CN113348963B - A kind of artificial cultivation method of Chinese saprophytic boletus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fungal cultivation, and discloses an artificial cultivation method of Boletus sinensis saprophyticus. The method includes the following steps: (1) preparing a cultivation substrate: mixing wood chips, cottonseed husks, corn cob, bran and cornmeal to obtain a culture material, and mixing magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sucrose according to 0.05% to 0.05% of the quality of the culture material. 0.1% is dissolved in water to obtain the cultivation substrate; (2) bagging and sterilization: the cultivation substrate is divided into bacterial bags, sterilized, and cooled for subsequent use; (3) inoculation and bacterial stick cultivation: the Chinese saprophytic bolete spp. The solid seeds are inoculated into the sterilized cultivation substrate, and cultivated in the dark; (4) The preparation of the covering soil material and the cultivation of the covering soil; (5) Fruiting management: After covering the soil for 10 to 15 days, a large number of golden yellow hyphae appear on the surface of the covering soil layer. When the primordium is formed, it will be transferred to fruiting management; (6) Harvesting. The method has low cost, short cultivation period, high yield and good quality of the mushrooms produced, and provides technical support for the protection, development and utilization of Chinese saprophytic boletus germplasm resources.

Description

A kind of artificial cultivation method of Chinese saprophytic boletus

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fungal cultivation, in particular to a method for artificial cultivation of Boletus saprophyticus sinensis.

Background technique

Chinese saprophytic boletus (Buchwaldoboletus xylophilus) belongs to the family Boletaceae and belongs to the genus Boletus saprophyticus, which is a rare bolete in the tropical regions of my country. In China, wild fruiting bodies of Boletus sinensis are found only in a very small number of areas such as Xishuangbanna Prefecture in Yunnan Province, Haikou City in Hainan Province, and Hong Kong; overseas are distributed in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, the Philippines and other places. At present, the wild resources of Boletus sinensis are scarce and the yield is low, and it is an endangered species. Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops Science and Hainan Medical College jointly conducted molecular identification and biological characteristics of wild Boletus sinensis collected from Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan Province and Haikou City, Hainan Province, and in April 2021, Buchwaldoboletus xylophilus Named "Chinese saprophytic bolete", the Chinese saprophytic bolete strain BU001 was deposited in the General Microbiology Center of the China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee on May 17, 2021, and the preservation number is: CGMCC No.: 21959. Depositary address: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. The fruiting body of Boletus sinensis is medium in size, with a beautiful mushroom shape, the cap is yellow-brown to brown, the stipe is brown to reddish-brown, the base mycelium is yellow, and the flesh is light yellow. The color gradually darkens and the spores are relatively small.

Artificial domestication is an important way to protect, develop and utilize wild edible mushroom resources, which can not only protect endangered species resources, but also meet the sample needs of human scientific research. As we all know, most boletes belong to mycorrhizal fungi, and it is difficult to achieve artificial cultivation. At present, except for Boletus dulcis, which has achieved industrialized annual stable cultivation and production, there are no reports of stable artificial cultivation of other boletes. In addition, mycorrhizal fungi such as pine milk mushrooms and truffles have been successfully cultivated by synthesizing mycorrhizal seedlings in a semi-artificial simulated cultivation method, but it takes a long time, 2 to 3 years, or even 6 to 7 years for fruiting. At present, there is no relevant report on the artificial cultivation of Boletus sinensis.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background technology, and provide a kind of artificial cultivation method of Boletus saprophyticus. The method has low cost, short cultivation period, high yield and good quality of the mushrooms produced, and provides technical support for the protection, development and utilization of Chinese saprophytic boletus germplasm resources.

In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the artificial cultivation method of Chinese saprophytic boletus of the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Preparation of cultivation substrate: Mix wood chips, cottonseed husks, corncob, bran, and cornmeal evenly to obtain a culture material, and dissolve magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and sucrose in water according to 0.05% to 0.1% of the quality of the culture material. Then evenly spray into the culture material and mix evenly, add water and stir to make the water content of the culture material reach 60-65%, to obtain the cultivation substrate of Boletus sinensis;

(2) bagging and sterilization: the cultivation substrate obtained in step (1) is divided into bacterial bags, each bag is 1-1.2kg, the tightness is moderate and even, punched, the bag mouth is covered with a plastic ring, and a waterproof plastic cover is used Seal, sterilize, and cool for later use;

