CN113437486B - Millimeter wave antenna and wireless device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of signal transmission, and specifically discloses a millimeter-wave antenna and a wireless device, including: a radiator having a housing cavity; a first conductive sheet located in the housing, and the first conductive sheet is connected to the inner wall of the radiator; Two conductive sheets are located in the housing, the second conductive sheet is connected to the inner wall of the radiator, the edge of the first conductive sheet is opposite to the edge of the second conductive sheet, and a gap is formed between them; the feeding source is located in the gap. The energy fed by the feed source to the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet will meet in the radiator and form a loop, and then resonate at the gap and the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet and radiate to the free space, thereby realizing the antenna's High bandwidth and high gain characteristics.

Description

mmWave Antennas and Wireless Devices

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of signal transmission, and specifically discloses a millimeter wave antenna and a wireless device.

Background technique

In real life, with the advancement of science and technology and the gradual improvement of living standards, smart devices are constantly being updated. In the field of wireless communication, the era of millimeter waves is coming quietly. In future smart devices and wireless products, the application of millimeter wave will become more and more popular due to its vast spectrum resources and high-speed transmission rate.

However, there are few applications in the millimeter wave frequency band at present. Most of the designs are based on microstrip antennas and array antennas to realize their functions and applications. There are few novel antenna designs of other types. The main reason is that the working bandwidth of the millimeter wave frequency band is relatively small The traditional operating frequency band has increased by nearly 10 times, so the demand for the operating bandwidth of the antenna has also increased. Therefore, how to provide a high-bandwidth, high-gain millimeter-wave antenna is an urgent problem to be solved.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a millimeter-wave antenna and a wireless device, aiming to provide a high-bandwidth, high-gain millimeter-wave antenna.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the first aspect of the present invention proposes a millimeter wave antenna, including:

The radiator has an accommodation cavity;

a first conductive sheet located in the housing, the first conductive sheet connected to the inner wall of the radiator;

The second conductive sheet is located in the housing, the second conductive sheet is connected to the inner wall of the radiator, the edge of the first conductive sheet is opposite to the edge of the second conductive sheet, and there is a gap between the two a gap is formed;

The feeding source is located at the gap.

A second aspect of the present invention provides a wireless device, including the millimeter wave antenna as described above.

In addition, the above-mentioned millimeter-wave antenna of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet are arranged in a line.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the feed source, and the axis of symmetry of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet is in line with the The central axes of the radiators coincide.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the radiator is in the shape of a conical horn or a hemisphere.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the radiator includes: a circular top surface, a circular bottom surface opposite to the top surface, and a side surface located between the top surface and the bottom surface, wherein the top surface and the bottom surface are The bottom surfaces are arranged in parallel.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the radius of the top surface is greater than the radius of the bottom surface.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the outer contours of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet are both rectangular trapezoidal, wherein the short sides of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet are respectively connected to the The bottom surface is connected, the long sides of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet respectively pass through the top surface, and the long sides of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet are located at the top surface On the same plane, the feed source is located at the gap formed by the right-angled side of the first conductive sheet and the right-angled side of the second conductive sheet, the hypotenuse of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet The side connections.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the feeding source is located directly above the bottom surface, and the distance from the center of the bottom surface is h=1/4λ, where λ is the working wavelength of the millimeter wave antenna.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the width of the gap is 0.2mm-0.5mm, the distance H between the center of the top surface and the center of the bottom surface is 5-5.5mm, and the radius of the top surface is 5-5mm. 7mm, the radius of the bottom surface is 2mm-4mm, h is 3.5-5mm, and the standing wave ratio of the millimeter wave antenna is less than 2 within the frequency bandwidth of 21GHz-40GHz.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

By setting the feed source at the gap between the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet, the energy fed by the feed source to the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet will meet in the radiator and form a loop, and then at the gap and the first The conductive sheet resonates with the second conductive sheet and radiates to free space, thereby achieving high bandwidth and high gain characteristics of the antenna.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter wave antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a side view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the partial structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another angle of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a partial structural schematic diagram of Fig. 5;

FIG. 7 is a maximum gain curve diagram of a millimeter wave antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a standing wave ratio diagram of the millimeter wave antenna in the embodiment of the present invention.

The realization of the purpose of the present invention, functional characteristics and advantages will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relationship between the components in a certain posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). Relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc., if the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

In addition, in the present invention, descriptions such as "first", "second" and so on are used for description purposes only, and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

In the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be an internal communication between two elements or an interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

In addition, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be realized, it should be considered as a combination of technical solutions. Does not exist, nor is it within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

A millimeter wave antenna 100 according to some embodiments of the present invention is described below with reference to FIGS. 1-8 .

As shown in Figures 1-5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a millimeter-wave antenna 100, which is mainly used in wireless devices, and the millimeter-wave antenna 100 includes: a radiator 10, a first conductive sheet 11 , the second conductive sheet 12 and the feed source 13, wherein the radiator 10 has an accommodating cavity, the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 are located in the accommodating cavity, and the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 Both are connected to the inner wall of the radiator 10, the edge of the first conductive sheet 11 is opposite to the edge of the second conductive sheet 12, and a gap 110 is formed between the edge of the first conductive sheet 11 and the edge of the second conductive sheet 12, and the feeder The power source 13 is located at the gap 110 between the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 .

