CN112636561B - Monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of transmission in mechanical engineering, in particular to a novel unipolar magnet rotating superconducting coupler. It consists of a driving permanent disk assembly, a driven conductor disk assembly and a low temperature constant temperature device. The speed regulating device is installed on the driving permanent disk assembly, the driven conductor disk assembly is placed in the low temperature constant temperature device, and the driven frame is installed. There are superconducting coils. The driven conductor disc assembly is placed in a cryostat filled with liquid nitrogen. The permanent disk can be used as a driving disk to drive the conductor disk to rotate, and vice versa. The speed regulating device adopts a bevel gear speed regulating mechanism. By changing the thickness of the air gap between the driving disc and the driven disc, the facing area and the arrangement of the permanent magnets, the magnetic density of the air gap is changed accordingly to achieve speed regulation. In addition, by changing the superconducting state of the coil, the direction of the magnetic field lines and the degree of magnetic concentration can be changed, and then the air-gap magnetic density can be changed to achieve speed regulation.

Description

A monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of transmission in mechanical engineering, and relates to a non-contact torque transmission magnetic coupler, in particular to a unipolar magnet rotating superconducting coupler. It can realize power transmission between the power source and the load end without mechanical contact, and is suitable for occasions where power needs to be transmitted between two different environments.

Background technique

Mechanical coupling is an important part of mechanical transmission system, widely used in mining, metallurgy, aviation and chemical industry, etc., but due to the elastic force and moment problems caused by axial deviation during installation, as well as radial and angular Orientation deviation tends to cause vibration and noise. The magnetic coupling has the characteristics of non-contact connection, which can effectively solve this problem. Therefore, in some occasions with high torque vibration, the mechanical coupling has been gradually replaced by the magnetic coupling. However, the traditional magnetic coupler cannot solve the problem of motor heating, and even fails when the load starts.

In patent 201710461913.7, a disk-type speed-regulating magnetic coupling based on bevel gear transmission is disclosed. The invention consists of a driving disk assembly and a driven disk assembly, and the adjusting mechanism is installed on the driving disk assembly. In the active disk assembly, several permanent magnets in the same magnetizing direction are pasted on the yoke and are fixed, while several permanent magnets in another magnetizing direction are pasted on the yoke and can rotate; the conductor disk of the driven disk assembly is It is composed of a ring conductor and a yoke; by adjusting the thickness of the axial air gap and the rotation of the single magnet, not only the average facing area and the air gap distance between the permanent magnet and the conductor ring are changed, but also the alternation of the N and S poles of the permanent magnet is gradually changed at the same time. Arrangement, thereby changing the air gap magnetic density to realize the speed regulation process. However, in this invention, the conductor disc is a common solid conductor structure composed of a ring conductor and a yoke, and there is no material performance requirement for the main and driven discs, so the material of the main and driven discs is not considered to be affected by high temperature. Therefore, the coupler is prone to high temperature and heat generation in heavy-load starting occasions, especially in heavy-load fields such as ship propulsion and wind power generation, resulting in insufficient load capacity of the coupler.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention proposes a monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler, which is composed of a driving permanent disk assembly that can be rotated by the monopole magnet, a driven conductor disk assembly with superconducting magnetic isolation characteristics, and a low temperature thermostat, wherein the driving permanent disk assembly is A regulating mechanism is installed on the disk assembly, and the driven conductor disk assembly is placed in a low temperature thermostat. It can change the axial distance of the drive and driven disk, the rotation angle of the permanent magnet, the superconducting state of the coil, and the compound speed regulation, etc. There are various ways to change the air gap magnetic density to realize the speed regulation function.

