CN117673705A - Antenna units and communication equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to an antenna unit and communication equipment, including base plate, monopole antenna, dipole antenna and first guide assembly, in the cavity between the first panel and the second panel is located to one side that the second panel was kept away from to the monopole antenna and extends to first panel, and the dipole antenna is located on the side that is close to the monopole antenna of second panel and extends to keeping away from the base plate direction, and first guide assembly locates on one side that the second panel was kept away from to first panel, and is located one side that the dipole antenna was kept away from to the monopole antenna. The monopole antenna generates vertical polarized radiation, the dipole antenna generates horizontal polarized radiation, and the first guiding component guides the monopole antenna to radiate towards a direction far away from the first guiding component, so that the antenna unit has a lower section and effective isolation performance, a connector can be omitted, the stacking difficulty is small, the occupied volume is small, the cost can be reduced, the end-emission dual polarization under the extremely small size is met, and the antenna unit is applicable to wireless terminal equipment.

Description

Antenna units and communication equipment

Technical field

The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna unit and communication equipment.

Background technique

In related technologies, the use of edge-firing antennas requires that the antenna unit be placed vertically to the motherboard, and connectors between the motherboard and the antenna unit must be added, which increases stacking difficulty and occupies a large volume and high cost.

Contents of the invention

Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna unit and communication equipment, which can reduce the occupied volume and stacking cost of the antenna unit, and are applicable to wireless terminal equipment.

The first aspect of this application provides an antenna unit, including:

A base plate having a first panel and a second panel arranged oppositely and spaced apart;

A monopole antenna is provided on the side of the first panel away from the second panel, and extends into the cavity between the first panel and the second panel, for communicating with the The first feed structure inside the cavity is connected to receive the first feed signal and generate vertically polarized radiation under the excitation of the first feed signal;

A dipole antenna is provided on the side of the second panel close to the monopole antenna and extends away from the substrate for communicating with the second feed structure provided on the second panel. Connected to receive a second feed signal and generate horizontally polarized radiation under excitation of the second feed signal;

A first guiding component is provided on the side of the first panel away from the second panel, and is located on the side of the monopole antenna away from the dipole antenna, for connecting the monopole antenna to the monopole antenna. When the sub-antenna generates vertically polarized radiation, the monopole antenna is guided to radiate in a direction away from the first guiding component.

The second aspect of this application provides a communication device, including:

Antenna unit as described above.

The above-mentioned antenna unit and communication equipment, wherein the antenna unit includes a substrate, a monopole antenna, a dipole antenna and a first guiding component. The monopole antenna is located on the side of the first panel away from the second panel and extends to the first In the cavity between the panel and the second panel, the dipole antenna is disposed on the side of the second panel close to the monopole antenna and extends away from the substrate, and the first guiding component is disposed on the first panel away from the second panel. On one side of the second panel, and on the side of the monopole antenna away from the dipole antenna. The monopole antenna generates vertically polarized radiation under the excitation of the first feed signal, the dipole antenna generates horizontally polarized radiation under the excitation of the second feed signal, and the first guiding component is in the monopole antenna When vertically polarized radiation is generated, the monopole antenna is guided to radiate in a direction away from the first guiding component, so that the antenna unit has a lower profile and effective isolation performance. In addition, connectors can be omitted and stacking is less difficult and takes up less space. The small size further reduces the occupied volume and stacking cost of the antenna unit, meets end-fire dual polarization in extremely small sizes, and can be applied to wireless terminal equipment.

Description of drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 2 is a second structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 3 is a third structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 4 is a fourth structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 5 is a fifth structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 6 is a sixth structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 7 is a seventh structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 8 is a block diagram 8 of the structure of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 9 is a ninth structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 10 is a block diagram 10 of the structure of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 11 is an eleventh structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 12 is a twelfth structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 13 is the thirteenth structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 14 is a fourteenth structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 15 is a fifteenth structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 16 is a sixteenth structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 17 is a seventeenth structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 18 is an eighteenth structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 19 is a nineteenth structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 20 is a structural block diagram of an antenna unit 20 according to an embodiment;

Figure 21 is a block diagram 21 of the structure of the antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 22 is the twenty-second structural block diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 23 is an S-parameter curve diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment;

Figure 24 is one of the current distribution diagrams of the antenna unit under different port excitation according to an embodiment;

Figure 25 is the second current distribution diagram of the antenna unit under different port excitation according to an embodiment;

Figure 26 is the third current distribution diagram of the antenna unit under different port excitation according to an embodiment;

Figure 27 is one of the directional diagrams of the antenna unit under different port excitations according to an embodiment;

Figure 28 is the second pattern of the antenna unit under different port excitations according to an embodiment.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

It will be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. used in this application may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element and are not to be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implying an indication of the quantity of the technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.

