CN112958785A - 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
3D printing copper-aluminum composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112958785A CN112958785A CN202110144461.6A CN202110144461A CN112958785A CN 112958785 A CN112958785 A CN 112958785A CN 202110144461 A CN202110144461 A CN 202110144461A CN 112958785 A CN112958785 A CN 112958785A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001093 Zr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Cr].[Cu] GXDVEXJTVGRLNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QZLJNVMRJXHARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr].[Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Zr].[Cr].[Cu] QZLJNVMRJXHARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XTYUEDCPRIMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper zirconium Chemical compound [Cu].[Zr] XTYUEDCPRIMJNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- -1 aluminum metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018565 CuAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013354 porous framework Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: placing copper-containing powder in 3D printing equipment, spreading the powder, performing selective laser melting forming, and processing layer by layer to obtain a copper-containing base part; and paving aluminum-containing powder on the machined surface of the copper-containing base part, performing selective laser melting forming again, and annealing the formed piece to obtain the 3D printed copper-aluminum composite material. According to the invention, the aluminum-containing component is compounded on the basis of the copper-containing component by adopting a selective laser melting method to form the copper-aluminum composite material, so that the characteristics of copper and aluminum metals can be fully utilized, the generation of brittle phases at the traditional compound interface is avoided, and the performance of the composite material is improved, so that the obtained composite material has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, compact structure and excellent electric and heat conducting properties; the method is simple and convenient to operate, high in control precision, particularly suitable for preparation of complex structural parts, and low in energy consumption and cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and relates to a 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Copper is a widely used metal element, and its alloy has good thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, strong corrosion resistance and good processability, and is often used in the electronics and electrical industry to manufacture motors, transformers and electronic components, and is mainly used as a heat exchanger, a radiator and the like in light industrial production. Aluminum is another metal element which is widely applied, and the aluminum alloy has a series of excellent characteristics of lower density, higher strength, corrosion resistance and the like, is widely applied in the fields of military industry, aerospace, automobiles, mechanical manufacturing and the like, and has good development prospect; and the aluminum resource is abundant, and the aluminum alloy has great advantages in cost, so that the aluminum is used for replacing copper to form a development trend of electric and heat conducting components on the premise of meeting the service performance requirement.
Because the aluminum alloy is inferior to the copper alloy in the electric conduction and heat conduction performance, the conventional method of replacing copper by aluminum does not completely replace copper by aluminum, but replaces a part of a copper part by aluminum, and the connection method comprises mechanical screw connection, welding method connection, fusion casting method connection and the like, wherein the screw connection is adopted, so that the disassembly and the assembly are convenient, but the mechanical connection can reduce the electric conduction and heat conduction performance, and a gap is formed at a joint to easily form a corrosion environment; the welding method and the fusion casting method can achieve metallurgical bonding, but CuAl and Al are easily formed at the interface2Brittle eutectic phases such as Cu can reduce the bonding strength of the interface and influence the electric and heat conducting properties.
In view of the fact that common metal and alloy materials are high in strength and not prone to deformation, metal structural parts with complex shapes are often difficult to process, a 3D printing technology is developed, the technology has the advantages of being high in size precision, good in surface quality, excellent in performance of formed parts and the like, powder or wire materials are stacked layer by layer in the forming process, the shape of products is almost not limited, complex structures such as grids and cavities can be directly formed, and therefore the method is often used for manufacturing parts with complex shapes and difficult to process, and is widely applied to various fields.
CN 109261958A discloses a preparation method of a medical porous titanium or titanium alloy material with a tantalum coating coated on the surface, which comprises the steps of firstly preparing a porous titanium skeleton or a porous titanium alloy skeleton by a 3D printing method, then corroding the porous titanium skeleton or the porous titanium alloy skeleton, cleaning and drying the corroded porous titanium skeleton or the porous titanium alloy skeleton, then completely embedding the corroded porous titanium skeleton or the porous titanium alloy skeleton in superfine tantalum powder in a metal sheath, carrying out low-temperature diffusion sintering after vacuum sealing, and finally taking out and removing the powder to obtain the medical porous titanium or titanium alloy material with the tantalum coating coated on the surface. The method only adopts 3D printing to prepare the framework material, the preparation of the coating layer is greatly influenced by the structure of the framework, and the uniform coating layer is difficult to form on a complex structure.
