CN113226140B - 具有改善的熔接缝强度的真空清洁器过滤袋 - Google Patents
具有改善的熔接缝强度的真空清洁器过滤袋 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113226140B CN113226140B CN201980083986.4A CN201980083986A CN113226140B CN 113226140 B CN113226140 B CN 113226140B CN 201980083986 A CN201980083986 A CN 201980083986A CN 113226140 B CN113226140 B CN 113226140B
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Abstract
本发明涉及真空清洁器过滤袋,其具有袋壁(1),该袋壁(1)包括:包含回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯rPET的支撑层(8),由包含聚丙烯PP、PET和/或回收聚丙烯rPP的熔喷无纺布制成的细滤层(6),和由包含rPET、回收纺织材料TLO和/或rPP的无纺布制成的容量层(5),其中所述袋壁(1)还包括由无纺布或纤维网形成并且包含rPP作为主组分的至少一层中间层(7);和其中所述至少一层中间层设置在支撑层(8)与细滤层(6)之间和/或在细滤层(6)与容量层(5)之间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及真空清洁器过滤袋,特别是具有至少部分由回收材料制成的袋壁的真空清洁器过滤袋。
背景技术
特别是可持续并且环境友好的真空清洁器过滤袋可以使用纺织品废料(TLO,纺织品剩余物)和/或回收塑料制成。在WO 2018/065164 A1和WO 2017/158026 A1中公开了此类过滤袋的实例。
对于此类真空清洁器过滤袋,不可避免地在无纺布层叠体的一层内和层与层之间都采用不同且不均匀的基材。例如,支撑层通常由回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯rPET形成,而细滤层包括例如具有高熔体流动指数的聚丙烯PP,并且容量层包括TLO。为了实现回收塑料的更优的高比例,在许多情况下优选采用轻的细滤层。
为了互相连接各个层,通常创建超声波熔接缝。在该过程中,将频率为20kHz至35kHz且工具振幅为5μm至50μm的纵向振荡引入至要在压力下连接的无纺布。通过振荡形成的摩擦热使无纺布的材料熔融。在声波的引入完成时,材料必须在仍然施加的压力下短暂冷却以固化(solidification)。因此,将在短时间内形成能经得住的熔接缝。
然而,无纺布反而具有对超声波能量不利的传输特性。具有许多孔的无纺布由于其结构而具有很高的吸声系数。因此,为了获得良好的熔接结果,必要的是,要连接的材料优选在熔点和化学性质(非晶/半结晶)方面都相互匹配。这并不总是可能的,并且特别是对于上述回收材料的环境友好的真空清洁器过滤袋,结果是困难的。
为了改善熔接缝强度(weld seam strength),已经研究了各种办法。
例如,DE 20 300 781 U1公开了热塑性材料的材料条,其可以任意地设置并且用于增强连接缝。然而,此类材料条难以沿纵向定位,并且特别是难以沿横向定位。
EP 2 944 247 A1公开了袋接缝的结构和尺寸,特别是在高克重的情况下,其实现了良好的强度特性。
然而,所建议的解决方案都没有提供在不同回收材料的真空清洁器过滤袋中提供良好的熔接缝强度的制造友好的解决方案。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种真空清洁器过滤袋,其袋壁由可持续塑料制成并且其熔接缝具有充分的强度。
该目的通过根据本发明的真空清洁器过滤袋来实现。特别有利的改进可以在从属权利要求中找到。
本发明人出乎意料地发现,通过包含回收聚丙烯rPP作为主组分的无纺布或纤维网的中间层,可以实现熔接缝强度的基本改进。特别是中间层导致支撑层或容量层更好地连接至细滤层,从而提高了熔接缝的最大拉伸力。包含rPP的中间层的熔体在这里用作各层之间的熔接助剂。
如果在支撑层与细滤层之间设置中间层,以及在细滤层与容量层之间也设置中间层,则在支撑层与细滤层之间的中间层可以称为“第一中间层”,细滤层与容量层之间的中间层可以称为“第二中间层”。中间层可以包括相对应的特征。因此,下文中还将提及“至少一层中间层”。于是,相对应的特征可以应用于一层或所有的中间层。甚至可以设置比这里提到的两层还多的中间层。
