CN112474415B - Fruit sorting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

An automatic fruit sorting machine belongs to the technical field of sorting equipment, and includes a first transmission device, a second transmission device and a third transmission device. The device has a novel structure and a clear working principle. Use the first conveying device to complete the first screening of fruits, and determine whether one side of the fruit is damaged or black; use the second conveying device to complete the second screening of fruits, and determine whether the other side of the fruit is damaged; use the third conveying device to complete the screening of fruits and categories. The invention solves the problems of high labor intensity and inaccurate grading of manually grading fruit particles, improves the grading efficiency, realizes grading of different kinds of fruits and screening of bad fruits, reduces grading costs, and expands application occasions.

Description

a fruit sorting machine

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent sorting equipment, and relates to a fruit sorting machine, in particular to an intelligent and economical fruit size sorting machine.

Background technique

my country is a big country of fruit consumption, and the daily consumption of fruits is huge. Grading and selecting the picked fruits has become a necessary part of fruit sales. At present, mechanized fruit grading equipment is not practical in a large area, and the grading and selection of many fruit granules is still Manual selection is labor-intensive. At the same time, manual selection of fruit pieces can only rely on the experience of the workers. The selected fruit pieces cannot be guaranteed to be exactly the same to a certain extent. At present, manipulators are widely used for mechanized grading of fruit pieces, which is easy to clean the surface of the fruit pieces. Will cause some damage.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to propose a fruit sorting machine aimed at the deficiencies in the existing fruit sorting technology, which can solve the problems of high labor intensity and inaccurate classification of manually grading fruit grains, improve the grading efficiency, and realize different Classification of various fruits and screening of bad fruits can reduce the cost of classification and expand its application occasions.

The technical solution of the present invention: a fruit sorting machine, characterized in that: the fruit sorting machine is composed of a first conveying device, a second conveying device and a third conveying device;

The first conveying device is composed of a fruit inlet, a first bracket, a first belt conveying mechanism, a first conveying belt, a first fruit-holding mechanism, a first control panel, a first spectral gate, and a second spectral gate; The first conveyor belt is connected and arranged on the first bracket, and the first conveyor belt is rotated by the first belt transmission mechanism, and the first fruit-carrying mechanism is installed on the first conveyor belt, and the first conveyor belt Through the first spectrum gate and the second spectrum gate on the first bracket, the first control panel is connected by wires and set on the first bracket, the first belt transmission mechanism is driven by a motor, and the On the first bracket, the fruit inlet is arranged on one side of the first conveyor belt;

The second conveying device is made up of a second support, a second belt conveying mechanism, a second conveying belt, a second fruit-holding mechanism, a second control panel, a third spectrum door, a computer, and a bad fruit collecting rack; the second belt The transmission mechanism is arranged on the second bracket, the second conveyor belt is connected with the second belt transmission mechanism, the second fruit-holding mechanism is arranged on the second conveyor belt, and the second conveyor belt passes through the first conveyor belt. The third spectral door on the second bracket, the second control panel is connected by wires and set on the second bracket, the second belt transmission mechanism is driven by a motor and installed on the second bracket, the The computer is arranged on one side of the second support, and the bad fruit collection rack is arranged at the corner of the second support;

The third conveying device is composed of a third support, a third belt conveying mechanism, a third conveying belt, a third fruit holding mechanism, a third control panel, and a good fruit collecting rack; the third conveying mechanism is arranged on the first On the three brackets, the third conveyor belt is connected to the third belt transmission mechanism, the third fruit carrier is arranged on the third conveyor belt, and the third control panel is connected by wires and arranged on the third bracket Above, the good fruit collecting rack is arranged on one side of the third bracket.

The first spectral gate, the second spectral gate, and the third spectral gate are all composed of a light box, a power supply, a light source, a fiber optic spectrometer, a blackout curtain, and a photoelectric switch. The power supply, light source, and fiber optic spectrometer are all installed in the light box Inside, the fiber optic spectrometer data is detected and transmitted to the computer for analysis. The blackout curtains are installed on both sides of the light box to prevent external light sources from affecting the detection. The photoelectric switch is installed on the outer surface of the light box.

The inside of the first fruit-holding mechanism, the second fruit-holding mechanism, and the third fruit-holding mechanism are all equipped with a micro-weighing part and an overturning part, and the first fruit-holding mechanism, the second fruit-holding mechanism, and the third fruit-holding mechanism are all equipped outside. There is a fruit plate, the micro-weighing part dynamically weighs the load on the fruit plate and transmits the data to the computer, and the turning part realizes the turning of the fruit plate from -90° to 90°.

The first conveyor belt is connected with the first belt conveying mechanism, and the first fruit-holding mechanism is arranged on the first conveyor belt, so that the fruit-holding mechanism moves from right to left at a constant speed, and the fruit grains move from right to left on the first fruit-holding mechanism. Move to the left, the optical fiber spectrometer collects the spectral information data of the fruit surface and compares it with the established data model to determine whether the skin of the fruit is worn and whether the interior is black core. When the first fruit supporting mechanism reaches the designated position, the internal turning part completes the turning action Inversion is performed to transfer the fruit to the second conveyor.

