CN112636146A - High-power mode-locked disc laser - Google Patents
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- CN112636146A CN112636146A CN202011383586.6A CN202011383586A CN112636146A CN 112636146 A CN112636146 A CN 112636146A CN 202011383586 A CN202011383586 A CN 202011383586A CN 112636146 A CN112636146 A CN 112636146A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/02—Constructional details
- H01S3/04—Arrangements for thermal management
- H01S3/0405—Conductive cooling, e.g. by heat sinks or thermo-electric elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/02—Constructional details
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- H01S3/042—Arrangements for thermal management for solid state lasers
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
- H01S3/0813—Configuration of resonator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
- H01S3/1112—Passive mode locking
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-power mode-locked disc laser in the technical field of lasers, which has the characteristics of high average power, simple structure, good system stability and the like. The disc laser gain medium, the first concave reflector, the second concave reflector and the output end coupling mirror form a mode locking laser resonant cavity, and the Kerr medium and the diaphragm are arranged in the mode locking laser resonant cavity; the Kerr medium is positioned between the first concave reflecting mirror and the second concave reflecting mirror, and the first concave reflecting mirror and the second concave reflecting mirror form a focusing cavity structure; the pump light emitted by the pump source passes through the pump light shaping system to repeatedly reciprocate on the disc laser gain medium, so that the pump light is fully absorbed by the disc laser gain medium; the laser generated by the disc laser gain medium sequentially passes through the first concave reflector, the Kerr medium, the second concave reflector, the diaphragm and the output end coupling mirror to realize laser output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lasers, and particularly relates to a high-power mode-locked disc laser.
Background
Ultrashort pulse laser generally refers to a pulse laser light source with pulse width on picosecond and femtosecond level, and has the characteristics of extremely narrow pulse, extremely wide spectrum, extremely high peak power and the like. The rapid development of ultrashort pulse laser technology in recent years has brought a series of revolution to other related subjects and industrial fields, and has greatly promoted the progress of numerous subjects and fields represented by precise metering, ultrafast chemistry, biomedicine, industrial processing and the like.
The mode locking technology is one of the most direct and effective means for generating ultrashort pulse laser at present, not only can generate stable and reliable Fourier transform limit pulse, but also has high system light-light conversion efficiency, compact structure and easy integration, and simultaneously has good frequency stability, power stability and light beam quality close to the spatial diffraction limit. At present, semiconductor saturable absorption mirror (SESAM) mode locking and kerr lens mode locking are the two most important mode locking technologies for generating ultrashort pulses. The SESAM mode locking can realize picosecond and femtosecond level laser output, but Q-switching instability is easy to occur under the operation of high-power laser, so that the mode locking is unstable, and the SESAM is damaged; in addition, the specific quantum well structure and material characteristics of the SESAM element cause that the SESAM element has limited working bandwidth and relatively slow saturated absorption recovery time, and the generation of ultrashort femtosecond pulses is limited to a certain extent; meanwhile, the preparation of the SESAM needs a molecular beam epitaxial growth technology, the manufacturing process is complex, the cost is high, and the method brings inconvenience for the wide application and the parameter adjustment. The Kerr lens mode locking is to form nonlinear loss modulation in a laser cavity by utilizing the Kerr self-focusing effect of a medium, and is independent of the working wavelength of the medium, so that extremely wide working bandwidth can be realized; in addition, the response time of the nonlinear kerr effect is usually only about a few femtoseconds, the nonlinear kerr effect has the property of a 'fast' saturable absorber, the nonlinear kerr effect can support laser pulse output less than a hundred femtoseconds, and meanwhile, compared with SESAM mode locking, the damage threshold of a bulk kerr medium material is very high, so that kerr lens mode locking is more suitable for generating high-power ultrashort mode locking pulses.
