Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide an orthogonal polarization dual-wavelength laser with an adjustable duty ratio, so as to realize the output of any duty ratio of two wavelength powers in the dual-wavelength laser.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an adjustable duty cycle orthogonal polarization dual wavelength laser, comprising:
the device comprises a laser crystal, a pumping system, a polarization device, an optical resonant cavity and an adjusting device;
The pumping system is used for pumping the laser crystal so as to enable active ions in the laser crystal to form a particle number inversion distribution;
the optical resonant cavity comprises a first resonant cavity and a second resonant cavity, the first resonant cavity is composed of a cavity mirror and a first output mirror, and the second resonant cavity is composed of the cavity mirror and a second output mirror; the cavity mirror totally reflects laser light with a first wavelength and laser light with a second wavelength; the first output mirror partially reflects laser light of a first wavelength, and the second output mirror partially reflects laser light of a second wavelength;
The polarization device is inserted between the laser crystal in the first resonant cavity and the first output mirror, and transmits laser light with a first wavelength of horizontal polarization and reflects laser light with a second wavelength of vertical polarization; the laser with the first wavelength of horizontal polarization oscillates in the first resonant cavity, and the laser with the second wavelength of vertical polarization oscillates in the second resonant cavity;
The adjusting device is used for adjusting the angle of the first output mirror so as to adjust the parallelism of the first resonant cavity; or adjusting the angle of the second output mirror to adjust the parallelism of the second resonant cavity.
In one possible implementation manner, in the above-mentioned tunable-duty-ratio orthogonal polarization dual-wavelength laser according to an embodiment of the present application, the method further includes: a first mirror disposed between the polarizing device and the second output mirror;
The first reflecting mirror is used for adjusting the reflecting direction of the laser light with the second wavelength which is vertically polarized so that the output direction of the laser light with the first wavelength which is horizontally polarized is the same as the output direction of the laser light with the second wavelength which is vertically polarized.
In one possible implementation manner, in the above-mentioned tunable-duty-ratio orthogonal polarization dual-wavelength laser according to an embodiment of the present application, the method further includes: a second reflecting mirror arranged on the light-emitting side of the first output mirror and a synthesizing mirror arranged on the light-emitting side of the second output mirror;
The second reflecting mirror is used for adjusting the light emitting direction of the horizontally polarized laser with the first wavelength to the synthesizing mirror;
The synthesis mirror is used for synthesizing the laser of the first wavelength with horizontal polarization and the laser of the second wavelength with vertical polarization into one path of output.
In one possible implementation manner, in the above-mentioned tunable-duty-ratio orthogonal polarization dual-wavelength laser according to an embodiment of the present application, the method further includes: and the Q-switching device is inserted into the optical resonant cavity to modulate the laser of the first wavelength with horizontal polarization and/or the laser of the second wavelength with vertical polarization to obtain corresponding pulse laser.
In one possible implementation manner, in the above-mentioned tunable-duty-ratio orthogonal polarization dual-wavelength laser according to an embodiment of the present application, the method further includes: and the nonlinear crystal is placed on an optical path in or outside the optical resonant cavity so as to perform nonlinear frequency conversion on the horizontally polarized laser with the first wavelength and/or the vertically polarized laser with the second wavelength to obtain the laser with the corresponding frequency.
In one possible implementation manner, in the above-mentioned dual-wavelength laser with adjustable duty ratio according to the embodiment of the present application, the pumping system includes a pumping source and a coupling component, and the pumping light emitted by the pumping source is injected into the laser crystal through the coupling component by an end-pumping or side-pumping manner.
In one possible implementation manner, in the above-mentioned dual-wavelength laser with adjustable duty ratio according to the embodiment of the present application, the laser crystal is a neodymium-doped laser crystal, an erbium-doped laser crystal, a holmium-doped laser crystal or a thulium-doped laser crystal.
In one possible implementation manner, in the above-mentioned dual-wavelength laser with adjustable duty ratio according to the embodiment of the present application, two end faces of the laser crystal are coated with anti-reflection films of the first wavelength and the second wavelength.
In one possible implementation manner, in the above-mentioned dual-wavelength laser with adjustable duty ratio according to the embodiment of the present application, the polarizing device is a polarizing beam splitter prism, a polarizing plate, or a lens placed at brewster angle.
