CN209709911U - Symmetrical permanent magnet unidirectional proportional electromagnet based on air gap compensation - Google Patents

Abstract

The unidirectional proportion electro-magnet of symmetrical magneto based on air-gap compensation, stator front and back side are respectively provided with drive end bearing bracket, rear end cap, and yoke ring even circumferential is distributed N number of double wedge, and double wedge forms yoke magnetic pole, and the magnetic pole of the stator shape on each yoke is identical and axially aligns；Control coil is placed between second yoke and third yoke, forms control magnetic flux；Equipped with first every magnetic patch and the first magnet steel between first yoke, the second yoke；Equipped with second every magnetic patch and the second magnet steel between third yoke and the 4th yoke；First armature and the second armature have been uniformly distributed circumferentially armature magnetic pole, and armature magnetic pole face includes the circumferential flank of tooth and side elevation, and the flank of tooth and yoke magnetic pole form radial air gap；Side elevation is located in one end of the flank of tooth, forms axial air-gap with the side of yoke magnetic pole；Position of the side elevation of the armature magnetic pole of first armature and the second armature on the flank of tooth is reversed, and axial air-gap is made to be symmetrically distributed in the two sides of yoke magnetic pole.

Description

Symmetrical permanent magnet unidirectional proportional electromagnet based on air gap compensation

technical field

The utility model relates to a proportional electromagnet.

Background technique

The rotary valve is a kind of reversing valve that uses the rotary motion to change the relative position of the valve core and the valve sleeve, so as to change the flow path inside the rotary valve, and finally realize the opening and closing or reversing of the flow path. Rotary valves can be driven manually, mechanically or directly by motors, motors and rotating electromagnets for precise servo/proportional control. Compared with spool valve or poppet valve, rotary valve has the advantages of high reliability, simple structure, high working frequency, and strong resistance to oil pollution. It can be widely used in hydraulic systems of high-speed switching, high-speed excitation and high-speed reversing. , especially when the number of throttle grooves of the spool valve sleeve is large, the single-stage rotary valve can obtain a larger rated flow than the multi-stage spool valve. However, in the existing electro-hydraulic servo/proportional control system, the application of rotary valve is far less extensive than that of slide valve. The reasons are: first, the processing of the throttle groove/window of the rotary valve is more complicated, and the second is that the rotary electromagnet used to drive the rotary valve is much more difficult to obtain proportional control characteristics than the direct-acting proportional electromagnet. Magnetic ring structure, the magnetic circuit is divided into two axial and radial paths at the magnetic isolation ring during excitation, and the horizontal stroke-thrust characteristics required by proportional control can be obtained after synthesis. It is not a big problem in mass automated production, and the rotating electromagnet often needs to be specially optimized for the shape of the stator teeth and armature teeth to obtain a relatively flat torque-angle characteristic, which greatly limits its practical application.

In order to popularize and apply rotary valves in electro-hydraulic servo/proportional systems, a lot of research has been done on the optimization of the magnetic circuit topology and moment-angle characteristics of rotating electromagnets. Torque motors, which are widely used in nozzle flapper valves and jet tube servo valves, can also obtain proportional position control characteristics through reasonable design of elastic elements. However, because their magnetic circuits are based on axial air gaps, it is difficult to obtain large working angle. The improved torque motor based on the radial working air gap proposed by Montagu of General Inspection Company of the United States further expands its working angle range, and it has positive electromagnetic stiffness, which can obtain proportional position control characteristics without adding elastic elements. . In order to obtain a flat moment-angle characteristic curve, Hitachi's Fumio specially designed the shape of the magnetic steel on the armature of the moving magnet torque motor. This compensates for the torque ripple associated with the rotation of the armature. The permanent magnet torque motor designed by Jiro Jinto of Denso Company in Japan, the two magnetic poles composed of discrete magnetic steel are asymmetrically arranged on the outside of the rotating shaft in the way of a difference of half the magnetic pole angle, so as to compensate for the outer circumference of the polygonal magnetic poles. Torque pulsation to obtain smooth torque-angle characteristics. The electric excitation torque motor developed by Zhang Guangqiong of Zhejiang University and others has specially designed the shape of the stator magnetic pole and the armature pole surface, and changes the torque angle characteristics of the motor by controlling the magnetic flux saturation at the tip of the stator magnetic pole shoe. Cui Jian et al. proposed a dynamic magnetic rotary proportional electromagnet based on a radial working air gap, which is based on a differential magnetic circuit and has positive electromagnetic stiffness, but its structure is complex, which is not conducive to industrial application and large-scale mass production.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing rotating electromagnets, such as difficulty in obtaining horizontal torque-angle characteristics, complex structure, and unfavorable industrial application and large-scale mass production, the utility model provides a hybrid air gap-based hybrid air gap with horizontal torque-angle characteristics. It is a symmetrical permanent magnet unidirectional proportional electromagnet based on air gap compensation with a simple structure.

