A kind of heat-exchange tube and manufacture method thereof and application
The present invention relates to a kind of heat-exchange tube, this heat-exchange tube is used for improving heat-transfer effect at ethane cracking furnace and other tubular heater.In addition, the invention still further relates to ethane cracking furnace and other tubular heater that adopts this heat-exchange tube.The present invention also further relates to the manufacture method of this heat-exchange tube, that is: the heat-exchange tube that adopts vacuum metling investment pattern precision casting technology manufacturing distortion sheet and heat exchange pipe to be made into integration.
Those skilled in the art knows that the key problem in technology that improves chemical products yields such as ethene, propylene comprises the raising cracking temperature and shorten the time of staying of raw material in boiler tube that this requirement improves the heat transfer efficiency of boiler tube.
For this reason, existing in the world manufacturer has adopted the quincunx boiler tube of spiral.From the cross section of the quincunx boiler tube of this spiral, the fin that distributing on the inwall of boiler tube, the central part of the quincunx boiler tube of spiral are hollow.Though this boiler tube structure has increased heat transfer area, has improved heat-transfer effect,, in the quincunx boiler tube of spiral, the material flow difference at the material flow of central part and inwall place is bigger, the corresponding temperature difference is also bigger, and it is insufficient and produce the possibility of coking phenomenon that this has increased cracking.
In recent years, those skilled in the art also attempts when increasing heat transfer area and improving heat-transfer effect, and the material flow difference of different parts in the boiler tube is reduced, so that corresponding more uniform temperature difference, thereby carry out cracking reaction better.China utility model CN 87 2 03192 U disclose a kind of device that can strengthen the heat exchange effect, it comprises heat exchange pipe and distortion sheet, this distortion sheet is formed by the rectangular sheet distortion that is provided with double wedge on two long limits, described distortion sheet is inserted in the heat exchange pipe, and the two ends of described distortion sheet are welded on the heat exchange pipe.Though this China's utility model has further been improved cracking reaction, but, because the mid portion of described distortion sheet can't be welded on the inwall of heat exchange pipe, and the flow velocity of material in heat exchange state pipe is fast, impulsive force is big, and therefore, the distortion sheet of this structure is bearing vibrational excitation, be easy to damage, in addition, can produce micro cyclone between each double wedge between the inwall of distortion sheet and heat exchange pipe, on two long limits of distortion sheet, it is insufficient and produce the possibility of coking phenomenon that this has increased cracking.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of heat-exchange tube, this heat-exchange tube can further improve the heat exchange effect, reduces the coking tendency, reliable and stable, the long working life of serviceability.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of heat-exchange tube, and distortion sheet smooth surface, the tube wall densification of this heat-exchange tube, scale error is little, form error is also little.
Further purpose of the present invention provides a kind of manufacture method of heat-exchange tube, to make heat-exchange tube simply, conveniently, inexpensively.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of pyrolysis furnace that adopts this heat-exchange tube, and it both can make the material rotation advance, and with strengthening heat transfer, did not cause obviously reducing the flow velocity of material in heat-exchange tube again; Both can improve the output of purpose chemical products, can prolong coke cleaning period again.
Further purpose of the present invention provides a kind of tubular heater that adopts this heat-exchange tube, and it improves heat-transfer effect with low cost, increases the material treating capacity.
According to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of heat-exchange tube, it comprises the inside that axially is at least partially disposed on this heat-exchange tube of the described distortion sheet of built-in distortion sheet along heat-exchange tube; This distortion sheet and heat-exchange tube are made into integration.
Particularly, the distortion angle of described distortion sheet is between 100~360 °.
Particularly, the ratio of the internal diameter of the axial length of 180 ° of described distortion sheet distortions and heat-exchange tube is between 2~3.
Particularly, the thickness of the tube wall of the thickness of described distortion sheet and heat-exchange tube is close; Be round-corner transition between the tube wall of described distortion sheet and heat-exchange tube.
Particularly, described heat-exchange tube adopts vacuum metling investment pattern precision casting technology to make.
According to a second aspect of the invention, provide a kind of pyrolysis furnace, comprised in the radiating furnace tube of this pyrolysis furnace that at least one root section is according to heat-exchange tube of the present invention; Each saves described heat-exchange tube and is arranged at least one section radiating furnace tube in the mode of space; Distance between two adjacent described heat-exchange tubes is at least 5 pitches.