It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is said to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may also be intervening elements present.

The antenna unit involved in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to communication devices with wireless communication functions. The communication devices can be handheld devices, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, and in various forms. User equipment (User Equipment, UE) (for example, mobile phone), mobile station (MobileStation, MS), etc. For convenience of description, the devices mentioned above are collectively referred to as communication devices.

FIG. 1 is one of the structural block diagrams of an antenna unit according to an embodiment. Referring to FIG. 1 , in this embodiment, the antenna unit includes a substrate 10 , a monopole antenna 20 , a dipole antenna 30 and a first guiding component 40 .

In this embodiment, the substrate 10 has a first panel 110 and a second panel 120 that are opposite and spaced apart.

The substrate 10 may be a multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB). The substrate 10 is provided with a first panel 110 and a second panel 120 . Dielectric material may be filled between the two panels to support both sides of the substrate 10 . A panel, the substrate 10 can be used to set the monopole antenna 20, the dipole antenna 30 and the first guiding component 40.

Optionally, both the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 are ground plates, and the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 are electrically connected; wherein, the monopole antenna 20 extends into the cavity through the hollow area opened in the first panel. , the first guiding component 40 is provided on the side of the first panel 110 away from the second panel 120 ; the dipole antenna 30 is located on the side of the second panel 120 close to the monopole antenna 20 and extends away from the second panel 120 . The first panel 110 and the second panel 120 are both ground plates, and the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 are electrically connected, so that the first guiding component 40 and the dipole antenna 30 are commonly grounded and arranged in layers. Both the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 can be made of conductive materials, such as metal materials, alloy materials, conductive silica gel materials, graphite materials, indium tin oxide, etc., or can also be materials with high dielectric constant, such as high dielectric constant. Constant glass, plastic, ceramic, etc.

In this embodiment, the monopole antenna 20 is disposed on a side of the first panel 110 away from the second panel 120 and extends into the cavity between the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 for communicating with the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 . The first feed structure 50 inside the cavity is connected to receive the first feed signal and generate vertically polarized radiation under the excitation of the first feed signal.

Among them, the monopole antenna 20 is connected to the first feed structure 50 provided inside the cavity to receive the first excitation signal fed by the first feed structure 50, and is excited to 1/2 by the first excitation signal. 4-wavelength monopole mode, producing vertically polarized radiation. Optionally, the end of the monopole antenna 20 close to the second panel 120 is provided with a first feed port, and the first feed port of the monopole antenna 20 is connected to the first feed structure 50 to receive the first Feed signal; as shown in Figure 1, the first feed structure 50 is connected to the feed source at port 2.

When the first panel 110 of the substrate 10 is a ground plate with a hollow area 110A (as shown in FIG. 2 , FIG. 2 only shows the first panel 110 , the first feed structure 50 and the monopole antenna 20 ). , the monopole antenna 20 is disposed at a position corresponding to the hollow region 110A, and extends into the cavity inside the substrate 10 through the hollow region 110A to connect with the first feed structure 50 in the cavity. On the one hand, the monopole antenna 20 can be spaced apart from the first panel 110 through the hollow area 110A to prevent the monopole antenna 20 from being short-circuited; on the other hand, the monopole antenna 20 extends to the cavity inside the substrate 10 through the hollow area 110A. In the body, the exposed height of the monopole antenna 20 outside the substrate 10 can be reduced, which is beneficial to reducing the overall cross-sectional height of the antenna unit, making the antenna unit more compact and thin.

In this embodiment, the dipole antenna 30 is disposed on the side of the second panel 120 close to the monopole antenna 20 and extends away from the substrate 10 for communicating with the second feeder disposed on the second panel 120 . The electrical structure is connected to receive the second feed signal and generate horizontally polarized radiation under excitation of the second feed signal.

The dipole antenna 30 is connected to a second feed structure (not shown in the figure, only the second feed structure is connected to the feed source through port 1) provided on the second panel 120 to receive the second feed structure. The second excitation signal fed into the feed structure excites the dipole mode of 1/2 wavelength under the action of the second excitation signal to generate horizontally polarized radiation. The dipole antenna 30 generates horizontally polarized radiation and the monopole antenna 20 generates vertically polarized radiation, so that the antenna unit can achieve dual-polarized radiation. Optionally, the first feed signal and the second feed signal may have a phase difference of 90°, thereby achieving circularly polarized radiation on the basis of dual polarization.