CN 111411254A discloses a tungsten-reinforced copper composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite material comprises, by volume fraction, not less than 50% of copper powder and the balance of tungsten powder; the preparation method comprises the following steps: prefabricating a porous tungsten framework by using laser selective melting equipment and tungsten powder, and then carrying out acid pickling and electroplating on the porous tungsten framework to obtain a copper-plated porous tungsten framework; pressing copper powder into a block to be infiltrated with a pure copper pressed compact, placing the copper pressed compact above a copper-plated porous tungsten framework, placing the copper pressed compact and the copper pressed compact together in a mold cavity to perform high-temperature sintering, and removing copper floating on the surface after taking out the copper pressed compact to obtain the required tungsten-reinforced copper composite material; the method still adopts a selective laser melting method to prepare the porous framework structure, the other component enters the framework after being melted, the preparation is not continuously realized by adopting a 3D printing method, and the macroscopic combination of the two materials is not involved, so that the composite material is prepared.
In summary, for the preparation of the composite structure material, a proper combination mode and a preparation method are required to be selected according to the characteristics and structural characteristics of different materials so as to meet the performance requirements of the materials and reduce the cost of raw materials and the process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a copper-aluminum composite material for 3D printing and a preparation method thereof, an aluminum-containing component is compounded on the basis of a copper-containing component by adopting a selective laser melting method to form the copper-aluminum composite material, the characteristics of copper and aluminum are fully utilized, the generation of brittle phases at the traditional composite interface is avoided, the performance of the composite material is improved, and the obtained composite material has the advantages of light weight, high strength, compact structure and strong corrosion resistance, and is applicable to a wider field.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention provides a preparation method of a 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing copper-containing powder in 3D printing equipment, spreading the powder, performing selective laser melting forming, and processing layer by layer to obtain a copper-containing base part;
(2) and (2) paving aluminum-containing powder on the machined surface of the copper-containing base body part obtained in the step (1), performing selective laser melting forming again, and annealing the formed piece to obtain the 3D printed copper-aluminum composite material.
According to the invention, the copper-containing substrate is prepared by adopting a selective laser melting method, and then the aluminum-containing part is added by adopting the same method on the basis of the selective laser melting method, so that the copper-aluminum composite material is obtained, the contact surfaces of the copper-aluminum composite material and the copper-aluminum composite material are combined after powder is partially melted and solidified, the generation of brittle phases at the interface during the traditional copper-aluminum combination can be avoided, the strength and the stability of the composite material are improved, the electric conductivity and the heat conductivity of the composite material can be improved, and the contact thermal resistance at the interface is; the aluminum partially replaces copper, so that the density of the composite material can be reduced, the density of the material is higher due to selective laser melting, the method is suitable for preparing a structural member with a complex structure, and the application range is wider.
The following technical solutions are preferred technical solutions of the present invention, but not limited to the technical solutions provided by the present invention, and technical objects and advantageous effects of the present invention can be better achieved and achieved by the following technical solutions.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the material containing copper powder in the step (1) comprises copper or copper alloy.
Preferably, the copper alloy comprises any one of a copper chromium zirconium alloy, a copper chromium alloy or a copper zirconium alloy.
Preferably, the particle size of the copper-containing powder in step (1) is 15 to 53 μm, and usually the particle size of the copper-containing powder is not all the same, but is concentrated in a range of values, and may be measured as an average particle size, for example, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, or 50 μm, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of values are also applicable.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the copper-containing powder in the step (1) is uniformly laid on a processing platform of 3D printing equipment.
