CN113381277A - Circular polarization laser of chiral metamaterial - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种手性超材料的圆偏振激光器，属于激光和电磁超材料领域。包括增益介质和谐振腔。增益介质为固体，位于谐振腔内；谐振腔，包括两个手性保偏超表面反射镜，手性保偏反射镜是包含由金属底板、介质衬底和金属阵列的手性超材料，金属阵列结构覆于介质衬底上。线偏振泵浦光从一个手性保偏超表面反射镜后向进入谐振腔，借助手性保偏超表面反射镜的圆偏振选择特性，仅单一圆偏振光能在两个手性反射镜之间多次反射，通过增益介质实现圆偏振光的相干加强，超过增益介质阈值后输出圆偏振激光。
The invention provides a circularly polarized laser of a chiral metamaterial, which belongs to the fields of lasers and electromagnetic metamaterials. Including gain medium and resonator. The gain medium is solid and is located in the resonant cavity; the resonant cavity includes two chiral polarization-maintaining metasurface mirrors. The chiral polarization-maintaining mirror is a chiral metamaterial composed of a metal base plate, a dielectric substrate and a metal array. The metal The array structure is overlaid on the dielectric substrate. The linearly polarized pump light enters the resonator backward from a chiral polarization-maintaining metasurface mirror. With the help of the circular polarization selection property of the chiral polarization-maintaining metasurface mirror, only a single circularly polarized light can be transmitted between the two chiral mirrors. After multiple reflections, the coherence enhancement of the circularly polarized light is realized through the gain medium, and the circularly polarized laser is output after the threshold value of the gain medium is exceeded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser and electromagnetic metamaterials, in particular to a circular polarization laser of a chiral metamaterial.
Background
Laser plays an important role in material processing, measurement control, medical diagnosis and other applications due to its unique advantages of high working efficiency, high brightness, high monochromaticity and high directionality, and has become a research hotspot at present. Solid lasers, liquid lasers, gas lasers, tunable lasers, and the like are widely used in many fields such as communications and ranging. Circularly polarized laser light attracts the attention of researchers because circularly polarized light has rotational symmetry and hardly changes during the transmission process of a system, and is suitable for the communication field. In the current polarized laser, the polarized laser is mainly realized by using a resonant cavity, a gain medium and a pumping source, but the resonant cavity has the defects of large size, low efficiency, heavy volume and difficult operation. Thus, there is an increasing demand for efficient, small-sized, and highly integrated polarization lasers.
The super surface is a two-dimensional form of a metamaterial formed by arranging artificially designed resonance units and can be used for regulating and controlling the transmission characteristic of electromagnetic waves. For the precise design of the artificially designed resonance unit, the super-surface can generate a plurality of novel optical phenomena, such as vortex rotation, circular dichroism, spin hall effect, surface wave and the like. When the resonant unit structure is changed, the transmission, dispersion, coupling effect and the like of the super surface can be changed greatly. The super surface interacts with the optical field, and active control on light transmission can be realized. The super surface has obvious advantages in developing miniaturized multifunctional photonic devices, and thus has received increasing attention from researchers.
The general meaning of chirality is that a mirror image of an object cannot coincide with the object by simply translating, rotating, it is widely found in nature, such as molecules, proteins, crystals, etc. In the field of metamaterials, the characteristic of chirality can cause special phenomena such as strong optical rotation and circular dichroism. In recent years, chiral metamaterials have attracted much attention because they have a more chiral optical effect than natural materials. Therefore, researchers have conducted extensive research into realizing broadband circular polarizers, asymmetric transmission, and transmission-type spin selective absorbers.
In recent years, polarized lasers have been widely used for sensing, measurement, and the like. Spin selective mirrors based on chiral metamaterials have been implemented in the microwave band (app. phys. lett.,2017,110(23): 231103). The chiral metamaterial reflector can realize high reflection of right-handed circularly polarized light and high absorption of left-handed circularly polarized light. In addition, scientists studied circularly polarized light beam shaping based on metamaterials, (adv. opt. mater.,2014,2, 978-.
In 2008, the prof. zheludev group, south ampton university, uk, proposed using two-dimensional arrays of coherent metamaterials to achieve plasmon gain amplification, as shown in fig. 9. The device consists of a gain medium plate and asymmetric metal split ring resonators which are arranged periodically. The asymmetric metal split ring can be excited to generate antisymmetric current distribution, radiation of electric dipoles and magnetic dipoles generated by the current distribution generates a cancellation phenomenon in space, so that the two-dimensional array metamaterial can support electromagnetic resonance with a high Q value, has coherence, and can generate space and time coherent surface plasmon radiation in a gain medium.
