CN113206602B - DC charger based on single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole - Google Patents
DC charger based on single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/066—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode particular circuits having a special characteristic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及电力电子电能变换技术领域，具体涉及一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器。The invention relates to the technical field of power electronic energy conversion, and specifically relates to a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole.
背景技术Background technique
随着近几年经济的飞速发展，电动汽车保有量不断攀升，发展纯电动汽车最重技术之一要是充电技术，大量充电站和充电桩的建设带来的大量充电设备接入电网，充电电源的性能会对电网和充电设备带来不同的影响。传统单相充电器的前端由于二极管整流桥的存在，使得充电器器的效率无法进一步提高，而全桥型的交直流变换器用全控开关管代替二极管作为整流桥，直流充电器的效率得到提高的同时，也带来了桥臂直通、开关损耗增大等问题。其中，伪图腾柱两电平整流电路结构以高效率、无桥臂直通的特点占据优势。但是伪图腾柱两电平器件承受直流侧电压，器件承受电压大、管子通态损耗大等问题，使得基于两电平伪图腾柱结构的直流充电器成本高、效率等问题。另外，两电平伪图腾柱结构限制直流充电器在中高压功率直流充电场合下的应用。With the rapid economic development in recent years, the number of electric vehicles has continued to rise. One of the most important technologies for the development of pure electric vehicles is charging technology. The construction of a large number of charging stations and charging piles has brought a large number of charging equipment to the power grid and charging power sources. The performance will have different impacts on the power grid and charging equipment. Due to the existence of the diode rectifier bridge at the front end of the traditional single-phase charger, the efficiency of the charger cannot be further improved. However, the full-bridge AC-DC converter uses a fully controlled switching tube instead of the diode as the rectifier bridge, and the efficiency of the DC charger is improved. At the same time, it also brings problems such as bridge arm pass-through and increased switching loss. Among them, the pseudo-totem pole two-level rectifier circuit structure has the advantage of high efficiency and no bridge arm pass-through. However, the two-level pseudo totem pole device withstands the DC side voltage, the device withstands high voltage, and the tube conduction loss is large, which makes the DC charger based on the two-level pseudo totem pole structure high cost and efficiency. In addition, the two-level pseudo-totem pole structure limits the application of DC chargers in medium and high-voltage power DC charging applications.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器，将传统的伪图腾柱式结构与三电平整流桥结合，利用一对双向开关管结构保持伪图腾柱两电平整流器优势的同时，利用三电平技术解决两电平整流器功率器件所受电压应力高的问题。该三电平整流器提高了电路的可靠性、降低开关电压应力、提高电流正弦度、降低了谐波含量。The invention provides a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole. It combines the traditional pseudo-totem pole structure with a three-level rectifier bridge, and uses a pair of bidirectional switch tube structures to maintain the two voltage levels of the pseudo-totem pole. While taking advantage of the flat rectifier, three-level technology is used to solve the problem of high voltage stress on the power devices of two-level rectifiers. The three-level rectifier improves circuit reliability, reduces switching voltage stress, increases current sinusoidality, and reduces harmonic content.
