CN103194407B - Straw-decomposition composite microbial preparation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rice straw decomposing composite microbial preparation and a preparation method thereof. The preparation is composed of Bacillus welschii, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, staphylococcus, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Aspergillus niger according to a certain mass percentage It is made by mixing and is suitable for the direct full-scale return of rice straw to the field. It can significantly speed up the decomposition rate of rice straw and facilitate the migration of transplanted stubble; it can also increase the content of organic matter, increase the activity of soil enzymes, improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, and improve the quality of rice in the next season. At the same time, it can also improve the soil, increase the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, reduce weight and increase efficiency, and reduce the environmental pollution caused by rice straw burning. The comprehensive benefits are remarkable.

Description

A kind of rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to a microbial preparation, which belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and is used for returning rice straw directly to the field in full, in particular to a rice straw decomposing composite microbial preparation and a preparation method and a use method thereof.

Background technique

my country's annual output of rice straw is about 200 million tons, which is not only rich in resources and renewable, but also contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon and rich organic matter. Rice straw burning not only causes a great waste of resources and serious pollution to the environment, but also greatly reduces the input of soil organic matter, which seriously affects the sustainable cultivation of soil. Returning straw to the field can effectively increase the accumulation of soil organic matter and nutrient content; change the composition and characteristics of soil humus; improve the physical properties of the soil; increase the types and quantities of soil microorganisms, increase the biological activity and soil enzyme activity, thereby promoting crop growth development, increase crop yields, and save production costs.

However, due to the "nitrogen competition" phenomenon between microorganisms and crops in the process of straw decomposition, rice straw returning to the field will also affect the growth of crops in the case of improper management. With the development of mechanical harvesting, the rapid development of rice straw returning to the field in full, how to promote the rapid decomposition and decay of rice straw is a major problem to be solved in current rice production. .

Invention content

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation and a preparation method thereof, which is used for direct returning full amount of rice straw to the field, and the preparation has a fast decomposing speed, easy method and simple operation.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation, comprising:

Aspergillus niger , the depository unit is the General Microbiology Center of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms (CGMCC for short, address: No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zip Code 100101), and the preservation date is On January 18, 2013, the deposit number is CGMCC No.7162;

Bacillus weihenstephanensis , the depository unit is the General Microbiology Center of China Committee for the Collection of Microbial Cultures (CGMCC for short, address: No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zip code 100101), deposit The date is January 18, 2013, and the deposit number is CGMCC No.7158;

The staphylococcus Staphylococcus condimenti , the preservation unit is the General Microbiology Center of the China Committee for Microbial Culture Collection (CGMCC for short, address: No. 3, No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zip code 100101), and the preservation date is On January 18, 2013, the deposit number is CGMCC No.7161;

Amyloliquefaciens Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , the depository unit is the General Microbiology Center of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microbial Cultures (CGMCC for short, address: No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zip code 100101), deposit The date is January 18, 2013, and the deposit number is CGMCC No.7159;

Achromobacter xylosoxidans , preserved by the General Microorganism Center of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms (CGMCC for short, address: No. 3, Yard No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zip code 100101) , the date of deposit is January 18, 2013, and the deposit number is CGMCC No.7157;

Bacillus megaterium , the depository unit is the General Microbiology Center of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms (CGMCC for short, address: No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zip code 100101), and the date of deposit On January 18, 2013, the deposit number is CGMCC No.7160.

A rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation is characterized in that it is prepared by the bacterial classification of the following mass percentages:

Achromobacter xylosoxidans 1%—35% Bacillus megaterium 2%—25%

Bacillus wechnerii 5%—25% Staphylococcus 0.5%—20%

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 8%—25% Aspergillus niger 15%—55%

A preparation method of rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation, the steps are:

1) Cultivation of Aspergillus niger: Inoculate Aspergillus niger on potato medium at a culture temperature of 28-30°C as a first-grade seed slant; then inoculate it on a solid fermentation medium for expanded cultivation until the number of spores in the product reaches 1.0 ~3.0× ¹⁰⁸ pcs/g;