The basic principle of the utility model is as follows: the commonly used working air gaps in electro-mechanical converters include radial air gaps and axial air gaps. Increase (the fixed armature is gradually aligned), the output torque will decrease, that is, the slope of its moment-angle characteristic curve is negative; while the axial air gap has a narrow working range, but the output torque increases with the increase of the misalignment angle, that is, its torque The slope of the angular characteristic curve is positive. Therefore, the working air gap of the present invention is divided into two parts, the main working air gap is a radial air gap, and an axial air gap is added on the basis of the radial air gap. The torques generated by the radial air gap and the axial air gap are mutually modulated. After reasonable parameter optimization, a near-horizontal moment-angle characteristic curve can be obtained, and a proportional position control characteristic can be obtained by adding a spring balance mechanism.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model to solve its technical problems is:

Symmetrical permanent magnet one-way proportional electromagnet based on air gap compensation, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the front and rear sides of the stator are respectively equipped with a front end cover 2 and a rear end cover 12, and the stator is equipped with a first armature 3 and a second armature 13. The first armature 3 and the second armature 13 are mounted on the output shaft 1 coaxially. The stator is composed of a first yoke 4, a second yoke 7, a third yoke 8 and a fourth yoke 10 arranged in axial order, the first yoke 4, the second yoke 7, the third yoke The iron 8 and the fourth yoke 10 are evenly distributed with N protruding teeth on the circumference, and the protruding teeth form the yoke magnetic pole 15. The yoke poles 15 have the same shape and are axially aligned, which is beneficial to increase the output torque. The second yoke 7 and the third yoke 8 are respectively provided with symmetrical grooves along the interface, which are assembled to form an annular groove, and the annular groove is placed with the control coil 14 to form a control magnetic flux. A first magnetic isolation block 5 is installed between the first yoke 4 and the second yoke 7; a second magnetic isolation block 9 is installed between the third yoke 8 and the fourth yoke 10; the first yoke 4 and A first magnetic steel 6 is placed between the second yokes 7 , and a second magnetic steel 11 is placed between the third yoke 8 and the fourth yoke 10 for forming a bias magnetic flux.

The first armature 3 and the second armature 13 are coaxially spliced together, the first armature 3 and the second armature 13 are evenly distributed with N armature teeth along the circumferential direction, the armature teeth form the armature magnetic pole, and the armature magnetic pole surface includes a circumferential arc The tooth surface 31 and the side vertical surface 32 of the shape of the tooth surface 31 and the end of the yoke magnetic pole 15 form a radial air gap. The side elevation 32 is located at one end of the tooth surface 31, and the side elevation 32 and the side surface of the yoke magnetic pole 15 form an axial air gap. The side elevation 32 of the armature magnetic pole of the first armature 3 is located at one end of the tooth surface 31, and the side elevation 32 of the armature magnetic pole of the second armature 13 is located at the other end of the tooth surface 31, so that the axial air gap is symmetrically distributed on the yoke magnetic pole 15 sides. In order to make the electromagnet work normally, it is necessary to change the way that the teeth of the armature are staggered in the axial direction, that is, the armature teeth of the second armature 13 need to lead the convex teeth of the yoke by an angle in the clockwise direction, and the armature teeth of the first armature 3 are clockwise. The clockwise direction lags behind the protruding teeth of the yoke by the same amount.