根据第一实例,支撑层作为袋壁的外层,可以是由rPET构成的长丝纺粘布(也简称为“纺粘布”),并且细滤层可以是由原生PP(新材料)构成的熔喷无纺布。在该实例中,容量层可以包括TLO。
术语“包含……作为主组分”是指至少一层中间层的材料包含大于50%、特别是大于70%、特别是大于90%的rPP,或者中间层的材料由rPP组成。该术语在本文中也用于真空清洁器过滤袋的其它部分。在这些情况下,该术语相应地表示各部分的材料包含大于50%、特别是大于70%、特别是大于90%的指定塑料,或者相应部分的材料由指定塑料组成。
出于本发明目的而使用的术语“回收塑料”应理解为“塑料回收物”的同义词。对于术语的定义,参考标准DIN EN 15347:2007。
因此,真空清洁器过滤袋的袋壁包括由多个层构成的透气性材料。这也称为层叠体。通过至少在支撑层、容量层和至少一层中间层中使用回收塑料,提供在生态方面明显有利的过滤袋。因此,与现有技术中已知的真空清洁器过滤袋相比,很少或根本没有新鲜/纯(原生)的塑料材料用于制造形成真空清洁器过滤袋的基础的无纺布或纤维网,而是主要或仅采用那些已经使用过并通过相应的回收过程回收的那些塑料。通过根据本发明的至少一层中间层,与现有技术中已知的袋相比,熔接缝强度也得到改进。
同时,至少一层中间层为袋壁的叠层体的一部分,换言之,其代表袋壁的完整一层。至少一层中间层与层叠体的其它层熔接,特别是经由至少一个超声波熔接缝熔接。因此,消除了如对于DE 20 300 781U1的材料条而言的繁琐定位。因此,从制造商的角度来看,根据本发明的真空清洁器过滤袋也提供了优势。
在本发明的意义上,此处,无纺布指的是经过固化步骤的缠结网,因此其具有足以例如通过机器(即在工业规模上)卷绕成卷或者松开卷绕的充分强度。卷绕所需的最小卷张力(web tension)为0.044N/mm。卷张力不应高于待卷绕材料的最小的最大拉伸力(根据DINEN 29073-3:1992-08)的10%至25%。这导致待卷绕材料的最小的最大拉伸力为8.8N/5cm带宽。
纤维网,简单地仅称为“网”,对应于未经过固化步骤的缠结网,因此与无纺布相比,这种缠结网不具有足以例如通过机器分别卷绕成卷或松开卷绕的充分强度。
换言之,根据ISO标准ISO9092:1988或CEM标准EN29092的定义使用术语无纺布(“非织物(non-woven)”)。此处描述的定义和/或方法的使用细节也可摘录自标准著作"Vliesstoffe",W.Albrecht、H.Fuchs、W.Kittelmann,Wiley-VCH,2000。
对于至少一层中间层,可以采用无纺布和纤维网二者。
至少一层中间层可以特别地由短纤维无纺布或挤出无纺布制成。在短纤维无纺布的情况下,中间层相应地包含纤维,在挤出无纺布的情况下,中间层相应地包含所谓的长丝。相应地,短纤维非织物或挤出非织物也是可行的。
在挤出无纺布的情况下,特别是长丝纺粘布(纺粘布)是可行的,特别是粗糙的、非常松散的长丝纺粘布。
至少一层中间层的纤维或长丝可以具有比袋壁的其它层、特别是细滤层的纤维或长丝大的平均直径。特别地,至少一层中间层的纤维或长丝的平均直径可以大于5μm,特别是10μm至100μm,特别是30μm至100μm。相对地,细滤层的平均长丝直径可以小于5μm。
纤维或长丝的平均直径可以通过显微镜测量,特别是通过光学显微镜或扫描电子显微镜测量。特别地,一层、尤其是至少一层中间层的纤维或长丝的平均直径可以如下确定:取待检查层的至少十个样品,每个样品对应于待检查层的例如显微镜样品支架的尺寸的一个圆形截面。例如,每个截面可以是直径为12.5mm的圆盘。各个样品的厚度对应于要检查的层的厚度。然后在圆形表面的平面图中检查各个样品。对于每个样品,特别是通过放大倍数为250倍的扫描电子显微镜拍摄一张或多张照片。在多张照片的情况下,这些照片应取自样品的非重叠的部分区域。对于每个样品,在所有纤维/长丝的一张或多张照片中确定直径。选择至少十个样品的数量和/或每个样品的照片数量,使得获得至少500个直径的测量值。从这至少500个测量值,然后计算对应于纤维/长丝的平均直径的非加权算术平均值。
对于细滤层,原则上应用相同的程序。然而,由于长丝的细度,这里不得不应用1000倍的放大倍数。
例如,可以使用“Thermo Fisher Scientific”公司的“Phenom ProX扫描电子显微镜(SEM)”进行测量。纤维/长丝的测量可以使用可用于此目的“FiberMetric”程序进行,该程序也是“Thermo Fisher Scientific”公司的。