In one possible implementation manner, in the above-mentioned dual-wavelength laser with adjustable duty ratio according to the embodiment of the present application, the maximum output power of the laser light with the first wavelength polarized horizontally and the laser light with the second wavelength polarized vertically is the same.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:
The present disclosure provides an adjustable duty cycle dual wavelength laser of orthogonal polarization, comprising: the device comprises a laser crystal, a pumping system, a polarization device, an optical resonant cavity and an adjusting device; the optical resonant cavity comprises a first resonant cavity and a second resonant cavity, the first resonant cavity is composed of a cavity mirror and a first output mirror, and the second resonant cavity is composed of the cavity mirror and a second output mirror; the polarization device is inserted between the laser crystal in the first resonant cavity and the first output mirror, and transmits laser light with a first wavelength of horizontal polarization and reflects laser light with a second wavelength of vertical polarization; the adjusting device is used for adjusting the angle of the first output mirror so as to adjust the parallelism of the first resonant cavity; or the angle of the second output mirror is adjusted so as to adjust the parallelism of the second resonant cavity, and compared with the prior art, the dual-wavelength laser has the advantages that the output of the arbitrary duty ratio of the two wavelength powers in the dual-wavelength laser is realized, and the adjustment precision is high.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only exemplary and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
Various structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated for clarity of presentation and may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions, layers and relative sizes, positional relationships between them shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, may in practice deviate due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and one skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions as actually required.
In the context of the present disclosure, when a layer/element is referred to as being "on" another layer/element, it can be directly on the other layer/element or intervening layers/elements may be present therebetween. In addition, if one layer/element is located "on" another layer/element in one orientation, that layer/element may be located "under" the other layer/element when the orientation is turned.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an orthogonal polarization dual wavelength laser with an adjustable duty cycle, which is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an adjustable duty cycle dual wavelength laser of the orthogonal polarization provided by the present disclosure; as shown in fig. 1, the dual wavelength laser provided by the present disclosure includes: laser crystal 100, pumping system 200, polarizer device 300, optical resonator, and tuning device (not shown);
The pumping system 200 is used for pumping the laser crystal so that active ions in the laser crystal form a population inversion distribution;
Specifically, the pumping system includes a pumping source and a coupling assembly, where the pumping light emitted by the pumping source is injected into the laser crystal 100 through the coupling assembly in an end-pumping or side-pumping manner, so as to provide input energy for the laser.
In the solid laser, mainly semiconductor lasers packaged in various forms such as single tubes, bars, stacked arrays, side pump modules and the like are used as pumping sources to work continuously or in pulses, and the solid laser also comprises xenon lamps, krypton lamps and other types of pumping sources. The pumping system shown in fig. 1 is of side pumping type.
Specifically, the active ions doped in the laser crystal substrate material absorb the pump light to generate laser transition, and the transitions between different energy levels generate laser with different wavelengths, so the laser crystal 100 can be a Nd-doped laser crystal such as Nd: YAG, nd: YVO 4、Nd:YLF、Nd:GdVO4, an Er-doped laser crystal such as Er: YAG, er: YLF, er: YAlO 3, a holmium-doped laser crystal or a thulium-doped laser crystal, and the like.
Specifically, the two end surfaces of the laser crystal 100 are coated with the antireflection films of the first wavelength and the second wavelength, so as to reduce loss and preferentially start vibration.
The optical resonant cavity comprises a first resonant cavity and a second resonant cavity, the first resonant cavity is composed of a cavity mirror 400 and a first output mirror 410, and the second resonant cavity is composed of the cavity mirror 400 and a second output mirror 420; the cavity mirror 400 totally reflects the laser light of the first wavelength and the second wavelength; the first output mirror 410 is partially reflective to the laser light at the first wavelength, and the second output mirror 420 is partially reflective to the laser light at the second wavelength;
Specifically, the cavity mirror 400 can totally reflect two wavelengths at the same time, and a total reflection film can be plated on the end face of the laser crystal 100 as the cavity mirror 400.
A polarization device 300 is interposed between the laser crystal 100 and the first output mirror 410 in the first resonator, and transmits laser light of a first wavelength (laser light 1 in the figure) having horizontal polarization and reflects laser light of a second wavelength (laser light 2 in the figure) having vertical polarization;
specifically, the polarizing device 300 may be a polarizing prism, a polarizing plate, or a lens placed at brewster's angle, or may be other devices capable of generating polarization.