The second conveyor belt is connected with the second belt transmission mechanism, and the second fruit-holding mechanism is installed on the second conveyor belt, so that the second fruit-holding mechanism moves at a constant speed from right to left, and the fruit grains move from right to left on the second fruit-holding mechanism. Move to the left, the optical fiber spectrometer collects the spectral information data of the fruit surface and compares it with the built data model to find out whether the skin of the fruit is worn or not. When the second fruit supporting mechanism reaches the position of the bad fruit collection rack, the internal turning part completes the turning action Turn over to complete the recovery of black-core fruit. When the second fruit-holding mechanism reaches the designated position, the inner turning part completes the turning action to turn over and transfer the fruit to the third conveying device.

The third conveyor belt is connected with the third belt transmission mechanism, and the third fruit-holding mechanism is installed on the third conveyor belt, so that the third fruit-holding mechanism moves at a constant speed from right to left, and the fruit grains move from right to left on the third fruit-holding mechanism belt. Move from right to left, when the third fruit-supporting mechanism reaches the position of the good fruit collection rack, the internal turning part receives the electric signal sent by the computer, and turns the fruits of different weights and the residual fruits with damaged skin one by one in the designated area, and the The fruits are put into the good fruit collection racks respectively to complete the fruit classification. .

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a kind of fruit sorting machine proposed by the present invention, the sorting machine is composed of the first transmission device, the second transmission device and the third transmission device as a whole; the first transmission device, the second transmission device, the The three conveying devices move at a constant speed, through the detection of the first photoelectric gate, the second photogate and the third photogate through the fiber optic spectrometer to meet the grading and screening of different kinds of fruits. The fruit particles move from right to left on the main conveyor belt and pass through the first spectrum. After the gate, the second spectrum gate, and the third spectrum gate, the bad fruit, residual fruit and good fruit of different sizes are screened out by comparing with the data model. Large and small fruit particles are pushed into the bad fruit collection device and the good fruit collection device to achieve the purpose of separating different sizes and different good and bad fruit particles. The invention solves the problems of high labor intensity and inaccurate grading of manually grading fruit particles, improves the grading efficiency, realizes grading of different kinds of fruits, reduces grading costs, and expands application occasions.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the first conveying device in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the second conveying device in the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the third conveying device in the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the fruit-holding mechanism in the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the spectral gate structure in the present invention.

In the figure: first conveying device 100, fruit inlet 101, first support 102, first belt conveying mechanism 103, first conveying belt 104, first fruit supporting mechanism 105, first control panel 106, first spectrum gate 107 , the second spectral door 108, micro-weighing part 109, turning part 110, fruit plate 111, light box 112, power supply 113, light source 114, fiber optic spectrometer 115, shading curtain 116, photoelectric switch 117, second transmission device 200, the first Two supports 201, the second belt transmission mechanism 202, the second conveyor belt 203, the second fruit-holding mechanism 204, the second control panel 205, the third spectrum gate 206, computer 207, bad fruit collection rack 208, the third transmission device 300, The third support 301 , the third belt transmission mechanism 302 , the third conveyor belt 303 , the third fruit support mechanism 304 , the third control panel 305 , and the good fruit collection rack 306 .

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

As shown in FIG. 1 , a fruit sorting machine is composed of a first conveying device 100 , a second conveying device 200 and a third conveying device 300 .

As shown in Figure 1-2, a kind of fruit sorting machine, the first conveying device 100 is made up of fruit inlet 101, first support 102, first belt conveying mechanism 103, first conveying belt 104, the first fruit supporting mechanism 105 , a first control panel 106, a first spectral gate 107, and a second spectral gate 108; the first conveyor belt 104 is connected and arranged on the first support 102, and the first conveyor belt 104 is formed to rotate through the first belt transmission mechanism 103; A support mechanism 105 is installed on the first conveyor belt 104, and the first conveyor belt 104 passes through the first spectral gate 107 and the second spectral gate 108 on the first support 102, and the first control panel 106 is connected by wire and arranged on the first On the support 102 , the first belt transmission mechanism 103 is driven by a motor and is arranged on the first support 102 , and the fruit inlet 101 is arranged on one side of the first conveyor belt 104 .

As shown in Figure 3, a kind of fruit sorting machine, the second conveying device 200 is made up of the second bracket 201, the second belt conveying mechanism 202, the second conveying belt 203, the second fruit supporting mechanism 204, the second control panel 205, the second Three-spectrum door 206, computer 207, bad fruit collecting frame 208 are formed; The second belt transmission mechanism 202 is arranged on the second support 201, and the second conveyor belt 203 is connected with the second belt transmission mechanism 202, and the second supporting fruit mechanism 204 is arranged on On the second conveyor belt 203, the second conveyor belt 203 passes through the third spectral gate 206 on the second support 102, the second control panel 205 is connected by wires and is arranged on the second support 201, and the second belt transmission mechanism 202 is driven by a motor , is installed on the second support 201, computer 207 is arranged on the second support 201 side, bad fruit collection frame 208 is arranged on the corner of the second support 201.

