CN113193768B - Back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switches in series - Google Patents
Back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switches in series Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/219—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
- H02M7/066—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode particular circuits having a special characteristic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/25—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in series, e.g. for multiplication of voltage
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Abstract
四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器，开关管S1~S6，二极管D1~D4，电感L，电容C1、C2；交流电源一端连接电感L一端，电感L另一端分别连接开关管S1漏极、二极管D1阳极、二极管D2阴极；交流电源另一端分别连接开关管S2漏极、开关管S4源极、开关管S5漏极；开关管S1源极连接开关管S2源极；二极管D1阴极分别连接开关管S3漏极、电容C1一端；二极管D2阳极分别连接开关管S6源极、电容C2另一端；开关管S4漏极分别连接开关管S3源极、二极管D3阴极；开关管S5源极分别连接二极管D4阳极、开关管S6漏极；电容C1另一端分别连接二极管D3阳极、二极管D4阴极、电容C2一端。本发明整流器能够实现输入侧电压的电平数为三种电平，可以显著减小电容值；减小器件的电压应力。
A back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switch tubes in series, switch tubes S 1 ~S 6 , diodes D 1 ~D 4 , inductance L, capacitors C 1 , C 2 ; one end of the AC power supply is connected to one end of the inductance L, and the other end of the inductance L Connect the drain of the switch S1, the anode of the diode D1, and the cathode of the diode D2 respectively ; the other end of the AC power supply is respectively connected to the drain of the switch S2 , the source of the switch S4 , and the drain of the switch S5 ; the switch S1 The source is connected to the source of the switch S2 ; the cathode of the diode D1 is respectively connected to the drain of the switch S3 and one end of the capacitor C1 ; the anode of the diode D2 is respectively connected to the source of the switch S6 and the other end of the capacitor C2 ; the switch S 4 The drain is respectively connected to the source of the switch S3 and the cathode of the diode D3 ; the source of the switch S5 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D4 and the drain of the switch S6 ; the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the anode of the diode D3 and the diode respectively D 4 cathode, capacitor C 2 one end. The rectifier of the invention can realize three levels of voltage levels on the input side, which can significantly reduce the capacitance value and reduce the voltage stress of the device.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及单相三电平有源整流器技术领域，具体涉及一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器。The invention relates to the technical field of single-phase three-level active rectifiers, in particular to a back-to-back three-level rectifier with four-switch series connection type.
背景技术Background technique
对于常规的功率因数校正(PFC)整流器，无法在公共电网这类电压变化幅度较大的电源的工作环境下保持高效率。常规的功率因数校正(PFC)整流器常常采用的两电平整流方式会使电感的工作噪声很大。一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器由于采用了三电平结构可以灵活地适应于合适的工作模式以获得最大效率。同时，一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器能够维持高功率因数的情况下减小电感噪音，并且能够保持对负载输出稳定的电压。相比于传统的两电平整流器，所提出的一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器具有更小的纹波水平；更小的器件电压应力；较好的功率因数以及功率密度；减少与公共电网的无功功率交换。同时，由于电路采用四开关管串联整流桥壁的构成方式，大大增加了整流电路的灵活性与可靠性。但是由于该电路主回路具有较大的体积，限制了一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器在部分场合下的使用。For conventional power factor correction (PFC) rectifiers, it is impossible to maintain high efficiency in the operating environment of power supplies with large voltage changes such as the public grid. Conventional power factor correction (PFC) rectifiers often use the two-level rectification method, which can make the operation of the inductor very noisy. A back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switches in series can be flexibly adapted to a suitable working mode to obtain maximum efficiency due to the three-level structure. At the same time, a back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switches in series can reduce inductive noise while maintaining a high power factor, and can maintain a stable voltage output to the load. Compared with the traditional two-level rectifier, the proposed four-switch series back-to-back three-level rectifier has smaller ripple level; smaller device voltage stress; better power factor and power density ; Reduce reactive power exchange with the public grid. At the same time, the flexibility and reliability of the rectifier circuit are greatly increased because the circuit adopts the construction method of four switch tubes connected in series with the rectifier bridge wall. However, due to the large volume of the main circuit of the circuit, the use of a back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switches in series is limited in some occasions.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明提供一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器，相对于传统的两电平整流电路，减少了对电路元件的电压应力要求。整流桥有多开关管结构，开关管并联其中部分二极管，所承受的电压应力减小，开关管的成本降低；两个极性电容串联使用，电容电压减小；采用四开关管串联结构，整流器工作的灵活性增加；直流母线由两个电容串联工作，有效减少输出电流纹波。The invention provides a back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switches in series, which reduces the voltage stress requirement on circuit elements compared with the traditional two-level rectifier circuit. The rectifier bridge has a multi-switch structure, and some of the diodes are connected in parallel with the switch, which reduces the voltage stress and the cost of the switch; two polar capacitors are used in series, and the capacitor voltage is reduced; using a four-switch series structure, the rectifier The flexibility of work is increased; the DC bus is operated by two capacitors in series, which effectively reduces the output current ripple.