2) Cultivation of Bacillus wei, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus, and Achromobacter xylose oxidation: Bacillus wei, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus, xylose oxidizing bacteria Chromobacterium test tube slant species were first inoculated on beef extract peptone medium at a culture temperature of 28-30°C for primary seed slant culture; then inoculated into the liquid fermentation medium in the Erlenmeyer flask for shaking secondary liquid culture; Then transfer it to the liquid fermentation medium in the fermenter for three-stage liquid fermentation until the number of viable bacteria in the product reaches 1.0~2.0× ¹⁰⁹ /ml;

3) Bacterial fermentation broth mixed with the above-mentioned Bacillus wei, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus, and Achromobacter xyloseoxidans is adsorbed with an adsorbent at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 4:1, and air-dried in a cool place Finally, each bacterial solid preparation was obtained, with a moisture content of 17% to 20%, and the number of viable bacteria > 1.5× ¹⁰¹⁰ /g;

4) Dry the above solid culture of Aspergillus niger in a cool air, then grind and sieve to make a solid preparation of rice straw fungus with a moisture content of 17%-20% and a spore concentration of >1.0× ¹⁰¹⁰ /g;

5) Mix the above-mentioned bacterial solid preparation and fungal solid preparation according to a certain mass percentage, inspect according to the quality standard, and pack the finished product according to weight to obtain the rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation.

The weight components of the solid fermentation medium are: 50g of bean dregs, 10g of rice straw powder, 0.1g of MgSO ₄ 7H ₂ O, 0.1g of KH ₂ PO ₄ , 0.1g of CaCO ₃ . Bacteria 1h.

The weight components of the liquid fermentation medium are: peptone 5g, rice straw powder 10g, MgSO ₄ 7H ₂ O 0.3g, KH ₂ PO ₄ 0.5g, NaCl 0.5g, ZnSO ₄ 0.3g, tap water 1000mL, pH natural, Sterilize at a temperature of 121° C. for 30 minutes.

The adsorbent is peat, wheat germ flour, defatted corn germ flour, corn cob fragments, coarse bran, soybean fine powder or grains with strong water absorption, and a combination of at least two of them.

The application of the rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation in the direct full amount of rice straw returning to the field.

The invention has the advantages that: the application of the rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation can significantly accelerate the rice straw decomposition rate, and the rice straw returned to the field can be completely decomposed within 6-8 days, which does not affect the transplanting of the next season rice, and is beneficial to the migration of the transplanted stubble ; and can increase organic matter content, increase soil enzyme activity, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and increase rice yield in the next season; at the same time, it can also improve soil, increase water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce weight and increase efficiency, and reduce environmental pollution caused by rice straw burning. The comprehensive benefits are significant. 

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples. The rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation is suitable for returning rice stalks to the field. , Staphylococcus, Achromobacter xyloseoxidans.

A kind of rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation, it is prepared by the bacterial classification of following mass percentage:

bacteria mass percentage bacteria mass percentage Achromobacter xylosoxidans 1%—35% Bacillus megaterium 2%—25% Bacillus welcheei 5%—25% staphylococcus 0.5%—20% Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 8%—25% Aspergillus niger 15%—55%

A rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation, its optimal range is formulated by the bacterial classification of the following mass percentages:

bacteria mass percentage bacteria mass percentage Achromobacter xylosoxidans 5%—25% Bacillus megaterium 5%—15% Bacillus welcheei 10%—20% staphylococcus 5%—10% Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 10%—20% Aspergillus niger 25%—50%

A kind of rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation, its optimum proportion is formulated by the bacterial classification of following mass percentage:

bacteria mass percentage bacteria mass percentage Achromobacter xylosoxidans 12% Bacillus megaterium 8% Bacillus welcheei 14% staphylococcus 10% Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 12% Aspergillus niger 44%