A single-pole magnet rotating superconducting coupler is composed of a driving permanent disk assembly, a driven conductor disk assembly and a low temperature thermostat, wherein the adjusting mechanism is installed on the driving permanent disk assembly, and the driven conductor disk assembly is placed on the in a cryostat. The drive permanent disk assembly includes a drive frame, a fixed permanent magnet yoke, a fixed permanent magnet, a rotating permanent magnet, a rotating permanent magnet yoke, a pinion shaft, a small bevel gear, a large bevel gear sleeve, a drive shaft, a key, and a dial and dial pin, the drive frame adopts a spoke structure, the material is copper conductor, and the left end face is welded with a fixed permanent magnet yoke, the fixed permanent magnet is bonded on the surface of the fixed permanent magnet yoke, and there is an axial direction between the adjacent two poles. The through hole is used to install the rotatable rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke, wherein the fixed permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet have the same area as the fixed permanent magnet yoke and the rotating permanent magnet yoke respectively, and the fixed permanent magnet in the driving frame The high-performance permanent magnet material NdFeB (NdFeB) is used as the material for the rotating permanent magnet and the magnetization is uniform in the axial direction. The magnetization directions of the two are opposite and the N and S poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The rotating permanent magnet can be the N pole. Or S pole, the rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke are wrapped by aluminum sheet metal, the pinion shaft is installed on the driving frame through the rotating permanent magnet yoke and the circular through hole on the radial direction of the driving frame, and the pinion gear The upper end of the shaft is fixed with the rotating permanent magnet yoke, and the rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke can rotate around the pinion shaft in the axial through hole of the drive frame. The lower end of the pinion shaft is fixedly connected with the pinion bevel gear. At the same time, the left side of the drive frame is connected with the drive shaft through a key, and the outer side of the drive shaft is sleeved with a large bevel gear sleeve. in the chute on the side and in the groove of the drive shaft.

The driven conductor disc assembly includes a driven frame, a superconducting coil, a copper core, a conductor disc yoke, a key and a driven shaft. The driven frame adopts a spoke structure, and the material is made of copper conductors, in which there are several fan-shaped through slots for To install the superconducting coil and its wound copper core, the superconducting coil and its wound copper core are tightly pressed into the groove, the depth of the groove is the same as the axial length of the copper core, and the superconducting coil is Hi-type and wound on the surface of the copper core. , The superconducting coil material is mercury calcium thallium copper oxide (HgTlCaCuO), which has the highest critical superconducting temperature of 139K. During the winding process, the copper core is installed on the winding table for rotational movement, and each turn of the coil is soaked with two sets of Araldite resin to withstand low temperature environments. The driven frame and the conductor disc yoke are fixedly connected by screws, and are connected with the driven shaft by keys. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the driving permanent disk assembly can be used as a driving disk to drive the driven conductor disk assembly to rotate, and vice versa. The cryostat device includes a cryostat, a thermostat cover and a thermostat base. The driven conductor disc assembly is placed in the cryostat. The left end of the cryostat is fixedly connected to the thermostat cover through screws, and the lower end is installed on the thermostat base. Low temperature and high temperature channels are opened on the top to be connected to the low temperature liquid helium tank and the liquid helium refrigerator respectively.

It has four speed regulation methods. The first is to move the drive permanent disk assembly or the driven conductor disk assembly axially, and change the thickness of the air gap between the two, thereby changing the magnetic field density to achieve speed regulation; the second is By rotating the rotating permanent magnet (N pole or S pole) by a certain angle, the effective air gap thickness and facing area between the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk and the permanent magnet arrangement are changed, and the air gap magnetic density is changed accordingly. To achieve speed regulation, the rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke can rotate within the range of 0° to 90°. When the coupler is in the initial position, that is, when the rotation angle is 0°, the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk are completely aligned, and the air gap The thickness is the smallest, the output speed and torque are the largest; when the rotation angle is 90°, the facing area of the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk is the smallest, the air gap thickness is the largest, the magnetic field density is the lowest, and the output speed and torque are the smallest; the third is to change simultaneously The axial distance between the driving permanent disk assembly and the driven conductor disk assembly and the compound speed regulation of the rotation angle of the rotating permanent magnet in the driving permanent magnet disk assembly; the fourth is by changing the superconducting state of the superconducting coil, which can be changed The direction of the magnetic field lines and the degree of magnetic concentration, and then change the air gap magnetic density to achieve speed regulation. By unipolar permanent magnet rotation speed regulation, the huge pulling force required to move the permanent magnet disc or superconductor disc by traditional speed regulation can be avoided, thereby saving energy and prolonging the life of the coupler.