本发明采取的技术方案为：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器，包括：Four-switch series back-to-back three-level rectifier, including:
开关管S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6，二极管D1、D2、D3、D4，电感L，电容C1、C2；Switch tubes S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , S 5 , S 6 , diodes D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4 , inductance L, capacitors C 1 , C 2 ;
交流电源一端连接电感L一端，电感L另一端分别连接开关管S1漏极、二极管D1阳极、二极管D2阴极；One end of the AC power supply is connected to one end of the inductor L, and the other end of the inductor L is respectively connected to the drain of the switch S1, the anode of the diode D1, and the cathode of the diode D2 ;
交流电源另一端分别连接开关管S2漏极、开关管S4源极、开关管S5漏极； The other end of the AC power supply is respectively connected to the drain of the switch S2, the source of the switch S4 , and the drain of the switch S5 ;
开关管S1源极连接开关管S2源极； The source of the switch tube S1 is connected to the source of the switch tube S2 ;
二极管D1阴极分别连接开关管S3漏极、电容C1一端； The cathode of the diode D1 is respectively connected to the drain of the switch tube S3 and one end of the capacitor C1;
二极管D2阳极分别连接开关管S6源极、电容C2另一端 The anode of the diode D2 is connected to the source of the switch tube S6 and the other end of the capacitor C2 respectively
开关管S4漏极分别连接开关管S3源极、二极管D3阴极； The drain of the switch S4 is respectively connected to the source of the switch S3 and the cathode of the diode D3 ;
开关管S5源极分别连接二极管D4阳极、开关管S6漏极； The source of the switch tube S5 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D4 and the drain of the switch tube S6 ;
电容C1另一端分别连接二极管D3阳极、二极管D4阴极、电容C2一端； The other end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D3 , the cathode of the diode D4, and one end of the capacitor C2 ;
负载R两端分别连接电容C1一端、电容C2另一端。 Two ends of the load R are respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C1 and the other end of the capacitor C2.
该三电平整流器包括二极管D3、D4，开关管S3-S6组成的四开关管串联式开关管桥臂，开关管S4、S5分别连接到箝位串联电容中点电压的二极管D3、二极管D4。The three-level rectifier includes diodes D 3 , D 4 , a four-switch series switch bridge arm composed of switch tubes S 3 -S 6 , and the switch tubes S 4 and S 5 are respectively connected to the midpoint voltage of the clamping series capacitor. Diode D 3 , diode D 4 .
该三电平整流器包括储能滤波电感L，二极管D1、D2和开关管S1、S2组成的背靠背式整流桥臂结构。The three-level rectifier includes a back-to - back rectifier bridge arm structure composed of an energy storage filter inductor L, diodes D1, D2, and switch tubes S1, S2.
该三电平整流器包括电容C1、C2串联组成的并联稳压支路。The three-level rectifier includes a parallel voltage-stabilizing branch composed of capacitors C 1 and C 2 in series.
该三电平整流器包括：背靠背MOS管组S1、S2组成的第一双向开关，半导体器件S4、S5、二极管D3、D4组成的第二双向开关。The three-level rectifier includes: a first bidirectional switch composed of back-to-back MOS transistor groups S 1 , S 2 , and a second bidirectional switch composed of semiconductor devices S 4 , S 5 , diodes D 3 , D 4 .
本发明一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器，技术效果如下：The present invention is a back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switches in series, and the technical effects are as follows:
1)相比传统整流桥臂，本发明三电平整流器通过四开关管桥臂结构对电容电压箝位，减小了整流开关管桥臂结构中各个半导体器件承受的电压应力，同时，提供两条功率支路经过二极管连接到串联电容器的中点。1) Compared with the traditional rectifier bridge arm, the three-level rectifier of the present invention clamps the capacitor voltage through the four-switch bridge arm structure, which reduces the voltage stress on each semiconductor device in the rectifier switch bridge arm structure, and at the same time, provides two The power branches are connected via diodes to the midpoint of the series capacitors.
2)本发明三电平整流器在提供额外功率通道的同时，由于其加入了新的开关管桥臂结构，使得电路的稳定性和可靠性提高。2) While the three-level rectifier of the present invention provides an additional power channel, the stability and reliability of the circuit are improved due to the addition of a new switch tube bridge arm structure.