Optionally, the end of the dipole antenna 30 close to the second panel 120 is provided with a second feed port, and the second feed port of the dipole antenna 30 is connected to the second feed structure to receive the second feed. electric signal. Since the dipole antenna 30 is located on the side of the second panel 120, and the second feed port of the dipole antenna 30 and the corresponding second feed structure are provided on the second panel 120; the monopole antenna 20 is located on the second panel 120. The side of the first panel 110 away from the second panel 120 , and the first feed port of the monopole antenna 20 and the corresponding first feed structure 50 are located in the middle of the cavity; therefore, the monopole antenna 20 and the dipole The sub-antenna 30 is equivalent to a hierarchical arrangement, and the first feed port and the second feed port are arranged in a hierarchical manner, and the first feed structure 50 and the second feed structure are arranged in a hierarchical manner, which can reduce the number of monopole antennas 20 and even couplings. When the pole antennas 30 feed each other, they interfere with each other, improve the isolation between the first feed port and the second feed end, and achieve effective isolation between the monopole antenna 20 and the dipole antenna 30; at the same time, it also The wiring situation of the first feed structure 50 and the second feed structure can be simplified, which is beneficial to reducing costs.

Optionally, the first feed structure 50 can be a 50-ohm strip line, the second feed structure can be a 50-ohm microstrip line, and the feed in the radio frequency chip passes through the 50-ohm strip line at port 2. The monopole antenna 20 is connected to feed the first feed signal to the monopole antenna 20, and the dipole antenna 30 is connected through a 50 ohm microstrip line at port 1 to feed the first feed signal to the dipole antenna 30. feed signal.

The dipole antenna 30 is disposed on the side of the second panel 120 close to the monopole antenna 20 and extends away from the substrate 10 , so that the dipole antenna 30 radiates electromagnetic waves in a direction away from the second panel 120 . When the second panel 120 is a ground plate, the second panel 120 forms a reflector of the dipole antenna 30 , which is helpful to further guide the dipole antenna 30 to radiate in a direction away from the second panel 120 , thereby improving the performance of the dipole antenna 30 . gain, and further improves the end-fire performance of the dipole antenna 30 .

In this embodiment, the first guiding component 40 is provided on the side of the first panel 110 away from the second panel 120 and is located on the side of the monopole antenna 20 away from the dipole antenna 30 for use in the monopole antenna 20 . When the pole antenna 20 generates vertically polarized radiation, the monopole antenna 20 is guided to radiate in a direction away from the first guiding component 40 .

Among them, the first guiding component 40 is provided on the side of the first panel 110 away from the second panel 120 and is located on the side of the monopole antenna 20 away from the dipole antenna 30. When the monopole antenna 20 generates a vertical pole When irradiating, the first guiding component 40 can generate surface current under the action of the monopole antenna 20 and form a reflector of the monopole antenna 20 to guide the monopole antenna 20 away from the first guiding component 40 The electromagnetic waves are radiated in the direction to increase the gain of the monopole antenna 20 and further improve the end-fire performance of the monopole antenna 20 .

Optionally, the height of the first guiding component 40 is higher than the height of the monopole antenna 20, and the height is the size of the first guiding component 40 or the monopole antenna 20 in the direction away from the second panel 120, so that the first The guiding component 40 can realize the reflection effect on the monopole antenna 20 . On the other hand, since the height of the first guiding component 40 is higher than the height of the monopole antenna 20, when the monopole antenna 20 generates vertically polarized radiation, the first guiding component 40 will correspond to the low frequency point. At the low frequency point At , a strong current on the monopole antenna 20 and the first guiding component 40 can be excited at the same time, and at other high frequency points, a strong current on the monopole antenna 20 can be excited, so that the first guiding component 40 can be excited at the same time. The arrangement of the component 40 can also add a resonant frequency point within the working frequency band of the monopole antenna 20 to broaden the bandwidth of the monopole antenna 20 so that the antenna unit covers a wider bandwidth.

Optionally, the spacing between the monopole antenna 20 and the first guiding component 40 is within the range of 1/5 wavelength to 3/4 wavelength when the monopole antenna 20 radiates. Within this range, the first guiding component 40 The direction component 40 can guide the radiation direction of the monopole antenna 20 more effectively. Optionally, the symmetry axis of the first guiding component 40 is parallel to the symmetry axis of the dipole antenna 30, so that the end-fire performance of the antenna unit can be further improved.

