CN113133500B - A feed additive for relieving altitude sickness of dairy cows and its using method and feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed additive for relieving cow altitude diseases, a using method thereof and a feed, wherein the feed additive comprises salidroside, livestosin and arginine with the mass ratio of 1: 3000-4000. The application method comprises mixing feed additive for relieving cow altitude disease with daily ration, and feeding cow. The feed comprises the feed additive. The feed additive disclosed by the invention can reduce the incidence and mortality of plateau dairy cow altitude diseases, can reduce the treatment cost, can avoid chemical drug residues, ensures the food safety of dairy cows, and more importantly, can reduce or thoroughly remove adverse reactions and rebound effects of dairy cow organisms.

Description

A feed additive for relieving altitude sickness of dairy cows and its using method and feed

technical field

The present invention relates to a feed additive for alleviating high altitude sickness in dairy cows, a method for using the same, and a feed.

Background technique

The average altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is more than 4,500 meters, known as the "roof of the world". It is the highest and largest plateau in the world. Cold climate, dry air, low partial pressure of oxygen in the air, and strong ultraviolet rays are typical environmental characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The maintenance of oxygen balance is the fundamental prerequisite for the survival of aerobic organisms, and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the geographical unit with the highest average altitude in the world. The atmospheric oxygen partial pressure in this region is only 53%-62% of sea level. major factor in survival.

Yak can adapt to high altitude and low oxygen environment, and has long been the main source of milk and beef for residents in high altitude areas. In recent years, with the economic development of the Tibet Autonomous Region and the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for dairy products and beef has increased year by year. There are 3.95 million yaks in the Tibet Autonomous Region, but the production cycle of yaks is long and the milk yield is low. Therefore, the introduction of Holstein cattle with high milk yield has become the main way to solve the shortage of milk sources. Holstein dairy cows originated from the Rhine delta region of the Netherlands. They have become the most farmed dairy cows in the world due to their high milk yield and good milk quality. However, the high altitude and low oxygen environment is a huge physiological challenge for Holstein dairy cows. Pulmonary arterial hypertension caused by hypoxia at altitudes above 2000 meters is the main cause of death of dairy cows, among which pulmonary edema idiopathic in high altitude hypoxic environment, pulmonary arterial hypertension and right heart failure caused by hypoxia lead to the death of dairy cows, Known as Holstein and Jersey cattle altitude sickness (Brisket disease, BD). Altitude sickness has been reported in Holstein dairy cows, Jersey cows, Angus beef cattle and other breeds raised on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with the highest incidence in Tibet. The Tibet Autonomous Region has introduced Holstein dairy cows from the mainland many times, but all of them failed because the mortality rate of dairy cows caused by altitude sickness was too high. Therefore, altitude sickness has become the main reason hindering the development of dairy cattle breeding industry in Tibet and even high-altitude areas, and has become a key technical bottleneck restricting the healthy and rapid development of dairy cattle in plateau areas.

Aiming at a series of symptoms such as metabolic changes caused by altitude sickness, the prevention and control measures taken at home and abroad mainly include hyperbaric oxygen, chemical drugs (acetazolamide, dexamethasone, benzedamine hydrochloride, etc.), Chinese herbal medicine ( Rhodiola rosea, Salvia miltiorrhiza, compound Codonopsis, etc.), although the above measures can alleviate altitude sickness to a certain extent, but each measure has obvious defects. (1) The cows with altitude sickness are put into the hyperbaric oxygen chamber for treatment. This method has obvious defects: the operation cost of the hyperbaric oxygen chamber is high, and the ordinary herdsmen cannot afford the operation cost; due to the limited volume of the hyperbaric oxygen chamber, the The number of cows treated with hyperbaric oxygen is also greatly limited. For a large-scale dairy farm with thousands of cows, cows with altitude sickness account for about one-third. If such a large-scale hyperbaric oxygen chamber is constructed, the construction cost will be increased. Significantly increased, so that the negative economic pressure on cattle farms will increase, increase production costs, and reduce the economic benefits of cattle farms; hyperbaric oxygen therapy can cure the symptoms but not the root cause, and it is easy to recur. (2) Chemical drug treatment is likely to cause drug residues, posing a threat to the food safety of dairy products. In addition, it will also cause adverse reactions to dairy cows and side effects to the body. (3) The main defect of Chinese herbal medicine is that the effect is not obvious, and there will be a rebound effect after stopping the drug at the same time; moreover, since these Chinese herbal medicines are all mixtures, their active ingredients are not clear, so that their mechanism of action on the body is also unclear. Therefore, in view of the defects and deficiencies in the prior art, to obtain a low cost, easy to use, and good alleviation effect of a feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows, it is useful for effectively relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows and promoting the development of dairy cattle breeding industry in high-altitude areas. very important meaning.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and obtain a feed additive with low cost, convenient use and good treatment effect for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows, its use method and feed.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows, the feed additive comprises salidroside, hematin and arginine; the mass ratio of the salidroside, hematin and arginine is 1:3000-4000: 3000～4000.