3)该整流器与传统的两电平整流器相比，能够实现输入侧电压的电平数为三种电平，可以显著减小电容值；减小器件的电压应力；减小了电容、半导体器件的成本。3) Compared with the traditional two-level rectifier, the rectifier can realize three levels of voltage levels on the input side, which can significantly reduce the capacitance value; reduce the voltage stress of the device; reduce the capacitance and semiconductor devices the cost of.
4)本发明一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器，利用电感L储能特性，用电感L上的电流不能突变的特性，配合二极管以及电容共同箝位电压，维持母线电压稳定，保证直流母线输出的电压纹波较小。4) The present invention is a back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switches in series, which utilizes the energy storage characteristics of the inductor L and the characteristic that the current on the inductor L cannot change abruptly, cooperates with the diode and the capacitor to clamp the voltage together, and maintains the bus voltage. It is stable and ensures that the voltage ripple of the DC bus output is small.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器电路主拓扑结构图；1 is a main topology diagram of a back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit of a four-switch series-connected type of the present invention;
图2为本发明一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器电路工作模态一图；2 is a diagram of a working mode of a back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit of a four-switch series connection type according to the present invention;
图3为本发明一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器电路工作模态二图；3 is a second diagram of the working mode of a back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit of a four-switch series connection type according to the present invention;
图4为本发明一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器电路工作模态三图；FIG. 4 is a three diagram of working modes of a back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit of a four-switch series connection type according to the present invention;
图5为本发明一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器电路工作模态四图；FIG. 5 is a four diagram of the working mode of a back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit of a four-switch series connection type according to the present invention;
图6为本发明一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器电路工作模态五图；FIG. 6 is a fifth diagram of the working mode of a back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit of a four-switch tube series connection type according to the present invention;
图7为本发明一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器电路工作模态六图；7 is a sixth diagram of the working mode of a back-to-back three-level rectifier circuit of a four-switch series connection type according to the present invention;
图8为本发明电路电压Uab波形图；8 is a waveform diagram of the circuit voltage U ab of the present invention;
图9为本发明电路交流侧输入电压Us和电流iL波形图；Fig. 9 is the waveform diagram of the input voltage U s and the current i L on the AC side of the circuit of the present invention;
图10为本发明电路直流输出电压Udc波形图；10 is a waveform diagram of the DC output voltage U dc of the circuit of the present invention;
图11(1)为本发明电路的开关管S1脉冲分配图。Fig. 11( 1 ) is a pulse distribution diagram of the switch tube S1 of the circuit of the present invention.
图11(2)为本发明电路的开关管S2脉冲分配图。Fig. 11( 2 ) is a pulse distribution diagram of the switch tube S2 of the circuit of the present invention.
图11(3)为本发明电路的开关管S3脉冲分配图。Fig. 11( 3 ) is a pulse distribution diagram of the switch tube S3 of the circuit of the present invention.
图11(4)为本发明电路的开关管S4脉冲分配图。Fig. 11( 4 ) is a pulse distribution diagram of the switch tube S4 of the circuit of the present invention.
图11(5)为本发明电路的开关管S5脉冲分配图。Fig. 11( 5 ) is a pulse distribution diagram of the switch tube S5 of the circuit of the present invention.
图11(6)为本发明电路的开关管S6脉冲分配图。Fig. 11( 6 ) is a pulse distribution diagram of the switch tube S6 of the circuit of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示，四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器，包括：As shown in Figure 1, a back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switches in series includes:
开关管S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6，二极管D1、D2、D3、D4，电感L，电容C1、C2；Switch tubes S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , S 5 , S 6 , diodes D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4 , inductance L, capacitors C 1 , C 2 ;
交流电源一端连接电感L一端，电感L另一端分别连接开关管S1漏极、二极管D1阳极、二极管D2阴极；One end of the AC power supply is connected to one end of the inductor L, and the other end of the inductor L is respectively connected to the drain of the switch S1, the anode of the diode D1, and the cathode of the diode D2 ;
交流电源另一端分别连接开关管S2漏极、开关管S4源极、开关管S5漏极； The other end of the AC power supply is respectively connected to the drain of the switch S2, the source of the switch S4 , and the drain of the switch S5 ;
开关管S1源极连接开关管S2源极； The source of the switch tube S1 is connected to the source of the switch tube S2 ;
二极管D1阴极分别连接开关管S3漏极、电容C1一端； The cathode of the diode D1 is respectively connected to the drain of the switch tube S3 and one end of the capacitor C1;
二极管D2阳极分别连接开关管S6源极、电容C2另一端 The anode of the diode D2 is connected to the source of the switch tube S6 and the other end of the capacitor C2 respectively
开关管S4漏极分别连接开关管S3源极、二极管D3阴极； The drain of the switch S4 is respectively connected to the source of the switch S3 and the cathode of the diode D3 ;
开关管S5源极分别连接二极管D4阳极、开关管S6漏极； The source of the switch tube S5 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D4 and the drain of the switch tube S6 ;
电容C1另一端分别连接二极管D3阳极、二极管D4阴极、电容C2一端； The other end of the capacitor C1 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode D3 , the cathode of the diode D4, and one end of the capacitor C2 ;
负载R两端分别连接电容C1一端、电容C2另一端。 Two ends of the load R are respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C1 and the other end of the capacitor C2.