The antenna unit provided in this embodiment includes a substrate 10, a monopole antenna 20, a dipole antenna 30 and a first guiding component 40. The monopole antenna 20 is provided on the side of the first panel 110 away from the second panel 120. and extends into the cavity between the first panel 110 and the second panel 120. The dipole antenna 30 is disposed on the side of the second panel 120 close to the monopole antenna 20 and extends away from the substrate 10. The first lead The directional component 40 is provided on a side of the first panel 110 away from the second panel 120 and is located on a side of the monopole antenna 20 away from the dipole antenna 30 . The monopole antenna 20 generates vertically polarized radiation under the excitation of the first feed signal, the dipole antenna 30 generates horizontally polarized radiation under the excitation of the second feed signal, and the first guiding component 40 generates horizontally polarized radiation under the excitation of the second feed signal. When the pole antenna 20 generates vertically polarized radiation, the monopole antenna 20 is guided to radiate in a direction away from the first guiding component 40, so that the antenna unit has a lower profile and effective isolation performance, and the connector can be omitted. Moreover, it is easy to stack and occupies a small volume, which further reduces the occupied area and stacking cost of the antenna unit, meets the end-fire dual polarization in extremely small size, and can be applied to wireless terminal equipment.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3 (the second panel 120 and the dipole antenna 30 are not shown in FIG. 3 ), the first guiding component 40 includes: a plurality of reflective arms 401 arranged at intervals.

A plurality of spaced reflection arms 401 are provided on the side of the first panel 110 away from the second panel 120 . Each reflection arm 401 is located on the side of the monopole antenna 20 away from the dipole antenna 30 . The extending directions are parallel to each other, and each reflection arm 401 is used to generate surface current when the monopole antenna 20 is vertically polarized, so as to guide the monopole antenna 20 to radiate in a direction away from the reflection arm 401 .

Among them, each reflection arm 401 constitutes a reflector of the monopole antenna 20, and the plurality of reflection arms 401 are spaced apart and approximately form a reflection surface to guide the monopole antenna 20 to radiate in a direction away from the reflection surface, thereby improving the efficiency of the monopole antenna. 20 end-fire performance and radiation effect. The spacing between adjacent reflective arms 401 may be completely equal or partially equal. In order to improve the reflection effect of the first guide component 40, the distance between adjacent reflection arms 401 should not be too large, and can be adjusted according to the wiring conditions around the reflection arms 401. Figure 3 (Figure 3 takes eight reflective arms 401 as an example) shows that the spacing between the two middle reflective arms 401 of the first guide assembly 40 is relatively large, and the spacing between other adjacent reflective arms 401 is equal. implementation.

Optionally, the plurality of reflection arms 401 are a plurality of metal pillars perpendicular to the first panel 110. The extension directions of the plurality of metal pillars are the same and the extension dimensions are the same, so that the current field distribution excited by each reflection arm 401 is The effect of each reflection arm 401 on the monopole antenna 20 tends to be the same. Optionally, the metal pillars may be metallized vias, and the metallized vias may be provided only on the side of the first panel 110 away from the second panel 120 , or may penetrate the first panel 110 and extend into the cavity, or may be It can penetrate to the upper surface of the second panel 120 close to the first panel 110 . Optionally, the size of the metallized via hole in the direction away from the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 may be in the range of 0.7mm-1.5mm, and the diameter of the metallized via hole may be in the range of 0.1mm-0.5mm. within, so as to improve the reflection effect of the reflective arm 401 based on the appropriate PCB profile.

Optionally, the plurality of reflection arms 401 are arranged symmetrically, and the monopole antenna 20 is arranged on the symmetry axis of the plurality of reflection arms 401, thereby improving the reflection effect of the plurality of reflection arms 401 on the monopole antenna 20 and improving the monopole antenna 20. Gain and end-fire performance of pole antenna 20. It can be understood that the monopole antenna 20 can also be arranged away from the axis of symmetry. When the monopole antenna 20 approaches the position of the axis of symmetry, the reflection effect of the first guiding component 40 can be improved.

Optionally, as shown in Figure 3, multiple reflection arms 401 can be arranged in a linear array, and the monopole antenna 20 is provided on the symmetry axis of the linear array; Optionally, as shown in Figure 4 (Figure 4 Taking eight reflection arms 401 as an example), the plurality of reflection arms 401 are arranged in a parabolic array, and the monopole antenna 20 is located on the symmetry axis of the parabolic array, or at the focus of the parabolic array, to further improve the A reflection effect directed towards component 40.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5 , the first guiding component 40 further includes: a reflective patch 402 .