本发明采取的技术方案为：The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are:
基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器，该直流充电器包括：A DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole. The DC charger includes:
伪图腾柱桥臂、滤波电路、单相网格三电平整流桥；Pseudo totem pole bridge arm, filter circuit, single-phase grid three-level rectifier bridge;
所述伪图腾柱桥臂包括开关管：S1、S2，二极管D3、D4；The pseudo totem pole bridge arm includes switch tubes: S 1 and S 2 , diodes D 3 and D 4 ;
所述滤波电路包括电感L1、L2；The filter circuit includes inductors L 1 and L 2 ;
所述单相网格三电平整流桥包括二极管D1、D2，双回路网孔双向开关管、电容C1、C2、负载RL；The single-phase grid three-level rectifier bridge includes diodes D 1 and D 2 , a dual-loop mesh bidirectional switch, capacitors C 1 and C 2 , and a load R L ;
双回路网孔双向开关管包括开关管S3、S4，二极管D5、D6，开关管S5、S6，二极管D7、D8；The double-circuit mesh bidirectional switch tube includes switch tubes S 3 and S 4 , diodes D 5 and D 6 , switch tubes S 5 and S 6 , and diodes D 7 and D 8 ;
交流电源us一端分别连接二极管D1阳极、二极管D2阴极，交流电源us另一端分别连接电感L1一端、电感L2一端；One end of the AC power supply u s is connected to the anode of the diode D 1 and the cathode of the diode D 2 respectively, and the other end of the AC power supply u s is connected to one end of the inductor L 1 and one end of the inductor L 2 respectively;
电感L1另一端分别连接二极管D3阳极、开关管S1漏极、开关管S3源极、开关管S4漏极；The other end of the inductor L 1 is connected to the anode of the diode D 3 , the drain of the switch S 1 , the source of the switch S 3 , and the drain of the switch S 4 respectively;
电感L2另一端分别连接二极管D4阴极、开关管S2源极、开关管S5源极、开关管S6漏极；The other end of the inductor L 2 is connected to the cathode of the diode D 4 , the source of the switch S 2 , the source of the switch S 5 , and the drain of the switch S 6 respectively;
开关管S3漏极连接二极管D5阴极，二极管D5阳极连接二极管D6阴极，二极管D6阳极连接开关管S4源极；The drain of switch tube S 3 is connected to the cathode of diode D 5 , the anode of diode D 5 is connected to the cathode of diode D 6 , and the anode of diode D 6 is connected to the source of switch tube S 4 ;
开关管S5漏极连接二极管D7阴极，二极管D7阳极连接二极管D8阴极，二极管D8阳极连接开关管S6源极；The drain of switch tube S 5 is connected to the cathode of diode D 7 , the anode of diode D 7 is connected to the cathode of diode D 8 , and the anode of diode D 8 is connected to the source of switch tube S 6 ;
二极管D1阴极分别连接二极管D3阴极、开关管S2漏极、电容C1正极；The cathode of diode D 1 is connected to the cathode of diode D 3 , the drain of switch S 2 , and the anode of capacitor C 1 respectively;
二极管D2阳极分别连接二极管D4阳极、开关管S1源极、电容C2负极；The anode of diode D 2 is connected to the anode of diode D 4 , the source of switch S 1 , and the cathode of capacitor C 2 respectively;
电容C1负极分别连接二极管D5阳极、二极管D6阴极、二极管D7阳极、二极管D8阴极；The cathode of capacitor C 1 is connected to the anode of diode D 5 , the cathode of diode D 6 , the anode of diode D 7 and the cathode of diode D 8 respectively;
负载RL两端分别连接电容C1正极、电容C2负极。The two ends of load R L are connected to the positive electrode of capacitor C 1 and the negative electrode of capacitor C 2 respectively.
所述伪图腾柱桥臂由全控开关管和二极管组成一对不对称的整流桥臂，每支桥臂包括1个功率开关器件，1个钳位二极管。The pseudo-totem pole bridge arm consists of a pair of asymmetric rectifier bridge arms composed of fully controlled switching tubes and diodes. Each bridge arm includes a power switching device and a clamping diode.
所述单相网格三电平整流桥包含两个双向开关开关管，任意一个双向开关开关管由2个全控型开关管和2个二极管组成，与电感L1相连的结构为上网孔型双向开关，与电感L2相连的结构为下网孔型双向开关。The single-phase grid three-level rectifier bridge contains two bidirectional switching switch tubes. Each bidirectional switching switch tube is composed of 2 fully controlled switching tubes and 2 diodes. The structure connected to the inductor L 1 is a grid hole type. Bidirectional switch, the structure connected to the inductor L2 is a lower mesh type bidirectional switch.