该三电平整流器包括二极管D3、D4，开关管S3-S6组成的四开关管串联式开关管桥臂，开关管S4、S5分别连接到箝位串联电容中点电压的二极管D3、二极管D4。The three-level rectifier includes diodes D 3 , D 4 , a four-switch series switch bridge arm composed of switch tubes S 3 -S 6 , and the switch tubes S 4 and S 5 are respectively connected to the midpoint voltage of the clamping series capacitor. Diode D 3 , diode D 4 .
该三电平整流器包括储能滤波电感L，二极管D1、D2和开关管S1、S2组成的背靠背式整流桥臂结构。The three-level rectifier includes a back-to - back rectifier bridge arm structure composed of an energy storage filter inductor L, diodes D1, D2, and switch tubes S1, S2.
该三电平整流器包括：电容C1、C2串联组成的并联稳压支路。The three-level rectifier includes: a parallel voltage-stabilizing branch composed of capacitors C 1 and C 2 in series.
该三电平整流器包括：背靠背MOS管组S1、S2组成的第一双向开关，半导体器件S4、S5、二极管D3、D4组成的第二双向开关。The three-level rectifier includes: a first bidirectional switch composed of back-to-back MOS transistor groups S 1 , S 2 , and a second bidirectional switch composed of semiconductor devices S 4 , S 5 , diodes D 3 , D 4 .
本发明一种四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器，为单相三电平PWM整流回路，其包括：6个开关管：S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6，4个二极管：D1、D2、D3、D4。The present invention is a back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switch tubes in series, which is a single-phase three-level PWM rectifier loop, which includes: 6 switch tubes: S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 , S 5 , S 6 , 4 diodes: D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4 .
由MOS管S3-S6和二极管D3、D4组成的一个四开关管串联式开关管桥臂，该桥臂包括4个MOS管，2个用于箝位电压的二极管。A four-switch series switch bridge arm composed of MOS transistors S 3 -S 6 and diodes D 3 and D 4 includes four MOS transistors and two diodes for clamping voltage.
背靠背MOS管组S1、S2组成的第一双向开关，半导体器件S4、S5、二极管D3、D4组成第二双向开关。电容C1、C2串联组成并联稳压支路。A first bidirectional switch composed of back-to-back MOS transistor groups S 1 and S 2 , and a second bidirectional switch composed of semiconductor devices S 4 , S 5 , diodes D 3 , and D 4 . Capacitors C 1 and C 2 are connected in series to form a parallel voltage-stabilizing branch.
电感L与交流电源一端相连，该支路与S1、S2所组成的第一双向开关并联。The inductor L is connected to one end of the AC power supply, and the branch is connected in parallel with the first bidirectional switch composed of S 1 and S 2 .
稳压支路电容C1、C2串联后与直流母线输出端并联。The voltage-stabilizing branch capacitors C 1 and C 2 are connected in series with the DC bus output terminal in parallel.
该整流器电路所包括的整流回路，在传统无桥单相两电平整流桥进行改进，引入两个串联的电容C1、C2稳压结构，构成三电平电路。The rectifier circuit included in the rectifier circuit is improved on the traditional bridgeless single-phase two-level rectifier bridge, and two series-connected capacitors C 1 and C 2 are introduced to form a three-level circuit.
该整流器电路具有一个功率输入端和两个功率输出端，功率输入端对应电网电源功率输出端对应两个稳压电容。The rectifier circuit has one power input end and two power output ends, and the power input end corresponds to the power output end of the grid power supply and corresponds to two stabilizing capacitors.
该整流器电路电路功率输入端引入背对背开关结构，对输入端电压经行升压变换，简化升压回路结构。The power input end of the rectifier circuit is introduced with a back-to-back switch structure, and the voltage of the input end is boosted and transformed, thereby simplifying the structure of the booster circuit.