Preferably, the thickness of the layer of the powder in step (1) is 30 to 50 μm, such as 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm or 50 μm, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the substrate preheating temperature of the 3D printing apparatus in step (1) is 80 to 150 ℃, for example, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃ or 150 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser power for selective laser melting in step (1) is 300-370W, for example 300W, 310W, 320W, 330W, 340W, 350W, 360W or 370W, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
Preferably, the laser scanning speed for selective laser melting in step (1) is 400-700 mm/s, such as 400mm/s, 450mm/s, 500mm/s, 550mm/s, 600mm/s, 650mm/s, 700mm/s, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the spot diameter of the selective laser melting in step (1) is 80-120 μm, such as 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm or 120 μm, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the protective gas is introduced into the equipment during the selective laser melting process in step (1), and the oxygen content is controlled to be below 1000ppm, such as 1000ppm, 900ppm, 800ppm, 700ppm, 600ppm or 500ppm, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the recited values are also applicable.
Preferably, the protective gas comprises an inert gas and/or nitrogen.
In the invention, protective gas is introduced to remove air in the equipment, so that the oxygen content is controlled, the composition and the performance of the composite material are prevented from being influenced by excessive oxidation of metal in the melting process of the selective laser area, the protective gas is introduced to maintain the pressure in a forming bin of the equipment to be normal pressure, and the selective laser area melting forming is carried out under the condition.
Preferably, after the copper-containing matrix is formed in the step (1), the cleaning powder is taken out, and then the operation of the step (2) is carried out.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the material containing the aluminum powder in the step (2) comprises aluminum or aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the aluminium alloy comprises an aluminium silicon alloy.
Preferably, the particle size of the aluminum-containing powder in step (2) is 15 to 53 μm, and the particle size of the copper-containing powder is not always completely the same, but is concentrated in a range of values, and may be measured as an average particle size, for example, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, or 50 μm, but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of values are also applicable.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the processing surface of the copper-containing base body part in the step (2) is a flat surface.
According to the equipment and operation characteristics of the selective laser melting forming method, the surface of the platform during powder laying is a horizontal plane, and when the copper-containing matrix is further laid with aluminum powder to prepare the composite material, the powder laying surface of the copper-containing matrix is also the horizontal plane.
Preferably, the powder thickness of the aluminum-containing powder in step (2) is 30 to 50 μm, such as 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm or 50 μm, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the substrate preheating temperature of the 3D printing apparatus in the step (2) is 80 to 150 ℃, for example, 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃ or 150 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the laser power for selective laser melting in step (2) is 250 to 370W, for example, 250W, 270W, 280W, 300W, 320W, 340W, 370W, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
Preferably, the laser scanning speed for selective laser melting in step (2) is 1000-1500 mm/s, such as 1000mm/s, 1100mm/s, 1200mm/s, 1300mm/s, 1400mm/s or 1500mm/s, but not limited to the listed values, and other values not listed in the range of values are also applicable.
In the invention, when the copper-containing matrix and the aluminum-containing component are prepared by adopting a selective laser melting method, the selective laser melting method and the selective laser melting method have different laser powers and laser scanning speeds, wherein the laser power of the copper-containing matrix is higher, the scanning speed of the copper-containing matrix is lower, the laser power of the aluminum-containing component is lower, and the scanning speed of the aluminum-containing component is higher.
Preferably, the spot diameter of the selective laser melting in step (2) is 80-120 μm, such as 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm or 120 μm, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the protective gas is introduced into the equipment during the selective laser melting in step (2), and the oxygen content is controlled to be below 1000ppm, such as 1000ppm, 900ppm, 800ppm, 700ppm, 600ppm or 500ppm, but not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in the range of the values are also applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the annealing treatment in the step (2) is performed under a vacuum condition.
Preferably, the pressure of the annealing treatment in the step (2) is 5 × 10-3Pa or less, e.g. 5X 10-3Pa、4×10- 3Pa、3×10-3Pa、2×10-3Pa or 1X 10-3Pa, etc., but are not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the range of values are also applicable.
