CN113881875A - A kind of three-dimensional skeleton structure metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of three-dimensional skeleton structure metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 11
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UTSDGYKWHMMTDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;tungsten Chemical compound [AlH3].[W] UTSDGYKWHMMTDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001008 7075 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/04—Casting by dipping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F3/26—Impregnating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metal matrix composite, in particular to a metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite with a three-dimensional framework structure and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite consists of a reinforcement precast block with a three-dimensional framework structure and an aluminum matrix, and the volume fraction of a reinforcement in the aluminum matrix composite is 30-70%; the method comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a reinforcement precast block by an additive manufacturing technology; s2: melting an aluminum matrix under a protective atmosphere to obtain a metal aluminum melt; s3: preheating the prefabricated reinforced block and maintaining the temperature, placing the prefabricated reinforced block and a mold in a press machine, pouring a metal aluminum melt into the mold, controlling the temperature of the table top of the press machine, and performing pressure infiltration; s4: and naturally cooling to room temperature after pressure relief to obtain the metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with the three-dimensional framework structure. Compared with the prior art, the invention can improve the heat-conducting property of the aluminum matrix composite material under the condition of obviously improving the strength and the modulus of the composite material, and realizes the improvement of the comprehensive property of the aluminum matrix composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal matrix composite, in particular to a metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite with a three-dimensional framework structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of modern industry, higher and higher requirements are put forward on the comprehensive performance of modern new materials, namely the integration of the structural function of the materials is realized, and the requirements are particularly urgent in the fields of energy, aerospace and the like. The properties of a single material have become increasingly difficult to meet the requirements of certain fields for the combination of properties of the material.
Aluminum, one of the most commonly used metals in industry, is often used as a good substitute for copper, a precious metal, in the fields of power transportation, electronic products, etc., due to its advantages of low density, low cost, corrosion resistance, good thermal and electrical conductivity, and easy recycling. However, these disadvantages limit the application of metallic aluminum in the fields of energy, functional materials, etc. because of its low strength and modulus and the fact that no aluminum alloy can maintain high thermal conductivity while having high strength. Therefore, the preparation of high-strength and high-thermal-conductivity aluminum-based composite materials is one of the important approaches to solve the problem.
At present, the copper-aluminum composite material is one of important methods for realizing high heat conduction, and the good heat conduction and electric conduction performance of copper is utilized to improve the integral heat conduction and electric conduction capability of the composite material. The strength of the copper-aluminum composite material can be improved through heat treatment, but the traditional composite material preparation technology cannot obtain uniformly distributed reinforcements, so that the composite material with controllable performance cannot be obtained.
The three-dimensional framework reinforcement can change the stress distribution state of the composite material, and the three-dimensional framework structure can realize uniform and controllable distribution of the reinforcement, so that the comprehensive properties of the composite material, such as mechanical property, heat conduction and the like, are improved and even regulated. Since the three-dimensional reinforcement has a minute and complicated structure, it is difficult to accomplish the preparation using the conventional method. At present, the preparation methods of the composite material mainly comprise methods such as rolling, welding, surface deposition, composite casting, powder sintering and the like, however, the methods generally have the problems of long preparation period, weak interface bonding, poor performance stability and the like, and the high-strength high-heat-conductivity aluminum-based composite material is difficult to prepare.
Disclosure of Invention
With the rapid development of the additive manufacturing technology, the three-dimensional reinforcement with small size and high precision can be rapidly prepared by utilizing the selective laser melting technology through structural design of space modeling software. However, the application of this technology in the preparation of metal matrix composites is still not widespread due to problems of immature manufacturing process, high porosity, uncontrollable microstructure, etc. The invention combines the pressure infiltration method with the additive manufacturing method to manufacture the solid metal matrix composite material, thereby reducing the porosity of the composite material and limiting the influence of the current defects of additive manufacturing on the performance of the composite material.
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with a three-dimensional framework structure and a preparation method thereof. The method combines two technologies of selective laser melting and pressure infiltration, and compounds the metal three-dimensional reinforcement precast block formed by selective laser melting with the aluminum matrix, so that the strength and the modulus of the material are improved, the heat-conducting property of the three-dimensional reinforcement aluminum matrix composite material is improved, the structural function integration of the aluminum matrix composite material is realized, and the combination of the strength and the heat-conducting property of the aluminum matrix composite material is realized.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with a three-dimensional framework structure, which consists of a reinforcement precast block and an aluminum matrix, wherein the volume fraction of a reinforcement in the aluminum matrix composite material is 30-70%, and the reinforcement precast block has a three-dimensional framework structure.