由于工频交变电网电压的工作特性，为保证背对背无桥三电平整流电路输出电压的稳定，需要在不同的电网电压区间内调整不同的工作模态：Due to the working characteristics of the power frequency alternating grid voltage, in order to ensure the stability of the output voltage of the back-to-back bridgeless three-level rectifier circuit, it is necessary to adjust different working modes in different grid voltage ranges:
1)模态1：如图2所示，开关管全部断开。us>+Udc/2,uab＝Udc，电感L释放能量，iL逐渐减小，电容C1、C2充电。1) Mode 1: As shown in Figure 2, the switches are all disconnected. u s >+U dc /2, u ab =U dc , the inductor L releases energy, i L gradually decreases, and the capacitors C 1 and C 2 are charged.
2)模态2：如图3所示，开关管S3导通，其余开关管断开。由于模态2有两种工作状态，故需要分情况讨论。2) Mode 2: As shown in Figure 3 , the switch tube S3 is turned on, and the rest of the switch tubes are turned off. Since Mode 2 has two working states, it needs to be discussed separately.
在us>+Udc/2时,uab＝Udc/2，此时电感L吸收能量，iL逐渐增大，电容C1充电、C2放电。When u s >+U dc /2, u ab =U dc /2, the inductor L absorbs energy at this time, i L increases gradually, the capacitor C 1 is charged, and C 2 is discharged.
在us<+Udc/2时,uab＝Udc/2，此时电感L释放能量，iL逐渐减小，电容C1充电、C2放电。When u s <+U dc /2, u ab =U dc /2, the inductor L releases energy at this time, i L gradually decreases, the capacitor C 1 is charged, and C 2 is discharged.
3)模态3：如图4所示，开关管S1、S2导通，其余开关管断开。0<us<+Udc/2，uab＝0，电感吸收能量，iL逐渐增大，电容C1、C2放电。3) Mode 3: As shown in Figure 4, the switches S 1 and S 2 are turned on, and the rest of the switches are turned off. 0<us <+U dc /2, u ab =0, the inductor absorbs energy, i L increases gradually, and the capacitors C 1 and C 2 discharge.
4)模态4：如图5所示，开关管S3导通，其余开关管断开。us<-Udc/2，uab＝Udc，电感L释放能量，iL逐渐减小，电容C1、C2充电。4) Mode 4: As shown in Figure 5 , the switch tube S3 is turned on, and the rest of the switch tubes are turned off. u s <-U dc /2, u ab =U dc , the inductor L releases energy, i L gradually decreases, and the capacitors C 1 and C 2 are charged.
5)模态5：如图6所示，开关管S4导通，其余开关管断开。由于模态2有两种工作状态，故需要分情况讨论。5) Mode 5: As shown in Figure 6 , the switch tube S4 is turned on, and the rest of the switch tubes are turned off. Since Mode 2 has two working states, it needs to be discussed separately.
在us<-Udc/2时，uab＝Udc/2，此时电感L吸收能量，iL逐渐增大，电容C2充电、C1放电。When u s <-U dc /2, u ab =U dc /2, the inductor L absorbs energy at this time, i L gradually increases, the capacitor C 2 is charged, and C 1 is discharged.
在0>us>-Udc/2时，uab＝Udc/2，此时电感L释放能量，iL逐渐减小，电容C2充电、C1放电。When 0>us>-U dc /2, u ab =U dc /2, the inductor L releases energy at this time, i L gradually decreases, the capacitor C 2 is charged, and C 1 is discharged.
6)模态6：如图7所示，开关管S1、S2导通，其余开关管断开。0>us>-Udc/2，uab＝0，电感吸收能量，iL逐渐增大，电容C1、C2放电。6) Mode 6: As shown in Figure 7, the switch tubes S 1 and S 2 are turned on, and the rest of the switch tubes are turned off. 0>u s >-U dc /2, u ab =0, the inductor absorbs energy, i L increases gradually, and the capacitors C 1 and C 2 discharge.
表1为本发明电路开关管S1～S6六种工作模态表。图9、图10、图11(1)～图11(6)为分别本发明在负载80Ω时的实验波形，为本发明稳态时相关波形图。Table 1 is a table of six operating modes of the circuit switch tubes S 1 to S 6 of the present invention. Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11(1) to Figure 11(6) are the experimental waveforms of the present invention when the load is 80Ω, respectively, and are related waveform diagrams of the present invention when it is in a steady state.
