CN113794292B - Single-phase rotary proportional electromagnet - Google Patents

Abstract

The single-phase rotary proportional electromagnet comprises a stator, wherein a front end cover and a rear end cover are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the stator, a rotor is arranged in the stator, an output shaft is arranged on the rotor, the output shaft is connected with a reset torsion spring, and the stator consists of a first stator, a second stator, a third stator and a fourth stator which are coaxially arranged; n rotor teeth are uniformly distributed on the rotor along the circumferential direction, the rotor teeth form rotor magnetic surfaces, and each rotor magnetic surface and the stator magnetic surface form a working air gap; symmetrical grooves are formed between the second stator and the third stator along the interface, the grooves are buckled and spliced with each other in a reverse mode to form an annular groove, a magnetism isolating ring is placed in the annular groove, and a control coil is wound on the magnetism isolating ring to form control magnetic flux; first permanent magnets and second permanent magnets are respectively placed between the first stator and the second stator and between the third stator and the fourth stator to form polarized magnetic flux. The invention can obtain a torque angle characteristic curve close to the horizontal, and can obtain the position control characteristic of proportion after a reset torsion spring is additionally arranged.

Description

Single-phase rotary proportional solenoid

technical field

The invention relates to an electro-mechanical converter for electro-hydraulic digital valves in the field of fluid transmission and control, in particular to a single-phase rotary proportional electromagnet.

Background technique

The rotary valve is a kind of reversing valve that uses the rotary motion to change the relative position of the valve core and the valve sleeve, so as to change the flow path inside the rotary valve, and finally realize the opening and closing or reversing of the flow path. Rotary valves can be driven manually, mechanically or directly by motors, motors and rotating electromagnets for precise servo/proportional control. Compared with spool valve or poppet valve, rotary valve has the advantages of high reliability, simple structure, high working frequency, and strong resistance to oil pollution. It can be widely used in hydraulic systems of high-speed switching, high-speed excitation and high-speed reversing. , especially when the number of throttle grooves of the spool valve sleeve is large, the single-stage rotary valve can obtain a larger rated flow than the multi-stage spool valve. However, in the existing electro-hydraulic servo/proportional control system, the application of rotary valve is far less extensive than that of slide valve. The reasons are: first, the processing of the throttle groove/window of the rotary valve is more complicated, and the second is that the rotary electromagnet used to drive the rotary valve is much more difficult to obtain proportional control characteristics than the direct-acting proportional electromagnet. Magnetic ring structure, the magnetic circuit is divided into two axial and radial paths at the magnetic isolation ring during excitation, and the horizontal stroke-thrust characteristics required by proportional control can be obtained after synthesis. It is not a big problem in mass automated production, and the rotating electromagnet often needs to be specially optimized for the shape of the stator teeth and rotor teeth to obtain a relatively flat torque-angle characteristic, which greatly limits its practical application.

In order to popularize and apply rotary valves in electro-hydraulic servo/proportional systems, a lot of research has been done on the optimization of the magnetic circuit topology and moment-angle characteristics of rotating electromagnets. Torque motors, which are widely used in nozzle flapper valves and jet tube servo valves, can also obtain proportional position control characteristics through reasonable design of elastic elements. However, because their magnetic circuits are based on axial air gaps, it is difficult to obtain large working angle. The improved torque motor based on the radial working air gap proposed by Montagu of General Inspection Company of the United States further expands its working angle range, and it has positive electromagnetic stiffness, which can obtain proportional position control characteristics without adding elastic elements. . In order to obtain a flat moment-angle characteristic curve, Hitachi's Fumio specially designed the shape of the permanent magnets on the rotor of the moving magnet torque motor. This compensates for the torque ripple associated with the rotation of the rotor. The permanent magnet torque motor designed by Jiro Jinto of Denso Company in Japan, the two magnetic surfaces composed of discrete permanent magnets are asymmetrically arranged on the outside of the rotating shaft in the manner of a difference of half the magnetic surface angle, so as to compensate for the outer circumference of the polygonal magnetic surface. The resulting torque ripple can be obtained to obtain a smooth torque-angle characteristic. Cui Jian et al. of Zhejiang University proposed a dynamic magnetic rotary proportional electromagnet based on radial working air gap, which is based on differential magnetic circuit and has positive electromagnetic stiffness, but its structure is complex, which is not conducive to industrial application and large-scale mass production. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing rotating electromagnets, such as difficulty in obtaining horizontal torque-angle characteristics, complex structure and unfavorable industrialization, application and large-scale mass production, the present invention provides a single-phase single-phase structure with horizontal torque-angle characteristics and simple structure. Rotary proportional solenoid.