Particularly, described heat-exchange tube is welded in the radiating furnace tube vertically.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, provide a kind of tubular heater, comprised in the boiler tube of this tubular heater that at least one root section is according to heat-exchange tube of the present invention; Each saves described heat-exchange tube and is arranged at least one section boiler tube in the mode of space; The axial length that the distortion of described distortion sheet is 180 ° is a pitch, and the distance between two adjacent described heat-exchange tubes is at least 5 pitches.
Particularly, described heat-exchange tube is welded in the boiler tube vertically.
According to a forth aspect of the invention, provide a kind of manufacture method of heat-exchange tube, adopted vacuum metling investment pattern precision casting technology, wherein, interior cavity mould is divided into several modules, and each module combinations becomes to meet the profile that twists plate shape.
Technical scheme according to heat-exchange tube of the present invention, when material in described heat-exchange tube, flow through the distortion sheet surperficial the time, this distortion sheet forces material to change over the rotation forward travel state from original plunger flow state, material in the heat-exchange tube produces lateral flow, tube wall to heat-exchange tube forms strong washing away, make the reduced thickness of the big boundary layer fluid layer of thermal resistance, thereby improve the heat exchange effect.
The improvement of heat exchange effect makes the inner wall temperature of heat-exchange tube descend again, and the coking tendency reduces, and this will further improve the heat exchange effect.
According to all being the curved surface of smooth transition in the material channel of heat-exchange tube of the present invention, do not make material may produce the position in dead band everywhere.Therefore, the coking tendency reduces good effect of heat exchange.
Distortion sheet and this heat-exchange tube according to heat-exchange tube of the present invention are made into integration, and the distortion sheet of this structure is not easy to damage.Therefore, reliable and stable, the long working life of this heat-exchange tube serviceability.
Adopt vacuum metling investment pattern precision casting technology to make according to heat-exchange tube according to the present invention, therefore, can make distortion sheet smooth surface, tube wall densification, scale error is little, form error is also little.
Because the surface smoothness height of heat-exchange tube inner chamber is therefore little to the flow resistance of material, and can prevent the local eddy current that produces, reduce the coking tendency.
In addition, adopt vacuum metling investment pattern precision casting technology to make, therefore, can make heat-exchange tube simply, conveniently, inexpensively according to heat-exchange tube of the present invention.Owing to adopt foundry engieering to make according to heat-exchange tube according to the present invention, therefore have solderability, can be connected in the boiler tube by welding method easily, therefore, can be simply, make things convenient for, install according to heat-exchange tube of the present invention inexpensively.
According to the present invention, the piecewise is provided with the heat-exchange tube of band distortion sheet on the original circular radiating furnace tube of pyrolysis furnace.Owing to only at certain position or several position of radiating furnace tube the heat-exchange tube that band twists sheet is set, in the whole tube side of radiating furnace tube, the total length of the heat-exchange tube of band distortion sheet only accounts for the very little part of whole tube side.Therefore, the resistance of material does not have big increase.Therefore, adopt the pyrolysis furnace of this heat-exchange tube, it both can make the material rotation advance, and with strengthening heat transfer, did not cause obviously reducing the flow velocity of material in heat-exchange tube again.
Under the distortion sheet effect of heat-exchange tube of the present invention, material in the heat-exchange tube produces lateral flow, tube wall to heat-exchange tube forms strong washing away, make the reduced thickness of the big boundary layer fluid layer of thermal resistance, thereby reduced the resistance of tube wall, can suitably improve the pace of material Flow of Goods and Materials.
In the present invention, heat-exchange tube has adopted the distortion sheet, though the resistance of material has the trend of increase, the negative effect that brings thus is more much smaller than the positive influences that the improvement owing to the heat exchange effect brings.Because the material temperature near tube wall has reduced, the surface of heat-exchange tube inner chamber reduces the coking tendency, therefore, adopts heat-exchange tube of the present invention both can improve the output of chemical products, can prolong coke cleaning period again.
Behind the heat-exchange tube of adding according to band distortion sheet of the present invention, because the inner wall temperature of the radiating furnace tube of pyrolysis furnace descends, can improve the service life of the radiating furnace tube of this pyrolysis furnace.