Preferably, the annealing treatment in step (2) is performed at a temperature of 200 to 300 ℃, for example, 200 ℃, 220 ℃, 250 ℃, 270 ℃ or 300 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the annealing treatment time in the step (2) is 2 to 5 hours, such as 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours or 5 hours, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of the values are also applicable.
Preferably, the annealing treatment in step (2) is followed by furnace cooling.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly paving copper-containing powder on a processing platform of 3D printing equipment, wherein the particle size of the copper-containing powder is 15-53 microns, the powder paving thickness is 30-50 microns, the substrate preheating temperature is 80-150 ℃, then carrying out selective laser melting forming, the laser power of selective laser melting is 300-370W, the laser scanning speed is 400-700 mm/s, the spot diameter is 80-120 microns, introducing protective gas into the equipment, controlling the oxygen content to be below 1000ppm, paving powder for multiple times, and processing to obtain a copper-containing base body part;
(2) paving aluminum-containing powder on the processed surface of the copper-containing base part obtained in the step (1), wherein the particle size of the aluminum-containing powder is 15-53 mu m, the powder paving thickness is 30-50 mu m, the substrate preheating temperature is 80-150 ℃, selective laser melting forming is carried out again, the laser power of selective laser melting is 250-370W, the laser scanning speed is 1000-1500 mm/s, the spot diameter is 80-120 mu m, protective gas is introduced into equipment, the oxygen content is controlled to be below 1000ppm, annealing treatment is carried out on the formed piece obtained by processing, the annealing treatment is carried out under the vacuum condition, the pressure is 5 multiplied by 10, and the pressure is 5 multiplied by 10-3And (3) below Pa, annealing at 200-300 ℃ for 2-5 h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material.
On the other hand, the invention also provides the 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material obtained by adopting the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the aluminum-containing component is compounded on the basis of the copper-containing component by adopting a selective laser melting method to form the copper-aluminum composite material, so that the characteristics of copper and aluminum metals can be fully utilized, the generation of brittle phases at the traditional compound interface is avoided, and the performance of the composite material is improved, so that the obtained composite material has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, compact structure and excellent electric and heat conducting properties;
(2) the method disclosed by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, high in control precision, especially suitable for preparation of complex structural parts, and low in energy consumption and cost.
Detailed Description
In order to better illustrate the present invention and facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below. However, the following examples are only simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.
The specific embodiment of the invention partially provides a preparation method of a copper-aluminum composite material for 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing copper-containing powder in 3D printing equipment, spreading the powder, performing selective laser melting forming, and processing layer by layer to obtain a copper-containing base part;
(2) and (2) paving aluminum-containing powder on the machined surface of the copper-containing base body part obtained in the step (1), performing selective laser melting forming again, and annealing the formed piece to obtain the 3D printed copper-aluminum composite material.
The following are typical but non-limiting examples of the invention:
example 1:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly paving copper-chromium alloy powder on a processing platform of 3D printing equipment, wherein the average particle size of the alloy powder is 30 micrometers, the powder paving thickness is 40 micrometers, the substrate preheating temperature is 120 ℃, then performing selective laser melting forming, the laser power of selective laser melting is 340W, the laser scanning speed is 550mm/s, the spot diameter is 100 micrometers, introducing argon gas into the equipment, controlling the oxygen content to be 800ppm, paving powder for multiple times, processing to obtain a copper-chromium alloy matrix part, taking out and cleaning the powder;
(2) paving aluminum-silicon alloy powder on the processing surface of the copper-chromium alloy matrix part obtained in the step (1), wherein the average particle size of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 30 micrometers, the paving powder thickness is 40 micrometers, the substrate preheating temperature is 120 ℃, then carrying out selective laser melting forming again, the laser power of selective laser melting is 300W, the laser scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the spot diameter is 100 micrometers, introducing argon gas into the equipment, controlling the oxygen content to be 800ppm, and processing the obtained formed piece to obtain the aluminum-silicon-chromium alloy composite materialAnnealing treatment, wherein the annealing treatment is carried out under vacuum condition and the pressure is 5 x 10-3Pa, annealing at 200 ℃ for 5h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material.
