation flow of the internal high-pressure fluid of the pressure-bearing cylinder (1) under the conditions of different temperatures and confining pressures in the operation process;
the booster pump (24) is connected with the booster tee joint (23); the pressurizing tee joint (23) is also respectively connected with a fluid pressurizing one-way valve (13) and a pressurizing valve (12) on a high-pressure pipeline (25); the booster pump (24) boosts the pressure-bearing cylinder (1) through the fluid in the high-pressure pipeline (25).
2. The fracturing ball sealing performance testing device of claim 1, wherein: the data recording system comprises a pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor (26), a leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor (27), a vortex flowmeter (16), a size detector (30) and a data recorder (28);
the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor (26) is arranged in the cavity of the upper plug (2) and is used for detecting the temperature and pressure of fluid applied to the upper part of the fracturing ball (8) in real time;
the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor (27) is arranged in the lower plug (3) and is used for detecting the pressure and the temperature of the fluid leaked by the fracturing ball (8) in real time;
the vortex flowmeter (16) is arranged between the pressure relief valve (15) and the fluid pressure relief check valve (17) and is used for detecting the flow of leakage fluid in the whole working period in real time;
the size detector (30) is arranged at the sapphire window (29) and is used for detecting the diameter of the fracturing ball (8) in real time;
the data recorder (28) is respectively connected with the pressure-bearing cavity temperature and pressure sensor (26), the leakage cavity temperature and pressure sensor (27), the vortex flowmeter (16) and the size detector (30), and monitors and records temperature and pressure parameters, fluid leakage amount and fracturing ball size data curves in real time.
3. The method for dynamically regulating and controlling the operation pressure of the fracturing ball sealing performance testing device according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the following steps:
s1: according to the working condition parameters and the fracturing operation parameters of the fracturing section, the temperature T and the confining pressure P of the stratum of the target well section are defined p The density rho of fracturing fluid, the working well depth H and the working pressure P 0 Determining the original diameter R of the fracturing ball and determining the soaking time t of the fracturing ball in the operation process 1 Pressure-bearing time t 2 Fracturing fluid dissolution time t 3 Clear water dissolution time t 4 ；
S2: placing a fracturing ball (8) into the pressure-bearing cylinder (1) to keep sealing with the sealing surface (9) of the ball seat;
s3: the fracturing fluid for operation is injected into the liquid storage tank (18) through the liquid injection valve (19), the peristaltic valve (31) is opened, the peristaltic pump (14) is started to pump the fracturing fluid into the pressure-bearing cylinder (1), and the confining pressure P is applied to the pressure-bearing cylinder (1) through the hydraulic cylinder (4) p The pressure-bearing cylinder (1) is heated to the temperature T through the heating sleeve (5); the size detector (30) is opened, and the initial diameter R of the fracturing ball (8) is measured through the sapphire window (29) 0 Setting a data recorder (28) to record the relevant real timeChecking parameters;
s4: at temperature T and confining pressure P p Under the condition of the liquid column pressure rho g H of the fracturing fluid, carrying out fracturing ball dissolution performance test until the soaking time reaches t 1 The diameter of the fracturing ball (8) is detected every 10 minutes during the period, the leakage quantity Q' is continuously detected through the vortex flowmeter (16), and the temperature T and the confining pressure P are drawn p Diameter R 'of fracturing ball (8), leakage Q' and soaking time t under the condition of fracturing fluid column pressure rho g H 1 Is a relationship of (2);
s5: maintaining temperature T and confining pressure P p The booster pump (24) is started to increase the internal pressure of the pressure-bearing cylinder (1) to the working pressure P 0 Carrying out fracturing ball bearing capacity experiment until bearing time reaches t 2 The temperature T and the confining pressure P can be adjusted according to the working condition during the period p And working pressure P 0 The temperature and pressure alternation is carried out, the diameter of the fracturing ball (8) is detected every 10 minutes, the leakage quantity Q' is continuously detected through the vortex flowmeter (16), and the temperature T and the confining pressure P are drawn p Pressure P of fracturing fluid operation 0 Diameter R ', leakage Q', and bearing time t of fracturing ball (8) under alternating conditions 2 Is a relationship of (2);
s6: maintaining temperature T and confining pressure P p Working pressure P 0 The fracturing fluid dissolution experiment after the fracturing ball bearing is carried out until the dissolution time reaches t 3 The diameter of the fracturing ball (8) is detected every 5 minutes during the process, and the leakage quantity Q 'is continuously detected through the vortex flowmeter (16)' 1 Drawing temperature T and confining pressure P p Working pressure P 0 Diameter R 'of fracturing ball (8) under condition' 1 Leakage quantity Q' 1 And dissolution time t 3 Is a relationship of (2);
s7: clean fracturing fluid is discharged through a liquid discharge valve (20), clean water is injected through a liquid injection valve (19), and a peristaltic pump (14) is started to repeatedly and circularly clean the pressure-bearing cylinder (1), the high-pressure pipeline (25) and all parts of the device;
s8: at temperature T and confining pressure P p Under the clean water condition, carrying out clean water dissolution experiment after fracturing ball bearing until the dissolution time reaches t 4 The diameter of the fracturing ball (8) is detected every 5 minutes during the process, and the diameter is continuously detected by a vortex flowmeter (16)Leakage quantity Q' 2 Drawing temperature T and confining pressure P p Diameter R 'of fracturing ball (8) under clean water condition' 2 Leakage quantity Q' 2 And dissolution time t 4 Is a relationship of (2);
s9: according to the temperature and pressure field of the target well, selecting a series of different temperatures T and confining pressures P p Repeating steps S1-S4 to obtain series temperature T and confining pressure P p Under the condition of soaking time t 1 In the experimental period of (1), the change relation curve of the diameter R ' and the leakage quantity Q ' of the fracturing ball is calculated, and the change rate epsilon of the diameter of the fracturing ball is = [ (R-R ')/R)]100% of the total weight of the fracturing balls, and evaluating the dissolubility and sealing performance of the fracturing balls under different temperature and pressure conditions;
s10: according to the fracturing operation parameters, selecting a series of different operation pressures P 0 Repeating step S5 to obtain series temperature T and confining pressure P p Working pressure P 0 Under the condition of pressure-bearing time t 2 In the experimental period, the variation relation curve of the diameter R 'of the fracturing ball and the leakage quantity Q';
s11: repeating step S6 to obtain series temperature T and confining pressure P p Working pressure P 0 Under the condition, the dissolution time t of the fracturing fluid 3 In the experimental period, the diameter R 'of the fracturing ball' 1 Leakage quantity Q' 1 Is a change relation curve of (a);
s12: repeating steps S7-S8 to obtain series temperature T and confining pressure P p Under the condition of clear water, clear water dissolution time t 4 In the experimental period, the diameter R 'of the fracturing ball' 2 Leakage quantity Q' 2 Is a change relation curve of (a);
s13: calculating soaking time t 1 Pressure-bearing time t 2 Dissolution time t of fracturing fluid 3 Time t of dissolution in clear water 4 The diameter change rate epsilon of the fracturing ball and the leakage quantity are drawn in the experimental period 1 、ε 2 、ε 3 And epsilon 4 And leakage quantity Q ', Q ', Q ' 1 、Q′ 2 And working pressure P 0 Is a relationship of (2);
s14: drawing a dynamic attenuation curve of critical sealing pressure of the fracturing ball along with operation time, establishing a numerical relation between a sealing pressure attenuation value of the fracturing ball and the operation time, and preparing a dynamic pressure regulation operation system, so that the fracturing ball is effectively sealed in the whole service period, and the fracturing operation efficacy is fully exerted.
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