表1开关管S1～S6六种工作模态表Table 1 The six working modes of switch tubes S 1 ～ S 6
本发明通过不同开关管导通关断的组合，改变电路结构，得到不同的ab端输出电压Uab。±1代表输出额定电压，±1/2代表输出额定电压的一半，0代表ab端电压为0。图8为本发明电路电压Uab波形图，在表1的基础上通过对电路开关管S1～S3的导通、关断状态的调制，本发明在直流母线Udc额定输出电压为400V时，使得ab端的电压能够输出额定电压，额定电压的一半，0三种电压等级，即输出±400V，±200V，0V的电压。图9为本发明电路交流侧输入电压Us和电流iL波形图，表示本发明稳态交流输入电压Us波形保持正弦规律变化；交流输入电流iL波形跟随交流输入电压Us波形，且波形稳定后趋近于正弦波，通过实验波形对比可以看出该电路的电压电流相位基本相同，能够实现功率因数校正功能。The invention changes the circuit structure through the combination of on and off of different switch tubes to obtain different output voltages U ab of the ab terminals. ±1 represents the output rated voltage, ±1/2 represents half of the output rated voltage, and 0 represents the ab terminal voltage is 0. FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram of the circuit voltage U ab of the present invention. On the basis of Table 1, by modulating the on and off states of the circuit switches S 1 to S 3 , the rated output voltage of the DC bus U dc of the present invention is 400V. When the voltage at the ab end can output the rated voltage, half of the rated voltage, and 0 three voltage levels, that is, output voltages of ±400V, ±200V, and 0V. 9 is a waveform diagram of the AC side input voltage U s and current i L of the circuit of the present invention, showing that the waveform of the steady-state AC input voltage U s of the present invention maintains a sinusoidal change; the waveform of the AC input current i L follows the waveform of the AC input voltage U s , and After the waveform is stable, it is close to a sine wave. Through the comparison of the experimental waveforms, it can be seen that the voltage and current phases of the circuit are basically the same, and the power factor correction function can be realized.
图10为本发明电路直流输出电压Udc波形图，表示本发明以400V为额定电压时，输出得到的直流母线侧电压Udc的稳态波形。FIG. 10 is a waveform diagram of the DC output voltage U dc of the circuit of the present invention, showing the steady-state waveform of the DC bus side voltage U dc obtained by the present invention when 400V is the rated voltage.
图11(1)为本发明电路的开关管脉冲分配图。为本发明开关管S1开关脉冲电压US1波形图,表示开关脉冲分配信号，即为开关管导通关断的驱动电压。开关管电压达到12V时，对应表1中的1信号，即开关管导通。开关管电压达到0V时，对应表1中的0信号，即开关管关断。Fig. 11(1) is a pulse distribution diagram of a switch tube of the circuit of the present invention. It is a waveform diagram of the switching pulse voltage U S1 of the switching tube S1 of the present invention, which represents the switching pulse distribution signal, that is, the driving voltage for the switching tube to be turned on and off. When the voltage of the switch tube reaches 12V, it corresponds to the 1 signal in Table 1, that is, the switch tube is turned on. When the voltage of the switch tube reaches 0V, it corresponds to the 0 signal in Table 1, that is, the switch tube is turned off.
图11(2)为本发明电路的开关管脉冲分配图。为本发明开关管S2开关脉冲电压US2波形图,表示开关脉冲分配信号，即为开关管导通关断的驱动电压。开关管电压达到12V时，对应表1中的1信号，即开关管导通。开关管电压达到0V时，对应表1中的0信号，即开关管关断。Fig. 11(2) is a pulse distribution diagram of the switch tube of the circuit of the present invention. It is a waveform diagram of the switching pulse voltage U S2 of the switching tube S2 of the present invention, which represents the switching pulse distribution signal, that is, the driving voltage for the switching tube to be turned on and off. When the voltage of the switch tube reaches 12V, it corresponds to the 1 signal in Table 1, that is, the switch tube is turned on. When the voltage of the switch tube reaches 0V, it corresponds to the 0 signal in Table 1, that is, the switch tube is turned off.
图11(3)为本发明电路的开关管脉冲分配图。为本发明开关管S3开关脉冲电压US3波形图,表示开关脉冲分配信号，即为开关管导通关断的驱动电压。开关管电压达到12V时，对应表1中的1信号，即开关管导通。开关管电压达到0V时，对应表1中的0信号，即开关管关断。Fig. 11(3) is a pulse distribution diagram of the switch tube of the circuit of the present invention. It is a waveform diagram of the switching pulse voltage U S3 of the switching tube S3 of the present invention, which represents the switching pulse distribution signal, that is, the driving voltage for the switching tube to be turned on and off. When the voltage of the switch tube reaches 12V, it corresponds to the 1 signal in Table 1, that is, the switch tube is turned on. When the voltage of the switch tube reaches 0V, it corresponds to the 0 signal in Table 1, that is, the switch tube is turned off.