In the embodiment, the copper-aluminum composite material has a compact structure, high strength which can reach 350MPa, and good electric and heat conducting properties.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly paving copper-zirconium alloy powder on a processing platform of 3D printing equipment, wherein the average particle size of the alloy powder is 45 micrometers, the powder paving thickness is 30 micrometers, the substrate preheating temperature is 80 ℃, then performing selective laser melting forming, the laser power of selective laser melting is 300W, the laser scanning speed is 400mm/s, the spot diameter is 80 micrometers, introducing argon gas into the equipment, controlling the oxygen content to be 1000ppm, paving powder for multiple times, processing to obtain a copper-zirconium alloy matrix part, taking out and cleaning the powder;
(2) paving aluminum powder on the processing surface of the copper-zirconium alloy matrix part obtained in the step (1), wherein the average particle size of the aluminum powder is 50 micrometers, the powder paving thickness is 30 micrometers, the substrate preheating temperature is 80 ℃, then performing selective laser melting forming again, the laser power of selective laser melting is 250W, the laser scanning speed is 1000mm/s, the spot diameter is 80 micrometers, introducing argon gas into the equipment, controlling the oxygen content to be 1000ppm, performing annealing treatment on the formed part obtained by processing, and performing annealing treatment under the vacuum condition and the pressure of 4 multiplied by 10-3Pa, annealing at 250 ℃ for 3h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material.
In the embodiment, the copper-aluminum composite material has a compact structure, high strength which can reach 300MPa, and good electric and heat conducting properties.
Example 3:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly paving copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder on a processing platform of 3D printing equipment, wherein the average particle size of the alloy powder is 20 micrometers, the powder paving thickness is 50 micrometers, the preheating temperature of a substrate is 150 ℃, then performing selective laser melting forming, the laser power of the selective laser melting is 370W, the laser scanning speed is 700mm/s, the spot diameter is 120 micrometers, introducing neon into the equipment, controlling the oxygen content to be 600ppm, paving powder for multiple times, processing to obtain a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy matrix part, and taking out and cleaning the powder;
(2) paving aluminum powder on the processing surface of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy matrix part obtained in the step (1), wherein the average particle size of the aluminum powder is 25 micrometers, the powder paving thickness is 50 micrometers, the substrate preheating temperature is 150 ℃, selective laser melting forming is carried out again, the laser power for selective laser melting is 360W, the laser scanning speed is 1500mm/s, the spot diameter is 120 micrometers, neon gas is introduced into equipment, the oxygen content is controlled to be 600ppm, annealing treatment is carried out on the formed part obtained by processing, the annealing treatment is carried out under the vacuum condition, and the pressure is 3 multiplied by 10-3Pa, the annealing temperature is 220 ℃, the time is 4 hours, and then the copper-aluminum composite material is cooled along with the furnace to obtain the 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material.
In the embodiment, the copper-aluminum composite material has a compact density structure, high strength up to 330MPa, and good electric and heat conducting properties.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly paving copper powder on a processing platform of 3D printing equipment, wherein the average particle size of the copper powder is 40 micrometers, the powder paving thickness is 35 micrometers, the substrate preheating temperature is 100 ℃, then performing selective laser melting forming, the laser power of the selective laser melting is 320W, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/s, the spot diameter is 110 micrometers, introducing nitrogen into the equipment, controlling the oxygen content to be 500ppm, paving powder for multiple times, processing to obtain a copper matrix part, taking out the copper matrix part, and cleaning the powder;
(2) paving aluminum-silicon alloy powder on the processing surface of the copper matrix part obtained in the step (1), wherein the average grain diameter of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 40 mu m, and the paving thickness is 35 mu m, preheating the substrate at 100 ℃, performing selective laser melting forming again, wherein the selective laser melting laser power is 280W, the laser scanning speed is 1350mm/s, the spot diameter is 110 mu m, introducing nitrogen into the equipment, controlling the oxygen content to be 500ppm, and performing annealing treatment on the formed piece, wherein the annealing treatment is performed under the vacuum condition, and the pressure is 2 multiplied by 10-3Pa, annealing at 300 ℃ for 2h, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material.