至少一层中间层的透气率可以大于2000l/m2/s,特别是大于4000l/m2/s,特别是大于8000l/m2/s。这可以确保层叠体的过滤相关特性不被中间层降低。
至少一层中间层的克重可以在5与50g/m2之间。
至少一层中间层可以是相对粗的无纺布或相对粗的纤维网。通过空间上更集中的材料分布,可以在熔接期间实现细滤层的更深的渗透。此外,粗纤维用作超声波的能量导向器。此外,这种粗材料的透气性高于相同重量的较细材料。
至少一层中间层的纤维或长丝的熔体流动指数(MFI)可以小于100g/10min,特别是小于50g/10min。因此,作为熔体的材料是粘性的,因此可以实现更稳定的连接。细滤层的材料的MFI在400与1500g/10min之间。这对应于PP的典型MFI、例如熔喷PP的MFI。此类PP的熔体在粘度方面类似于水。
熔体流动指数,也称为熔体质量流动速率,用于表征塑料在预定的压力和温度条件下的流动特性。换言之,熔体流动指数是衡量塑料熔体的流动特性的量度。
熔体流动指数根据ISO 1133定义,并且通过毛细管流变仪来测量。熔体流动指数表示在预定的加压下在10分钟内压过预定喷嘴的热塑性熔体的质量。
至少一层中间层可以特别地直接与细滤层邻接。换言之,可以设置袋壁的各层使得分别在细滤层与中间层之间、或者在细滤层与容量层之间没有另外的层。此外,至少一层中间层可分别直接与支撑层或容量层邻接,使得分别在中间层与支撑层之间、或者在中间层与容量层之间,也没有设置任何另外的层。由此,可以实现各层彼此之间特别有利的连接并且可因此实现牢固的熔接缝。
由包含回收塑料的无纺布制成的保护层可以朝向袋的内部地结合容量层。
保护层可以特别地对应于至少一层中间层而形成。换言之,保护层可以由与至少一层中间层相同的无纺布制成,即以rPP为主组分的无纺布制成。保护层也可以承担与中间层相当的功能,特别是如果在真空清洁器过滤袋的精整期间,保护层毗邻另一无纺布层并与其熔接。
支撑层可以特别地是包含rPET作为主组分或由其组成的纺粘布。
至少一层中间层的无纺布可以包括梳理材料。作为粘合步骤,机械方法(例如针刺)以及热方法(例如压延)都是可行的。同样,可以使用粘合纤维或粘合剂,如乳胶粘合剂。粗糙的挤出无纺布,例如纺粘布或气流成网材料也是可行的。
至少一层中间层的无纺布可以包含双组分纤维。双组分纤维(bico fibres)可以由芯和包封芯的包层形成。在这种情况下,特别地,芯可以由rPET形成和包层可以由rPP形成,或者反之亦然,芯可以由rPP形成和包层可以由rPET形成。除了芯/包层双组分纤维以外,还可以采用双组分纤维的其它常见变体,例如并排的双组分纤维。
双组分纤维可以以短纤维形式存在或形成为挤出无纺布(例如熔喷无纺布)中的长丝。
此外,真空清洁器过滤袋可以包括保持板。保持板可附接至真空清洁器壳体中的保持装置。由此,保持板可设置在、特别是可固定在真空清洁器壳体内的预定位置。保持板可以包括通道口,该通道口与袋壁中的通道口对齐,从而形成流入口,待清洁的空气可以通过该流入口流入真空清洁器过滤袋的内部。
保持板还可以包括回收塑料或由一种或多种回收塑料组成。特别地,保持板可以包括rPP和/或rPET,或者由其组成。
保持板可以特别地熔接至袋壁。特别地,在保持板和袋壁的最外层、特别是支撑层之间,可以设置无纺布元件作为结合装置。无纺布元件可以特别地包含rPP和/或rPET,保持板经由无纺布元件熔接至袋壁。无纺布元件可以特别地由与中间层相同的材料制成。
还可以将热塑性箔设置为保持板和袋壁之间的密封件。根据袋壁的外层和保持板的材料,密封元件的热塑性弹性体(TPE)可以是基于PP或基于PET的TPE。材料应相互匹配,即,在以PET作为主组分的保持板和外层中,密封材料也应该包含PET作为主组分,或者,如果保持板和外层包含PP作为主组分,则密封材料应为PP。
此外,可以在内部设置至少一个流量分配器和/或至少一个扩散器,其中优选地,至少一个流量分配器和/或至少一个扩散器由一种回收塑料或多种回收塑料形成。此类流量分配器或扩散器例如从专利申请EP 2 263 508、EP 2 442 703、DE 20 2006 020 047、DE20 2008 003 248、DE 20 2008 005 050中已知。也可以相应地设计包括流量分配器的根据本发明的真空清洁器过滤袋。
流量分配器和扩散器也优选由无纺布或无纺布的层叠体制成。对于这些元件,优选地,可以使用与用于容量层和增强层(后者也称为支撑层或保护层)相同的材料。