Preferably, the armature adopts a hollow cup structure, which reduces the moment of inertia and helps to increase the corresponding speed. The front end cover 2 and the rear end cover 12, the output shaft 1, the first magnetic isolation block 5 and the second magnetic isolation block 9 are made of non-magnetic metal materials, while the first armature 3, the second armature 13, the The first yoke 4 , the second yoke 7 , the third yoke 8 and the fourth yoke 10 are made of metal soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability.

All armature components and yokes of the present invention have the same axis line and are coaxial with the output shaft 1 . The axial direction in the present invention refers to the axis line of the output shaft 1 .

Preferably, the first yoke 4 , the second yoke 7 , the third yoke 8 and the fourth yoke 10 have 8 yoke poles 15 evenly distributed around the circumference, and each yoke pole 15 is separated by 45°; the first armature 3 and the second armature 13 have 8 armature teeth evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.

Preferably, the armature teeth of the second armature 13 lead the convex teeth of the yoke by 1/4 pitch angle in the clockwise direction, and the armature teeth of the first armature 3 are 1/4 behind the convex teeth of the yoke in the clockwise direction Pitch angle.

The beneficial effects of the present utility model are mainly manifested in:

1. The hybrid working air gap is used to obtain horizontal torque-rotation angle characteristics. The working air gap of the utility model is divided into two parts, the main working air gap is a radial air gap, and an axial air gap is added on the basis of the radial air gap. The torques generated by the radial air gap and the axial air gap are mutually modulated. After reasonable parameter optimization, a near-horizontal moment-angle characteristic curve can be obtained, and a proportional position control characteristic can be obtained by adding a spring balance mechanism.

2. Fast response speed and large output torque. Compared with the cylindrical structure of the armature of other rotary proportional electromagnets, the armature of the solution provided by the present invention is a hollow cup structure, and the moment of inertia is small, which is beneficial to obtain a higher dynamic response speed. The multi-pole structure design is beneficial to improve the output torque.

3. It adopts the symmetrical structure of axial magnetic circuit. Compared with the asymmetrical axial magnetic circuit structure, the moment-angle characteristics remain symmetrical whether it is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise, which ensures the working accuracy of the proportional electromagnet.

4. Using single coil excitation, the control is simple. Compared with the dual-phase excitation structure, the single-coil excitation can effectively reduce the complexity of the drive circuit, and the control is simpler.

5. Simple structure and low cost. Compared with other rotary proportional electromagnets, the solution provided by the utility model has a small number of parts, is easy to process and assemble, and has a low manufacturing cost, which is beneficial to practical industrial application and large-scale mass production.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is the assembly schematic diagram of the present utility model;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the output shaft of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the front end cover structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of the first armature of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the first yoke of the present utility model;

7 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic isolation block of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is the magnetic steel structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;

Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the second yoke of the present invention

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rear end cover of the present invention;

11 is a schematic structural diagram of the second armature of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of moment-angle characteristic curves of radial air gap, axial air gap and mixed air gap;

Fig. 13 is the working principle schematic diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention, and the control coil 14 is fed with current in one direction;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention, and the control coil 14 is fed with current in another direction.

Detailed ways

The present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to Figures 1 to 11, the symmetric permanent magnet unidirectional proportional electromagnet based on air gap compensation, the front and rear sides of the stator are respectively equipped with a front end cover 2 and a rear end cover 12, and a first armature 3 and a second armature 13 are installed in the yoke , the first armature 3 and the second armature 13 are coaxially mounted on the output shaft 1 .