In like manner, adopt the tubular heater of this heat-exchange tube, can low cost improve heat-transfer effect, and can increase the material treating capacity.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing preferred embodiment of the present invention is elaborated, so that above-mentioned purpose of the present invention and advantage and other purpose and advantage are more prone to be understood, described accompanying drawing comprises:
Fig. 1 is the perspective photograph in kind according to the heat-exchange tube of several band distortion sheets of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the photo after a kind of material object with the heat-exchange tube that twists sheet according to the present invention is dissected;
Fig. 3 is the side view according to the heat-exchange tube of band of the present invention distortion sheet, wherein indicated the position of B-B, C-C, D-D section;
Fig. 4 is the end view drawing of seeing along arrow A or arrow E in as Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is along the sectional view of B-B line in as Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is along the sectional view of C-C line in as Fig. 3;
Fig. 7 is along the sectional view of D-D line in as Fig. 3; With
Fig. 8 shows in the radiating furnace tube of pyrolysis furnace or respectively saves the schematic diagram of a layout embodiment of heat-exchange tube in the boiler tube of tubular heater.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the photos in kind according to several embodiment of the heat-exchange tube of band distortion sheet of the present invention, can briefly understand the heat-exchange tube of band distortion sheet of the present invention thus.
Fig. 3 to Fig. 7 illustrates in greater detail an embodiment according to the heat-exchange tube of band distortion sheet of the present invention.
According to this embodiment of the invention, from as shown in Figure 4 cross section as can be seen, the heat-exchange tube 10 of band distortion sheet comprises tube wall part 1 and distortion sheet part 2, and the tube wall part 1 of this distortion sheet part 2 and heat-exchange tube is made into integration.Distortion sheet part 2 is separated into two material channels 3,4 that cross-sectional area is identical to heat-exchange tube 10 along the diametric(al) of heat-exchange tube 10.
According to thought of the present invention, in material channel 3,4, the connecting portion in the tube wall part 1 of twisting sheet part 2 and heat-exchange tube promptly by the corner part shown in Reference numeral 5,6,7 and 8, is round-corner transition between the tube wall of described distortion sheet and heat-exchange tube.Its knuckle can not be excessive, otherwise material channel 3,4 is too narrow, can influence the amount of flow of material.On the one hand, knuckle can not be too small, otherwise make mobile material form the dead angle eddy current herein, and form local coking easily in addition.
The length of the heat-exchange tube of band shown in Fig. 3 distortion sheet is a pitch, and therefore, the end view drawing of seeing along arrow A or arrow E is identical, and as shown in Figure 4, at this moment, the distortion sheet partly is the level of state.Fig. 5 shows in Fig. 3 the sectional view from left end 1/4 length, and at this moment, the distortion sheet partly is tilted to the left 45 °; Fig. 6 shows in Fig. 3 the sectional view from left end 1/2 length, and at this moment, distortion sheet part in vertical state; Fig. 7 shows in Fig. 3 the sectional view from left end 3/4 length, and at this moment, the distortion sheet is tilted to the right 45 °.
In a word, according to the heat-exchange tube 10 of band of the present invention distortion sheet, all be identical in shape and size along the cross section at its axial any section place.The different angle of inclination difference of just twisting sheet part 2.This reflects the twisted state that twists sheet.
In fact, distortion sheet 2 both can left-handedly twist, again can the dextrorotation distortion.
Particularly, distortion sheet 2 both can be in the inner diameter location of heat-exchange tube, can depart from the inner diameter location of heat-exchange tube again.Depart under the situation of inner diameter location of heat-exchange tube at distortion sheet 2, material channel 3,4 has the cross-sectional areas of different sizes.
Furtherly, the cross section of distortion sheet 2 both can linear state, again can curved state.
According to actual needs, the distortion sheet also can be designed to more complicated shape, being separated into plural material channel in the heat-exchange tube.
In fact, in heat-exchange tube according to the present invention, described distortion sheet can also can partly be arranged on the inside of this heat-exchange tube along being provided with in the axial length range of heat-exchange tube.
In the present invention, term " pitch " S is meant the axial length of 180 ° of distortion sheet distortions.Term " distortion ratio " Y is meant the ratio of the inside diameter D of pitch S and heat-exchange tube.That is: Y=S/D.
The Y value is more little, shows that then the degreeof tortuosity that twists sheet is big more, and therefore, the lateral flow of the material in heat-exchange tube tendency is big more, and the enhanced heat exchange effect is good more, and it is big more to reduce the coking tendency; Yet the resistance of material can increase, thereby can influence the flow velocity of material.