在进一步优选的实施方案中,所有回收材料的重量份数,基于真空清洁器过滤袋的总重量,为至少25%、优选至少30%、进一步优选至少40%、进一步优选至少50%、进一步优选至少60%、进一步优选至少70%、进一步优选至少80%、进一步优选至少90%、特别是至少95%。因此,可以达到Textile Exchange的全球回收标准(GRS)v3(2014年8月)的要求。
根据本发明的真空清洁器过滤袋可以形成为例如扁平袋、折边袋(gusset bag)、方底袋(block bottom bag)或3D袋的形式,例如用于立式真空清洁器的真空清洁器过滤袋。扁平袋没有侧壁并且由两层材料层形成,两层材料层沿其外周直接彼此连接,例如熔接或胶合。每一层材料层可以是层叠体,这意味着其本身可以包括多层无纺布层、或网和无纺布层。折边袋是扁平袋的改变形式,并且包括固定的侧折边或可外翻的侧折边。方底袋包括所谓的方块或衬垫底,其在大多数情况下形成真空清洁器过滤袋的窄侧;在这一侧,通常设置保持板。
对于许多塑料回收物,存在相关的国际标准。例如,对于PET塑料回收物,DIN EN15353:2007是相关的。PP回收物在DIN EN 15345:2008中表征。为了相应的特定塑料回收物的目的,本专利申请采用这些国际标准的定义。塑料回收物可以是非金属化的。其中一个实例是从PET饮料瓶回收的塑料薄片或碎片。同样,例如,如果回收物是从金属塑料箔中获得的,特别是金属化PET箔(MPET),则塑料回收物可以是金属化的。
回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(rPET)可以例如从饮料瓶、特别是所谓的瓶薄片,即破碎的饮料瓶的片获得。
为了本发明的目的,回收塑料,特别是回收PET和/或回收PP,在金属化的和非金属化的形态二者中,都可以纺成相应的纤维,由其可以制造相应的短纤维或熔喷或纺粘无纺布。
当在在本文中提及回收塑料时,缩写前有“r”,例如rPP或rPET。当在本文中使用不带前缀“r”的缩写时,这表示新的塑料材料(原生塑料)。
来自纺织品制造的回收材料(TLO),可以特别地用于容量层,特别是在纺织材料(特别是纺织品纤维和长丝,以及由其制造的线性、平面和三维纺织物)的加工中产生的,例如在纺织材料的制造(包括梳理、纺丝、裁剪和干燥)或回收中产生。这些粉末状和/或纤维状材料是可以沉积在用于加工纺织品的机器或过滤材料上的废料。粉尘(粉末)或纤维通常会被处理掉并且热回收。
粉末状和/或纤维状的回收材料例如是生产废物;这特别适用于在梳理、纺丝、裁剪或干燥纺织材料时作为废品产生的材料。这也被称为“消费前废物”。
在纺织材料的回收过程中,即,使用过的纺织材料或纺织品(例如旧衣服)的加工(例如切碎),也形成粉末状和/或纤维状的回收材料,这被称为“消费后废物”。
因此,来自纺织品制造的回收材料TLO可以特别地包括从纺织和服装行业的废料,从消费后废物(纺织品等),和/或从已收集用于回收的产品中获得的纤维和/或长丝。
本发明还提供根据本发明的真空清洁器过滤袋的制造方法。
如上所述,通过包含至少一层以rPP作为主组分的无纺布或纤维网的中间层的层叠体,可以实现熔接缝强度的改进。
层叠体的各层可包括一个或多个上述特征。
非织物层叠体的精整还可以包括形成至少一个熔接缝,并且该方法还可以包括在至少一个形成至少一个熔接缝的区域中将无纺布层叠体预压。已经发现,通过此类分两步的熔接,即在实际熔接之前进行预压,可以实现熔接缝强度的进一步改进。
预压可以通过超声波熔接、热熔接或通过加压来完成。这里的加压是指在不加热(即冷)和不引入超声波能量的情况下施加压力。
特别是,通过熔接缝连接的两个部分中的仅一部分可以被预压。这减少了所需的设备数量。
该方法还可以包括在非织物层叠体中冲压通道口,在通道口的区域中设置无纺布元件和保持板,并将保持板熔接至无纺布元件之上的材料网。
预压也可以用于袋壁的与保持板连接的区域。为此,首先将袋壁的环形区域预压。在随后的步骤中,冲压出通道口,并且在预压的环形区域的区域中熔接保持板。
无纺布层叠体可以以第一和第二材料网的形式提供。然后,真空清洁器过滤袋的精整可以包括重叠材料网并通过超声波熔接形成沿机器方向延伸的两个相对的纵向熔接缝和横向于机器方向延伸的两个相对的横向熔接缝,并且在横向熔接缝区域中分开以这种方式形成的袋。以这种方式,可以制造扁平袋。
如上所述,在熔接缝形成之前,可以在形成相应的熔接缝的区域中将一个或两个材料网预压。
该方法还可以包括形成侧折边,从而形成折边袋。
本发明还提供根据本发明的真空清洁器过滤袋。后者也实现了至少一层中间层的发明思想,但具有比本发明的真空清洁器过滤袋更简单的设计,因为可以消除容量层。