图11(4)为本发明电路的开关管脉冲分配图。为本发明开关管S4开关脉冲电压US4波形图,表示开关脉冲分配信号，即为开关管导通关断的驱动电压。开关管电压达到12V时，对应表1中的1信号，即开关管导通。开关管电压达到0V时，对应表1中的0信号，即开关管关断。Fig. 11(4) is a pulse distribution diagram of the switch tube of the circuit of the present invention. It is a waveform diagram of the switching pulse voltage U S4 of the switching tube S4 of the present invention, which represents the switching pulse distribution signal, that is, the driving voltage for the switching tube to be turned on and off. When the voltage of the switch tube reaches 12V, it corresponds to the 1 signal in Table 1, that is, the switch tube is turned on. When the voltage of the switch tube reaches 0V, it corresponds to the 0 signal in Table 1, that is, the switch tube is turned off.
图11(5)为本发明电路的开关管脉冲分配图。为本发明开关管S5开关脉冲电压US5波形图,表示开关脉冲分配信号，即为开关管导通关断的驱动电压。开关管电压达到12V时，对应表1中的1信号，即开关管导通。开关管电压达到0V时，对应表1中的0信号，即开关管关断。Fig. 11(5) is a pulse distribution diagram of the switch tube of the circuit of the present invention. It is a waveform diagram of the switching pulse voltage U S5 of the switching tube S5 of the present invention, which represents the switching pulse distribution signal, that is, the driving voltage for the switching tube to be turned on and off. When the voltage of the switch tube reaches 12V, it corresponds to the 1 signal in Table 1, that is, the switch tube is turned on. When the voltage of the switch tube reaches 0V, it corresponds to the 0 signal in Table 1, that is, the switch tube is turned off.
图11(6)为本发明电路的开关管脉冲分配图。为本发明开关管S6开关脉冲电压US6波形图,表示开关脉冲分配信号，即为开关管导通关断的驱动电压。开关管电压达到12V时，对应表1中的1信号，即开关管导通。开关管电压达到0V时，对应表1中的0信号，即开关管关断。Fig. 11(6) is a pulse distribution diagram of the switch tube of the circuit of the present invention. It is a waveform diagram of the switching pulse voltage U S6 of the switching tube S6 of the present invention, which represents the switching pulse distribution signal, that is, the driving voltage for the switching tube to be turned on and off. When the voltage of the switch tube reaches 12V, it corresponds to the 1 signal in Table 1, that is, the switch tube is turned on. When the voltage of the switch tube reaches 0V, it corresponds to the 0 signal in Table 1, that is, the switch tube is turned off.
具体实验参数如下：The specific experimental parameters are as follows:
四开关管串联型的背靠背式三电平整流器，输入侧中电网电压有效值为220V，频率50Hz,直流侧输出电压400V，开关频率为20kHz，滤波电感L＝3mH，负载RL的阻值为80Ω，输出电容C1＝C2＝4700μF。A back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switches in series, the effective value of the grid voltage on the input side is 220V, the frequency is 50Hz, the output voltage on the DC side is 400V, the switching frequency is 20kHz, the filter inductor L=3mH, and the resistance value of the load RL is 80Ω , the output capacitor C1=C2=4700μF.