The horizontally polarized laser light of a first wavelength (laser light 1) oscillates within the first resonant cavity and the vertically polarized laser light of a second wavelength (laser light 2) oscillates within the second resonant cavity. The present disclosure utilizes the polarization characteristics of a polarization device to output laser light 1 polarized in parallel and laser light 2 polarized in perpendicular simultaneously.
The adjusting device is configured to adjust an angle of the first output mirror 410 to adjust parallelism of the first resonant cavity; or the angle of the second output mirror 420 is adjusted to adjust the parallelism of the second resonant cavity.
In one possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned dual-wavelength laser with adjustable duty ratio provided by the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 2, may further include: the number of the first mirrors 510 may be plural, and the first mirrors 510 are disposed between the polarization device 300 and the second output mirror 420. The pumping system shown in fig. 2 is of the end-face pumping type.
The first mirror 510 is configured to adjust a reflection direction of the vertically polarized laser light of the second wavelength so that an output direction of the horizontally polarized laser light of the first wavelength is the same as an output direction of the vertically polarized laser light of the second wavelength.
The lenses such as the cavity mirror 400, the first output mirror 410, the second output mirror 420, and the first reflecting mirror 510 may be plane mirrors or curvature mirrors as required.
The laser of the present disclosure may select the first output mirror 410 and the second output mirror 420 of appropriate reflectivity to achieve maximum power outputs of laser 1 and laser 2, respectively. In addition to laser 1 and laser 2, fluorescence generated by the laser crystal 300 at other energy level transitions cannot generate an oscillation output due to the large loss of the resonant cavity.
The laser of the present disclosure may adjust the cavity parallelism of the first resonant cavity or the second resonant cavity by independently adjusting the angles of the first output mirror 410 and the second output mirror 420, respectively, so as to adjust the output power of the laser 1 or the laser 2, and correspondingly, the output power of the other laser is inversely changed, so as to adjust the output power ratio of the laser 1 and the laser 2.
Taking the example of adjusting the angle of the first output mirror 410, the first resonant cavity of the laser 1 is partially detuned, the resonant cavity loss becomes large, the photon number of the laser 1 is reduced, and the output power is reduced. Under the same pumping conditions, the inverted population of the energy level on the laser crystal 300 remains unchanged, the population of the laser light 1 emitted from the upper energy level to the energy level 1 decreases, and accordingly, the population of the laser light 2 emitted from the transition to the energy level 2 increases, and the output power of the laser light 2 increases. When the first resonant cavity of the laser 1 is completely detuned, the output power of the laser 1 is close to 0, and the output power of the laser 2 reaches the maximum. Similarly, when the output power of the laser light 2 is substantially 0, the output power of the laser light 1 reaches the maximum at this time. Therefore, the alignment degree of one resonant cavity is independently adjusted, the optimal position of the other resonant cavity is kept unchanged, and the technical effect that the two wavelength duty ratios are arbitrarily adjustable can be obtained.
In one possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned dual-wavelength laser with adjustable duty ratio provided by the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 3, may further include: a second reflecting mirror 520 disposed on the light emitting side of the first output mirror 410 and a combining mirror 530 disposed on the light emitting side of the second output mirror 420;
the second mirror 520 is configured to adjust the light emitting direction of the horizontally polarized laser light with the first wavelength to the combiner 530;
The combining mirror 530 is configured to combine the laser light of the first wavelength with the horizontal polarization and the laser light of the second wavelength with the vertical polarization into one output.
In practical applications, it may be necessary to combine the laser 1 and the laser 2 into one output, as shown in fig. 3, where the second mirror 520 is a mirror for the laser 1, and the combining mirror 530 is a mirror for combining the laser 1 and the laser 2, reflects the laser 1, transmits the laser 2, and may combine the laser 1 and the laser 2 into one output.
In one possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned dual-wavelength laser with adjustable duty ratio provided in the present disclosure may further include: and the Q-switching device is inserted into the optical resonant cavity to modulate the laser of the first wavelength with horizontal polarization and/or the laser of the second wavelength with vertical polarization to obtain corresponding pulse laser.
Specifically, the present disclosure may insert a Q-switched device into an optical resonant cavity, and modulate laser 1 and laser 2 simultaneously or individually, to obtain a dual-wavelength pulse laser with an adjustable power duty ratio.
In one possible implementation manner, the above-mentioned dual-wavelength laser with adjustable duty ratio provided in the present disclosure may further include: and the nonlinear crystal is placed on an optical path in or outside the optical resonant cavity so as to perform nonlinear frequency conversion on the horizontally polarized laser with the first wavelength and/or the vertically polarized laser with the second wavelength to obtain the laser with the corresponding frequency.