至少一层中间层、支撑层、细滤层和保护层可各自包括上述特征中的一个或多个。除了容量层之外,真空清洁器过滤袋的其余部分也可以包括上述特征中的一个或多个。
特别地,支撑层和保护层可以形成为纺粘无纺布。在这种情况下,产生了本身已知的纺粘-熔喷-纺粘(SMS)的基本结构,然而,该结构由根据本发明的至少一层中间层补充。
根据本发明的真空清洁器过滤袋的袋壁还可以包括多层细滤层,特别是熔喷无纺布形式的细滤层。
本发明还提供根据本发明的真空清洁器过滤袋的制造方法。这可以特别是根据本发明的真空清洁器过滤袋的制造方法。除了缺少容量层之外,该方法可以包括根据本发明的方法的上述特征中的一个或多个。
附图说明
下面将参考示例性附图说明本发明的进一步特征和优势。在附图中:
图1示意性示出示例性真空清洁器过滤袋的结构;和
图2示出示例性真空清洁器过滤袋的袋壁的截面中的示意性结构。
具体实施方式
图1示出示例性真空清洁器过滤袋的示意性结构。过滤袋包括袋壁1、保持板2和待过滤空气流入过滤袋的流入口。流入口在此由保持板2的基板中的通道口3和袋壁1中的与其对齐的通道口形成。保持板2用于将真空清洁器过滤袋固定在真空清洁器壳体内的相应支撑物中。
袋壁1包括多层无纺布层或多层无纺布层和纤维网层,它们从袋的内部至袋的外部相互重叠。无纺布层或纤维网层可以松散地一层一层地叠置或相互连接。该连接可以在整个表面(例如通过喷涂粘合剂)或准时(例如通过压延图案)完成。
各个层特别是在彼此之间和/或在一个相应的层内可以包括不同的塑料材料。
图1的示例性真空清洁器过滤袋是所谓的扁平袋,其中袋壁包括通过围绕熔接缝彼此连接的上侧和下侧。如上所述,扁平袋的上侧和下侧均包括多层过滤材料层,特别是多层无纺布层或多层无纺布层和纤维网层。上侧和下侧二者可以特别地由多层无纺布层的层叠体形成。然而,本发明不限于扁平袋,还可以应用于例如折边袋或方底袋。
有利地,该实例中的保持板2包括例如回收聚丙烯(rPP)或回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(rPET)等回收塑料材料的基板。
在此类真空清洁器过滤袋的操作中,围绕熔接缝的熔接缝强度特别重要。
图2示出袋壁的示例性结构,与已知的真空清洁器过滤袋相比,该结构导致熔接缝强度增加。
图2特别示出贯穿示例性真空清洁器过滤袋的袋壁的截面,例如贯穿图1的扁平袋的上侧。这里,层4朝向袋的内部设置,和层8设置在真空清洁器过滤袋的外侧。
层4为可以由任何回收纤维或长丝的无纺布形成的保护层。例如,保护层可以由包含rPP和/或rPET的无纺布形成,或由其组成。特别地,保护层4可以是纺粘布。
作为原材料,可以使用例如PET废物(例如冲压件(punching))和所谓的瓶薄片,即,破碎的饮料瓶的片。为了覆盖废物的不同颜色,可以对回收物进行着色。作为用于将纺粘网(spunlaid web)固化成纺粘布的热粘合方法,(Comerio Ercole)方法是特别有利的。
与保护层相邻设置容量层5。容量层5提供对冲击载荷的高抵抗力,并且允许过滤大粉尘颗粒,过滤很大比例的小粉尘颗粒,并贮存或保留大量的颗粒,允许空气轻松流过,从而导致具有高颗粒负载的低压降。容量层可以特别地包括纤维网和/或无纺布,其包括来自纺织品制造的粉末状和/或纤维状的回收材料(TLO),或者由其组成。容量层5还可以包含rPET和/或rPP、或由其组成。
容量层5优选具有5至200g/m2,特别是10至150g/m2,特别是20至100g/m2,特别是30至50g/m2的基重。
细滤层6朝向袋壁的外部,与容量层5邻接。在该实例中,细滤层6是挤出无纺布,特别是熔喷无纺布。细滤层6可以特别地包括(原生)聚丙烯、(原生)聚丙烯和(原生)聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的双组分纤维,和/或(原生)聚丙烯和回收聚丙烯的双组分纤维,或由其组成。
细滤层6用于通过捕获穿透例如保护层4和/或容量层5的颗粒来提高多层过滤材料的过滤性能。为了进一步提高分离性能,可以优选地使细滤层6带静电(例如通过电晕放电或水充电(hydro-charging)),特别是增加微粒物质的分离。
根据有利的实施方案,细滤层6具有5至100g/m2,特别是10至50g/m2,特别是10至30g/m2的基重。
克重(基重)根据DIN EN 29073-1:1992-08确定。
在该示意性实例中设置在最外位置的层是支撑层8。支撑层(有时也称为“增强层”)在此是将所需的机械强度赋予过滤材料的多层粘合体的层。支撑层可以特别是具有轻克重的、开口的、多孔的无纺布。支撑层8可以特别是包含rPET、或由其组成的纺粘布。
WO 01/003802提供对真空清洁器过滤袋的多层过滤材料内的各个功能层的概述。