The principle of magnetization: a superconducting coil is installed in the driven conductor disk assembly, and the driven conductor disk assembly is placed in a cryostat filled with low-temperature liquid nitrogen. When the superconducting coil is cooled to absolute zero, it enters the superconducting state. During the work, an induced current will be generated on the surface to form an electromagnet repelling the permanent magnetic field. Due to the magnetic isolation characteristics of the superconducting material, the magnetic field lines will be repelled, and the magnetic field will be concentrated through the copper core wound by the superconducting coil and the copper driven The frame produces a magnetic concentrating effect by partially isolating the magnetic field, thereby increasing the magnetic field strength in the air gap. At the same time, the zero resistance effect of the superconducting material is used to greatly increase the induced current density, thereby increasing the output torque, and at the same time reducing the heat loss caused by the Joule effect, avoiding the overheating and melting of the coil.

Both the drive frame and the driven frame adopt a spoke structure, and the materials are made of copper, which has a low expansion coefficient and can withstand high temperatures and low temperatures of -60 °C; the fixed permanent magnet yoke, rotating permanent magnet yoke and conductor disc yoke are all made of materials. Manganese-zinc ferrite has high magnetic permeability, which can effectively improve the air gap magnetic density and output torque; the thermostat cover and cryostat are made of epoxy resin G11; the thermostat base, drive shaft, driven The material of the shaft, large bevel gear sleeve, small bevel gear, pinion shaft, paddle, paddle pin and key is galvanized steel.

It should be noted that there are low temperature and high temperature channels on the top of the cryostat. When the liquid helium temperature in the cryostat reaches the critical temperature, the liquid helium is pumped out of the high temperature channel by a pump and sent to the refrigerator for cooling. The channel inputs cryogenic liquid helium until the temperature drops to absolute zero, thereby ensuring that the coil is always in a superconducting state during operation.

Advantages of the present invention

(1) In the present invention, the driven conductor disc assembly is placed in a cryostat filled with low-temperature liquid nitrogen. When the superconducting coil is cooled to absolute zero and enters a superconducting state, an induced current will be generated on the surface during operation to form a An electromagnet repels the permanent magnetic field. Due to the magnetic isolation characteristics of the superconducting material, the magnetic field lines will be repulsed, and the magnetic field will be concentrated through the copper core wound by the superconducting coil and the copper driven frame, and the magnetic concentration effect will be generated by partial magnetic isolation. , thereby increasing the magnetic field strength in the air gap. At the same time, the zero resistance effect of the superconducting material is used to greatly increase the induced current density, thereby increasing the output torque, and at the same time reducing the heat loss caused by the Joule effect, avoiding the overheating and melting of the coil.

(2) In the present invention, low temperature and high temperature channels are opened on the top of the cryostat. When the temperature of liquid helium in the cryostat reaches the critical temperature, the liquid helium is extracted from the high temperature channel by a pump and sent to the refrigerator for cooling. The low temperature liquid helium is input through the low temperature channel until the temperature drops to absolute zero, which effectively reduces the temperature of the driven conductor disk assembly, so that the superconducting coil can always be in a superconducting state during operation.

(3) The present invention has four speed regulation modes, which can change the air-gap magnetic density by changing the axial distance of the driving and driven discs, the rotation angle of the permanent magnet, the superconducting state of the coil, and the compound speed regulation, etc. Flexible adjustment of output speed. By rotating the speed regulation of the single pole permanent magnet, the huge pulling force required to move the driving or driven disc by traditional speed regulation can be avoided, thus saving energy and prolonging the life of the coupler.

Description of drawings

The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the drive disk assembly of the embodiment.

FIG. 3( a ) is a schematic diagram when the rotation angle of the permanent magnet of the embodiment is 0°.

FIG. 3( b ) is a schematic diagram when the rotation angle of the permanent magnet of the embodiment is 90°.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the bevel gear adjusting mechanism of the embodiment.