When the wireless device is working, the millimeter-wave antenna 100 transmits the received free-space signal to the radio frequency circuit through the wire and the feed source 13, thereby realizing the wireless receiving function of the wireless device, and the electrical signal output by the radio frequency circuit passes through the wire and the feed source 13 The feed is fed to the millimeter wave antenna 100, converted into electromagnetic waves by the millimeter wave antenna 100 and radiated to free space, thereby realizing the wireless transmission function of the wireless device.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment, by disposing the feeding source 13 at the gap 110 between the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12, the gap 110 is used for feeding capability between the millimeter wave antenna 100 and the radio frequency circuit. , the energy fed by the feed source 13 to the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 will meet in the radiator 10 and form a loop, and then resonate at the gap 110 and the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 and Radiation to free space, thereby realizing the high bandwidth and high gain characteristics of the millimeter wave antenna 100 .

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, continue referring to FIG. 5 , the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 are copper or other good conductors, and the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 can be inside the radiator 10 Arranged in a straight line, that is to say, the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 can be located on the same straight line. Of course, it should be noted that in other embodiments of the present invention, the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 can also be arranged in a V shape, and the present invention arranges the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 The shape of the cloth is not limited, as long as the arrangement that can realize the high bandwidth and high gain characteristics of the millimeter wave antenna 100 is within the protection scope of the present application.

It is worth mentioning that, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the feed source 13, and the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet The axis of symmetry of 12 coincides with the central axis of radiator 10 .

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, continuing to refer to FIGS. 1-5, the radiator 10 may be in the shape of a conical horn. Of course, it should be noted that, in other embodiments of the present invention, the radiator 10 may also be in the shape of a hemisphere. . The present invention will not be described in detail here.

Further, referring to FIGS. 2-5 , when the radiator 10 is in the shape of a conical horn, the radiator 10 may include: a circular top surface 101 , a circular bottom surface 102 opposite to the top surface 101 , and a circular bottom surface 102 located between the top surface 101 and the bottom surface. 102 between the side surfaces 103, wherein the top surface 101 and the bottom surface 102 are arranged in parallel. Specifically, both the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 are connected to the bottom surface 102 and the side surface 103 , and the radius of the top surface 101 is larger than the radius of the bottom surface 102 .

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the width of the gap 110 is 0.2mm-0.5mm, the radius of the top surface 101 is 7mm, the radius of the bottom surface 102 is 2mm, and the center of the circle of the top surface 101 and the center of the circle of the bottom surface 102 The distance H is 5-5.5 mm, preferably, H is 5.2 mm, and the wall thickness of the radiator 10 is 0.3 mm.

It should be noted that the distance H between the center of the top surface 101 and the center of the bottom surface 102 plays a key role in whether the millimeter-wave antenna 100 can work in the high-frequency mode of 35-40 GHz, specifically, when H is less than 5mm , the working frequency supported by the high-frequency working mode will increase from 35-40GHz to above 40GHz, and at this time the millimeter-wave antenna 100 will no longer support the working frequency band of 35-40GHz; and when H is greater than 5.5mm, the high-frequency working mode Larger changes will reduce the maximum gain flatness of the millimeter wave antenna 100 .

In addition, the radius of the top surface 101 of the radiator 10 also affects the working bandwidth of the millimeter-wave antenna 100. When the radius of the top surface 101 is less than 7mm, the minimum working bandwidth supported by the millimeter-wave antenna 100 will change accordingly. When the radius of the upper circle When changing from 7mm to 5mm, the minimum operating frequency of the millimeter wave antenna 100 will increase from 21GHz to 26GHz.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. The shapes are the same, the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 all have a short side 111, a long side 112, a right-angled side 113 and a hypotenuse 114, and the short sides 111 of the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 are respectively connected to The bottom surface 101 is connected, the long sides 112 of the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 respectively penetrate the top surface 101, and the long sides 112 of the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 are located on the same plane as the top surface 101, The feed source 13 is located at the gap 110 formed by the right-angled side 113 of the first conductive sheet 11 and the right-angled side 113 of the second conductive sheet 12 , and the hypotenuse 114 of the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 are connected to the side 103 .

In this embodiment, the feeding source 13 feeds the circuit signal output by the radio frequency circuit to the millimeter wave antenna 100 or transmits the free space signal received by the millimeter wave antenna 100 to the radio frequency circuit; the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 The energy fed by the feeding source 13 is transferred to the overall structure of the millimeter wave antenna 100 , and cavity resonance is formed in the radiator 10 to radiate to free space.