The yoke is composed of a first yoke 4, a second yoke 7, a third yoke 8 and a fourth yoke 10 arranged in axial order, and 8 protruding teeth are evenly distributed around the circumference of each yoke ring, and the protruding teeth form The yoke poles 15, each yoke pole 15 is separated by 45°, the yoke poles 15 on the first yoke 4, the second yoke 7, the third yoke 8 and the fourth yoke 10 have the same shape and are axially aligned , which is beneficial to increase the output torque. The yoke 7 and the yoke 8 are respectively provided with symmetrical grooves along the interface, which are assembled to form an annular groove, and the annular groove is placed with the control coil 14 to form a control magnetic flux. A first magnetic isolation block 5 is installed between the first yoke 4 and the second yoke 7, and the inner ring of the first magnetic isolation block 5 is provided with a first magnetic steel 6; A second magnetic isolation block 9 is arranged between, and a second magnetic steel 11 is arranged in the inner circle of the second magnetic isolation block 9 to form a bias magnetic flux.

The first armature 3 and the second armature 13 are coaxially spliced together. The first armature 3 and the second armature 13 have 8 armature teeth evenly distributed in the radial direction. The armature teeth form an armature magnetic pole, and the end face of each armature magnetic pole includes a circular arc. The tooth surface 31 and the side elevation 32 of the yoke form a radial air gap; the side elevation 32 is located at one end of the tooth surface 31, and the side elevation 32 and the side surface of the yoke magnetic pole 15 form a radial air gap Axial air gap. The side elevation 32 of the armature magnetic pole of the first armature 3 is located at one end of the tooth surface 31, and the side elevation 32 of the armature magnetic pole of the second armature 13 is located at the other end of the tooth surface 31, so that the axial air gap is symmetrically distributed on the yoke magnetic pole 15 sides. In order to make the electromagnet work normally, it is necessary to change the way of the armature axially staggered teeth, that is, the armature teeth of the second armature 13 need to advance 1/4 pitch angle of the convex teeth of the yoke in the clockwise direction, and the first armature 3 The armature teeth are 1/4 pitch angle behind the convex teeth of the yoke in the clockwise direction. The armature adopts a hollow cup structure, which reduces the moment of inertia and is beneficial to increase the corresponding speed. The front end cover 2 and the rear end cover 12, the output shaft 1, the magnetic isolation block 5 and the magnetic isolation block 9 are made of non-magnetic metal materials, while the first armature 3, the second armature 13, the first yoke 4 , The second yoke 7, the third yoke 8 and the fourth yoke 10 are made of metal soft magnetic material with high magnetic permeability.

As shown in Fig. 13, when the control coil 14 is not energized, its air-gap magnetic flux only depends on the bias magnetic flux of the magnetic steel. At this time, the positional relationship of the fixed armature under each magnetic pole of the electromagnet is the same, that is, the yoke magnetic pole 15 and the The respective armature teeth are offset from the arc surface with the same angle, the radial air gap and the axial air gap in the four magnetic poles are the same in size, and the first armature 3 and the second armature 13 are in the initial position of the neutral position.

When the control coil 14 passes the forward current as shown in FIG. 14 at the same time, the first magnetic pole g1 and the fourth magnetic pole g4 are not affected by the excitation magnetic field of the control coil, and the air gap magnetic flux remains unchanged. Under the working air gap of the second magnetic pole g2, the excitation magnetic field of the control coil and the bias magnetic field of the magnetic steel are superimposed in the same direction, and the air gap magnetic flux increases; under the working air gap of the third magnetic pole g3, the excitation magnetic field of the control coil and the magnetic The bias magnetic field of the steel is opposite and cancels each other out, the air gap magnetic flux decreases, and the third armature g3 rotates counterclockwise under the action of the electromagnetic torque. The iron obtains a nearly horizontal moment-angle characteristic, and the magnitude of the output torque can be adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the current. When used with a linear spring, a position control effect proportional to the current can be obtained.

When the control coil 14 passes the reverse current as shown in FIG. 15 , the first magnetic pole g1 and the fourth magnetic pole g4 are not affected by the excitation magnetic field of the control coil, and the air gap magnetic flux remains unchanged. Under the working air gap of the third magnetic pole g3, the excitation magnetic field of the control coil and the bias magnetic field of the magnetic steel are superimposed in the same direction, and the air gap magnetic flux increases; under the working air gap of the second magnetic pole g2, the excitation magnetic field of the control coil and the magnetic The bias magnetic fields of the steel are opposite to each other and cancel each other out, the air gap magnetic flux decreases, and the second armature 13 rotates clockwise under the action of the electromagnetic torque. The electromagnet obtains a nearly horizontal moment-angle characteristic, and the magnitude of the output torque can be adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the current. When used with a linear spring, a position control effect proportional to the current can be obtained.