FIG. 5( a ) is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the driving frame and the permanent magnet of the embodiment.

Fig. 5(b) is a cross-sectional view of the drive frame of the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the driven disk assembly of the embodiment.

FIG. 7( a ) is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the driven frame, the superconducting coil and the copper core according to the embodiment.

Fig. 7(b) is a cross-sectional view of the driven frame of the embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a superconducting coil magnetization principle of an embodiment.

9 is a three-dimensional exploded view of a cryostat of an embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the refrigeration principle of the cryostat of the embodiment.

Fig. 11(a) is an exploded view of the large bevel gear sleeve and the drive shaft of the embodiment.

Fig. 11(b) is a schematic view of the assembly of the large bevel gear sleeve and the drive shaft of the embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure analysis of the monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler according to the embodiment.

1- Drive frame 2- Fixed permanent magnet yoke 3- Rotating permanent magnet yoke 4- Pinion shaft 5- Small bevel gear 6- Large bevel gear sleeve 7- Drive shaft 8- Dial block 9- Driven frame 10- Superconducting coil 11-copper core 12-conductor disc yoke 13-driven shaft 14-low temperature thermostat 15-thermostat base 16-fixed permanent magnet 17-rotating permanent magnet 18-key 19-dial block pin 20-key 21 - Thermostat cover.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, a single-pole magnet rotating superconducting coupler is composed of a driving permanent disk assembly I, a driven conductor disk assembly II and a low temperature thermostat, wherein the adjustment mechanism is installed on the driving permanent disk assembly I , and the driven conductor disc assembly II is placed in a low temperature thermostat. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the drive permanent magnetic disk assembly I includes a drive frame 1, a fixed permanent magnet yoke 2, a fixed permanent magnet 16, a rotating permanent magnet 17, a rotating permanent magnet yoke 3, a pinion shaft 4, a small Bevel gear 5, large bevel gear sleeve 6, drive shaft 7, key 18, dial block 8 and dial block pin 19, the left end face of the drive frame 1 is welded with a fixed permanent magnet yoke 2, and the fixed permanent magnet 16 is bonded to the fixed permanent magnet. There are axial through holes on the surface of the magnet yoke 2 and between the adjacent two poles for installing the rotatable rotating permanent magnet 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3, wherein the fixed permanent magnet 16 and the rotating permanent magnet 17 are respectively connected with the fixed permanent magnet. The area of the yoke 2 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 is the same. The fixed permanent magnet 16 and the rotating permanent magnet 17 in the drive frame 1 are made of high-performance permanent magnet material NdFeB, which is uniformly magnetized in the axial direction. The magnetization directions are opposite and the N and S poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, wherein the rotating permanent magnets can be N poles or S poles, and the rotating permanent magnets 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 are wrapped by aluminum sheet metal. The adjustment mechanism is shown in Figure 4. The pinion shaft 4 is installed on the drive frame 1 through the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 and the circular through hole opened in the radial direction of the drive frame 1. The upper end of the pinion shaft 4 is connected to the rotating permanent magnet yoke. 3. The fixed and rotating permanent magnet 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 can rotate around the pinion shaft 4 in the axial through hole of the drive frame 1. The lower end of the pinion shaft 4 is fixedly connected with the bevel gear 5, and the bevel gear 5 left At the same time, the left side of the drive frame 1 is connected with the drive shaft 7 through the key 18, and the outer side of the drive shaft 7 is sleeved with the large bevel gear sleeve 6. 19 is inserted into the oblique grooves on both sides of the large bevel gear sleeve 6 and the grooves of the drive shaft 7, as shown in Figure 11(a), (b).

As shown in Figures 1 and 6, the driven conductor disc assembly II includes a driven frame 9, a superconducting coil 10, a copper core 11, a conductor disc yoke 12, a key 20 and a driven shaft 13. The driven frame 9 opens There are several fan-shaped through slots for installing the superconducting coil 10 and its wound copper core 11 . The driven frame 9 is fixedly connected with the conductor disc yoke 12 through screws, and is connected with the driven shaft 13 through a key 20 . According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the driving permanent disk assembly can be used as a driving disk to drive the driven conductor disk assembly to rotate, and vice versa.