Specifically, a frequency doubling crystal or other nonlinear crystals are inserted into or out of the cavity of the optical resonant cavity, and nonlinear frequency conversion is performed on the laser 1 and the laser 2 synchronously or independently, so that three, four or even more laser wavelength outputs can be obtained.
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present disclosure, a detailed description will be given below with respect to a specific embodiment.
Taking fig. 1 as an example, a semiconductor laser module 200 adopting a side pumping mode pumps a Nd: YLF laser crystal 100, and reflects and transmits 1053nm laser light and 1047nm laser light emitted by the Nd: YLF laser crystal through a polarization beam splitter prism PBS300, respectively, to form a 1053nm resonant cavity between a cavity mirror 400 and a first output mirror 410, and a 1047nm resonant cavity between the cavity mirror 400 and a second output mirror 420, thereby obtaining dual-wavelength outputs of the 1053nm laser light and the 1047nm laser light.
And respectively optimizing the optimal output transmittance of the 1053nm and 1047nm resonant cavities to ensure that the maximum power values of the two wavelengths are basically consistent. 1053nm maximum power during single-path output 25W,1047nm maximum power 22.5W. Tuning the cavity by adjusting either the first output mirror 410 or the second output mirror 420 orientation by the tuning device, the measured two wavelength power ratios are shown in table 1 below:
table 1: two wavelength power ratio
Number of cavity adjustments |
1047nm |
1053nm |
1 |
22.5W |
0.07W |
2 |
22W |
2W |
3 |
18W |
4W |
4 |
15W |
7W |
5 |
12W |
11.5W |
6 |
8W |
16.2W |
7 |
4W |
20.8W |
8 |
0.01W |
25.2W |
As can be seen from the above table, when the power of the first wavelength is reduced, the power of the second wavelength is correspondingly increased, and different power duty ratios of the first wavelength and the second wavelength can be achieved by adjusting the first output mirror 410 or the second output mirror 420 to different positions.
In one possible implementation, the adjusting device may be set to 8-stage adjustment corresponding to table 1, so as to implement accurate adjustment of the power ratio of two wavelengths, or may be set to stepless adjustment, or the like, which is not limited in this disclosure.
However, since the maximum output powers of the two lasers are not uniform, the total power output varies with different laser duty ratios. In one possible implementation, the output ratio of the first output mirror 410 and the second output mirror 420 may be optimized to obtain the same maximum output power for both wavelengths, at which time the duty cycle may be arbitrarily adjusted and the total output power will not change.
Thus, in one possible implementation manner, in the above-mentioned dual-wavelength laser with adjustable duty ratio, the maximum output power of the laser light with the first wavelength and the laser light with the second wavelength, which are polarized horizontally, is the same.
The dual-wavelength laser provided by the disclosure adopts the design of a dual-wavelength mixing cavity under the conventional end pump or side pump mode of the same laser crystal, so that laser with two wavelengths of orthogonal polarization is obtained, and the output of any proportion of the power of the two wavelengths can be realized by adjusting the parallelism of the resonant cavity of any laser. The two lasers have good coherence and orthogonal polarization directions, and the wavelength difference can reach hundreds of pm to hundreds of nm.
In the laser fine processing, the laser can meet the multiple proportion requirements of dual wavelengths to be used for processing samples with different materials and thicknesses, and even different processing procedures; in clinical medical applications such as tumor excision, telangiectasia treatment, ophthalmic treatment, periodontal treatment and the like, the laser can adjust the intensity and the proportion of two wavelengths according to factors such as the depth, the size, the intensity and the like of a treatment part of a patient each time; in the differential absorption atmosphere detection laser radar, according to different loss of different wavelengths in the atmosphere, the proportion of the two wavelengths is adjusted, and a receiving system of return light is optimized so as to improve the accuracy of gas detection; in optical fiber communication, the duty ratio of two wavelengths is adjusted to compensate the long-distance transmission loss, so that the high-signal quality transmission without mutual interference is realized; the duty ratio of the two wavelengths is optimized to obtain terahertz waves, raman lasers and nonlinear lasers with higher efficiency, and the imaging, detection, diagnosis, communication and other researches are carried out.
To form the same structure, the person skilled in the art can also devise methods which are not exactly the same as those described above. In addition, although the embodiments are described above separately, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination.
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described above. These examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. Various alternatives and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the disclosure, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the disclosure.