Preferably, the material of the reinforcement precast block is Cu, W or Ti.
Preferably, the aluminum matrix is aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the strength of the three-dimensional framework structure metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is 300-800MPa, the modulus is 100-350GPa, and the average thermal conductivity is 100-300W/(m.K).
The invention provides a preparation method of a three-dimensional framework structure metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing a reinforcement prefabricated block with a three-dimensional skeleton structure by an additive manufacturing technology;
s2: heating and melting the aluminum matrix under the protective atmosphere to obtain a metal aluminum melt;
s3: preheating and insulating the reinforcement prefabricated block obtained in the step S1, placing the reinforcement prefabricated block and a die into a press machine together, pouring the metal aluminum melt obtained in the step S2 into the die, controlling the temperature of the table top of the press machine, and then carrying out pressure infiltration;
s4: and naturally cooling to room temperature after pressure relief to obtain the three-dimensional framework structure metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
Preferably, the additive manufacturing technique described in step S1 is preferably a selective laser melting technique, which can provide the highest manufacturing accuracy and meet the design and manufacturing requirements of fine frameworks. Meanwhile, the surface of the material manufactured by using the selective laser melting technology has fine roughness, and is favorable for forming tight interface combination in the pressure infiltration process, so the production precision is high, the repeatability is strong, and the efficiency is excellent. The machining and manufacturing precision of the technology is 0.1mm, and a certain volume shrinkage is generated in the solidification process, so that a margin of about 5% is required to be added when the computer software is used for structural design so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the three-dimensional reinforcement.
The preparation process of additive manufacturing can ensure that the reinforcement prefabricated block has higher density and microstructure uniformity.
Preferably, the substrate on which the reinforcement prefabricated block is placed in the preparation process of the selective laser melting technology is made of the same material as that of the reinforcement prefabricated block.
Preferably, the preheating temperature of the substrate in the preparation process of the selective laser melting technology is 75-200 ℃.
Preferably, the power of the laser in the preparation process of the selective laser melting technology is 200-400W.
Preferably, the diameter of the laser beam in the preparation process of the selective laser melting technology is 0.1 mm.
Preferably, the scanning distance in the preparation process of the selective laser melting technology is 0.05 mm.
Preferably, the oxygen content in the preparation process of the selective laser melting technology is less than 1000 ppm.
Preferably, the protective atmosphere described in step S2 is a nitrogen, helium or argon atmosphere.
Preferably, the temperature of the heating and melting in step S2 is 700-800 ℃.
Preferably, the preheating and heat preservation in the step S3 are preheating to 450-650 ℃ and heat preservation for 1-3 h. When the pre-heating temperature is higher than 450 ℃, a layer of black oxide is generated on the surface of the reinforcement precast block, and the oxide does not have serious influence on the interface reaction and block the infiltration channel of the metal aluminum melt, so that special surface treatment on the surface oxide is not needed.
Preferably, the controlling of the temperature of the table of the press as described in step S3 is controlling the temperature of the table of the press to be more than 200 ℃.
Preferably, the pressure impregnation in step S3 is performed at a pressure of 30 to 70MPa and a load holding time of 10 to 30S.
Preferably, the pressure of the pressure impregnation is 40-50 MPa.
Keeping the reinforcement preform dry during the fabrication process facilitates the formation of dense interfacial reaction products.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with the three-dimensional framework structure is prepared, the heat-conducting property of the aluminum matrix composite material can be improved under the condition of obviously improving the strength and the modulus of the composite material, and the comprehensive performance of the aluminum matrix composite material is improved.
2. The invention combines two technologies of selective laser melting and pressure infiltration. The additive manufacturing method, namely the selective laser melting technology, can realize the individualized production of the framework structure according to the actual production requirement, and has the characteristics of high precision, repeatability, high production efficiency and the like. The pressure infiltration technology is beneficial to filling the metal aluminum melt in the gaps of the three-dimensional framework reinforcement body, and realizes the compact combination of the aluminum matrix composite material interface. The combination of the two technical methods can successfully manufacture the skeleton reinforcement composite material with high solid density and complex manually designed geometric structure, and form compact interface combination, thereby realizing the precise control of the macroscopic morphology of the reinforcement of the composite material and further regulating and controlling the comprehensive performance of the composite material.
3. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material adopted by the invention is simple and feasible, has high preparation efficiency, low cost and no pollution in the preparation process, can design the shape and various parameters of the reinforcement body according to the actual needs, and has high design flexibility.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a three-dimensional reinforcement precast block designed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a bimetallic composite interface diagram of a three-dimensional framework structure metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared in embodiment 1 of the invention;
fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with the three-dimensional framework structure prepared in embodiment 1 of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
In the following examples, the aluminum used was high purity aluminum of grade AL99.70 produced by orthodilute metallic materials ltd; the adopted copper powder is spherical copper powder with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99 percent produced by new casting material science and technology limited company, and the CAS number is 7440-50-8; the titanium powder is HYF-Ti spherical titanium powder produced by Chengdu Huayin powder science and technology limited company; the tungsten powder is high-purity spherical tungsten powder with the brand number of W99.9 produced by Beijing Xinglong-Yuan science and technology limited, and the aluminum-zinc alloy is 7075 aluminum alloy.
Example 1
A metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with a three-dimensional framework structure is composed of a reinforcement prefabricated block and an aluminum matrix, wherein the volume fraction of the aluminum matrix in the composite material is 30% -70%, and the reinforcement prefabricated block has the three-dimensional framework structure.
More specifically, in the present embodiment:
aluminum is selected as an aluminum matrix, and pure copper powder is selected as a preparation material of the reinforcement precast block.
Firstly, UG/NX computer three-dimensional modeling software is adopted to design and simulate the three-dimensional framework reinforcement structure, and the stability and feasibility of the reinforcement are preliminarily confirmed. As shown in fig. 1, it can be seen that the volume fraction of the skeleton designed in this embodiment is 33%, the size of the structural unit is fine, and the processing advantages of the selective laser melting technology can be fully exerted. Preprocessing a three-dimensional model by using Magics three-dimensional slicing software, then using pure copper powder as a raw material, performing additive manufacturing on the three-dimensional reinforcement by adopting a selective laser melting technology, melting the copper powder under the action of a focused laser beam, and then re-solidifying the melted copper powder to manufacture the pure copper reinforcement precast block with a three-dimensional framework structure layer by layer. In the manufacturing process, the substrate which is made of the same material as the prefabricated reinforced body block is preheated to 200 ℃, the power of a laser is selected to be 400W, the diameter of a laser beam is about 0.1mm, the scanning interval is about 0.05mm, and the oxygen content is required to be less than 1000 ppm. Since the machining and manufacturing precision of the technology is about 0.1mm, and a certain volume shrinkage is generated in the solidification process, a margin of about 5% needs to be added when the computer software is used for structural design so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the three-dimensional reinforcement.
Weighing 8 kg of metal aluminum ingots and a refining agent of the metal aluminum ingots with the mass fraction of 0.5%, wherein the refining agent can be produced by QiXin commercial company Limited, Yongkang city, and is used for settling impurities in the aluminum ingots, putting the aluminum ingots into a melting furnace, heating to 800 ℃, standing for 12 hours, removing floating foams on the surface of aluminum liquid, and introducing argon protective atmosphere to obtain the metal aluminum melt for pressure infiltration.
The prefabricated reinforced block is preheated to 550 deg.c in a box-type high temperature furnace, heat maintained for 1 hr after reaching the preheating temperature, and the prefabricated block and the mold are set in the right position of the press. Pouring the obtained metal aluminum melt into a cavity of a mold, controlling the temperature of the table top of a press machine to be higher than 200 ℃, and then carrying out pressure infiltration. And (3) applying pressure in the pressure impregnation to 50MPa, keeping the load for 30s, and naturally cooling to room temperature after pressure relief to obtain the three-dimensional framework structure metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, as can be seen from fig. 2, the copper-aluminum interface of the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the embodiment is tightly bonded, and has no obvious metallurgical defect; as can be seen from fig. 3, dendritic interface reaction products, namely copper-aluminum intermetallic compounds, exist at the interface of the aluminum-based composite material prepared in this embodiment.
According to the pure copper three-dimensional framework structure reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the embodiment, the yield strength of the aluminum matrix composite material which is not subjected to heat treatment is 340MPa, the modulus is 142GPa, and the yield strength is improved compared with that of pure copper and pure aluminum, meanwhile, the average thermal conductivity of the aluminum matrix composite material is 234W/(m.K), and the strength is improved, and meanwhile, the high thermal conductivity is realized.
Example 2
A metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with a three-dimensional framework structure is composed of a reinforcement prefabricated block and an aluminum matrix, wherein the volume fraction of a reinforcement in the composite material is 30% -70%, and the reinforcement prefabricated block has a three-dimensional framework structure.