所述单相网格三电平整流桥中包含两个相同结构的网孔双向开关，分别与两并联电感L1、L2连接，用于控制电感电流在电容之间的双向流通，实现桥臂之间的三电平输出。The single-phase grid three-level rectifier bridge contains two mesh bidirectional switches of the same structure, which are connected to two parallel inductors L 1 and L 2 respectively, and are used to control the bidirectional flow of inductor current between capacitors to realize the bridge Three-level output between arms.
该直流充电器电路在交流电源的一端并联两个相同的电感，双管结构升压变换器使得部分开关管电压/电流应力较低，开关管的导通损耗小，电压增益更高。This DC charger circuit connects two identical inductors in parallel at one end of the AC power supply. The dual-tube structure boost converter makes some switching tubes have lower voltage/current stress, the switching tubes have small conduction losses and higher voltage gain.
基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器中的桥臂采用伪图腾住式结构，保留伪图腾柱式结构不存在桥臂直通隐患、无开关管体二极管反向恢复问题，可靠性高、效率高等优点。所述开关管S1～S6均为带有体二极管的MOSFET(金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)或IGBT(绝缘栅双极型晶体管)。The bridge arm in the DC charger based on the single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole adopts a pseudo-totem pole structure. Retaining the pseudo-totem pole structure does not cause the hidden danger of bridge arm pass-through, and there is no switch tube body diode reverse recovery problem, which is reliable High performance and high efficiency. The switch tubes S 1 to S 6 are all MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors) or IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) with body diodes.
本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器，具有如下有益效果：The present invention is a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole, which has the following beneficial effects:
1)本发明采用伪图腾柱式结构，保留伪图腾柱整流器无桥臂直通隐患、无开关管体二极管反向恢复问题、可靠性高、效率高等优点。1) The present invention adopts a pseudo-totem pole structure and retains the advantages of the pseudo-totem pole rectifier, such as no bridge arm pass-through hazard, no switching tube body diode reverse recovery problem, high reliability, and high efficiency.
2)本发明将伪图腾柱结构与单相网格三电平整流桥相结合，在传统的伪图腾整流器的基础上，增加一组二极管桥臂和双向开关管，降低了开关应力，解决了开关管耐压高的问题，适合高压输出场合。2) The present invention combines a pseudo-totem pole structure with a single-phase grid three-level rectifier bridge. Based on the traditional pseudo-totem rectifier, a set of diode bridge arms and bidirectional switch tubes are added, which reduces switching stress and solves the problem. The switching tube has high voltage resistance and is suitable for high-voltage output occasions.
3)本发明采用双回路网孔双向开关管分别与电感L1、L2相连，单个网孔双向开关管的损坏不会影响电路的三电平输出，使得直流充电电路的可靠性大大提高。3) The present invention uses dual-circuit mesh bidirectional switch tubes to connect to the inductors L 1 and L 2 respectively. Damage to a single mesh bidirectional switch tube will not affect the three-level output of the circuit, greatly improving the reliability of the DC charging circuit.