The content described in the embodiments of the present specification is only an enumeration of the realization forms of the concept of the utility model. The protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as limited to the specific forms stated in the embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention also extends to Equivalent technical means that can be conceived by those skilled in the art according to the concept of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. the unidirectional proportion electro-magnet of symmetrical magneto based on air-gap compensation, it is characterised in that: before side is respectively provided with before and after stator End cap (2), rear end cap (12), stator are provided with the first armature (3) and the second armature (13), the first armature (3) and the second armature (13) coaxially on output shaft (1)；The first yoke (4) that the stator is arranged by axial order, the second yoke (7), Third yoke (8) and the 4th yoke (10) composition, the first yoke (4), the second yoke (7), third yoke (8) and the 4th yoke (10) ring even circumferential is distributed N number of double wedge, and double wedge forms yoke magnetic pole (15), the first yoke (4), the second yoke (7), third yoke Iron (8) is identical with yoke magnetic pole (15) shape on the 4th yoke (10) and axially aligns；Second yoke (7) and third yoke (8) it is provided with symmetrical groove along interface respectively, split forms annular groove, and annular groove places control coil (14), forms control Magnetic flux；Equipped with first every magnetic patch (5) between first yoke (4), the second yoke (7)；Third yoke (8) and the 4th yoke (10) it Between equipped with second every magnetic patch (9)；It is placed between first yoke (4) and the second yoke (7) the first magnet steel (6), third yoke (8) The second magnet steel (11) are placed with the 4th yoke (10) centre, are used to form biasing magnetic flux；

First armature (3) and the second armature (13) coaxially splice, and the first armature (3) and the second armature (13) circumferentially uniformly divide It is furnished with N number of armature tooth, armature tooth forms armature magnetic pole, and armature magnetic pole face includes the arc-shaped circumferential flank of tooth (31) and side elevation (32), the end of the flank of tooth (31) and yoke magnetic pole (15) forms radial air gap；Side elevation (32) is located in one end of the flank of tooth (31), Axial air-gap is formed with the side of yoke magnetic pole (15)；The side elevation (32) of the armature magnetic pole of first armature (3) is located at the flank of tooth (31) one end, the side elevation (32) of the armature magnetic pole of the second armature (13) are located at the other end of the flank of tooth (31), make axial air-gap It is symmetrically distributed in the two sides of yoke magnetic pole (15)；The double wedge one of the armature tooth of second armature (13) advanced yoke along clockwise direction A angle, the armature tooth of the first armature (3) then fall behind the angle of the double wedge same size of yoke along clockwise direction.

2. the unidirectional proportion electro-magnet of symmetrical magneto based on air-gap compensation as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: armature Using drag cup structure；The drive end bearing bracket (2) and rear end cap (12), output shaft (1) and first are every magnetic patch (5) and second every magnetic Block (9) is made of non-magnetic metal material, and the first armature (3), the second armature (13), the first yoke (4), the second yoke (7), third yoke (8) and the 4th yoke (10) are made of the metal soft magnetic material of high permeability.

3. the unidirectional proportion electro-magnet of symmetrical magneto based on air-gap compensation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: First yoke (4), the second yoke (7), third yoke (8) and the 4th yoke (10) ring even circumferential are distributed 8 yoke magnetic poles (15), each yoke magnetic pole (15) is separated by 45 °；First armature (3) and the second armature (13) have been uniformly distributed circumferentially 8 armature Tooth.

4. the unidirectional proportion electro-magnet of symmetrical magneto based on air-gap compensation as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: second 1/4 angular pitch of double wedge of the armature tooth of armature (13) advanced yoke along clockwise direction, the armature tooth of the first armature (3) then edge Fall behind 1/4 angular pitch of double wedge of yoke clockwise.