根据本发明的一个示例性实施方案,在支撑层8和细滤层6之间设置中间层7,该中间层7由包含rPP作为主组分的无纺布制成。中间层7可为短纤维无纺布或挤出无纺布的无纺布层。令人惊讶地发现,此类中间层实质上改进了过滤袋的熔接缝强度。代替无纺布,纤维网也可用于中间层7。这是因为不需要中间层的固有强度。
如果中间层7的克重在5与50g/m2之间,同时纤维或长丝的平均直径为至少5μm,特别是在10μm与100μm之间,则可以实现熔接缝的最大拉伸力(这里简称为“熔接缝强度”)的特别有利的改进。此类无纺布相对粗糙。透气率可以为至少4000l/m2/s。
透气率根据DIN EN ISO 9237:1995-12确定。可以采用Texttest AG的透气率测试设备FX3300。特别地,可以采用200Pa的压差和25cm2的测试面积。
最大拉伸力的确定特别是在用宽度为5cm的带的情况下,可以根据DIN EN 29073-3:1992-08来进行。
中间层材料的熔体流动指数,特别是所采用的rPP的熔体流动指数,可以小于100g/10min。由此,可以进一步提高熔接缝的最大拉伸力。
如果熔接分两步进行,则可以实现熔接缝强度的进一步改进。在第一步中,特别是用于制造扁平袋的一个或两个材料网可以在熔接区域中预压。这种预压可以通过超声波熔接、热熔接或通过加压来完成。特别是,超声波发生器(sonotrode)可以在预压期间放置在层叠体的外部,这意味着与支撑层8直接接触。
用于熔接的超声波发生器和砧座(anvil)可以具有光滑的表面。然而,超声波发生器和/或砧座包括用于熔接操作的高-低结构是有利的,这意味着表面设置有凹凸(relief)。对于预压,两侧光滑的表面或较低的结构是有利的。然而,对于预压,所采用的超声波发生器和/或砧座也可以包括高-低结构,这意味着表面设置有凹凸。
在细滤层6与容量层5之间还可以设置附图中未示出的另外的第二中间层。第二中间层可以与第一中间层7相对应地设置,但其也可以与中间层7的一个或多个特征不同。仅必要的是,第二中间层也由包含rPP作为主组分的无纺布或纤维网制成。优选地,第二中间层的克重也在5与50g/m2之间,同时,纤维或长丝的平均直径为至少5μm,特别地在10μm与100μm之间。中间层材料的熔体流动指数,特别是所采用的rPP的熔体流动指数,也可以小于100g/10min。
容量层5也可以根据替代方案而消除,或者被另外的中间层或另外的细滤层代替。
为了说明rPP中间层的效果,进行了以下比较测量:
可选预压的影响从以下测量中将变得明显:
可以理解,上述实施方案中提到的特征不限于这些特定的组合,并且也可以是任何其它的组合。还可以理解,附图中所示的几何形状仅作为实例给出并且任何其它实施方案也是可行的。
Claims (21)
1.一种真空清洁器过滤袋,其具有袋壁(1),所述袋壁(1)包括:
支撑层(8),其包含回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯rPET;
细滤层(6),其由包含聚丙烯PP、PET和/或回收聚丙烯rPP的熔喷无纺布制成;和
容量层(5),其由包含rPET、回收纺织材料TLO和/或rPP的无纺布制成;
其中所述袋壁(1)还包括由无纺布或纤维网形成并且包含rPP作为主组分的至少一层中间层(7);和
其中所述至少一层中间层设置在所述支撑层(8)与所述细滤层(6)之间和/或在所述细滤层(6)与所述容量层(5)之间,
其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的无纺布或纤维网的纤维或长丝的平均直径大于5μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)由短纤维无纺布或短纤维网制成,或者由挤出无纺布或挤出网制成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的无纺布或纤维网的纤维或长丝的平均直径在10μm与100μm之间。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的透气率大于2000l/m2/s。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的透气率大于4000l/m2/s。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的透气率大于8000l/m2/s。