The reflective patch 402 is vertically connected to the reflective arm 401 and is used to transmit the surface current of the reflective arm 401.

Among them, the reflective patch 402 is vertically connected to the reflective arm 401, so that the reflective patch 402 and the reflective arm 401 form a folding guide component; because the reflective patch 402 transmits the surface current of the reflective arm 401, the reflective patch 402 is extended The path of the surface current generated by the reflective arm 401 is eliminated, thereby reducing the number of guiding components that generate current with the same length path and reducing the overall PCB cross-section. Optionally, the reflective patch 402 may be a metal patch.

The shape and area of the reflective patch 402 are not limited. Specifically, the area in contact with the reflective arms 401, the number and arrangement of the reflective arms 401 can be set.

Optionally, as shown in Figure 6, the number of reflective patches 402 is one, and the reflective patch 402 covers multiple reflective arms 401; optionally, as shown in Figure 7, the number of reflective patches 402 is multiple, Each reflective patch 402 is connected to a corresponding reflective arm 401 . It can be understood that the arrangement of the reflective patches 402 is not limited to the settings in the foregoing embodiments. For example, when the number of reflective patches 402 is multiple, each reflective arm 401 can also correspond to two or even more. The reflective arms 401 are connected (as shown in Figure 8, one reflective patch 402 covers four reflective arms 401), and the number of reflective arms 401 covered by different reflective patches 402 can be different or the same.

The reflective patch 402 and the reflective arm 401 constitute a foldable guide component. The specific shape of the guide component may not be limited. For example, the guide component may be formed in a "T" shape (as shown in Figure 9 , the size of the reflective patch 402 in the figure is only for illustration and is not limited), an inverted "L" shape (as shown in Figure 10 , the size of the reflective patch 402 in the figure is for illustration only and is not limited) or a grid-like shape Grid shape (as shown in Figure 11).

In some embodiments, please continue to refer to FIG. 12 . As shown in FIG. 12 , the monopole antenna 20 includes: a radiating branch 201 .

The radiating branches 201 are perpendicular to the plane of the first panel 110 and spaced apart from the first panel 110 , and extend into the cavity through the hollow area 110A of the first panel 110 for connection with the first feed structure 50 to receive the first feed signal and generate surface current under the excitation of the first feed signal.

Among them, the radiation branches 201 are perpendicular to the plane where the first panel 110 is located, and extend into the cavity through the hollow area 110A on the first panel 110 to connect with the first feed structure 50, so that the first feed signal can be excited during Surface current is generated below, forming vertically polarized radiation. Alternatively, the radiating branches 201 may be metal pillars perpendicular to the first panel 110 . The extending direction of the metal pillars is the same as the extending direction of each reflecting arm 401 and the extending size is smaller than the size of the reflecting arm 401 . Optionally, the metal pillar may be a metallized via hole. The size of the metallized via hole in the direction away from the first panel 110 and away from the second panel 120 may be in the range of 0.6mm-1.4mm. The diameter of the metallized via hole It can be in the range of 0.1mm-0.5mm to enable vertically polarized radiation on the basis of a lower PCB profile.

In some embodiments, please continue to refer to FIG. 12 . As shown in FIG. 12 , the monopole antenna 20 may further include: a radiation patch 202 .

The radiation patch 202 is vertically connected to the radiation branch 201 and is used to transmit the surface current of the radiation branch 201.

Among them, the radiating patch 202 and the radiating branches 201 form a folded monopole antenna 20, so that the radiating patch 202 and the radiating branches 201 form a folded monopole antenna 20; because the radiating patch 202 transmits the radiation of the radiating branches 201 Surface current, thus the radiating patch 202 extends the path of the surface current generated by the radiating branches 201, thereby reducing the monopole antenna 20 that generates the same length path current and reducing the overall PCB profile. Optionally, the reflective patch 402 may be a metal patch.

Among them, the radiation patch 202 and the radiation branches 201 constitute a folded monopole antenna 20. The specific shape of the monopole antenna 20 may not be limited. For example, the monopole antenna 20 may be formed in a "T" shape. , inverted "L" shape.

It can be understood that the antenna unit may include at least one of the foldable monopole antenna 20 and the foldable guide assembly, when the antenna unit includes any one of the foldable monopole antenna 20 and the foldable guide assembly. The PCB profile can be reduced, making the antenna unit thinner.

In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 13 (Figure 13 only shows the dipole antenna 30 and the second panel 120), the dipole antenna 30 includes: a first radiating arm 301 and a second radiating arm 302.