(3) Inoculation and bacterial stick culture: inoculate the solid seed of Boletus sinensis into the sterilized culture medium in the aseptic operation table, and place it at a temperature of 25 to 28 ° C and an air humidity of 60 to 70 ° C after inoculation. % In the culture room, culture in the dark for 50-65 days, the mycelium can be covered with the bacteria bag;

(4) Preparation of soil-covering materials and soil-covering cultivation: After sieving the vegetable garden soil or paddy field soil, adjust the water content to 40-50%, mix it with peat soil or peat in an equal volume ratio, add water to keep the water content at 40-50%, open the Cover the mouth of the fungus bag with soil for 3-5cm, put it into the fruiting room for cultivation in the dark, keep the moisture content of the covering soil at 40-50%, the relative air humidity at 75-85%, and the temperature at 26-28°C;

(5) Fruiting management: After covering soil for 10-15 days, when a large amount of golden yellow mycelium appears on the surface of the covering soil and the primordium is formed, it is transferred to fruiting management. Light 300～500LX, keep ventilation, 5～7d fruit body grows and matures;

(6) Harvesting: Harvest in time when Boletus sinensis is mature and the cap is not flat.

Further, in the step (1), the mass ratio of sawdust, cottonseed husk, corncob, bran, and cornmeal in the culture material is 30-40:10-20:10-20:5-10:5-10.

Further, in the step (1), the mass ratio of magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sucrose in the culture material is 50-100:50-100:30-70.

The artificial cultivation method of Chinese saprophytic bolete of the present invention includes contents such as the formula of cultivation substrate of Chinese saprophytic bolete, bacterial stick culture, soil covering and fruiting management, etc., and realizes the artificial cultivation of Chinese saprophytic boletus for the first time, and the technology has low cost and high cultivation efficiency. The cycle is short, the mushrooms produced have high yield and good quality, and are suitable for industrialization and large-scale promotion and cultivation.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth, in part, from the following description, and in part will be apparent from the following description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. It should be understood that the following description is only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, step, method, article or device comprising the listed elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, step, method, article or device elements.

Example 1

A method for artificial cultivation of Chinese saprophytic boletus, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of cultivation medium: mix 40kg of sawdust, 20kg of cottonseed husks, 20kg of corncob, 10kg of bran, and 10kg of cornmeal, dissolve 100g of magnesium sulfate, 100g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 50g of sucrose in water, then spray evenly into The material is piled up and mixed evenly, and water is added and stirred to make the moisture content of the cultivation material reach 60-65%, so as to obtain the cultivation substrate of Boletus sinensis;

(2) bagging and sterilization: the cultivation substrate obtained in step (1) is divided into bacterial bags, each bag is 1-1.2kg, the tightness is moderate and even, punched, the bag mouth is covered with a plastic ring, and a waterproof plastic cover is used Seal, use high temperature, high pressure sterilization, temperature 121 ℃, sterilization time 90 ~ 120min, cool for standby;

(3) Inoculation and bacterial stick culture: Inoculate the solid species of Boletus sinensis strain into the sterilized culture medium in the aseptic operation table, and place the inoculated bacterial stick at a temperature of 25-28°C, and the air humidity In 60-70% of the culture room, culture in the dark for 50-65 days, the mycelium can be full of bacteria bags;

(4) Preparation of soil-covering materials and cultivation of soil-covering soil: After sieving the vegetable garden soil, adjust the water content to 45%, mix it evenly with the peat soil in an equal volume ratio, add water to adjust the water content to 45% again, open the mouth of the fungus bag and cover with soil 3 ～5cm, put it into the fruiting room for dark cultivation, keep the moisture content of the covering soil at 40～50%, the relative air humidity at 75～85%, and the temperature at 26～28℃;

(5) Fruiting management: cover soil for 10 to 15 days. When primordium appears on the surface of the covering soil, switch to fruiting management. The temperature is controlled at 26-30°C, the relative air humidity is 80-90%, the light is 300-500LX, and ventilation is maintained. , 5～7d fruiting bodies grow and mature, and each fungus bag can mature 2～3 fruiting bodies in one crop;

(6) Harvesting: When the Chinese saprophytic boletus is mature and the cap is not flat, it can be harvested in time. Each bacterial bag can be harvested for 1 to 2 crops, and each crop can harvest 105 to 135g of Chinese saprophytic boletus fresh mushrooms.