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的克重在5与50g/m2之间。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的材料的熔体流动指数小于100g/10min。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的材料的熔体流动指数小于50g/10min。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)直接邻接至所述细滤层(6)。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中由包含回收塑料的无纺布制成的保护层(4)直接邻接至所述容量层(5)而朝向袋的内部。
12.根据权利要求11所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述保护层(4)与所述中间层(7)相对应地设置。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述支撑层为rPET的纺粘布。
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的无纺布包含双组分纤维。
15.根据权利要求1或2所述的真空清洁器过滤袋,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的无纺布包含芯由rPET形成并且包层由rPP形成的双组分纤维、或者反之亦然的双组分纤维。
16.一种真空清洁器过滤袋的制造方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供无纺布层叠体,其包括:
支撑层(8),其包含回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯rPET;
细滤层(6),其由包含聚丙烯PP、PET和/或回收聚丙烯rPP的熔喷无纺布制成;
容量层(5),其由包含rPET、回收纺织材料TLO和/或rPP的无纺布制成;和
至少一层中间层(7),其由无纺布或纤维网形成并且包含rPP作为主组分,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)设置在所述支撑层(8)与所述细滤层(6)之间和/或在所述细滤层(6)与所述容量层(5)之间;
其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的无纺布或纤维网的纤维或长丝的平均直径大于5μm;和
将所述无纺布层叠体精整为真空清洁器过滤袋。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述无纺布层叠体的精整包括形成至少一个熔接缝,并且所述方法还包括在至少一个形成所述至少一个熔接缝的区域中将所述无纺布层叠体预压。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述预压通过超声波熔接、热熔接或通过加压来完成。
19.根据权利要求17至18任一项所述的方法,其中超声波发生器在预压期间设置在所述支撑层(8)处或位于所述层叠体的更靠近所述支撑层(8)的一侧。
20.一种真空清洁器过滤袋,其具有袋壁(1),所述袋壁(1)包括:
支撑层(8),其包含回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯rPET;
细滤层(6),其由包含聚丙烯PP、PET和/或回收聚丙烯rPP的熔喷无纺布制成;和
保护层(4),其由包含回收塑料的无纺布制成;
其中所述袋壁(1)还包括由无纺布或纤维网形成并且包含rPP作为主组分的至少一层中间层(7);和
其中所述至少一层中间层(7)设置在所述支撑层(8)与所述细滤层(6)之间和/或在所述细滤层(6)与所述保护层(4)之间,
其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的无纺布或纤维网的纤维或长丝的平均直径大于5μm。
21.一种真空清洁器过滤袋的制造方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供无纺布层叠体,其包括:
支撑层(8),其包含回收聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯rPET;
细滤层(6),其由包含聚丙烯PP、PET和/或回收聚丙烯rPP的熔喷无纺布制成;