Titanium-sapphire ultrafast lasers and Laser Diode (LD) end-pumped solid-state ultrafast lasers have been able to produce ultrashort pulse outputs ranging from the order of cycles to hundreds of femtoseconds, using kerr lens mode-locking techniques. However, in the conventional X or Z-type kerr lens mode-locked laser, the laser gain medium simultaneously assumes two functions of the gain medium and the kerr medium, and in order to ensure the realization of kerr lens mode locking, the laser gain medium is required to have a high nonlinear refractive index coefficient, and the size of the laser mode in the gain medium is reduced as much as possible during the design of the resonant cavity, so that the laser gain medium can provide a strong self-amplitude modulation effect to realize the ultrashort pulse output of kerr lens mode locking; but now the smaller lasing mode in the laser gain medium makes it difficult to support the generation of high average power ultrashort pulse lasers.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the high-power mode-locked disc laser which has the characteristics of high average power, simple structure, good system stability and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a high-power mode-locked disc laser comprises a pumping source, a pumping light shaping system, a disc laser gain medium, a first concave reflector, a Kerr medium, a second concave reflector, a diaphragm and an output end coupling mirror; the disc laser gain medium, the first concave reflector, the second concave reflector and the output end coupling mirror form a mode locking laser resonant cavity, and the Kerr medium and the diaphragm are arranged in the mode locking laser resonant cavity; the Kerr medium is positioned between the first concave reflecting mirror and the second concave reflecting mirror, and the first concave reflecting mirror and the second concave reflecting mirror form a focusing cavity structure; the laser generated by the disc laser gain medium sequentially passes through the first concave reflector, the Kerr medium, the second concave reflector, the diaphragm and the output end coupling mirror to realize laser output.
Further, the pump source is a semiconductor laser.
Furthermore, the pump light shaping system comprises a plurality of collimating lenses and reflecting mirrors, the collimating lenses and the reflecting mirrors are arranged in a light path between the pump source and the disc laser gain medium according to a set rule, and the pump light passes through the pump light shaping system to reciprocate on the disc laser gain medium for multiple times, so that the pump light is fully absorbed by the disc laser gain medium.
Furthermore, the disc laser gain medium is laser crystal, laser ceramic or glass, and a heat sink is arranged on one side of the back surface of the disc laser gain medium.
Further, the Kerr medium is placed at the focal point of a focusing cavity formed by the first concave reflecting mirror and the second concave reflecting mirror at the Brewster angle.
Furthermore, the concave surfaces of the first concave reflecting mirror and the second concave reflecting mirror are plated with high-reflection dielectric films which are high in reflection to laser.
Furthermore, the mode-locked laser resonant cavity is an X-type or Z-type laser resonant cavity.
Further, the diaphragm is a small hole which is arranged in front of the output end coupling mirror.
Furthermore, one surface of the output end coupling mirror facing the mode locking laser resonant cavity is plated with a dielectric film which is partially transmitted by laser.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention utilizes the disc laser gain medium as the active reflection end mirror, separates the laser gain medium and the Kerr medium of the traditional four-mirror mode-locked laser, introduces the independent Kerr medium, ensures the smaller laser mode field in the Kerr medium to generate enough self-amplitude modulation effect to realize the mode locking of the Kerr lens, and simultaneously realizes the proper large laser mode field in the disc gain medium, thereby being capable of generating the mode-locked ultrashort pulse laser output with high average power, simple structure and good system stability;
(2) the disc gain medium of the invention can be used as an active reflection end mirror to realize the high-power operation of the laser, the high-power operation can further enhance the self-amplitude modulation effect of the Kerr medium in the laser resonant cavity, which is beneficial to inhibiting the Q-switching instability of the mode-locking pulse and realizing the stable mode-locking laser output of the high-power Kerr lens.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path structure of a high power mode-locked disk laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows the size of the laser mode at different positions in the cavity of the mode-locked laser resonant cavity of a high-power mode-locked disk laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, a high power mode-locked disk laser includes a pump source 1, a pump light shaping system 2, a disk laser gain medium 3, a first concave reflector 4, a kerr medium 5, a second concave reflector 6, a diaphragm 7 and an output end coupling mirror 8; the disc laser gain medium 3, the first concave reflector 4, the second concave reflector 6 and the output end coupling mirror 8 form a mode-locked laser resonant cavity, and the Kerr medium 5 and the diaphragm 7 are arranged in the mode-locked laser resonant cavity; the Kerr medium 5 is positioned between the first concave reflecting mirror 4 and the second concave reflecting mirror 6, and the first concave reflecting mirror 4 and the second concave reflecting mirror 6 form a focusing cavity structure; the pump light emitted by the pump source 1 passes through the pump light shaping system 2 and repeatedly goes back and forth on the disc laser gain medium 3, so that the pump light is fully absorbed by the disc laser gain medium 3; the laser generated by the disc laser gain medium 3 sequentially passes through the first concave reflector 4, the kerr medium 5, the second concave reflector 6, the diaphragm 7 and the output end coupling mirror 8 to realize laser output.