In 2020, the professor team of Song Qinghai and Hangjie (Shenzhen) made an important breakthrough in the field of ultrafast modulated micro lasers (Science, 2020,367, 1018) and the new principle of the proposed all-optical switch is expected to break through the contradiction between the ultrashort switching time and the ultralow energy consumption. They studied the optical switching mechanism of the topology protection BIC, ensuring the mutual ultrafast switching of the micro laser from the radially polarized ring beam to the linearly polarized side lobe beam. The extremely high quality factor of the BIC can obviously reduce the laser threshold value, thereby breaking through the bottleneck of the traditional all-optical switch.
The circularly polarized laser has important significance for the development of the fields of optical detection, optical imaging and the like, and has good application prospect. However, the circular polarization laser based on the metamaterial is still a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a circular polarization laser based on a chiral metamaterial, which has low output light intensity and small volume.
The object of the invention is achieved in that:
a circular polarization laser of chiral metamaterials comprises a resonant cavity and a gain medium positioned in the resonant cavity, wherein the resonant cavity comprises two opposite chiral polarization-maintaining super-surface reflectors, the chiral polarization-maintaining reflectors are chiral polarization-maintaining super-surface reflectors formed by a metal bottom plate, a medium substrate and a metal array, and a metal array structure is covered on the medium substrate. The linear polarization pump light enters the resonant cavity after passing through one chiral polarization maintaining super-surface reflector, single circularly polarized light is reflected for multiple times between the two chiral polarization maintaining super-surface reflectors, the gain medium performs coherent enhancement on the circularly polarized light, and circular polarization laser is output after the threshold value of the gain medium is exceeded.
The invention may also include such features:
1. the geometric shape of the array unit of the metal array is one of a rectangle-like shape, a trapezoid-like shape, a rhombus-like shape, an ellipse-like shape, an open resonant ring, a reverse open nested resonant ring, an L-like shape, an I-like shape, a double grating-like shape and the like.
2. The handedness and/or light intensity of the output circularly polarized light is determined by selecting the array unit geometry and/or the spatial layout of the metal array.
The resonant cavity of the circular polarization laser of the chiral metamaterial comprises two opposite chiral polarization-maintaining super-surface reflectors, a linear polarization pump source is arranged on the outer side of the resonant cavity, linear polarization pump light enters the resonant cavity from the back of one chiral polarization-maintaining super-surface reflector, only single circular polarization light can be reflected for multiple times between the two chiral reflectors by virtue of the circular polarization selection characteristic of the chiral polarization-maintaining super-surface reflectors, the coherent enhancement of the circular polarization light is realized through a gain medium, and the circular polarization laser is output after the threshold value of the gain medium is exceeded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the shape and the spatial distribution of the chiral super-surface geometric unit can determine the rotation direction and the output light intensity of the circularly polarized laser;
2. the circular polarization laser of the chiral metamaterial can work in visible light, near infrared light or middle infrared wave bands;
3. the circular polarization laser is small in size, easy to integrate and easy to realize, and provides a feasible laser design scheme for the fields of communication, sensing and the like;
4. due to the flexible design of the super-surface, the output characteristic of the circular polarization laser can be easily regulated and controlled;
5. the output of the circular polarization laser is only related to the design of the chiral super-structured surface, and the polarization characteristic is not influenced by other factors.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of a chiral super-surface based circularly polarized laser;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a chiral super-surface based circularly polarized laser (outputting left-handed circularly polarized laser light);
FIG. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of polarization conversion of left-handed circularly polarized light by a chiral polarization maintaining super surface;
FIG. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of polarization conversion of right-handed circularly polarized light by a chiral polarization maintaining super surface;
FIG. 4 is a structural design effect diagram of a right-handed circularly polarized laser based on a chiral metamaterial;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the effect of another structure design based on a chiral metamaterial left-hand circular polarization laser;
FIG. 6(a) is a diagram of a quasi-rectangular array unit shape of a chiral super-surface metal array;
FIG. 6(b) is a diagram of the shape of an array unit of an open resonant ring of a chiral super-surface metal array;
FIG. 6(c) is a diagram of the shape of a trapezoid-like array element of a chiral super-surface metal array;