More specifically, in the present embodiment:
aluminum is selected as an aluminum matrix, and pure titanium powder is selected as a preparation material of the reinforcement precast block.
Firstly, UG/NX computer three-dimensional modeling software is adopted to design and simulate the three-dimensional framework reinforcement structure, and the stability and feasibility of the reinforcement are preliminarily confirmed. The volume fraction of the skeleton designed by the embodiment is 30%, the size of the structural unit is finer, and the processing advantages of the selective laser melting technology can be fully exerted. Preprocessing a three-dimensional model by using Magics three-dimensional slice software, then using pure titanium powder as a raw material, performing additive manufacturing on the three-dimensional reinforcement by adopting a selective laser melting technology, melting the titanium powder under the action of a focused laser beam, then re-solidifying, and manufacturing the pure titanium reinforcement precast block with a three-dimensional framework structure layer by layer. In the manufacturing process, the substrate which is made of the same material as the prefabricated reinforced body block is preheated to 75 ℃, the power of a laser is selected to be 200W, the diameter of a laser beam is about 0.1mm, the scanning interval is about 0.05mm, and the oxygen content is required to be less than 1000 ppm. Since the machining and manufacturing precision of the technology is about 0.1mm, and a certain volume shrinkage is generated in the solidification process, a margin of about 5% needs to be added when the computer software is used for structural design so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the three-dimensional reinforcement.
Weighing 8 kg of metal aluminum ingot and a refining agent of the metal aluminum ingot with the mass fraction of 0.5%, producing by Ang Xin commercial Co Ltd of Yongkang city, and depositing impurities in the aluminum ingot, putting the aluminum ingot into a melting furnace, heating to 700 ℃, standing for 12h, removing floating foam on the surface of aluminum liquid, and introducing nitrogen protective atmosphere to obtain the metal aluminum melt for pressure infiltration.
The prefabricated reinforced block is preheated to 650 deg.c in a box-type high temperature furnace, heat maintained for 3 hr, and the prefabricated block and the mold are set in the right position of the press. Pouring the obtained metal aluminum melt into a cavity of a mold, controlling the temperature of the table top of a press machine to be higher than 200 ℃, and then carrying out pressure infiltration. And (3) applying pressure in the pressure impregnation process to 70MPa, keeping the load for 10s, and naturally cooling to room temperature after pressure relief to obtain the three-dimensional framework structure metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot. The titanium-aluminum interface in the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the embodiment is tightly combined, and no obvious metallurgical defect exists; the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the embodiment has dendritic interface reaction products at the interface, namely the titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound.
According to the pure titanium three-dimensional framework structure reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by the embodiment, the yield strength of the aluminum-based composite material which is not subjected to heat treatment is 345MPa, the modulus is 120GPa, and compared with pure titanium and pure aluminum, the yield strength is improved, meanwhile, the average thermal conductivity of the aluminum-based composite material is 150W/(m.K), and the high thermal conductivity is realized while the strength is improved.
Example 3
A metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with a three-dimensional framework structure is composed of a reinforcement prefabricated block and an aluminum matrix, wherein the volume fraction of a reinforcement in the composite material is 30% -70%, and the reinforcement prefabricated block has a three-dimensional framework structure.
More specifically, in the present embodiment:
the aluminum-zinc alloy is selected as an aluminum matrix, and the pure tungsten powder is used as a preparation material of the reinforcement precast block.
Firstly, UG/NX computer three-dimensional modeling software is adopted to design and simulate the three-dimensional framework reinforcement structure, and the stability and feasibility of the reinforcement are preliminarily confirmed. The volume fraction of the skeleton designed by the embodiment is 70%, the size of the structural unit is finer, and the processing advantages of the selective laser melting technology can be fully exerted. Preprocessing a three-dimensional model by using Magics three-dimensional slice software, then using pure tungsten powder as a raw material, performing additive manufacturing on the three-dimensional reinforcement by adopting a selective laser melting technology, melting the tungsten powder under the action of a focused laser beam, then re-solidifying, and manufacturing the pure tungsten reinforcement precast block with a three-dimensional framework structure layer by layer. In the manufacturing process, the substrate which is made of the same material as the prefabricated reinforced body block is preheated to 120 ℃, the power of a laser is selected to be 250W, the diameter of a laser beam is about 0.1mm, the scanning interval is about 0.05mm, and the oxygen content is required to be less than 1000 ppm. Since the machining and manufacturing precision of the technology is about 0.1mm, and a certain volume shrinkage is generated in the solidification process, a margin of about 5% needs to be added when the computer software is used for structural design so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the three-dimensional reinforcement.