通过改变开关管的状态可以对直流母线侧电容进行充放电操作，将直流侧电压稳定在比较理想的状态。各个工作模态的转化遵循PWM(脉冲分配调整)对电路的模态以及工作时间经行选择。对于所提出的电路，在电网的正半周期中，电路的有Udc、Udc/2、0三种电压等级的工作状态，分别对应了模态1、模态2、模态3，分析图10中一个正半周期的PWM调制过程：By changing the state of the switch tube, the capacitor on the DC bus side can be charged and discharged to stabilize the DC side voltage in an ideal state. The conversion of each working mode is selected according to the mode of the circuit and the working time of the PWM (pulse distribution adjustment). For the proposed circuit, in the positive half cycle of the power grid, the circuit has three voltage levels: U dc , U dc /2, and 0, which correspond to Mode 1, Mode 2, and
(1)阶段一：此时电网电压0<us<+Udc/2，电路的工作状态会在模态2与模态3之间根据PWM比较出的调制波形来回切换，对应图10中一个正半周期内第一次0V到200V范围内的脉冲信号。由于电感L电流不能突变，电容C1、C2足够大。此时模态3下由于电感L直接与电网电压源串联，电感L电压等于电网电压us，电感分压并储存能量，直流母线的功率由电容C1、C2提供。从模态2切换到模态3后，由于电容C1的电压为Udc/2，此时电网电压us小于电容C1电压，为了电流不被二极管截止而发生突变，电感L会提供一个正向电压，电感L储存的能量在模态3时释放。(1) Stage 1: At this time, the grid voltage is 0<u s <+U dc /2, and the working state of the circuit will switch back and forth between mode 2 and
(2)阶段二：此时电网电压us>+Udc/2，电路的工作状态会在模态2与模态1之间根据PWM比较出的调制波形来回切换，对应图10中一个正半周期内200V到400V范围内的脉冲信号。由于电感电流不能突变，电容C1、C2足够大。此时模态2下由于回路接通的电压被电容箝位Udc/2上，此时电感会分压并储存一部分能量。从模态2切换到模态1之后，由于直流母线侧的电压被箝位在Udc上，同时us<Udc，电感会提供一个正向电压使电流不会被二极管截止而发生突变，在电路在模态2时电感储存的能量会在模态1时释放。(2) Stage 2: At this time, the grid voltage u s >+U dc /2, the working state of the circuit will switch back and forth between mode 2 and mode 1 according to the modulation waveform compared with the PWM, corresponding to a positive Pulse signal in the range of 200V to 400V in half cycle. Since the inductor current cannot be abruptly changed, the capacitors C 1 and C 2 are large enough. At this time, in mode 2, since the voltage connected to the loop is clamped by the capacitor U dc /2, the inductor will divide the voltage and store a part of the energy. After switching from mode 2 to mode 1, since the voltage on the DC bus side is clamped at U dc , and at the same time us <U dc , the inductor will provide a forward voltage so that the current will not be cut off by the diode and abruptly change, The energy stored in the inductor when the circuit is in mode 2 is released in mode 1.
(3)阶段三：此时电网电压0<us<+Udc/2，电路的工作状态会在模态2与模态3之间根据PWM比较出的调制波形来回切换，对应图10中一个正半周期内第二次0V到200V范围内的脉冲信号。由于电感L电流不能突变，电容C1、C2足够大。此时模态3下由于电感L直接与电网电压源串联，电感L电压等于电网电压us，电感分压并储存能量，直流母线的功率由电容C1、C2提供。从模态2切换到模态3后，由于电容C1的电压为Udc/2，此时电网电压us小于电容C1电压，为了电流不被二极管截止而发生突变，电感L会提供一个正向电压，电感L储存的能量在模态3时释放。(3) Stage 3: At this time, the grid voltage is 0< us <+U dc / 2, and the working state of the circuit will switch back and forth between mode 2 and
在电网的负半周期中，电路的有-Udc、-Udc/2、0三种电压等级的工作状态，分别对应了模态4、模态5、模态6。同理，可类比正半周期的调制策略，用PWM控制负半周期的电路模态切换。In the negative half cycle of the power grid, the circuit has three voltage levels: -U dc , -U dc /2, and 0, which correspond to
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| TWI880437B (en) * | 2023-11-07 | 2025-04-11 | 台達電子工業股份有限公司 | Three-level power factor rectifier and method for operation the same |
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| CN102684532B (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2015-05-27 | 华为技术有限公司 | Three-level inverter |
| EP2770624B1 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2017-02-22 | ABB Research Ltd. | Method and apparatus for producing three-phase current |
| CN203193538U (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2013-09-11 | 上海谐振电气科技有限公司 | Three-level inverter for new energy |
| US9362844B2 (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2016-06-07 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Method of deriving switch current signals in a rectifier |
| EP3197033A4 (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2018-06-20 | Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais - UFMG | Method and apparatus for eliminating harmonic components and obtaining a uniform power factor in alternating current-direct current and direct current-alternating current converters |
| CN205283423U (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2016-06-01 | 深圳市科华恒盛科技有限公司 | Three -phase PFC rectifier circuit |
| CN106026630A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-12 | 浙江大学 | Variable-modal bridgeless PFC circuit |
| CN107896069B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2020-02-14 | 三峡大学 | Novel single-phase mixed three-level rectifier |
| CN109546879A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-03-29 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Single-phase three-level mixed clamping type inverter circuit and inverter with same |
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Application publication date: 20210730 Assignee: Hubei Zhikan Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: CHINA THREE GORGES University Contract record no.: X2023980043945 Denomination of invention: Back-to-back three-level rectifier with four switch tubes in series Granted publication date: 20220614 License type: Common License Record date: 20231024 |
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