FIG. 6(d) is a diagram of the shape of an I-shaped array unit of a chiral super-surface metal array;
FIG. 6(e) is a diagram of the shape of an inverted open nested resonant ring array unit of a chiral super-surface metal array;
FIG. 6(f) is a diagram of a unit shape of a quasi-bigrating array of a chiral super-surface metal array;
FIG. 6(g) is a diagram of a rhomboid array element shape of a chiral super-surface metal array;
FIG. 6(h) is a diagram of the shape of an L-like array element of a chiral super-surface metal array;
FIG. 6(i) is a diagram of the elliptical array cell shape of a chiral super-surface metal array;
FIG. 7(a) is a chiral super-surface map of an irregular spatially distributed rectangular array of elements;
FIG. 7(b) is a chiral super-surface diagram of C4 structure composed of L-shaped array units;
FIG. 7(c) is a G-shaped chiral super-surface map of a diamond array unit;
FIG. 7(d) is a chiral super-surface map consisting of two open-ended resonant ring array units;
FIG. 7(e) is a chiral super-surface map consisting of two I-shaped like array units;
FIG. 7(f) is a chiral hypersurface composed of three elliptical array elements;
FIG. 8(a) is a super-surface diagram of circularly polarized light in the optical band;
FIG. 8(b) is a graph of the reflection coefficient of a circularly polarized light super-surface in the optical band;
FIG. 9 is a gain amplifier with plasmon achieved by two-dimensional arrangement of coherent metamaterials.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
With reference to fig. 2, a first embodiment of the present invention includes a resonant cavity and a gain medium 4 located in the resonant cavity, the resonant cavity includes two opposite chiral polarization maintaining super-surface mirrors, the first chiral polarization maintaining mirror includes a first metal base plate 3-1, a first dielectric substrate 1-1 and a first metal array 2-1, the second chiral polarization maintaining mirror includes a second metal base plate 3-2, a second dielectric substrate 1-2 and a first metal array 2-2, the metal array covers the dielectric substrate, the array unit of the metal array has a rectangular geometry, 12 rectangular metal array units are arranged on the dielectric substrate in a 4 × 3 uniform regular manner to form the chiral super-surface, the dielectric substrate is made of one of silicon, silicon dioxide, etc., the metal array is made of one of copper, gold, aluminum, etc., the gain medium is a bandgap semiconductor, Laser glass, ceramic, laser dye, and the like. The linear polarization pump light enters the resonant cavity after passing through the first chiral polarization maintaining super-surface reflector, single circularly polarized light is reflected for multiple times between the two chiral polarization maintaining super-surface reflectors, the gain medium performs coherent enhancement on the circularly polarized light, and the lefthanded circularly polarized laser is output after the threshold value of the gain medium is exceeded.
With reference to fig. 4, a second embodiment of the present invention is based on the first embodiment, in which the geometry of the array unit of the metal array is changed into a rhombus, 11 rhombus metal array units are irregularly arranged on the dielectric substrate to form a chiral super-surface, the linearly polarized pump light enters the resonant cavity from the first chiral polarization maintaining super-surface reflector, the single circularly polarized light is reflected between the two chiral polarization maintaining super-surface reflectors for multiple times, the gain medium performs coherent enhancement on the circularly polarized light, and the right-handed circularly polarized laser light is output after the threshold of the gain medium is exceeded.
With reference to fig. 5, a third embodiment of the present invention is based on the first embodiment, in which the geometric shape of the array unit of the metal array is changed to be trapezoidal, 9 trapezoidal metal array units are uniformly and regularly arranged on the dielectric substrate in a 3 × 3 manner to form a chiral super surface, the linearly polarized pump light enters the resonant cavity from the first chiral polarization maintaining super surface mirror, the single circularly polarized light is reflected between the two chiral polarization maintaining super surface mirrors for multiple times, the gain medium performs coherent enhancement on the circularly polarized light, and the left-handed circularly polarized laser light is output after the threshold of the gain medium is exceeded.
In the above examples, coherent enhancement of circularly polarized light can be achieved at the same time.
With reference to fig. 6(a) to 6(i), the geometry of the metal array unit constituting the chiral hypersurface can also be selected as follows: quasi-rectangular, open resonant ring, quasi-trapezoidal, quasi-I-shaped, reverse open nested resonant ring, quasi-double grating, quasi-rhombic, quasi-L-shaped, oval and the like.
With reference to fig. 7(a) to 7(f), the arrangement of the metal array units on the dielectric substrate can also be selected as follows: irregular spatial distribution formed by rectangular metal array units, regular C4 spatial distribution formed by L-shaped metal array units, G-shaped spatial distribution formed by rhombic metal array units, spatial distribution formed by two open resonant ring metal array units, spatial distribution formed by two I-shaped-like metal array units and spatial distribution formed by three oval metal array units.