A kind of rice straw decomposing composite microbial preparation, another optimal proportion of it is formulated by the bacterial classification of following mass percentage:

bacteria mass percentage bacteria mass percentage Achromobacter xylosoxidans 20% Bacillus megaterium 15% Bacillus welcheei 10% staphylococcus 5% Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 20% Aspergillus niger 30%

Embodiment 1: a kind of rice straw decomposes compound microbial preparation, it is formulated by following mass percent raw material:

bacteria mass percentage bacteria mass percentage Achromobacter xylosoxidans 12% Bacillus megaterium 8% Bacillus welcheei 14% staphylococcus 10% Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 12% Aspergillus niger 44%

The Aspergillus niger, Achromobacter xyloseoxidans, Bacillus welschii, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus in the table are all preserved in the General Microorganism Center of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, referred to as CGMCC.

A preparation method of rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation, the steps are:

1. Separate expansion culture of each strain:

1) Cultivation of Aspergillus niger: Inoculate Aspergillus niger on potato medium (refer to microbiology experiment textbook) at a culture temperature of 28°C, make a first-level seed slant, then inoculate it into a triangular flask for shaking secondary liquid culture, and then Inoculate it on a solid fermentation medium for tertiary cultivation until the number of spores in the product reaches 1.0-3.0× ¹⁰⁸ /g.

2) Cultivation of Bacillus wei, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus, and Achromobacter xylose oxidation: Bacillus wei, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus, xylose oxidizing bacteria Chromobacterium test tube slant species were first inoculated on beef extract peptone medium (refer to microbiology experiment textbook) respectively, and the culture temperature was 28°C for primary seed slant culture, and then inoculated into the liquid fermentation medium in the Erlenmeyer flask for secondary shaking Liquid culture, and then transferred to the liquid fermentation medium in the fermenter for three-stage liquid fermentation, until the number of viable bacteria in the product reaches 1.0~2.0×10 ⁹ /ml.

2. Preparation of bacterial preparations for efficiently decomposing rice straw:

Adsorb the bacterial fermentation liquid of the above-mentioned Bacillus wei, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, etc. with an adsorbent at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 4:1, and dry it in a cool air to obtain high-efficiency Various bacterial solid preparations for decomposing rice straw, the water content is 17%~20%, and the number of viable bacteria is >1.5×10 ¹⁰ /g.

3. Preparation of fungal preparations for efficiently decomposing rice straw:

Dry the above solid culture of Aspergillus niger in a cool air, then grind and sieve to prepare a solid preparation of rice straw fungus with a moisture content of 17%-20% and a spore concentration of >1.0×10 ¹⁰ /g.

4. Preparation of compound microbial preparations for efficiently decomposing rice straw:

After the above-mentioned composite bacterial preparation and fungal preparation are mixed and stirred according to a certain mass ratio, they are inspected according to quality standards, and the finished products are divided and packaged according to weight to obtain the rice straw decomposing composite microbial preparation.

Example 2:

A kind of rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation, it is formulated by following mass percent raw material:

bacteria mass percentage bacteria mass percentage Achromobacter xylosoxidans 20% Bacillus megaterium 15% Bacillus welcheei 10% staphylococcus 5% Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 20% Aspergillus niger 30%

The Aspergillus niger, Achromobacter xyloseoxidans, Bacillus welschii, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus in the table are all preserved in the General Microorganism Center of China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, referred to as CGMCC.

Its preparation steps are identical with embodiment 1.

Test case 1: The test of rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation was carried out in Yangxi Village, Wenzhen Town, Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province in the late season of 2009. The pH value of the tested soil was 6.5, containing 42.3 g·kg ^-1 of organic matter, 1.87 g·kg ^-1 of total nitrogen, 151 mg·kg ^{-1 of} alkaline nitrogen, 6.0 mg·kg ^-1 of available phosphorus, and 178 mg·kg of available potassium kg ^-1 . The previous stubble was early rice, and after the early rice was harvested, it was machine-cut and returned to the field in full. The rice straw was cut into 10 cm length by the harvester, and then transplanted by rotary tillage.