The basic principle of the present invention is as follows: the general rotary electro-mechanical converter in the working process with the rotation of the rotor (the stator and the rotor are gradually aligned), the output torque will decrease, that is, the slope of its torque-angle characteristic curve is negative. Therefore, in the present invention, the shape of the stator teeth is specially designed, the stator teeth are designed as pointed stator teeth 51, and the magnetic saturation degree of the tooth tips is controlled by changing the shape of the stator tooth tips, so that with the rotation of the rotor, the rotor teeth The lateral magnetic flux generated by the side that drives the rotor to rotate remains unchanged. After reasonable parameter optimization, a near-horizontal moment-angle characteristic curve can be obtained, and a proportional position control characteristic can be obtained by adding a return torsion spring.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows: a single-phase rotary proportional electromagnet includes a stator, a front end cover and a rear end cover are respectively installed on the front and rear sides of the stator, a rotor is installed in the stator, an output shaft is installed on the rotor, and the output shaft is connected with a reset torque Spring, the axis lines of the stator, the rotor and the output shaft are collinear; the stator is composed of the first stator, the second stator, the third stator and the fourth stator arranged coaxially, and N uniformly distributed around the circumference of each stator ring Pointed stator teeth, the tooth tips of the stator teeth extend clockwise or counterclockwise in the circumferential direction of the stator; the first stator and the fourth stator have the same shape, the second stator and the third stator have the same shape, and the stator teeth form the stator magnetic surface;

The stator teeth of the first stator and the second stator are axially aligned, and the stator teeth of the third stator and the fourth stator are axially aligned; there are symmetrical grooves along the interface between the second stator and the third stator, which are opposite to each other. The buckle is assembled to form an annular groove, the annular groove is placed with a magnetic isolation ring, and a control coil is wound on the magnetic isolation ring to form a control magnetic flux; between the first stator and the second stator, and between the third stator and the fourth stator The first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet form a polarized magnetic flux;

The rotor is uniformly distributed with N rotor teeth along the circumferential direction, the rotor teeth form a rotor magnetic surface, and each rotor magnetic surface forms a working air gap with the stator magnetic surface;

The tooth tips of the first stator and the second stator are in the same direction, and both are clockwise; the tooth tips of the third stator and the fourth stator are in the same direction, and both are counterclockwise; the first stator and the second stator are in the same direction. The stator teeth of the stator lag behind the rotor teeth by an angle clockwise, and the stator teeth of the third and fourth stators lead the rotor teeth clockwise by the same angle.

Preferably, the return torsion spring includes a spring, a coupling and a spring cover, the spring cover is connected to the front end cover, the spring is mounted on the spring cover, the coupling is mounted on the spring, and the rear end of the output shaft is fixed on the In the center hole of the coupling; the output shaft is fixed on the rotor.

Preferably, the first stator, the second stator, the third stator and the fourth stator ring have 12 stator magnetic surfaces evenly distributed around the circumference, each stator magnetic surface is separated by 30°, and the rotor has 12 evenly distributed along the circumference Rotor magnetic surface, each rotor magnetic surface is separated by 30°;

Preferably, the rotor teeth of the first stator and the second stator lag behind the rotor teeth by 1/4 pitch angle in the clockwise direction, and the third stator and the fourth stator lead the rotor teeth by 1/4 pitch angle.

Preferably, the rotor adopts a hollow cup structure, the front end cover, the magnetic isolation ring, the rear end cover and the output shaft are made of non-magnetic metal materials, while the rotor, the first stator, the second stator, the third The stator and the fourth stator are made of metal soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) Using a special stator tooth shape, the stator teeth are designed as sharp teeth. The invention controls the magnetic saturation degree at the tooth tip by designing the shape of the stator teeth, and can obtain a near-horizontal moment-angle characteristic curve through reasonable parameter optimization, and can obtain a proportional position control characteristic after adding a reset torsion spring.