In the embodiment, the copper-aluminum composite material has a compact structure, high strength up to 280MPa, and good electric and heat conducting properties.
Example 5:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly paving copper-chromium-zirconium alloy powder on a processing platform of 3D printing equipment, wherein the average particle size of the alloy powder is 25 micrometers, the powder paving thickness is 45 micrometers, the preheating temperature of a substrate is 135 ℃, then performing selective laser melting forming, the laser power of selective laser melting is 360W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/s, the spot diameter is 90 micrometers, introducing argon gas into the equipment, controlling the oxygen content to be 100ppm, paving powder for multiple times, processing to obtain a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy matrix part, and taking out and cleaning the powder;
(2) paving aluminum-silicon alloy powder on the processing surface of the copper-chromium-zirconium alloy matrix part obtained in the step (1), wherein the average grain diameter of the aluminum-silicon alloy powder is 25 micrometers, the paving powder thickness is 45 micrometers, the substrate preheating temperature is 135 ℃, performing selective laser melting forming again, the laser power of selective laser melting is 320W, the laser scanning speed is 1100mm/s, the spot diameter is 90 micrometers, introducing argon gas into equipment, controlling the oxygen content to be 500ppm, performing annealing treatment on the formed piece obtained by processing, wherein the annealing treatment is performed under the vacuum condition, and the pressure is 1 x 10-3Pa, annealing at 270 ℃ for 3h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material.
In the embodiment, the copper-aluminum composite material has a compact structure, high strength reaching 290MPa and good electric and heat conducting properties.
Comparative example 1:
this comparative example provides a process for the preparation of a copper-aluminium composite material, with reference to the process of example 1, with the only difference that: and (3) preparing the copper-chromium alloy matrix and the aluminum-silicon alloy component by adopting the operations in the step (1) and the step (2), and connecting the copper-chromium alloy matrix and the aluminum-silicon alloy component by adopting a mechanical screw.
In the comparative example, the copper-chromium alloy matrix and the aluminum-silicon alloy part are combined in a mechanical connection mode, so that the combination effect of the copper-chromium alloy matrix and the aluminum-silicon alloy part is weak, particularly, a gap is easy to exist between the copper-chromium alloy matrix and the aluminum-silicon alloy part, the contact thermal resistance is large, the heat conduction performance and the electric conduction performance are reduced by more than 30% compared with those of example 1, and a corrosion environment is easy to form at a joint, so that the corrosion resistance of.
By combining the embodiments and the comparative examples, the aluminum-containing component is compounded on the basis of the copper-containing component by adopting the selective laser melting method to form the copper-aluminum composite material, so that the characteristics of copper and aluminum metals can be fully utilized, the generation of brittle phases at the traditional compound interface is avoided, the performance of the composite material is improved, and the obtained composite material has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, compact structure and excellent electric and heat conductivity; the method is simple and convenient to operate, high in control precision, particularly suitable for preparation of complex structural parts, and low in energy consumption and cost.