It has four speed regulation modes. The first is to axially move the drive permanent disk assembly I or the driven conductor disk assembly II. As shown in Figure 1, by changing the thickness of the air gap between the two, the magnetic field is changed. Density to achieve speed regulation; the second is to rotate the rotating permanent magnet (N pole or S pole) by a certain angle, thereby changing the effective air gap thickness and facing area between the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk, as well as the permanent magnet arrangement , the air gap magnetic density changes accordingly to realize speed regulation, the rotating permanent magnet 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 can rotate in the range of 0° to 90°, as shown in Figure 3(a), (b), the coupling At the initial position, that is, when the rotation angle is 0°, the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk are completely facing each other, the air gap thickness is the smallest, and the output speed and torque are the largest; when the rotation angle is 90°, the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk are facing the area The smallest and the largest air gap thickness, the lowest magnetic field density, the smallest output speed and torque; the third is to simultaneously change the axial distance between the drive permanent disk assembly I and the driven conductor disk assembly II and the drive permanent disk assembly I. The compound speed regulation of the rotation angle of the rotating permanent magnet; the fourth is by changing the superconducting state of the superconducting coil 10, which can change the direction of the magnetic field lines and the degree of magnetic concentration, and then change the air gap magnetic density to achieve speed regulation. By unipolar permanent magnet rotation speed regulation, the huge pulling force required to move the permanent magnet disc or superconductor disc by traditional speed regulation can be avoided, thereby saving energy and prolonging the life of the coupler.

As shown in Figures 5(a) and (b), the drive frame 1 adopts a spoke structure, the left end face of the drive frame 1 is welded with a fixed permanent magnet yoke 2, and the fixed permanent magnet 16 is bonded to the surface of the fixed permanent magnet yoke 2 and An axial through hole is left between each two poles for installing the rotatable rotating permanent magnet 17 and the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 . As shown in Figures 7(a) and (b), the driven frame 9 adopts a spoke structure, and there are several fan-shaped slots on the left side for installing the superconducting coil 10 and its wound copper core 11, the superconducting coil 10 and its winding. The wound copper core 11 is tightly pressed into the slot, the depth of the slot is the same as the axial length of the copper core 11, the superconducting coil 10 is Hi-type and is wound on the surface of the copper core 11, and the material of the superconducting coil 10 is mercury calcium thallium copper oxide ( HgTlCaCuO), with the highest critical superconducting temperature of 139K. During the winding process, the copper core 11 is installed on the winding table for rotational motion, and each turn of the coil is soaked with two sets of Araldite resins so that it can withstand the low temperature environment.

In this embodiment, both the driving frame 1 and the driven frame 9 are made of copper conductors, which have a low expansion coefficient and can withstand high temperatures and low temperatures of -60°C; the fixed permanent magnet yoke 2 , the rotating permanent magnet yoke 3 and the conductor disc yoke The iron 12 materials are all made of manganese-zinc ferrite, which has high magnetic permeability, which can effectively improve the air gap magnetic density and output torque; the thermostat cover 21 and the cryostat 14 are made of epoxy resin G11; the thermostat Base 15, drive shaft 7, driven shaft 13, large bevel gear sleeve 6, small bevel gear 5, pinion shaft 4, dial 8, dial pin 19, key 18, key 20 are all made of galvanized steel .

The principle of magnetization: a superconducting coil 10 is installed in the driven conductor disk assembly II, and the driven conductor disk assembly II is placed in a cryostat 14 filled with low-temperature liquid nitrogen. When the superconducting coil 10 is cooled to absolute zero, it enters the In the superconducting state, an induced current will be generated on the surface during operation to form an electromagnet repelling permanent magnetic field. As shown in Figure 8, due to the magnetic isolation characteristics of the superconducting material, the magnetic field lines will be repelled, and the magnetic field will be concentrated through the coil 10. The wound copper core 11 and the driven frame 9 made of copper produce a magnetic concentrating effect through partial magnetic isolation, thereby increasing the magnetic field strength in the air gap. At the same time, the zero resistance effect of the superconducting material is used to greatly increase the induced current density, thereby increasing the output torque, and at the same time reducing the heat loss caused by the Joule effect, avoiding the overheating and melting of the coil.