4)本发明基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器，融合伪图腾柱整流技术及三电平拓扑技术，相对于传统的升压功率因数校正整流器，能有效地降低开关管的应力，开关管的导通损耗小，且不存在桥臂直通现象；同时由于电路中存在网孔型双向开关支路，基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器的可靠性被大大提高。4) The present invention is a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole, integrating pseudo-totem pole rectification technology and three-level topology technology. Compared with the traditional boost power factor correction rectifier, the invention can effectively reduce the switching cost of the switching tube. The stress, the conduction loss of the switch tube is small, and there is no bridge arm shoot-through phenomenon; at the same time, due to the presence of a mesh-type bidirectional switch branch in the circuit, the reliability of the DC charger based on the single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole was greatly improved.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器主拓扑结构图。Figure 1 is a main topological structure diagram of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图2为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器工作状态阶段一图。Figure 2 is a diagram of the working state stage of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图3为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器工作状态阶段二图。Figure 3 is a diagram of the second working state stage of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图4为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器工作状态阶段三图。Figure 4 is a three-stage diagram of the working state of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图5为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器工作状态阶段四图。Figure 5 is a diagram showing four working state stages of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图6为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器工作状态阶段五图。Figure 6 is a diagram showing the five working stages of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图7为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器工作状态阶段六图。Figure 7 is a diagram showing six working state stages of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图8为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器中开关管S1～S6对应的脉冲分配图。Figure 8 is a pulse distribution diagram corresponding to the switching transistors S 1 to S 6 in a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图9为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器稳定状态下输入侧电压电流波形图。Figure 9 is a waveform diagram of the input side voltage and current in the steady state of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图10为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器稳定状态下电感L1的电流波形图。Figure 10 is a current waveform diagram of the inductor L 1 in the steady state of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图11为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器稳定状态下电感L2的电流波形图。Figure 11 is a current waveform diagram of the inductor L 2 in the steady state of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图12为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器稳定状态下电压uB1O波形图。Figure 12 is a waveform diagram of the voltage u B1O in the steady state of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图13为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器稳定状态下电压uB2O波形图。Figure 13 is a waveform diagram of the voltage u B2O in the steady state of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
图14为本发明一种基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器稳定状态下直流输出电压udc波形图。Figure 14 is a waveform diagram of the DC output voltage u dc in the steady state of a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示，基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器，该直流充电器包括一对伪图腾柱桥臂、滤波电路、单相网格三电平整流桥。As shown in Figure 1, a DC charger based on a single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole includes a pair of pseudo-totem pole bridge arms, a filter circuit, and a single-phase grid three-level rectifier bridge.
所述一对伪图腾柱桥臂结构包括两个全控功率开关管S1、S2，2个普通二极管D3、D4，由全控开关管和二极管组成一对不对称的整流桥臂，每支桥臂包括1个功率开关器件，1个钳位二极管。S1漏极与电感L1和二极管D3阳极相连于节点B1，S2源极与电感L2和二极管D4阴极相连于节点B2。The pair of pseudo-totem pole bridge arm structures includes two fully controlled power switch tubes S 1 and S 2 and two ordinary diodes D 3 and D 4 . The fully controlled switch tube and the diode form a pair of asymmetric rectifier bridge arms. , each bridge arm includes a power switching device and a clamping diode. The drain of S 1 is connected to the node B 1 with the inductor L 1 and the anode of the diode D 3 , and the source of S 2 is connected to the node B 2 with the cathode of the inductor L 2 and diode D 4 .
所述滤波电路由滤波电感L1和L2组成，两个电感完全一致，分别与全控开关管S1的漏极、S2的源极相连，另一端并联接在交流电源的正极上，定义交流电源的负极为节点O。The filter circuit is composed of filter inductors L 1 and L 2. The two inductors are exactly the same and are connected to the drain of the fully controlled switch S 1 and the source of S 2 respectively. The other end is connected in parallel to the positive electrode of the AC power supply. Define the negative side of the AC power supply as node O.
所述单相网格三电平整流桥由2个二极管D1、D2、一对双向开关管以及2个电容C1、C2和一个负载RL组成。其中，二极管D1阳极连接二极管D2阴极，二极管D1、D2连接点连接交流电源的负极于点O；网孔双向开关管结构由2个全控型开关管和2个普通二极管组成，该单相网格三电平整流桥包含双回路网孔双向开关管，定义与电感L1相连的结构为上网孔双向开关，与电感L2相连的结构为下网孔双向开关。The single-phase grid three-level rectifier bridge is composed of two diodes D 1 and D 2 , a pair of bidirectional switch tubes, two capacitors C 1 and C 2 and a load R L. Among them, the anode of diode D 1 is connected to the cathode of diode D 2 , and the connection points of diodes D 1 and D 2 are connected to the negative pole of the AC power supply at point O; the mesh bidirectional switch tube structure consists of 2 fully controlled switch tubes and 2 ordinary diodes. The single-phase grid three-level rectifier bridge contains a dual-circuit mesh bidirectional switch. The structure connected to the inductor L 1 is defined as the upper mesh bidirectional switch, and the structure connected to the inductor L 2 is defined as the lower mesh bidirectional switch.