Four treatments were set up in the experiment: (1) Control without rice straw returning to the field, that is, all the early rice straw after mechanical harvesting was removed from the test field; (2) Full amount of rice straw was returned to the field; (3) Full amount of rice straw was returned to the field + rice straw decomposed compound microbial preparation , the dosage of rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation was 30 kg·hm ^-2 ; (4) the whole amount of rice straw was returned to the field + Huzhuling, and the dosage of Huzhuling was 30 kg·hm ^-2 .

Analysis of test results:

1) Color change of straw: After three days of treatment with rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation, from the point of view of color, there is basically no change in the color without adding this preparation, but there are obviously many black spots on the surface of rice straw treated with this preparation; the two control treatments The straw is hard, but the straw treated with this preparation becomes soft. After 8 days of treatment with this preparation, the rice straw without this preparation just appeared black, while the color of the rice straw treated with this preparation was already very black; in terms of strength, the straw without this preparation was not easy to break, and the rice straw treated with this preparation was not easy to break. Instantly break.

2) Effects on soil physical and chemical properties: Returning full amount of rice straw to the field and adding this preparation can significantly increase the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil, and enhance the activities of invertase, urease, catalase and cellulase.

3) Effect on late rice yield: Experimental data show that the addition of this preparation can increase the number of grains per panicle, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and yield of late rice. Rice straw returning to the field Adding this preparation can significantly increase the yield of late rice, and the effect of increasing yield is more obvious than that of a single rice straw returning to the field in full.

The method of using the rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation of the present invention: 1) Spread the rice straw flatly, cut the rice straw into small sections with a length of 8-12 cm when the rice is harvested, and spread it evenly in the field;

2) Apply rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation, 25-45kg per hectare, evenly spread on the surface of rice straw, 75-150kg of urea per hectare, sprinkle on the surface of rice straw to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio;

3) Turn tillage, immediately perform rotary tillage after soaking in water, mix the rice straw with the rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation and turn it into the ground together, and transplant it after overnight;

4) Post-management, water and fertilizer management shall be carried out according to conventional management.

Test case 2: The test was carried out in the rice test field of Jiangxi Agricultural University Science and Technology Park. The test soil had pH 6.2, organic matter 20.01g/kg, total nitrogen 0.158g/kg, alkaline nitrogen 80.08 mg/kg, available phosphorus 18.32 mg/kg, Available potassium 63.2 mg/kg. Six treatments were set up in the experiment, namely, no returning rice straw, returning rice straw, returning rice straw+this preparation, not returning rice straw+chemical fertilizer, returning rice straw+chemical fertilizer, returning rice straw+chemical fertilizer+this preparation. The early rice was sown on March 9 and transplanted on April 4, with a row-to-plant spacing of 23.1cm×13.2cm. The experiment was arranged in random blocks and repeated 3 times. The area of the plot was 10 m ² (2m×5m). Ridges were built between the plots and embedded with plastic film to prevent the flow of water and fertilizer. After the plot is completed, the late rice straw that is manually cut to a length of about 10 cm is evenly sprinkled into the plot, and then the preparation is evenly sprinkled after irrigation, and manually stepped into the field. The amount of rice straw returned to the field is 0.5 kg/m ² of air-dried rice straw, and the application rate of this self-made preparation is 5 g/m ² . The application rate of urea was 36 g/m ² , applied according to base fertilizer: tiller fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 5:2:3; the application rate of potassium chloride was 30 g/m ² , applied according to base fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 7:3; The application rate of calcium phosphate is 62.5 g/m ² , and it is applied once when preparing the soil.

Analysis of test results:

1) Effects on physical and chemical properties of soil: Returning rice straw to the field with chemical fertilizers and this preparation can effectively increase the number of soil bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, and enhance the activities of invertase, urease, and catalase. Compared with fertilization without rice straw returning to the field and without fertilization, the application of chemical fertilizers and this preparation with rice straw returning to the field increased the content of different forms of organic carbon in the soil and the carbon pool management index, among which the active organic carbon and carbon pool management index increased by 10.33~ 28.88%, 12.85~30%.