In this embodiment, the pumping source is an LD semiconductor laser with a working wavelength of 976 nm, and is used to pump the disc laser gain medium 3 to generate laser; the pump light shaping system 2 comprises a plurality of collimating lenses and reflecting mirrors, the collimating lenses and the reflecting mirrors are arranged in a light path between the pump source 1 and the disc laser gain medium 3 according to a set rule, and the collimating lenses and the reflecting mirrors are mainly used for collimating the pump light and enabling the pump light to enter the disc laser gain medium repeatedly in a reciprocating manner so as to increase the reciprocating times of the pump light in the disc laser gain medium and enable the pump light to be fully absorbed; the disc laser gain medium 3 is made of laser crystal, laser ceramic or glass, in this embodiment, a Yb: YAG laser crystal is used, a heat sink for cooling is arranged on the back side of the laser gain medium, and a medium film highly reflecting the pump light and the laser is plated on one surface of the disc laser gain medium 3 close to the heat sink. The disc laser gain medium 3, the first concave reflector 4, the second concave reflector 6 and the output end coupling mirror 8 form a mode-locked laser resonant cavity (an X-cavity or a Z-cavity); the curvatures of the first concave reflector 4 and the second concave reflector 6 are both-100 mm, and the reflecting surfaces (the surfaces facing the cavity of the mode-locked laser resonant cavity) of the first concave reflector and the second concave reflector are both plated with high-reflection films for high-reflection of laser. The Kerr medium 5 is arranged at the focus of a focusing cavity structure consisting of the first concave reflector 4 and the second concave reflector 6 and is arranged at the Brewster angle to introduce a self-amplitude modulation effect; the diaphragm 7 is a small hole, is arranged at one side close to the output end coupling mirror 8 in the mode locking laser resonant cavity, and is used for adjusting the size of a laser mode (transverse mode), and realizes modulation of laser pulse by combining the self-amplitude modulation effect of a Kerr medium, thereby realizing stable mode locking ultrashort pulse output. One surface of the output end coupling mirror 8 facing the mode locking laser resonant cavity is plated with a dielectric film through which laser partially penetrates so as to realize laser oscillation and laser output.
The simulation result calculated according to the sizes of laser modes at different positions in the laser resonant cavity by the ABCD transmission matrix is shown in FIG. 2, wherein the abscissa represents different positions in the laser resonant cavity, and the ordinate represents the radiuses of the laser modes of the meridian plane and the sagittal plane at corresponding positions. The disc laser gain medium 3 is positioned at the zero position of the abscissa in the figure, the radius of a corresponding laser mode is about 1.0 mm, and the highest output power of the laser is positively correlated with the size of the laser mode, so that compared with the laser mode radius which is usually smaller than one hundred microns in the gain medium in the traditional four-mirror mode-locked resonant cavity structure, the millimeter-scale laser mode in the gain medium in the brand-new disc mode-locked laser structure can support laser with higher average power, and thus the 10-100W-scale high average power output is realized; the Kerr medium 5 is located between the concave mirror pair formed by the first concave reflecting mirror 4 and the second concave reflecting mirror 6 (the horizontal coordinate position is about 250 mm), the radius of a laser mode in the corresponding medium is about 60 mu m, the small laser mode can greatly improve the power density of laser focusing in the Kerr medium, the Kerr nonlinear modulation effect is enhanced, and therefore Kerr lens mode-locked pulse output is achieved.