Further, the feed source 13 is located directly above the bottom surface 102, and the distance from the center of the bottom surface 102 is h=1/4λ, h is the height of the feed source 13, and λ is the working wavelength of the millimeter wave antenna. Specifically, h is preferably 3.5-5mm. The gap 110 and the long sides 112 of the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 together form a T-shaped structure. The millimeter-wave antenna 100 generates cavity resonance in the radiator 10 through the T-shaped structure and radiates to free space. Among them, the millimeter-wave antenna 100 has two working modes of high frequency and low frequency, realizing the broadband characteristics of the millimeter-wave antenna 100, wherein, the high-frequency working mode means that the working frequency band of the millimeter-wave antenna 100 is 35-40GHz, and the low-frequency working mode is It means that the working frequency band of the millimeter wave antenna 100 is 21-35 GHz. In the low frequency working mode, the first conductive sheet 11 and the long side 112 of the second conductive sheet 12 are combined to form a half-wave dipole, and the loop structure formed at the gap 110 is The bottom surface 102 of the radiator 10 is short-circuited to form a 1/4 wavelength antenna balun. In the high-frequency working mode, the gap 110 between the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 forms a radiation gap. In the working mode, the 35-40GHz frequency band signal is Resonances are generated in the radiating slot and radiate along the radiating slot to free space.

It is worth mentioning that, in this embodiment, the short sides 111 of the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet 12 are connected and conducted with the bottom surface 101, and the feed source 13 is fed to the first conductive sheet 11 and the second conductive sheet. The energy of 12 will meet at the bottom surface 101 of the radiator 10 and form a loop. At this time, a 1/4 wavelength closed loop is formed to form an antenna balun. According to f=c/λ, h=1/4λ, that is to say, f=c/ 4h, wherein, (f is the resonant frequency, c is the speed of light, λ is the wavelength, and h is the height of the feed source 13), it can be seen that the change of the height h of the feed source 13 will affect f as the resonant frequency, thereby affecting to the operating bandwidth of the millimeter wave antenna 100.

As shown in FIG. 7 , the maximum gain curves of the millimeter-wave antenna 100 in the embodiment of the present invention are all 5-9.5 dBi in 21-40 GHz. It can be seen that the millimeter-wave antenna 100 in this embodiment has high gain characteristics.

As shown in FIG. 8 , the standing wave ratio of the millimeter-wave antenna 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention is less than 2 within the frequency bandwidth of 21 GHz to 40 GHz, that is, the millimeter-wave antenna 100 has good working performance within this frequency bandwidth, and the relative working bandwidth is 95%. The relative bandwidth of common antenna types is only 10-20%.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a wireless device, and the millimeter-wave antenna 100 in the present invention is applied in various wireless devices such as mobile phones and tablet computers. The wireless device includes the millimeter wave antenna 100 as described in the above embodiments.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Under the conception of the present invention, the equivalent structural transformation made by using the description of the present invention and the contents of the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly used in Other relevant technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A millimeter-wave antenna, comprising:

a radiator having a receiving cavity;

the first conducting strip is positioned in the accommodating cavity and connected with the inner wall of the radiating body;

the second conducting strip is positioned in the accommodating cavity and connected with the inner wall of the radiator, the edge of the first conducting strip is opposite to the edge of the second conducting strip, and a gap is formed between the edge of the first conducting strip and the edge of the second conducting strip;

a power feed located at the gap;

the radiator includes: the feed power supply comprises a circular top surface, a circular bottom surface and a side surface, wherein the circular bottom surface is opposite to the top surface, the side surface is positioned between the top surface and the bottom surface, the radius of the top surface is larger than that of the bottom surface, the feed power supply is positioned right above the bottom surface, the distance H between the circle center of the top surface and the circle center of the bottom surface is 5-5.5mm, and the radius of the top surface is 5-7mm;

the first conducting sheet and the second conducting sheet are both connected with the bottom surface and the side surface of the radiator;

the symmetry axes of the first conducting strip and the second conducting strip are coincided with the central axis of the radiator.

2. The millimeter-wave antenna of claim 1, wherein the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet are arranged in a row.

3. The millimeter-wave antenna of claim 2, wherein the first and second conductive strips are symmetrically disposed on opposite sides of the feed.

4. The millimeter-wave antenna of claim 3, wherein the radiator has a conical horn shape or a hemispherical shape.

5. The millimeter-wave antenna of claim 4, wherein the top surface is disposed parallel to the bottom surface.

6. The millimeter wave antenna of claim 5, wherein when the radiator is in the shape of a conical horn, the outer contours of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet are in the shape of a right trapezoid, wherein the short sides of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet are respectively connected to the bottom surface, the long sides of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet respectively penetrate the top surface, the long sides of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet are located on the same plane as the top surface, the power feed is located at a gap formed by the right-angle side of the first conductive sheet and the right-angle side of the second conductive sheet, and the oblique sides of the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet are connected to the side surface.

7. The millimeter wave antenna according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the distance h =1/4 λ between the feed source and the center of the bottom surface, λ being an operating wavelength of the millimeter wave antenna.

8. The millimeter-wave antenna according to claim 7, wherein the width of the gap is 0.2mm to 0.5mm, the radius of the bottom surface is 2mm to 4mm, h is 3.5 to 5mm, and the standing-wave ratio of the millimeter-wave antenna is less than 2 in a frequency bandwidth of 21GHz to 40 GHz.

9. A wireless device comprising a millimeter wave antenna according to any of claims 1 to 8.

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