The above-mentioned feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows is further improved, and the mass ratio of salidroside, hemoglobin and arginine is 1:3333:3333.

As a general technical concept, the present invention also provides a method of using the above-mentioned feed additive for alleviating high altitude sickness in dairy cows, comprising the following steps: mixing the feed additive for alleviating high altitude sickness in dairy cows with a ration, and the obtained feed is used for feeding dairy cows .

The above method of use is further improved, and the feeding amount of the feed additive for relieving altitude sickness in dairy cows is 35 g·head ^-1 ·day ^-1 to 45 g·head ^-1 ·day ^-1 .

The above-mentioned method of use is further improved, and the feeding amount of the feed additive for relieving altitude sickness in dairy cows is 40 g·head ⁻¹ ·day ⁻¹ .

The above-mentioned method of use is further improved, and the cow is a Holstein cow or a Jersey cow.

The above-mentioned method of use is further improved, and the ration includes the following components according to mass percentage:

Alfalfa Granules 5.56%,

Silage corn 5.56%,

Wheatgrass 33.33%,

Alfalfa 38.89%,

Concentrate 16.66;

The concentrate includes the following components according to mass percentage:

Corn 45.5%,

Oatmeal 3.5%,

5% wheat bran,

Soybean meal 15.5%,

Rapeseed cake 20%,

Calcium bicarbonate 0.5%,

Fat powder 6%,

Table salt 1.5%,

Premix 2.5%;

The premix contains the following components: MgSO ₄ •H ₂ O at a concentration of 113.85 g/kg, FeSO ₄ • 7H ₂ O at a concentration of 2.69 g/kg, CuSO ₄ • 5H at a concentration of 2.55 g/kg ₂ O, MnSO ₄ •H ₂ O at a concentration of 9.54 g/kg, ZnSO ₄ •H ₂ O at a concentration of 9.60 g/kg, Na ₂ SeO ₃ at a concentration of 0.030 g/kg, ZnSO 4 at a concentration of 0.060 g/kg KI, CoCl ₂ •6H ₂ O at a concentration of 0.180 g/kg, vitamin A at a concentration of 500,000 IU/kg, vitamin D at a concentration of 60 kIU/kg, and vitamin E at a concentration of 2000 IU/kg.

The above-mentioned method of use is further improved. During the feeding process of the dairy cows, the cows are fed once in the morning and evening for a total of 50 days; the daily residual feed amount is controlled to be 5% to 10% of the feeding amount during the feeding process of the dairy cows.

The above-mentioned method of use is further improved. In the feeding process of the dairy cow, before feeding the feed, the dairy cow is fed with the ration for 10 days.

As a general technical concept, the present invention also provides a feed for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows, the feed comprising a feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows, and the feed additive comprises salidroside, hemoglobin and arginine; The mass ratio of the salidroside, hemoglobin and arginine is 1:3000-4000:3000-4000; the mass percentage content of the feed additive in the feed is 0.15%-0.25%. In a further improvement, the feed additive includes salidroside, hematin and arginine; the mass ratio of the salidroside, hematin and arginine is 1:3333:3333.

Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

(1) The present invention provides a feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows, including salidroside, hematin and arginine, wherein the mass ratio of salidroside, hematin and arginine is 1:3000～ 4000: 3000～4000. In the present invention, salidroside is derived from Chinese herbal medicine Rhodiola, and salidroside can inhibit tumor cell proliferation by interfering with cell metabolism and changing the properties of cell coats, and can also improve T lymphocyte transformation rate and phagocytic cell activity, and enhance immunity. It can alleviate the damage and dysfunction of cardiovascular tissue caused by pressure, prevent the decrease of cardiac contractility caused by ambient pressure in the freezing state, and help stabilize contractility, and at the same time, it can enhance the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen; Hemoglobin can promote the release of red blood cells from the bone marrow into the blood, and then convert them into mature red blood cells, and can stabilize the red blood cell membrane and improve the function of red blood cell membrane antioxidant enzymes; arginine is the precursor of arginine synthesis, and arginine in the body. NO can be produced in the process of metabolism, and NO plays an important role in the process of alleviating altitude sickness. Therefore, in the present invention, the feed additive for alleviating altitude sickness is prepared by mixing salidroside, hemoglobin and arginin in a certain proportion. , from the physiological and biochemical aspects of the body, improve the ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen in the blood of high altitude dairy cows, and regulate the balance of the gastrointestinal microflora of dairy cows, so as to achieve the purpose of alleviating altitude sickness.

(2) In the feed additive for relieving altitude sickness of dairy cows of the present invention, each component is plant extract and natural active component, which avoids chemical drug residues and prevents food safety threats to dairy products.

(3) The feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows of the present invention is implemented from the physiological and biochemical aspects of dairy cows, which is beneficial to analyze the action mechanism of the additive.

(4) The feed additive for relieving the altitude sickness of dairy cows of the present invention can be directly added to the feed of dairy cows during feeding. The application is simple and suitable for plateau herdsmen and large-scale farms. Compared with the hyperbaric oxygen chamber, the production is greatly reduced. cost.

It can be seen that the feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows of the present invention can not only reduce the morbidity and mortality of high altitude sickness in high altitude dairy cows, but also reduce the cost of treatment, and at the same time, it can avoid chemical drug residues, ensure the food safety of dairy products, and improve food safety. Importantly, it can also reduce or completely remove the adverse reactions and rebound effects of dairy cows. It has the advantages of low cost, convenient use, and good relief effect. It can be widely used to relieve altitude sickness in dairy cows. Development is very important.

(5) The present invention also provides a method for using a feed additive for relieving altitude sickness in dairy cows, which can be directly used for feeding dairy cows by mixing the feed additive with the ration, which has the advantages of simple operation, convenient use, etc. The popularization of feed additives can realize the wide application of feed additives in alleviating high altitude sickness in dairy cows.

(6) The present invention also provides a feed for alleviating high altitude sickness in dairy cows, including a ration and a feed additive for alleviating high altitude sickness in dairy cows, wherein the addition of feed additives can not only reduce the incidence and mortality of high altitude dairy cows, but also It can reduce the cost of treatment, avoid chemical residues, ensure the safety of dairy products, and more importantly, reduce or completely remove the adverse reactions and rebound effects of dairy cows. It is suitable for alleviating high altitude sickness in dairy cows. The use value and good application prospect.

Description of drawings

To make the purposes, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of different treatment methods on the mortality of Holstein dairy cows in Example 2 of the present invention.

2 is a graph showing the effect of different treatment methods on the mortality of Jersey cattle in Example 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a topography of red blood cells of Holstein cows in the test group and the high-resistance group in Example 2 of the present invention, wherein (a) is the high-resistance group, and (b) is the test group.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

Example 1

A feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness of dairy cows is composed of salidroside, hemoglobin and arginin, wherein the mass ratio of salidroside, hematin and arginin is 1:3333:3333.

A method for preparing a feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows, comprising the following steps: using salidroside, hemoglobin and arginine as raw materials, and mixing them in a mass ratio of 1:3333:3333 according to a three-level mixing method Evenly, the feed additive for relieving the altitude sickness of dairy cows is obtained.

A feed for alleviating high altitude sickness in dairy cows, comprising the feed additive for alleviating high altitude sickness in dairy cows and a ration in Example 1, wherein the mass percentage of the feed additive in the feed is 0.22%. The components in the diet and their mass content are shown in Table 1.

In this example, the premix includes the following components: MgSO ₄ ·H ₂ O with a concentration of 113.85 g/kg, FeSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O with a concentration of 2.69 g/kg, and CuSO ₄ with a concentration of 2.55 g/kg • 5H ₂ O, MnSO ₄ at a concentration of 9.54 g/kg • H ₂ O, ZnSO ₄ at a concentration of 9.60 g/kg • H ₂ O, Na ₂ SeO ₃ at a concentration of 0.030 g/kg, at a concentration of 0.060 g/kg kg of KI, CoCl ₂ •6H ₂ O at a concentration of 0.180 g/kg, vitamin A at a concentration of 500,000 IU/kg, vitamin D at a concentration of 60 kIU/kg, and vitamin E at a concentration of 2000 IU/kg.