On the contrary, the Y value is big more, and the lateral flow tendency of the material in the heat-exchange tube is more little, the resistance of material is more little, yet it is also more little that the material in the heat-exchange tube washes away the effect of thickness of tube wall and attenuate boundary layer fluid layer, the enhanced heat exchange effect is weak more, reduces a little less than the effect of coking tendency.
Therefore, it is more important than especially to choose suitable distortion.In the present invention, distortion can obtain good effect than Y=2.5.And can obtain good effect equally than Y=2~3 in distortion.
In another embodiment, also ovalize generally of heat-exchange tube of the present invention.
If in the length range of the radiating furnace tube of pyrolysis furnace, all be provided with the distortion sheet, good certainly to strengthening the heat exchange effect, but the resistance of material can increase, thus can influence the flow velocity of material.For this reason, in the present invention, the piecewise is provided with the heat-exchange tube of band distortion sheet in the length range of the radiating furnace tube of pyrolysis furnace, leaves the blank pipe section of certain-length between two adjacent described heat-exchange tubes.Because the rotatory inertia of material, material still can rotate in the blank pipe section and advance.That is to say that each saves described heat-exchange tube and is arranged in the radiating furnace tube in the mode of space; Distance between described two adjacent described heat-exchange tubes is at least 5 pitches.
Particularly, the distance between described two adjacent described heat-exchange tubes is 15 to 20 pitches.
Particularly, in the present invention, the radiating furnace tube of some pyrolysis furnace can be provided with described heat-exchange tube of the present invention, and can not be provided with described heat-exchange tube of the present invention at the radiating furnace tube of other pyrolysis furnace.In other words, described heat-exchange tube of the present invention can only be arranged in the radiating furnace tube of a part of pyrolysis furnace.
Particularly, described heat-exchange tube of the present invention can be arranged in the radiating furnace tube of the pyrolysis furnace that extends with level, vertical or any incline direction.
Fig. 8 shows a layout that respectively saves heat-exchange tube in the radiating furnace tube of pyrolysis furnace.In the length range of the radiating furnace tube of pyrolysis furnace, the distortion of the heat-exchange tube of each band distortion sheet can be identical than Y, also can be different, and the distortion of the heat-exchange tube of each band distortion sheet can design according to actual needs than Y.Distance between per two adjacent described heat-exchange tubes can be identical, also can be different, can design according to actual needs.
The length of described heat-exchange tube can also can be slightly larger than a pitch less than a pitch.That is to say that the distortion angle of described distortion sheet can be less than 180 °, also can be greater than 180 °.The distortion angle of described distortion sheet is between 100~360 °, and particularly, the distortion angle of described distortion sheet is usually between 100~200 °.
In addition, if the thickness of described distortion sheet is excessive, then the inner space of the heat-exchange tube that is occupied is too much, and therefore, the amount of flow of material can reduce.Because the souring that the distortion sheet is bearing material if the thickness of described distortion sheet is thin excessively, then will reduce its service life.In the present invention, the thickness of described distortion sheet be heat-exchange tube tube wall thickness about 80%.In fact, under the close situation of the thickness of the tube wall of the thickness of described distortion sheet and heat-exchange tube, all can obtain good effect.
Particularly, described heat-exchange tube can be welded in the radiating furnace tube vertically, also can adopt to be threaded or connected mode that other is suitable is connected in the radiating furnace tube.
Particularly, heat-exchange tube according to the present invention can be used for the augmentation of heat transfer of the pyrolysis furnace of the augmentation of heat transfer of ethane cracking furnace or other chemical products.In fact, the present invention can be used for adopting any tubular heater of this heat-exchange tube.Therefore, heat-exchange tube of the present invention also can be used in the boiler tube of other tubular heater.
Particularly, according to the manufacture method of heat-exchange tube of the present invention, adopt vacuum metling investment pattern precision casting technology, wherein, interior cavity mould is divided into several modules, and each module combinations becomes to meet the profile that twists plate shape.
Although above embodiments of the invention are had been described in detail, those skilled in the art will appreciate that pointed embodiment only is that the present invention will be described for convenience, the present invention is not limited only to the various embodiments described above.Under thought of the present invention was guided, those skilled in the art can carry out various modifications, replenish or replace the present invention, yet this can not exceed the spirit and scope of the present invention.