The first radiating arm 301 is disposed on the side of the second panel 120 and is used to connect with the second feed structure on the second panel 120 to receive the second feed signal; the second radiating arm 302 is disposed on the second On the side of the panel 120, or on the side of the second panel 120 away from the first panel 110 and spaced apart from the second panel 120; wherein, the direction of the free end of the first radiating arm 301 and the free end of the second radiating arm 302 The first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 are used to jointly guide the electromagnetic waves generated by the second feed signal to radiate in the horizontal polarization direction.

Among them, the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 can be arranged on the same layer as the second panel 120, or they can be arranged in layers. For example, the first radiating arm 301 and the second panel 120 are arranged on the same layer, and the second radiating arm 302 It is provided on the side away from the second panel 120 and spaced apart from the second panel 120 .

Optionally, the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 are arranged symmetrically, and the symmetry axes of the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 are parallel or even coincident with the symmetry axis of the first guide component 40 to improve the antenna End-fire performance of the unit. Alternatively, when the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 are arranged on the same layer, the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 may be arranged symmetrically and the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 may be spaced at a certain distance. distance, they can also be adjacent.

The shapes of the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 are not further limited here. The branches of the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 that are spaced apart from the second panel 120 may be in a rectangular shape, or may be Other possible shapes are triangle, trapezoid or oval. Optionally, the lengths of the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 may be equal, or may be approximately equal, for example, the lengths of the branches of the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 that are spaced apart from the second panel 120 It can be about a quarter of the dielectric wavelength; the width of the branches spaced apart from the second panel 120 in the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 can be 0.1mm-0.3mm.

Optionally, as shown in Figure 14 (Figure 14 takes the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 as an example, and Figure 14 only shows the dipole antenna 30 and the second panel 120), the dipole The sub-antenna 30 also includes: an impedance matching layer 303 .

The impedance matching layer 303 is disposed between the second panel 120 and the first radiating arm 301 and is coplanar with the second panel 120 for adjusting the impedance matching of the dipole antenna 30 to improve the radiation performance of the dipole antenna 30 . Optionally, the size of the impedance matching layer 303 tends to gradually become smaller in the direction away from the second panel 120. For example, the impedance matching layer 303 may have a trapezoidal structure, with the long side of the trapezoid located on one side close to the second panel 120. The short side is located on the side away from the second panel 120, thereby effectively achieving impedance matching performance.

It can be understood that an impedance matching layer 303 can be provided on the side of at least one of the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 close to the second panel 120 to adjust the impedance of the dipole antenna 30. This embodiment does not To further limit, the settings can be adjusted according to actual needs.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 15 (FIG. 15 only shows the dipole antenna 30 and the second panel 120), the dipole antenna 30 includes: a folded radiating arm 304.

The folding radiating arm 304 is in the shape of a ring with an opening and is disposed on the side of the second panel 120. The two ends of the opening of the folding radiating arm 304 are respectively connected to the second panel 120. The folding radiating arm 304 is connected to the second panel 120. The planes are coplanar or perpendicular to the second panel 120, and the folded radiation arms 304 are used to guide the electromagnetic waves generated by the second feed signal to radiate in the horizontal polarization direction.

The folding radiating arms 304 may all be arranged on the same layer as the second panel 120 , or part of them may be arranged on the same layer as the second panel 120 , and part of them may be arranged perpendicularly to the second panel 120 . Optionally, the folded radiating arm 304 is arranged symmetrically, and the symmetry axis of the folded radiating arm 304 is parallel or even coincident with the symmetry axis of the first guide component 40 to improve the end-fire performance of the antenna unit. Compared with the dipole antenna 30 of the first radiating arm 301 and the second radiating arm 302 , the folded radiating arm 304 has a better impedance matching effect, so that the radiation performance of the dipole antenna 30 can be further improved.

In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 16 (Figure 16 is schematically based on Figure 14), the antenna unit further includes a second guiding component.

The second guiding component is disposed on a side of the dipole antenna 30 away from the second panel 120 and is spaced apart from the dipole antenna 30 . The second guiding component is used to guide the radiation direction of the dipole antenna 30 .

The extension direction of the second guide component is approximately perpendicular to the direction away from the second panel 120 . When the dipole antenna 30 radiates horizontally, it radiates an electromagnetic wave beam in a direction away from the second panel 120 , and the guiding structure generates an induced current under the action of the dipole antenna 30 to further guide the dipole antenna 30 away from the second panel 120 . The directional radiation of the second panel 120 increases the gain of the dipole antenna 30; at the same time, a resonant frequency point can be added within the working frequency band of the dipole antenna 30 to broaden the bandwidth of the dipole antenna 30. Therefore, by arranging the guiding structure in the radiation direction of the dipole antenna 30, the bandwidth of the dipole antenna 30 can be broadened and the antenna gain can be improved.