As shown in FIG. 9 , the cryostat device includes a cryostat 14, a thermostat cover 21 and a thermostat base 15. The driven conductor plate assembly II is placed in the cryostat 14, and the left end of the cryostat 14 is connected to the thermostat through screws. The cover 21 is fixedly connected, the lower end of the cryostat 14 is installed on the base 15 of the thermostat, and the low temperature and high temperature channels are opened at the top to be connected to the cryogenic liquid helium tank and the liquid helium refrigerator respectively.

It should be noted that, as shown in FIG. 10, low temperature and high temperature channels are opened at the top of the cryostat 14. When the temperature of the liquid helium in the cryostat 14 reaches the critical temperature, the liquid helium is pumped out from the high temperature channel by a pump and sent to refrigeration Cooling is carried out in the device, and at the same time, cryogenic liquid helium is input through the cryogenic channel until the temperature drops to absolute zero, so as to ensure that the superconducting coil 10 is always in a superconducting state during operation.

The overall structural analysis of the monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 12 .

Claims (6)

1. A unipolar magnet rotating superconducting coupler is characterized in that: the coupler is made up of a drive permanent disk assembly, a driven conductor disk assembly and a low temperature thermostat, and wherein the adjustment mechanism is installed in the drive permanent disk assembly. The driven conductor disc is placed in a low temperature thermostat; the drive permanent disc assembly includes a drive frame, a fixed permanent magnet yoke, a fixed permanent magnet, a rotating permanent magnet, a rotating permanent magnet yoke, a pinion shaft, a pinion bevel gear, Large bevel gear sleeve, drive shaft, key, shift block and shift block pin; the left end face of the drive frame is welded with a fixed permanent magnet yoke, the fixed permanent magnet is bonded on the surface of the fixed permanent magnet yoke and there is a space between the adjacent two poles. The axial through hole is used to install the rotatable rotating permanent magnet and rotating permanent magnet yoke. The rotating permanent magnet and rotating permanent magnet yoke are wrapped by aluminum sheet metal. The pinion shaft passes through the rotating permanent magnet yoke and the drive frame diameter. The upward circular through hole is installed on the drive frame, the upper end of the pinion shaft is fixed with the rotating permanent magnet yoke, and the rotating permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet yoke rotate around the pinion shaft in the axial through hole of the drive frame, The lower end of the pinion shaft is fixedly connected with the small bevel gear, the left side of the small bevel gear is meshed with the large bevel gear sleeve, and the left side of the drive frame is connected with the drive shaft through a key, and the outer side of the drive shaft is sleeved with a large bevel gear sleeve, which is connected with the large bevel gear sleeve. The dial pin that is fixedly connected to the dial is inserted into the inclined grooves on both sides of the large bevel gear sleeve and the groove of the drive shaft; the driven conductor disc assembly includes a driven frame, a superconducting coil, a copper core, and a conductor disc yoke , key and driven shaft, the driven frame has a number of fan-shaped through slots for installing the superconducting coil and its wound copper core, the superconducting coil and its wound copper core are tightly pressed into the groove, the driven frame and the conductor disk are The yoke is fixedly connected by screws and connected with the driven shaft by keys; the cryostat device includes a cryostat, a thermostat cover and a thermostat base, the driven conductor plate assembly is placed in the cryostat, and the left end of the cryostat passes through The screw is fixedly connected with the thermostat cover, the lower end is installed on the thermostat base, the low temperature channel and the high temperature channel are opened on the top of the cryostat, the low temperature channel is connected with the low temperature liquid helium tank, and the high temperature channel is connected with the liquid helium refrigerator; A superconducting coil is installed in the driven conductor disk assembly, and the driven conductor disk assembly is placed in a cryostat filled with low-temperature liquid nitrogen. When the conductive coil is cooled to absolute zero and enters the superconducting state, an induced current will be generated on the surface during operation to form an electromagnet repelling permanent magnetic field. Due to the magnetic isolation characteristics of the superconducting material, the magnetic field lines will be repelled, and the magnetic field will concentrate through the magnetic field. The copper core wound by the superconducting coil and the copper driven frame produce a magnetic concentration effect through partial magnetic isolation, thereby improving the magnetic field strength in the air gap; at the same time, the zero resistance effect of the superconducting material is used to greatly improve the induced current density. , thereby increasing the output torque, and also reducing the heat loss caused by the Joule effect, preventing the coil from overheating and melting. 