上网孔双向开关包括2个全控型开关管S3、S4，以及2个普通二极管D5、D6，全控型开关管S3的源极与全控型开关管S4的漏极相连，其连接点以电感L1连接于点B1，全控型开关管S3的漏极与二极管D5的阴极串联，全控型开关管S4的源极与二极管D6的阳极串联，二极管D5的阳极与二极管D6的阴极相连。The two-way switch of the mesh hole includes two fully controlled switches S 3 and S 4 and two ordinary diodes D 5 and D 6 . The source of the fully controlled switch S 3 and the drain of the fully controlled switch S 4 connected, its connection point is connected to point B 1 with inductor L 1 , the drain of the fully controlled switch S 3 is connected in series with the cathode of the diode D 5 , and the source of the fully controlled switch S 4 is connected in series with the anode of the diode D 6 , the anode of diode D5 is connected to the cathode of diode D6 .
下网孔双向开关与上网孔双向开关一致，全控型开关管S5的源极与全控型开关管S6的漏极相连，其连接点与电感L2连接于节点B2，全控型开关管S6的源极与二极管D8的阳极串联，全控型开关管S5的漏极和二极管D7的阴极串联，二极管D7的阳极和二极管D8的阴极相连，下网孔双向开关与下网孔双向开关并联与分裂电容C1、C2的连接点相连于节点n。电容C1的正极和电容C2的负极分别与负载相连，二极管D1、D3的阴极与开关管S2的漏极相连，其连接点与电容C1的正极相交于节点p，二极管D2、D4的阳极与开关管S1的源极相连，其连接点与电容C2的负极相交于节点m。The lower mesh two-way switch is consistent with the upper mesh two-way switch. The source of the fully controlled switch S5 is connected to the drain of the fully controlled switch S6 . Its connection point and the inductor L2 are connected to the node B2 . The fully controlled switch is The source of type switch S 6 is connected in series with the anode of diode D 8 , the drain of fully controlled switch S 5 is connected in series with the cathode of diode D 7 , the anode of diode D 7 is connected to the cathode of diode D 8 , the lower mesh The bidirectional switch is connected in parallel with the lower mesh bidirectional switch and the connection point of the split capacitors C 1 and C 2 is connected to node n. The anode of capacitor C 1 and the cathode of capacitor C 2 are connected to the load respectively. The cathodes of diodes D 1 and D 3 are connected to the drain of switch S 2 . Their connection point intersects with the anode of capacitor C 1 at node p. Diode D 2. The anode of D4 is connected to the source of the switch S1 , and its connection point intersects with the negative electrode of the capacitor C2 at node m.
具体实验参数如下：The specific experimental parameters are as follows:
基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器输入侧中电网电压有效值为220V，频率50Hz,直流侧输出电压400V，开关频率为20kHz，滤波电感L1＝L2＝3mH，负载RL的阻值为80Ω，输出电容C1＝C2＝4700μF。The effective value of the grid voltage on the input side of the DC charger based on the single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole is 220V, the frequency is 50Hz, the DC side output voltage is 400V, the switching frequency is 20kHz, the filter inductor L 1 = L 2 = 3mH, and the load The resistance of R L is 80Ω, and the output capacitor C 1 =C 2 =4700μF.