Example 2

A method for artificial cultivation of Chinese saprophytic boletus, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preparation of cultivation medium: mix 30kg of sawdust, 15kg of cottonseed husk, 10kg of corncob, 8kg of bran, and 5kg of cornmeal, dissolve each 50g of magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and sucrose in water, and then spray evenly into the material pile and mix evenly, add water and stir to make the moisture content of the cultivation material reach 60-65%, and obtain the cultivation substrate of Boletus sinensis;

(2) bagging and sterilization: the cultivation substrate obtained in step (1) is divided into bacterial bags, each bag is 1-1.2kg, the tightness is moderate and even, punched, the bag mouth is covered with a plastic ring, and a waterproof plastic cover is used Seal, use high temperature, high pressure sterilization, temperature 121 ℃, sterilization time 90 ~ 120min, cool for standby;

(3) Inoculation and bacterial stick culture: inoculate the solid species of Boletus sinensis strain into the sterilized culture medium in the aseptic operation table, and place the inoculated bacterial sticks at a temperature of 26-28 °C, and the air humidity In 60-70% of the culture room, culture in the dark for 50-65 days, and the mycelium is covered with bacteria bags;

(4) Preparation of soil-covering materials and soil-covering cultivation: after sieving the paddy soil, adjust the water content to 50%, mix with peat in an equal volume ratio, add water, adjust the water content to 50% again, and open step (3) to cultivate Cover the mouth of the fungus bag with soil for 3-5cm, put it into the fruiting room for dark cultivation, keep the moisture content of the covering soil at 40-50%, the relative air humidity at 75-85%, and the temperature at 26-28 ℃;

(5) Fruiting management: When covered with soil for 10-15 days, when a large number of golden yellow mycelium appears on the surface of the covering soil and primordium is formed, it is transferred to fruiting management. 300 ~ 500LX, keep ventilation, 5 ~ 7d fruit body growth and maturity, each bacterial bag can mature 2 ~ 3 fruit bodies;

(6) Harvesting: When the Chinese saprophytic boletus is mature and the cap is not flat, it can be harvested in time. Each bacterial bag can be harvested for 1 to 2 crops, and each crop can harvest 100 to 130g of Chinese saprophytic boletus fresh mushrooms.

Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above descriptions are only examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be Included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. An artificial cultivation method of Boletus sinensis, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing a culture medium: uniformly mixing sawdust, cottonseed hulls, corncobs, bran and corn meal to obtain a culture material, dissolving magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and cane sugar in water according to 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the culture material, uniformly spraying the culture material, uniformly mixing, adding water, stirring to enable the water content of the culture material to reach 60-65%, and obtaining the boletus chensinensis culture medium;

(2) bagging and sterilizing: subpackaging the culture medium obtained in the step (1) into fungus bags, wherein each bag is 1-1.2 kg, the tightness is moderate and uniform, punching is carried out, a plastic ring is sleeved on a bag opening, a waterproof plastic cover is used for sealing, sterilization is carried out, and cooling is carried out for later use;

(3) inoculation and fungus stick culture: inoculating solid strains of Boletus putrescens strains into a sterilized culture medium in an aseptic operation table, placing the inoculated strain sticks in a culture room with the temperature of 25-28 ℃ and the air humidity of 60-70%, and culturing in a dark place for 50-65 days, wherein hyphae can grow over the strain bags;

(4) preparing a soil covering material and performing soil covering culture: sieving vegetable garden soil or rice field soil, adjusting the water content to 40-50%, mixing the sieved vegetable garden soil or rice field soil with peat soil or grass carbon in an equal volume ratio, adding water to keep the water content at 40-50%, opening the opening of a fungus bag and covering soil for 3-5 cm, putting the fungus bag into a fruiting room for light-proof culture, keeping the water content of a covering soil layer at 40% -50%, the relative air humidity at 75% -85%, and the temperature at 26-28 ℃;

(5) and (3) fruiting management: after earthing for 10-15 days, carrying out fruiting management when a large amount of golden yellow hyphae appear on the surface of the covering soil layer and primordia are formed, controlling the temperature at 26-30 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air at 80-90%, illuminating for 300-500 LX, keeping ventilation, and growing and maturing the sporocarp for 5-7 days;

(6) harvesting: collecting timely when the Boletus putrescentiae is mature and the pileus is not flat;

the mass ratio of the wood chips, the cottonseed hulls, the corncobs, the bran and the corn meal in the culture material in the step (1) is 30-40: 10-20: 10-20: 5-10: 5-10; in the step (1), the mass ratio of magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and sucrose in the culture material is 50-100: 50-100: 30-70.