(2) Axial magnetic circuit symmetrical structure is adopted. Compared with the asymmetric axial magnetic circuit structure, no matter clockwise or counterclockwise, the pitch angle characteristics remain symmetrical, which ensures the working accuracy of the proportional electromagnet.

(3) The response speed is fast and the output torque is large. Compared with the circular simple structure of other rotary proportional electromagnet rotors, the rotor of the solution provided by the present invention is of hollow cup structure, and the moment of inertia is small, which is beneficial to obtain a higher dynamic response speed. The multi-magnetic surface structure design is beneficial to improve the output torque.

(4) Single-coil excitation is adopted, and the control is simple. Compared with the dual-phase excitation structure, the single coil can effectively reduce the complexity of the drive circuit and make the control simpler.

(5) Simple structure and low cost. Compared with other rotary proportional electromagnets, the solution provided by the present invention has fewer parts, easy processing and assembly, and low manufacturing cost, which is beneficial to practical industrial application and mass production.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the assembly schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the rotor structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the reset torsion spring of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the front end cover structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the rotor of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the first stator structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the magnetic isolation ring structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the second stator structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rear end cover of the present invention;

Figure 11a is a schematic view of the assembly of the first stator and rotor of the present invention;

Figure 11b is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the third stator and rotor of the present invention;

Figure 12a is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention, the control coil is not energized;

Figure 12b is an enlarged view of the magnetic circuit at the air gap between the first stator and the rotor;

Figure 12c is an enlarged view of the magnetic circuit at the air gap between the second stator and the rotor;

Figure 12d is an enlarged view of the magnetic circuit at the air gap between the third stator and the rotor;

Figure 12e is an enlarged view of the magnetic circuit at the air gap between the fourth stator and the rotor;

13 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention, and the control coil is connected to a forward current;

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention, and the control coil passes the reverse current.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the patent of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that when the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" appear. The orientation or positional relationship indicated by ” and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, a specific orientation, and a specific orientation. The orientation configuration and operation of the device should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," as they appear, are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a Removable connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

1 to 14, the single-phase rotary proportional electromagnet, the front and rear sides of the stator are respectively equipped with a front end cover 3 and a rear end cover 12, a rotor 4 is installed in the stator, an output shaft 1 is installed on the rotor 4, and the output shaft 1 is connected Return torsion spring 2.

The stator of the present invention is composed of a first stator 5, a second stator 8, a third stator 9 and a fourth stator 11 arranged coaxially, and 12 pointed stator teeth 51 are evenly distributed around the circumference of each stator ring. The tips extend clockwise or counterclockwise toward the circumference of the stator, and the stator teeth form stator magnetic surfaces 14 . The magnetic surfaces 14 of all stators have the same shape, and each stator magnetic surface 14 is separated by 30°. The first stator 5 and the fourth stator 11 have the same shape, and the second stator 8 and the third stator 9 have the same shape. The stator teeth of the first stator 5 and the second stator 8 are axially aligned, and the stator teeth of the third stator 9 and the fourth stator 11 are axially aligned, which is beneficial to increase the output torque. Between the stator 8 and the stator 9, there are symmetrical grooves along the interface, which are assembled to form an annular groove 81. The annular groove is placed with a magnetic isolation ring 7, and a control coil is wound on the magnetic isolation ring 7 to form a control magnetic flux. A first permanent magnet 6 and a second permanent magnet 10 are respectively placed between the first stator 5 and the second stator 8 and between the third stator 9 and the fourth stator 11 to form a polarized magnetic flux.

The rotor 4 has 12 rotor teeth 41 evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, the rotor teeth form a rotor magnetic surface 42, and each rotor magnetic surface and the stator magnetic surface form a working air gap. In order to enable the electromagnet to rotate in both directions, it is necessary to change the axial placement of the stator and the staggered teeth. The placement method is as follows: the tooth tips of the stator teeth of the first stator 5 and the second stator 8 are in the same direction, as shown in Figure 11a, both are clockwise; the tooth tips of the stator teeth of the third stator 9 and the fourth stator 11 are in the same direction , as shown in Figure 11b, are all counterclockwise. As shown in Figures 11a-11b, the stator teeth of the first stator and the second stator lag behind the rotor teeth by 1/4 pitch angle, and the stator teeth of the third stator and the fourth stator lead the rotor teeth by 1/4. 4 pitch angles. The front end cover 3, the rear end cover 12 and the output shaft 1 are made of non-magnetic metal materials, while the rotor 1, the first stator 5, the second stator 8, the third stator 9 and the fourth stator 11 are made of high It is made of metal soft magnetic material with magnetic permeability.