Comparative Example 1

A feed additive is composed of salidroside and salicylic acid, wherein the mass ratio of salidroside and salicylic acid is 1:3333.

Comparative Example 2

A feed additive is composed of salidroside and arginine, wherein the mass ratio of salidroside and arginine is 1:3333.

Comparative Example 3

A feed additive is composed of hematin and arginine, wherein the mass ratio of hematin and arginine is 1:1.

Comparative Example 4

A feed additive is composed of salidroside, hematin and arginine, wherein the mass ratio of salidroside, hematin and arginine is 1:5000:5000.

Example 2

A method for using a feed additive for relieving altitude sickness in dairy cows, taking 200 adult Holstein dairy cows and 200 adult Jersey cows raised in a high-standard dairy cattle breeding center as test objects, comprising the following steps: The feeding amount of the additive is 40 g·head ^-1 ·day ^-1 . The feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows in Example 1 is mixed with the ration (the composition of the ration is shown in Table 1), and the obtained feed is used for feeding Dairy cows, specifically: feed once a day at 06:30 and 18:30, ensure that the daily residual feed amount is 5%-10% of the feeding amount, record the feed intake, and drink water freely. They were fed for a total of 60 days, of which the first 10 days were the pre-feeding period, and they were fed only with the diet; the latter 50 days of the positive trial period were fed with the feed obtained by mixing the feed additives and the diet.

Control group 1: The diet was fed to dairy cows, and other conditions were the same as the experimental group.

Control group 2: the feed additive in Comparative Example 1 was replaced by the feed additive in Example 1 of the present invention, mixed with the ration and used to feed dairy cows, and other conditions were the same as in the experimental group.

Control group 3: The feed additive in Comparative Example 2 replaced the feed additive in Example 1 of the present invention, mixed with the ration and used to feed dairy cows, and other conditions were the same as in the experimental group.

Control group 4: The feed additive in Comparative Example 3 replaced the feed additive in Example 1 of the present invention, mixed with the ration and used to feed dairy cows, and other conditions were the same as in the experimental group.

Control group 5: The feed additive in Comparative Example 4 replaced the feed additive in Example 1 of the present invention, mixed with the ration and used to feed dairy cows, and other conditions were the same as in the experimental group.

During the feeding period, the number of deaths of dairy cows was recorded and the mortality of dairy cows was calculated. The results are shown in Figures 1 and 2. As can be seen from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, no feed additive was added in the control group 1, the mortality rate of the corresponding Holstein cows was 15%, and the mortality rate of Jersey cattle was 10%, and Example 1 of the present invention was added in the diet. The corresponding mortality rate of Holstein cows was 4% and that of Jersey cows was 2%. It can be seen that the mortality rate of dairy cows in the test group (added with the feed additive of the present invention) is much lower than that in the control group. To sum up, adding the feed additive for alleviating altitude sickness involved in the present invention to the diet can effectively reduce the mortality of Holstein dairy cows and Jersey cattle, and has a very significant effect.

On the last day of feeding, a portable blood oxygen saturation meter was used to detect blood oxygen saturation and heart rate of the two groups of cows through the cow ears, and blood was collected through the tail root vein to detect the oxygen transport capacity of the blood. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

Table 3 Effects of different treatments on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate in Holstein cows

Table 4 Effects of different treatments on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate of Jersey cattle

It can be seen from Table 3 that for the Holstein cows, the blood oxygen saturation of the cows in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and at the same time, the heart rate was significantly lower than that of the control group; similarly, in the test of the Jersey cows, the same results were obtained. results (Table 4). Therefore, it is shown that adding the feed additive according to the present invention to the dairy cow's diet can significantly improve the blood oxygen saturation of the dairy cow and reduce the heart rate of the dairy cow at the same time. To sum up, it can be seen that the feed additive involved in the present invention can increase the dissolved oxygen in the blood of dairy cows, and at the same time has a protective effect on the heart of dairy cows.

Table 5 Comparison of blood routine analysis of Holstein cows

In Table 5, the high-response group is: the cows with altitude sickness reaction; the altitude sickness + additive group is: the dairy cows with altitude sickness reaction are fed with the feed additive of the present invention, and other conditions are the same as the test group.