Weighing 8 kg of aluminum-zinc alloy and a refining agent of the aluminum-zinc alloy with the mass fraction of 0.5%, producing by Ang Xin commercial Co Ltd of Yongkang city, for settling impurities in the aluminum-zinc alloy, putting the aluminum-zinc alloy into a melting furnace, heating to 750 ℃, standing for 12h, removing floating foam on the surface of aluminum liquid, and introducing helium protective atmosphere to obtain a metal aluminum melt for pressure infiltration.
The prefabricated reinforced block is preheated to 600 deg.c in a box-type high temperature furnace, heat maintained for 3 hr, and the prefabricated block and the mold are set in the right position of the press. Pouring the obtained metal aluminum melt into a cavity of a mold, controlling the temperature of the table top of a press machine to be higher than 200 ℃, and then carrying out pressure infiltration. And (3) applying pressure in the pressure impregnation to 40MPa, keeping the load for 25s, and naturally cooling to room temperature after pressure relief to obtain the three-dimensional framework structure metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite ingot. The tungsten-aluminum interface in the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the embodiment is tightly combined, and no obvious metallurgical defect exists; the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the embodiment has dendritic interface reaction products at the interface, namely, the tungsten-aluminum intermetallic compound.
According to the pure tungsten three-dimensional framework structure reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the embodiment, the yield strength of the aluminum matrix composite material without heat treatment is 800MPa, the modulus is 350GPa, and compared with pure tungsten and pure aluminum, the yield strength is improved, meanwhile, the average thermal conductivity of the aluminum matrix composite material is 180W/(m.K), and the high thermal conductivity is realized while the strength is improved.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with the three-dimensional framework structure is characterized by comprising a reinforcement precast block and an aluminum matrix, wherein the volume fraction of a reinforcement in the aluminum matrix composite material is 30% -70%, and the reinforcement precast block has the three-dimensional framework structure.
2. The metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with the three-dimensional framework structure as recited in claim 1, wherein the material of the reinforcement precast block is Cu, W or Ti.
3. The metal-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum matrix is aluminum or aluminum alloy.
4. The aluminum-based composite material with metal reinforced three-dimensional structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strength of the aluminum-based composite material with metal reinforced three-dimensional structure is 300-800MPa, the modulus is 100-350GPa, and the average thermal conductivity is 100-300W/(m-K).
5. A method for preparing a metal-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with a three-dimensional framework structure as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
s1: preparing a reinforcement prefabricated block with a three-dimensional skeleton structure by an additive manufacturing technology;
s2: heating and melting the aluminum matrix under the protective atmosphere to obtain a metal aluminum melt;
s3: preheating and insulating the reinforcement prefabricated block obtained in the step S1, placing the reinforcement prefabricated block and a die into a press machine together, pouring the metal aluminum melt obtained in the step S2 into the die, controlling the temperature of the table top of the press machine, and then carrying out pressure infiltration;
s4: and naturally cooling to room temperature after pressure relief to obtain the three-dimensional framework structure metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the additive manufacturing technique in step S1 is a selective laser melting technique.
7. The method for preparing the metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with the three-dimensional framework structure according to claim 6, wherein the preparation process of the selective laser melting technology comprises one or more of the following steps:
(i) the base plate for placing the reinforcement precast block and the reinforcement precast block are made of the same material;
(ii) the preheating temperature of the substrate is 75-200 ℃;
(iii) the power of the laser is 200-400W;
(iv) the diameter of the laser beam is 0.1 mm;
(v) the scanning distance is 0.05 mm;
(vi) the oxygen content is less than 1000 ppm.
8. The method for preparing a metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with a three-dimensional framework structure according to claim 5, wherein the step S2 includes one or two of the following steps:
(i) the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, helium or argon atmosphere;
(ii) the temperature for heating and melting is 700-800 ℃.
9. The method for preparing a metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with a three-dimensional framework structure according to claim 5, wherein the step S3 includes one or more of the following steps:
(i) the preheating and heat preservation are carried out for 1-3h at the temperature of 450-650 ℃;
(ii) the temperature of the table top of the press machine is controlled to be more than 200 ℃;
(iii) the pressure of the pressure infiltration is 30-70MPa, and the load retention time is 10-30 s.
10. The method for preparing a metal reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with a three-dimensional framework structure according to claim 9, wherein the pressure of the pressure infiltration is 40-50 MPa.
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