The rotor adopts a hollow cup structure, which reduces the moment of inertia and helps to increase the response speed.

The return torsion spring 2 includes a spring 21, a coupling 22 and a spring cover 23, the spring cover 23 is connected to the front end cover 3, the spring 21 is installed on the spring cover 23, the coupling 22 is installed on the spring 21, and the output shaft 1 The rear end of the shaft is fixed in the center hole of the coupling 22 , and the output shaft 1 is fixed on the rotor 4 . When the rotary torque motor rotates clockwise and counterclockwise, since the torque motor does not have the characteristic of negative spring stiffness, it is necessary to add a return torsion spring 2 to make the rotor return to the neutral position.

As shown in Figure 12a, when the control coil is not energized, only the polarized magnetic fluxes generated by the permanent magnet 6 and the permanent magnet 10 in the air gap, and the magnetic flux in each working air gap is the same, the positional relationship between the rotor 4 and each stator Likewise, the rotor 4 is in the neutral initial position.

12b to 12e respectively show the working air gaps δ ₁ , δ 1 and Magnified diagram of the magnetic circuit at δ ₂ , δ ₃ and δ ₄ , the magnetic flux is mainly composed of the forward magnetic flux perpendicular to the magnetic surface of the stator tooth and the magnetic surface of the rotor tooth and the lateral direction between the magnetic surface of the stator tooth and the side of the rotor tooth. composed of magnetic flux.

When the control coil 13 passes the forward current as shown in FIG. 13 , the magnetic flux at the working air gap δ ₁ and the working air gap δ ₄ is not affected by the excitation magnetic field of the control coil, and the air gap magnetic flux remains unchanged. The control magnetic flux generated by the control coil at the working air gap δ ₂ and the polarized magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 6 are superimposed in the same direction, and the air gap magnetic flux increases; the control magnetic flux generated by the control coil at the working air gap δ ₃ is the same as The polarized magnetic fluxes generated by the permanent magnets 10 are in opposite directions and cancel each other out, the air-gap magnetic fluxes are reduced, and the rotor 4 rotates counterclockwise under the action of electromagnetic torque. With the rotation of the rotor, the facing area of the magnetic surface of the rotor teeth and the magnetic surface of the stator teeth increases, that is, the rotor teeth and the stator teeth are gradually aligned, and the positive magnetic flux increases; however, due to the special shape of the stator teeth design, the teeth tips of the stator teeth are The magnetic saturation at the position gradually improves with the increase of the area facing the magnetic surface, the total magnetic flux increases, and finally the lateral magnetic flux driving the rotor movement remains unchanged, so that the electromagnet obtains a nearly horizontal moment-angle characteristic, and the output torque can be By controlling the size adjustment of the current, a position control effect proportional to the current can be obtained when used with a linear spring.

When the control coil 13 passes the reverse current as shown in FIG. 14 , the magnetic flux at the working air gap δ ₁ and the working air gap δ ₄ is not affected by the excitation magnetic field of the control coil, and the air gap magnetic flux remains unchanged. The control magnetic flux generated by the control coil at the working air gap δ ₂ and the polarized magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 6 are opposite to each other and cancel each other, and the air gap magnetic flux decreases; the control magnetic flux generated by the control coil at the working air gap δ ₃ is the same as The polarized magnetic fluxes generated by the permanent magnets 10 are in the same direction and superimposed on each other, the air-gap magnetic flux increases, and the rotor 4 rotates clockwise under the action of electromagnetic torque. With the rotation of the rotor, the facing area of the magnetic surface of the rotor teeth and the magnetic surface of the stator teeth increases, that is, the rotor teeth and the stator teeth are gradually aligned, and the positive magnetic flux increases; however, due to the special shape of the stator teeth design, the teeth tips of the stator teeth are The magnetic saturation at the position gradually improves with the increase of the area facing the magnetic surface, the total magnetic flux increases, and finally the lateral magnetic flux driving the rotor movement remains unchanged, so that the electromagnet obtains a nearly horizontal moment-angle characteristic, and the output torque can be By controlling the size adjustment of the current, a position control effect proportional to the current can be obtained when used with a linear spring.