The working principle of the reflector substrate of the invention is as follows:
the reflector substrate has different super-surface structures, and incident linearly polarized pump light enters the chiral super-surface to be subjected to polarization conversion. Because the chiral super-surface has the characteristics of polarization selection and high reflectivity, after two beams of linearly polarized pumping light pass through the chiral polarization maintaining super-surface, the polarization of the two beams of linearly polarized pumping light can be converted into circularly polarized light with different rotation directions by different chiral super-surface structures. The circularly polarized light obtained by polarization conversion is continuously reflected between the two chiral super surfaces and is amplified by gain. The chiral meta-surface of different spatial distributions and unit shapes can determine circularly polarized light of different handedness. Fig. 3(a) and 3(b) provide schematic diagrams of the conversion of incident linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. Fig. 3(a) is a schematic diagram of left-circularly polarized light obtained after polarization conversion, and fig. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of right-circularly polarized light obtained after polarization conversion. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a right-handed circularly polarized laser, and fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a left-handed circularly polarized laser. Fig. 8(a) and 8(b) are schematic diagrams of an implementation of a left-handed circularly polarized laser with an optical intensity I1.
With reference to fig. 6(a) to 6(i), array element shapes of chiral hypersurfaces of several different element shapes are provided. The array element geometry here is: a quasi-rectangle formed by combining three rectangles with different sizes; an open resonant ring; a reversed trapezoid shape; the H-shaped structure is formed by combining three rectangles with different lengths; a quasi-double grating shape formed by two rectangles with different lengths which are arranged in parallel; a rhombus-like shape formed by simplifying two circles in the middle of a rhombus; the L-like shape is formed by combining three rectangles with different sizes; an oval shape. In practical applications, the geometric shape of the array unit is not limited to the above, and can be modified and optimized according to specific requirements.
With reference to fig. 7(a) to 7(f), chiral super surfaces of different spatial distributions. The chiral super surfaces listed here are: the chiral super surface is formed by rectangular array units of the metal array in irregular spatial distribution; the chiral super surface of the C4 structure is formed by array units of four L-shaped metal arrays; a G-shaped chiral super surface formed by array units of the diamond-shaped metal array; the two array units of the resonant ring metal arrays are different in size and opening angle in the opening direction; the chiral super surface is formed by two array units of the I-shaped metal array with different sizes and rotation directions; the chiral super surface is formed by array units of three elliptical metal arrays with different rotation directions. In practical application, on the premise of ensuring that the super surface is chiral, the spatial distribution of the array units of the metal array is not limited to the above, and can be changed and optimized according to specific requirements.
With reference to fig. 8(a) to fig. 8(b), in the optical band 120-. Wherein gold is constructed by Drude model, wherein the plasma frequency is 1.367 x 1016rad/s, collision frequency 6.478X 1013And/s, the refractive index of silica is 1.47. The thickness of the gold reflecting plate is 20nm, the thickness of the silicon dioxide is 1000nm, and the thickness of the gold array is 50 nm. Fig. 8(a) is a schematic diagram of the cell structure, and fig. 8(b) is a reflection coefficient of circularly polarized light. The simulation was performed using CST, and the reflection spectrum obtained by the simulation is shown in FIG. 8(b), wherein r is++Representing the reflection coefficient, r, of light of right-hand polarization+-Denotes the circular cross-polarization reflection coefficient, r-+Denotes the circular cross-polarization reflection coefficient, r--Indicating the left-hand circularly polarized reflection coefficient. It can be seen from observing fig. 8(b) that the reflection curves of the circular cross-polarizations are always coincident, and the left-handed polarized wave and the right-handed polarized wave are reflected with a large difference at 138 THz. Indicating that the proposed chiral super-surface structure works best for polarization selection at 138 THz.
The structure of the nanostructured surface in the embodiment is only a schematic diagram, and does not limit the size, shape and direction of the nano-unit.
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Cited By (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114114680A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-01 | 上海交通大学 | Inverse design realization method of ultra-compact resonator |
| CN114609717A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-10 | 大连理工大学 | Single-layer transmission type circular polarizer suitable for visible light wave band |
| CN114624209A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-06-14 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Refractive index sensor based on polarization conversion of dielectric metasurface |
| CN114993961A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-09-02 | 电子科技大学 | Method for realizing multi-parameter detection of chiral material based on orbital angular momentum |
| CN115121485A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-30 | 杭州师范大学 | Method for separating active particles by using spiral obstacles |
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