The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated in detail by the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed methods, i.e. it is not meant that the present invention must rely on the above detailed methods for its implementation. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification, equivalent substitution of the process of the invention and addition of ancillary operations, selection of specific means, etc., of the present invention are within the scope and disclosure of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing copper-containing powder in 3D printing equipment, spreading the powder, performing selective laser melting forming, and processing layer by layer to obtain a copper-containing base part;
(2) and (2) paving aluminum-containing powder on the machined surface of the copper-containing base body part obtained in the step (1), performing selective laser melting forming again, and annealing the formed piece to obtain the 3D printed copper-aluminum composite material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the copper powder-containing material of step (1) comprises copper or a copper alloy;
preferably, the copper alloy comprises any one of a copper chromium zirconium alloy, a copper chromium alloy or a copper zirconium alloy;
preferably, the particle size of the copper-containing powder in the step (1) is 15-53 μm.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the copper-containing powder of step (1) is uniformly laid on a processing platform of a 3D printing device;
preferably, the thickness of the powder paving in the step (1) is 30-50 μm;
preferably, the preheating temperature of the substrate of the 3D printing device in the step (1) is 80-150 ℃.
4. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the laser power for selective laser melting in step (1) is 300-370W;
preferably, the laser scanning speed of selective laser melting in the step (1) is 400-700 mm/s;
preferably, the diameter of the spot melted in the selective laser area in the step (1) is 80-120 μm;
preferably, protective gas is introduced into the equipment in the selective laser melting process in the step (1), and the oxygen content is controlled to be below 1000 ppm;
preferably, the protective gas comprises an inert gas and/or nitrogen;
preferably, after the copper-containing matrix is formed in the step (1), the cleaning powder is taken out, and then the operation of the step (2) is carried out.
5. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the aluminum powder-containing material of step (2) comprises aluminum or an aluminum alloy;
preferably, the aluminium alloy comprises an aluminium silicon alloy;
preferably, the particle size of the aluminum-containing powder in the step (2) is 15-53 μm.
6. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the processed surface of the copper-containing base portion in the step (2) is a flat surface;
preferably, the powder spreading thickness of the aluminum-containing powder in the step (2) is 30-50 μm;
preferably, the preheating temperature of the substrate of the 3D printing device in the step (2) is 80-150 ℃.
7. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the laser power for selective laser melting in step (2) is 250 to 370W;
preferably, the laser scanning speed of selective laser melting in the step (2) is 1000-1500 mm/s;
preferably, the diameter of the spot melted in the selective laser area in the step (2) is 80-120 μm;
preferably, protective gas is introduced into the equipment in the selective laser melting process in the step (2), and the oxygen content is controlled to be below 1000 ppm.
8. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the annealing treatment of step (2) is performed under vacuum conditions;
preferably, the pressure of the annealing treatment in the step (2) is 5 × 10-3Pa below;
preferably, the temperature of the annealing treatment in the step (2) is 200-300 ℃;
preferably, the annealing treatment time in the step (2) is 2-5 h;
preferably, the annealing treatment in step (2) is followed by furnace cooling.
9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly paving copper-containing powder on a processing platform of 3D printing equipment, wherein the particle size of the copper-containing powder is 15-53 microns, the powder paving thickness is 30-50 microns, the substrate preheating temperature is 80-150 ℃, then carrying out selective laser melting forming, the laser power of selective laser melting is 300-370W, the laser scanning speed is 400-700 mm/s, the spot diameter is 80-120 microns, introducing protective gas into the equipment, controlling the oxygen content to be below 1000ppm, paving powder for multiple times, and processing to obtain a copper-containing base body part;
(2) paving aluminum-containing powder on the processed surface of the copper-containing base part obtained in the step (1), wherein the particle size of the aluminum-containing powder is 15-53 mu m, the powder paving thickness is 30-50 mu m, the substrate preheating temperature is 80-150 ℃, selective laser melting forming is carried out again, the laser power of selective laser melting is 250-370W, the laser scanning speed is 1000-1500 mm/s, the spot diameter is 80-120 mu m, protective gas is introduced into equipment, the oxygen content is controlled to be below 1000ppm, annealing treatment is carried out on the formed piece obtained by processing, the annealing treatment is carried out under the vacuum condition, the pressure is 5 multiplied by 10, and the pressure is 5 multiplied by 10-3And (3) below Pa, annealing at 200-300 ℃ for 2-5 h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material.
10. 3D printing copper-aluminum composite material obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-9.
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