基于单相网格三电平伪图腾柱的直流充电器，电路正常工作时，稳定状态下共有六种工作模式：Based on the DC charger based on the single-phase grid three-level pseudo-totem pole, when the circuit is working normally, there are six working modes in the stable state:
(1)正半周期的三种工作模式：(1) Three working modes of positive half cycle:
如图2所示，模式一：开关管S1～S6全部关断，交流电源us和电感L1与电感L2向负载RL提供能量，二极管D2、D3以及开关管S2上的体二极管正偏导通，直流输出电压udc>us，电感电流线性减少，电容C1、C2处于充电状态，充电电流等于is-idc,电压uB1O＝uB2O＝uc1+uc2＝+udc；As shown in Figure 2, mode 1: all switches S 1 to S 6 are turned off, the AC power supply u s and inductor L 1 and inductor L 2 provide energy to the load R L , diodes D 2 , D 3 and switch S 2 The body diode on is forward biased and conducts, the DC output voltage u dc >u s , the inductor current decreases linearly, the capacitors C 1 and C 2 are in a charging state, the charging current is equal to i s -i dc , the voltage u B1O =u B2O =u c1 +u c2 =+u dc ;
如图3所示，模式二：开关管S1、S2、S3、S5关断，开关管S4、S6导通，电容C2充电，充电电流为is-idc，电容C1向负载放电，提供电流idc，电压uB1O＝uB2O＝uc1＝+udc/2；As shown in Figure 3, mode two: switch tubes S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , and S 5 are turned off, switch tubes S 4 and S 6 are turned on, and capacitor C 2 is charged. The charging current is i s -i dc , and the capacitor C 1 discharges to the load, providing current i dc and voltage u B1O =u B2O =u c1 =+u dc /2;
如图4所示，模式三：开关管S2～S6全部关断，开关管S1导通，二极管D2正偏导通，交流电源us向电感L1充电，电感L1电流呈现线性上升，电容C1和C2向负载RL放电，此时电压uB1O＝0，uB2O＝us；As shown in Figure 4, mode three: all switch tubes S 2 to S 6 are turned off, switch tube S 1 is turned on, diode D 2 is forward-biased, the AC power supply u s charges the inductor L 1 , and the current in the inductor L 1 appears Rising linearly, the capacitors C 1 and C 2 discharge to the load R L. At this time, the voltage u B1O = 0, u B2O = u s ;
(2)负半周期三种工作方式：(2) Three working modes of negative half cycle:
如图5所示，模式四：开关管S2导通，开关管S1、S3、S4、S5、S6关断，二极管D1正偏导通，交流电源us向电感L2充电，电感L2电流呈现线性上升，电容C1和C2继续向负载RL放电，此时电压uB2O＝0,uB1O＝us；As shown in Figure 5, mode four: switch tube S 2 is turned on, switch tubes S 1 , S 3 , S 4 , S 5 , and S 6 are turned off, diode D 1 is forward-biased and turned on, and the AC power supply u s flows to the inductor L 2 is charging, the current of the inductor L 2 rises linearly, and the capacitors C 1 and C 2 continue to discharge to the load R L. At this time, the voltage u B2O = 0, u B1O = u s ;
如图6所示，模式五：开关管S3、S5导通，开关管S1、S2、S4、S6关断，电容C1充电，充电电流为-is-idc，电容C2向负载放电,提供电流idc，电压uB1O＝uB2O＝uc2＝-udc/2；As shown in Figure 6, mode five: switch tubes S 3 and S 5 are turned on, switch tubes S 1 , S 2 , S 4 and S 6 are turned off, capacitor C 1 is charged, and the charging current is -i s -i dc . Capacitor C 2 discharges to the load, providing current i dc and voltage u B1O = u B2O = u c2 =-u dc /2;
如图7所示，模式六：开关管全关断，交流电源us和电感L1与电感L2向负载RL提供能量，二极管D4、D1和开关管S2上的体二极管正偏导通，直流输出电压udc>us，电感电流线性减少，电容C1、C2处于充电状态，充电电流等于is-idc,电压uB1O＝uB2O＝-uc1-uc2＝-udc；As shown in Figure 7, mode six: the switch tube is fully turned off, the AC power supply u s and the inductor L 1 and inductor L 2 provide energy to the load R L , the diode D 4 , D 1 and the body diode on the switch tube S 2 are positive Partial conduction, DC output voltage u dc >u s , inductor current decreases linearly, capacitors C 1 and C 2 are in charging state, charging current is equal to i s -i dc , voltage u B1O =u B2O =-u c1 -u c2 =-u dc ;
在图2～图7所示的六种工作模式下，网侧输入电流is在模态一、二、五和六下返回路径均有两条，即在一个工频周期内，模态三中只有电感L1有电流，模态四中只有电感L2有电流外，其他模态下，均有电流流过两个电感。表1是本发明实施中开关管S1～S6六种工作模式表。In the six working modes shown in Figures 2 to 7, the grid-side input current i s has two return paths in modes one, two, five and six. That is, in one power frequency cycle, mode three In mode four, only inductor L 1 has current, and in mode four, only inductor L 2 has current. In other modes, current flows through both inductors. Table 1 is a table of six working modes of the switching tubes S 1 to S 6 in the implementation of the present invention.