The second guide component may include one or more metal strips arranged in parallel. The extending direction of the metal strips is vertical from the second panel 120 to a direction away from the second panel 120. When there are multiple metal strips, the multiple metal strips The strips are arranged at parallel intervals, which can further improve the directional radiation characteristics and gain of the antenna unit. The number of metal strips affects the gain and lobe width, and the number can be set according to actual needs.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 18 , on the basis that both the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 are ground plates, the substrate 10 may further include a ground component 130 .

The ground component 130 is provided between the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 and is used to electrically connect the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 to achieve a common ground arrangement of the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 .

Among them, the ground component 130 is provided between the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 to realize the common ground arrangement of the first panel 110 and the second panel 120, which can reduce the cavity mold between the first panel 110 and the second panel 120. , reducing the repeated oscillation of clutter in non-radiative mode and improving radiation performance.

Optionally, the ground component 130 can be a plurality of metallized vias between two ground plates. The size, number, and arrangement position of the metallized vias are not limited, and can be provided in the first guide component 40 or the monopole. near the antenna 20 and the dipole antenna 30, thereby further avoiding the generation of clutter and improving the radiation performance of the antenna unit. Optionally, multiple metallized vias are arranged at intervals and can be evenly arranged in the area close to the dipole antenna 30 and the monopole antenna 20. For example, as shown in Figure 19, multiple metallized vias can be They are distributed symmetrically about the axis of symmetry of the first guide assembly 40 .

The antenna unit of an embodiment will be further described below. Referring to Figures 20 to 22, the antenna unit of this embodiment includes a first guide component 40 composed of eight reflection arms 401 arranged in a linear array. The monopole antenna 20 on the symmetry axis of the component 40, the dipole antenna 30 composed of the first radiating arm 301, the second radiating arm 302 arranged in different layers, the trapezoidal impedance matching layer 303 and a plurality of metallized vias The ground component 130, the first panel 110 and the second panel 120 are all metal plates.

The parameters of the antenna unit in this embodiment are as follows: the length of the monopole antenna 20 is Lv=0.8mm, the length of each reflection arm 401 is Lr=0.9mm, the distance G2 from the monopole antenna 20 to the reflection arm 401=0.5mm, Both the monopole antenna 20 and the reflection arm 401 are formed with metallized via holes, and the diameter of the metallized via holes is 0.2 mm. The length of the single arm of the dipole antenna 30 Lh = 0.7mm, the width of the dipole antenna 30 wh = 0.2mm, the distance G1 from the dipole antenna 30 to the second panel 120 = 0.5mm, and 50 of the dipole antenna 30 The width of the ohmic microstrip line wf=0.2mm, and the dielectric constant of the dielectric material filled in the PCB substrate 10 is dk=3.5, df=0.01.

In this embodiment, Figure 23 shows the S-parameter curve of the antenna unit, in which the reflection coefficient of the dipole antenna 30 is <-10dB within 57.8-66.2GHz; the reflection coefficient of the monopole antenna 20 is within 53-71GHz. <-10dB, the port isolation in 55~67GHz is >10dB. It can be seen that the dipole antenna and the monopole antenna have higher radiation performance and higher isolation. Figures 24 to 26 show the current distribution diagram of the antenna unit under different port excitations. Port 1 excites the half-wavelength mode of the dipole antenna 30 at 60 GHz, and port 2 excites the monopole antenna 20 and the reflector arm simultaneously at 56 GHz. The current on the 401 antenna is mainly excited by the current on the monopole antenna 20 at 66GHz. It can be seen from this that the antenna unit covers a wider bandwidth. Figures 27 and 28 show the pattern of the antenna unit under different port excitations. According to the pattern, it can be seen that the antenna unit can achieve end-fire dual-polarized radiation. Therefore, the antenna unit of this embodiment can achieve end-fire dual polarization while meeting the large bandwidth of the antenna in an extremely small size, and can support wireless transmission functions.

This application also provides a communication device, including the antenna unit in the above embodiment. For relevant descriptions of the antenna unit, please refer to the above description and will not be described again here. Optionally, the communication device may include multiple antenna units, and each antenna unit is arranged in sequence to form an antenna array.

The communication device with the antenna unit in the above embodiment can be suitable for transmission of wireless interfaces, has high end-fire dual-polarization radiation performance and effective isolation performance, and has a low antenna profile, which can reduce the size of the antenna unit in electronic equipment. occupied space within.