保护层(4),其由包含回收塑料的无纺布制成;和
至少一层中间层(7),其由无纺布或纤维网形成并且包含rPP作为主组分,其中所述至少一层中间层(7)设置在所述支撑层(8)与所述细滤层(6)之间和/或在所述细滤层(6)与所述保护层(4)之间;
其中所述至少一层中间层(7)的无纺布或纤维网的纤维或长丝的平均直径大于5μm;和
将所述无纺布层叠体精整为真空清洁器过滤袋。
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DE102018001601A1 (de) * | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-05 | Mann+Hummel Gmbh | Koaleszenzabscheider, insbesondere zur Verwendung in einem Kompressordruckluftsystem, Kompressordruckluftsystem sowie Verwendung eines Koaleszenzabscheiders |
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2018
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- 2018-12-17 ES ES18213001T patent/ES2857816T3/es active Active
- 2018-12-17 EP EP18213001.3A patent/EP3669734B1/de active Active
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- 2019-04-18 ES ES19170076T patent/ES2858369T3/es active Active
- 2019-04-18 EP EP19170076.4A patent/EP3669735B1/de active Active
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- 2019-04-18 DK DK19170076.4T patent/DK3669735T3/da active
- 2019-12-16 US US17/414,732 patent/US20220072457A1/en active Pending
- 2019-12-16 WO PCT/EP2019/085368 patent/WO2020127065A1/de active Application Filing
- 2019-12-16 AU AU2019406297A patent/AU2019406297B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
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AU2019406297B2 (en) | 2022-09-15 |
EP3669735B1 (de) | 2021-01-13 |
EP3669735A1 (de) | 2020-06-24 |
US20220072457A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
EP3669734A1 (de) | 2020-06-24 |
ES2857816T3 (es) | 2021-09-29 |
DK3669735T3 (da) | 2021-02-01 |
DK3669734T3 (da) | 2021-04-12 |
CN113226140A (zh) | 2021-08-06 |
WO2020127065A1 (de) | 2020-06-25 |
ES2858369T3 (es) | 2021-09-30 |
AU2019406297A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
EP3669734B1 (de) | 2021-02-03 |
PL3669735T3 (pl) | 2021-07-05 |
PL3669734T3 (pl) | 2021-07-05 |
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