表1开关管S1～S6六种工作模式表Table 1 Table of six working modes of switch tubes S 1 to S 6
如表1所示，在一个周期内，电路共有六种工作模式，当us>0时，有0、+udc/2、+udc三种状态；当us<0时，有0、-udc/2、-udc三种状态，在不同的工作模式下，系统各参数也随之变化，其中，用1表示开关管的导通，用0表示开关管的关断。图8是本发明电路中开关管S1～S6在一个周期中的脉冲分配图，其中将门极驱动电压单位化，用1表示对该开关管施加门极电压，用0表示未对该开关管施加门极电压。As shown in Table 1, within a cycle, the circuit has six working modes. When u s >0, there are three states: 0, +u dc /2, and +u dc ; when u s <0, there are 0 , -u dc /2, -u dc three states. In different working modes, the system parameters also change accordingly. Among them, 1 represents the conduction of the switch tube, and 0 represents the turn-off of the switch tube. Figure 8 is a pulse distribution diagram of the switching tubes S 1 to S 6 in the circuit of the present invention in one cycle. The gate driving voltage is unitized, and 1 indicates that the gate voltage is applied to the switching tube, and 0 indicates that the switch is not applied. The gate voltage is applied to the tube.
由图9所示，将交流电压乘以0.1倍的增益，与电感电流用一个示波器进行比较，交流输入电压与输入电流同相位，能实现高功率因数；As shown in Figure 9, multiply the AC voltage by a gain of 0.1 times and compare it with the inductor current using an oscilloscope. The AC input voltage and the input current are in the same phase, and a high power factor can be achieved;
图10是流过电感L1的电流，用字母iL1表示，图11是流过电感L2的电流，用字母iL2表示，验证了除零模态，其他的状态下两电感均有电流通过；Figure 10 is the current flowing through the inductor L 1 , represented by the letter i L1 . Figure 11 is the current flowing through the inductor L 2 , represented by the letter i L2 . It is verified that the division-zero mode is present. In other states, both inductors have current. pass;
图12是电压uB1O波形图，图13是电压uB2O波形图，如图12、图13所示，电压uB1O在正半周期能产生三电平电压，由于开关管切换时有冗余模态，因此电压在+udc模态时存在直接切换至+0模态的情况，电压uB2O在负半周期产生与uB2O对称的三电平电压；图14表明，该直流充电器实现了直流输出电压稳定。Figure 12 is a waveform diagram of voltage u B1O , and Figure 13 is a waveform diagram of voltage u B2O . As shown in Figures 12 and 13, voltage u B1O can generate a three-level voltage in the positive half cycle. Since the switch tube has redundant modes when switching, state, so when the voltage is in the +u dc mode, there is a situation where it switches directly to the +0 mode. The voltage u B2O generates a three-level voltage symmetrical to u B2O in the negative half cycle; Figure 14 shows that the DC charger realizes DC output voltage is stable.
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| CN110112903A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-09 | 青岛大学 | A kind of circuit of power factor correction, method, charger and electric car |
| CN111416536A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-14 | 三峡大学 | Single-phase double-boosting bridgeless five-level rectifier based on bidirectional tube insertion |
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