2. A monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fixed permanent magnet and the rotating permanent magnet have the same area as the fixed permanent magnet yoke and the rotating permanent magnet yoke respectively, and the driving frame The fixed permanent magnet and rotating permanent magnet are made of high-performance permanent magnet material NdFeB, which is uniformly magnetized in the axial direction. The magnetization directions of the two are opposite and the N and S poles are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. The magnet is N pole or S pole; the depth of the through slot is the same as the axial length of the copper core, the superconducting coil and its wound copper core are tightly pressed into the slot, the depth of the slot is the same as the axial length of the copper core, and the superconducting coil is Hi type and wound on the surface of the copper core, the superconducting coil material is mercury calcium thallium copper oxide (HgTlCaCuO), which has the highest critical superconducting temperature of 139 K; during the winding process, the copper core is installed on the winding table for rotational motion , each turn of the coil is impregnated with two sets of Araldite-type resin. 3. A kind of monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: coupler has four kinds of speed regulation modes, the first one is to move axially to drive permanent disk assembly or driven conductor disk Assembly, changing the thickness of the air gap between the two, thereby changing the magnetic field density to achieve speed regulation; the second is by rotating the N pole or S pole of the rotating permanent magnet by a certain angle, thereby changing the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk. The effective air gap thickness and facing area and the arrangement of permanent magnets, the air gap magnetic density changes accordingly to realize speed regulation; the third is to change the axial distance of the driving permanent disk assembly and the driven conductor disk assembly at the same time and The compound speed regulation of the rotation angle of the rotating permanent magnets in the drive permanent magnet disc assembly; the fourth is to change the direction of the magnetic field lines and the degree of magnetization by changing the superconducting state of the superconducting coil, thereby changing the air gap magnetic density to achieve speed regulation ; Through the speed regulation of the rotation of the unipolar permanent magnet, the huge pulling force required to move the permanent magnet disc or the superconductor disc by the traditional speed regulation method can be avoided, thereby saving energy and prolonging the service life of the coupler. 4. a kind of monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: rotating permanent magnet and rotating permanent magnet yoke rotate in the scope of 0 ° to 90 °, coupler is in initial position namely When the rotation angle is 0°, the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk are completely facing each other, the thickness of the air gap is the smallest, and the output speed and torque are the largest; when the rotation angle is 90°, the facing area of the permanent magnet disk and the superconductor disk is the smallest and the thickness of the air gap is the smallest. The largest, the lowest magnetic field density, the smallest output speed and torque. 5 . The monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler according to claim 1 , wherein the driving frame and the driven frame both adopt a spoke structure, and the material is copper, which has a low expansion coefficient and can withstand -60° C. 6 . The materials of fixed permanent magnet yoke, rotating permanent magnet yoke and conductor disc yoke are all made of manganese-zinc ferrite; the thermostat cover and cryostat are made of epoxy resin G11; the thermostat base, drive shaft, The material of the driven shaft, large bevel gear sleeve, pinion bevel gear, pinion shaft, paddle, paddle pin and key is galvanized steel. 6. A kind of monopole magnet rotating superconducting coupler as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: cryostat top is provided with low temperature channel and high temperature channel, when the liquid helium temperature in cryostat reaches critical temperature, The liquid helium is pumped out from the high temperature channel by the pump and sent to the liquid helium refrigerator for cooling, and the low temperature liquid helium is input through the low temperature channel until the temperature drops to absolute zero, so as to ensure that the coil is always in a superconducting state during operation.

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