2) Effects on rice yield: The yield of rice straw returning to the field combined with chemical fertilizers and bacterial agents was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the yield increased by 3.56-23.29%.

Matters needing attention of the rice straw decomposing compound microbial preparation of the present invention:

1) Store the product in a cool and dry place, avoid strong light exposure.

2) Avoid mixing and using with strong acids, strong alkalis, volatile chemicals and fungicides.

3) Increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer in order to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio and avoid the influence of microorganisms competing for nutrients with crops in the early stage of reproduction

4) According to the environmental temperature and fertility of different fields, the dosage can be adjusted as appropriate.

Claims (5)

1. a straw decomposition complex microorganism preparations, is characterized in that, it is prepared by the bacterial classification of following mass percent:

Preserving number is the Achromobacter xylosoxidans (Achromobacter xylosoxidans) 1%-35% of CGMCC No.7157

Preserving number is the bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) 2%-25% of CGMCC No.7160

Preserving number is the Bacillus weihenstephanensis (Bacillus weihenstephanensis) 5%-25% of CGMCC No.7158

Preserving number is the staphylococcus (Staphylococcus condimenti) 0.5%-20% of CGMCC No.7161

Preserving number is the bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) 8%-25% of CGMCC No.7159

Preserving number is the aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) 15%-55% of CGMCC No.7162.

2. a preparation method for straw decomposition complex microorganism preparations as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the steps include:

1) cultivation of aspergillus niger: aspergillus niger is inoculated on potato culture, culture temperature is 28 ~ 30 DEG C, makes first order seed inclined-plane; Then be inoculated on solid fermentation substratum and make enlarged culturing, reach 1.0 ~ 3.0 × 10 to product miospore number ⁸individual/gram;

2) cultivation of Bacillus weihenstephanensis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, staphylococcus, Achromobacter xylosoxidans: by Bacillus weihenstephanensis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, staphylococcus, Achromobacter xylosoxidans test tube slant kind, first be seeded in respectively on beef-protein medium, culture temperature is 28 ~ 30 DEG C, makes first order seed slant culture; Then be inoculated in triangular flask and in liquid fermentation medium, do the cultivation of vibration secondary liquid; And then proceed in fermentor tank and make tertiary liquid fermentation in liquid fermentation medium, to product, viable count reaches 1.0 ~ 2.0 × 10 ⁹individual/ml;

3) the ferment product sorbent material above-mentioned Bacillus weihenstephanensis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, staphylococcus, Achromobacter xylosoxidans mixed is that 4:1 adsorbs by solid-to-liquid ratio, each bacterial solids preparation is obtained after cool place is air-dry, moisture content 17% ~ 20%, viable count > 1.5 × 10 ¹⁰individual/gram;

4) above aspergillus niger solid culture is carried out cool place air-dry after, mill and sieve, namely make efficient-decomposition straw fungus solids preparation, moisture content 17% ~ 20%, its spore concentration > 1.0 × 10 ¹⁰individual/gram;

5) by after above-mentioned bacterial solids preparation and the mixing of fungus solids preparation, by quality standard inspection, finished product carries out packing by weight, obtains straw decomposition complex microorganism preparations.

3. preparation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the composition by weight of described solid fermentation substratum is: bean dregs 50g, rice straw powder 10g, MgSO ₄7H ₂o 0.1g, KH ₂pO ₄0.1g, CaCO ₃0.1g, pH nature, is 121 DEG C in temperature after mixing thoroughly and carries out sterilizing 1h.

4. preparation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the composition by weight of described liquid fermentation medium is: peptone 5g, rice straw powder 10g, MgSO ₄7H ₂o 0.3g, KH ₂pO ₄0.5g, NaCl 0.5g, ZnSO ₄0.3g, tap water 1000mL, pH nature, is 121 DEG C in temperature and carries out sterilizing 30min.

5. preparation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described sorbent material is the combination of the peat composed of rotten mosses, wheat-germ meal, the maize powder of degreasing, corn cob fragment, bran or soybean fine powder and at least wherein two kinds of compositions.