The electronic device may include a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a handheld computer, a mobile Internet device (MID), a wearable device (such as a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.) or other settable antennas communication module.

The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. To simplify the description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, all possible combinations should be used. It is considered to be within the scope of this manual.

The above embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the present application. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (17)

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that it includes: A base plate having a first panel and a second panel arranged oppositely and spaced apart; A monopole antenna is provided on the side of the first panel away from the second panel, and extends into the cavity between the first panel and the second panel, for communicating with the The first feed structure inside the cavity is connected to receive the first feed signal and generate vertically polarized radiation under the excitation of the first feed signal; A dipole antenna is provided on the side of the second panel close to the monopole antenna and extends away from the substrate for communicating with the second feed structure provided on the second panel. Connected to receive a second feed signal and generate horizontally polarized radiation under excitation of the second feed signal; A first guiding component is provided on the side of the first panel away from the second panel, and is located on the side of the monopole antenna away from the dipole antenna, for connecting the monopole antenna to the monopole antenna. When the sub-antenna generates vertically polarized radiation, the monopole antenna is guided to radiate in a direction away from the first guiding component. 2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the first guiding component includes: A plurality of spaced reflection arms are provided on the side of the first panel away from the second panel. Each of the reflection arms is located on the side of the monopole antenna away from the dipole antenna. The extension directions of the reflection arms are parallel to each other, and each of the reflection arms is used to generate surface current when the monopole antenna is vertically polarized to guide the monopole antenna to radiate in a direction away from the reflection arm. . 3. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein the first guiding component further includes: A reflective patch is vertically connected to the reflective arm and used to transmit the surface current of the reflective arm. 4. The antenna unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the number of the reflective patches is one, and the reflective patches cover a plurality of the reflective arms; or, the number of the reflective patches is more than one. Each of the reflective patches is connected to one of the reflective arms. 5. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of the reflection arms are arranged symmetrically, and the monopole antenna is provided on the symmetry axis of the plurality of reflection arms. 6. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the monopole antenna includes: Radiating branches are perpendicular to the plane of the first panel and spaced apart from the first panel, and extend into the cavity through the hollow area of the first panel for communicating with the first panel. The feed structure is connected to receive the first feed signal, and a surface current is generated under excitation of the first feed signal. 7. The antenna unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the monopole antenna further includes: A radiation patch is vertically connected to the radiating branches and used to transmit the surface current of the radiating branches. 8. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the dipole antenna includes: A first radiating arm, provided on the side of the second panel, is used to connect with the second feed structure on the second panel to receive the second feed signal; A second radiating arm is provided on the side of the second panel, or on a side of the second panel away from the first panel and spaced apart from the second panel; Wherein, the direction of the free end of the first radiating arm is opposite to the direction of the free end of the second radiating arm, and the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are used to jointly guide the radiation generated by the excitation of the second feed signal. Electromagnetic waves radiate in the direction of horizontal polarization. 9. The antenna unit according to claim 8, wherein the dipole antenna further includes: An impedance matching layer is provided between the second panel and the first radiating arm and is coplanar with the second panel, and is used to adjust the impedance matching of the dipole antenna. 10. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the dipole antenna includes: The folding radiating arm is in the shape of a ring with an opening and is located on the side of the second panel. The two ends of the opening of the folding radiating arm are connected to the second panel respectively. The folding radiating arm is connected to the second panel. The plane of the second panel is coplanar or perpendicular to the second panel, and the folded radiation arm is used to guide the electromagnetic wave generated by the second feed signal to radiate in a horizontal polarization direction. 11. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the height of the first guiding component is higher than the height of the monopole antenna, wherein the height is the third A directing component or the size of the monopole antenna in a direction away from the second panel. 12. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the spacing between the monopole antenna and the first guiding component is between 1/5 wavelength and 3/4 wavelength. Within the range, the wavelength is the center frequency wavelength when the monopole antenna radiates. 13. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the symmetry axis of the first guiding component is parallel to the symmetry axis of the dipole antenna. 14. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first panel and the second panel are both ground plates, and the first panel and the second panel are electrically connected; wherein , the monopole antenna extends into the cavity through the hollow area provided in the first panel. 15. The antenna unit according to claim 14, wherein the substrate further includes: A ground component is provided between the first panel and the second panel, and is used to electrically connect the first panel and the second panel. 16. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising: A second guiding component is provided on a side of the dipole antenna away from the second panel and spaced apart from the dipole antenna. The second guiding component is used to guide the dipole antenna. radiation direction. 17. A communication device, characterized in that it includes: The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1-16.