The content described in the embodiments of the present specification is only an enumeration of the realization forms of the inventive concept, and the protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as limited to the specific forms stated in the embodiments, and the protection scope of the present invention also extends to those skilled in the art. Equivalent technical means that can be conceived by a person based on the inventive concept.

Claims (5)

1. The single-phase rotary proportional electromagnet includes a stator. The front and rear sides of the stator are respectively equipped with a front end cover (3) and a rear end cover (12). A rotor (4) is installed in the stator, and an output shaft is installed on the rotor (4). (1), the output shaft (1) is connected to the reset torsion spring (2), and the axis lines of the stator, the rotor and the output shaft (1) are collinear; it is characterized in that: the stator is composed of a coaxially arranged first stator ( 5) The second stator (8), the third stator (9) and the fourth stator (11) are composed of N pointed stator teeth (51) evenly distributed around the circumference of each stator ring, and the teeth tips of the stator teeth (51) Extends clockwise or counterclockwise in the circumferential direction of the stator; the first stator (5) and the fourth stator (11) have the same shape, the second stator (8) and the third stator (9) have the same shape, and the stator teeth (51) form the stator magnetic surface(14); The stator teeth of the first stator (5) and the second stator (8) are axially aligned, and the stator teeth of the third stator (9) and the fourth stator (11) are axially aligned; Symmetrical grooves are opened between the stators (9) along the interface, which are reversed and spliced together to form an annular groove (81), the annular groove (81) is placed with a magnetic isolation ring (7), and the magnetic isolation ring (7) is wound with a control A coil (13) forms a control magnetic flux; a first permanent magnet ( 6) with the second permanent magnet (10) to form a polarized magnetic flux; The rotor (4) is uniformly distributed with N rotor teeth (41) in the circumferential direction, the rotor teeth (41) form a rotor magnetic surface (42), and each rotor magnetic surface (42) forms a work with the stator magnetic surface (14). air gap; The tooth tips of the stator teeth of the first stator (5) and the second stator (8) are in the same direction, and both are clockwise; the tooth tips of the stator teeth of the third stator (9) and the fourth stator (11) are in the same direction, Both are counterclockwise; the stator teeth of the first stator (5) and the second stator (8) are clockwise behind the rotor teeth by an angle, and the stator teeth of the third stator (9) and the fourth stator (11) are clockwise. The hour hand leads the rotor tooth (41) by the same angle. 2. The single-phase rotary proportional electromagnet according to claim 1, wherein the return torsion spring (2) comprises a spring (21), a coupling (22) and a spring cover (23), and the spring The cover plate (23) is connected to the front end cover (3), the spring (21) is installed on the spring cover plate (23), the coupling (22) is installed on the spring (21), and the rear end of the output shaft (1) is fixedly connected In the center hole of the coupling (22); the output shaft (1) is fixedly connected to the rotor (4). 3. The single-phase rotary proportional electromagnet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the first stator (5), the second stator (8), the third stator (9) and the fourth stator (11) There are 12 stator magnetic surfaces (14) evenly distributed around the circumference, and each stator magnetic surface (14) is separated by 30°, and the rotor (4) is evenly distributed with 12 rotor magnetic surfaces (42) in the circumferential direction. The rotor magnetic surfaces (42) are separated by 30°. 4. The single-phase rotary proportional electromagnet according to claim 3, wherein the rotor teeth of the first stator (5) and the second stator (8) lag behind the rotor teeth (41) in a clockwise direction ) 1/4 pitch angle, the third stator (9) and the fourth stator (11) lead the rotor teeth (41) 1/4 pitch angle. 5. The single-phase rotary proportional electromagnet according to claim 4, wherein the rotor (4) adopts a hollow cup structure, the front end cover (3), the magnetic isolation ring (7), the rear end cover (12) and the output shaft (1) are made of non-magnetic metal materials, while the rotor (4), the first stator (5), the second stator (8), the third stator (9) and the fourth stator (11) Made of metal soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability.

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