As can be seen from Table 5, the feed additive of the present invention has effectively improved the concentration of indicators related to anti-altitude sickness in the blood of Holstein dairy cows, indicating that the feed additive of the present invention can effectively improve the blood oxygen transport ability of Holstein dairy cows, which is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of Holstein. High altitude sickness in dairy cows has a significant effect.

Table 6 Comparison of blood routine analysis of Jersey cattle

In Table 6, the high-response group is: the cows with altitude sickness reaction; the altitude sickness + additive group is: the dairy cows with altitude sickness reaction are fed with the feed additive of the present invention, and other conditions are the same as the test group.

It can be seen from Table 6 that the feed additive (additive group) of the present invention effectively improves the blood oxygen transport ability of Jersey cattle, and at the same time shows that the feed additive of the present invention has a significant effect on preventing and treating altitude sickness.

Fig. 3 is a topography of red blood cells of Holstein cows in the test group and the high-resistance group in Example 2 of the present invention, wherein (a) is the high-resistance group, and (b) is the test group. As can be seen from Figure 3, the red blood cells in the blood of the Holstein dairy cows suffering from altitude sickness (high-risk group) are deformed in a zigzag shape, while the red blood cells in the blood of the Holstein dairy cows fed the feed additive (test group) of Example 1 of the present invention In normal shape - round cake shape. It can be seen that the feed additive of the present invention plays an important role in maintaining the normal shape of red blood cells, and red blood cells in the blood are the transportation means of blood oxygen, and normal red blood cells are the basis for ensuring normal oxygen supply. It can effectively maintain the ability of the blood of dairy cows to transport oxygen, and has a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of high altitude sickness in dairy cows.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All the technical solutions under the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a feed additive for alleviating high altitude sickness in dairy cows, it is characterized in that, described feed additive is made up of salidroside, blood sugar and arginine; The mass ratio of described salidroside, blood sugar and arginine is 1:3333:3333. 2 . A method of using a feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows as claimed in claim 1 , comprising the steps of: mixing the feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows with a ration, and the obtained feed is used for feeding dairy cows. 3 . 3 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein the feeding amount of the feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows is 35 g·tau ^-1 ·day ^-1 to 45 g·tau ^-1 ·day ^-1 . 3 . . 4 . The method according to claim 3 , wherein the feeding amount of the feed additive for relieving high altitude sickness in dairy cows is 40 g·head ⁻¹ ·day ⁻¹ . 5 . 5. The use method according to claim 4, wherein the cow is a Holstein cow or a Jersey cow. 6. The method of use according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the ration comprises the following components by mass percentage: Alfalfa Granules 5.56%, Silage corn 5.56%, Wheatgrass 33.33%, Alfalfa 38.89%, Concentrate 16.66%; The concentrate includes the following components according to mass percentage: Corn 45.5%, Oatmeal 3.5%, 5% wheat bran, Soybean meal 15.5%, Rapeseed cake 20%, Calcium bicarbonate 0.5%, Fat powder 6%, Table salt 1.5%, Premix 2.5%; The premix contains the following components: MgSO ₄ •H ₂ O at a concentration of 113.85 g/kg, FeSO ₄ •7H ₂ O at a concentration of 2.69 g/kg, CuSO ₄ • 5H at a concentration of 2.55 g/kg ₂ O, MnSO ₄ •H ₂ O at a concentration of 9.54 g/kg, ZnSO ₄ •H ₂ O at a concentration of 9.60 g/kg, Na ₂ SeO ₃ at a concentration of 0.030 g/kg, ZnSO 4 at a concentration of 0.060 g/kg KI, CoCl ₂ •6H ₂ O at a concentration of 0.180 g/kg, vitamin A at a concentration of 500,000 IU/kg, vitamin D at a concentration of 60 kIU/kg, and vitamin E at a concentration of 2000 IU/kg. 7. The method of use according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, during the feeding process of the dairy cow, feeding is performed once in the morning and evening for a total of 50 days; The remaining amount is 5% to 10% of the feeding amount. The using method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, in the feeding process of the dairy cows, before feeding the feed, the dairy cows are fed with a ration for 10 days. 9. A feed for alleviating high altitude sickness in dairy cows, characterized in that the feed comprises the feed additive for alleviating high altitude sickness in dairy cows described in claim 1; the mass percentage of the feed additive in the feed is 0.15% to 0.25% %.

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