The embodiment utilizes the disc laser gain medium as the active reflection end mirror to replace an end face reflector in the traditional four-mirror mode-locked laser resonant cavity, simultaneously introduces an independent Kerr medium as a mode-locking element in the laser, separates the gain medium from the Kerr medium in the traditional four-mirror mode-locked laser, and the brand new design can ensure that a smaller laser mode field in the Kerr medium is realized in the X-type or Z-type four-mirror mode-locked resonant cavity to generate enough self-amplitude modulation effect to realize the Kerr lens mode locking, and simultaneously realizes that a proper large laser mode field in the disc gain medium generates high-average-power ultrashort pulse laser, the whole structure of the laser is simple, the stability is high, the disc gain medium of the embodiment can realize the high-power operation of the laser as the active reflection end mirror, and the self-amplitude modulation effect of the Kerr medium in the laser resonant cavity can be further enhanced in the high-power operation, the method is beneficial to inhibiting the Q-switching instability of mode-locking pulses and realizing stable mode-locking laser output of the high-power Kerr lens.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-power mode-locked disc laser is characterized by comprising a pumping source, a pumping light shaping system, a disc laser gain medium, a first concave reflector, a Kerr medium, a second concave reflector, a diaphragm and an output end coupling mirror; the disc laser gain medium, the first concave reflector, the second concave reflector and the output end coupling mirror form a mode locking laser resonant cavity, and the Kerr medium and the diaphragm are arranged in the mode locking laser resonant cavity; the Kerr medium is positioned between the first concave reflecting mirror and the second concave reflecting mirror, and the first concave reflecting mirror and the second concave reflecting mirror form a focusing cavity structure; the laser generated by the disc laser gain medium sequentially passes through the first concave reflector, the Kerr medium, the second concave reflector, the diaphragm and the output end coupling mirror to realize laser output.
2. The high power mode locked disk laser of claim 1, wherein the pump source is a semiconductor laser.
3. The high power mode-locked disc laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pump light shaping system comprises a plurality of collimating lenses and reflectors, the collimating lenses and reflectors are disposed in the optical path between the pump source and the disc laser gain medium according to a predetermined rule, and the pump light passes through the pump light shaping system and makes multiple round trips on the disc laser gain medium, so as to be fully absorbed by the disc laser gain medium.
4. The high power mode-locked disk laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disk laser gain medium is a laser crystal, laser ceramic or glass, and a heat sink is provided on the back side of the disk laser gain medium.
5. The high power mode locked disk laser of claim 1, wherein said kerr medium is placed at the focal point of the focal cavity formed by said first and second concave mirrors at the brewster angle.
6. The high power mode-locked disk laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concave surfaces of the first and second concave mirrors are coated with a highly reflective dielectric film that is highly reflective to laser light.
7. The high power mode-locked disk laser of claim 1, wherein the mode-locked laser cavity is an X or Z-type laser cavity.
8. The high power mode locked disk laser of claim 1, wherein said stop is an aperture disposed in front of said output coupler.
9. The high power mode-locked disk laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of said output coupling mirror facing said mode-locked laser cavity is coated with a dielectric film that is partially transmissive to laser light.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114204397A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-18 | 华中科技大学 | A GHz-scale ultra-high repetition rate high-power femtosecond disk laser |
| CN114865441A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-08-05 | 华中科技大学 | High repetition frequency disc laser of SESAM mode locking |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114204397A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-18 | 华中科技大学 | A GHz-scale ultra-high repetition rate high-power femtosecond disk laser |
| CN114204397B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2024-02-02 | 华中科技大学 | GHz-magnitude ultra-high repetition frequency high-power femtosecond disc laser |
| CN114865441A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-08-05 | 华中科技大学 | High repetition frequency disc laser of SESAM mode locking |
| CN114865441B (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2025-04-04 | 华中科技大学 | A SESAM-mode-locked high-repetition-rate disk laser |
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