As shown in Figure 4, a kind of fruit sorting machine, the 3rd conveying device 300 is made up of the 3rd support 301, the 3rd belt conveying mechanism 302, the 3rd conveying belt 303, the 3rd supporting mechanism 304, the 3rd control panel 305, good Fruit collecting frame 306 is formed; the 3rd belt conveying mechanism 302 is arranged on the 3rd support 301, and the 3rd conveyor belt 303 is connected with the 3rd belt conveying mechanism 302, and the 3rd supporting fruit frame 304 is arranged on the 3rd conveying belt 303, and the 3rd control The panels 305 are connected by wires and arranged on the third support 301 , and the good fruit collecting frame 306 is arranged on one side of the third support 301 .

As shown in Figure 5, a kind of fruit sorting machine, the first supporting mechanism 105, the second supporting mechanism 204, the third supporting mechanism 304 are all equipped with a micro-weighing part 109 and an overturning part 110, the first supporting mechanism The fruit mechanism 105, the second fruit mechanism 204, and the third fruit mechanism 304 are equipped with a fruit tray 111 outside, and the micro-weighing section 109 dynamically weighs the load on the fruit tray and transmits the data to the computer 207, and the turning section 110 Realize the turning of the fruit plate from -90° to 90°.

As shown in Figure 6, a kind of fruit sorting machine, the first spectrum gate 107, the second spectrum gate 108, the 3rd spectrum gate 206 are all made of light box 112, power supply 113, light source 114, fiber optic spectrometer 115, blackout curtain 116 , photoelectric switch 117, power supply 113, lamp light source 114, and fiber optic spectrometer 115 are all installed inside the light box 112, and the data of the fiber optic spectrometer 115 is detected and then transmitted to the computer 207 for analysis. To prevent external light sources from affecting the detection, a photoelectric switch is installed on the outer surface of the light box 112 .

As shown in Figures 1-6, the working principle of a fruit sorting machine is as follows: the first conveying device, the second conveying device, and the third conveying device are placed side by side, the first conveying device 100, and the fruit is fed from the fruit inlet 101 Input to the first fruit-supporting mechanism 105, the first belt conveyor 103 drives the first conveyor belt 104 to drive from right to left, after passing through the first spectral gate 107, the optical fiber spectrometer 115 measures the spectral information of the collected fruit surface, and then averages it As the representative information of the spectrum of various typical samples, preprocessing is performed to obtain the spectral data of the calibration set sample, and then the information data in the calibration set sample spectrum is subjected to principal component analysis to extract the characteristic information data, and then the model is built and the prediction result is completed. Display, screen out the black core bad fruit and send the data back to the computer for data analysis, then pass through the second spectral gate 108, by establishing a data model different from the first spectral gate, and combine the spectral information collected by the fiber optic spectrometer with the new Comparing the data model, screening out the residual fruit with damaged skin, and sending the data back to the computer 207 for data analysis, and then the turning mechanism 110 in the first fruit supporting mechanism 105 performs the turning action to turn the fruit grains over and enter the next conveyor belt The second conveying device 200, after the fruit grain is turned over by the first conveying device 100 to the second conveying device 200, the fruit grain is driven from right to left by the second conveying belt 203 on the second fruit supporting mechanism 204, and the fruit contained Through the third spectral gate 206, the third spectral gate 206 adopts the same data model as the second spectral gate 108, compares the spectral information collected by the fiber optic spectrometer with the new data model, and screens out residual fruits with damaged skin on the other side, The data is sent back to the computer, and then the second fruit-holding mechanism 204 filled with the detected black-cored fruit grains arrives at the designated area to perform an overturning action, and the bad fruit is turned into the bad fruit collection rack 208 to realize the bad fruit recovery, and then the bad fruit is reclaimed. The overturning mechanism in the second fruit-holding mechanism performs an overturning action, and the fruit grains enter the third conveying device 300; Driven by the third conveyor belt 303, it moves from right to left. The third fruit-holding mechanism 304 containing fruits of different weights and residual fruits with damaged skins is turned over one by one in the designated area to complete fruit classification.

Claims (2)

1. A fruit sorting machine which is characterized in that: the fruit sorting machine consists of a first conveying device (100), a second conveying device (200) and a third conveying device (300);

the first conveying device (100) consists of a fruit feeding port (101), a first support (102), a first belt conveying mechanism (103), a first conveying belt (104), a first fruit supporting mechanism (105), a first control panel (106), a first spectrum door (107) and a second spectrum door (108); the first conveyor belt (104) is connected to the first support (102), the first conveyor belt (104) rotates through the first belt conveying mechanism (103), the first fruit supporting mechanism (105) is installed on the first conveyor belt (104), the first conveyor belt (104) penetrates through a first spectrum gate (107) and a second spectrum gate (108) on the first support (102), the first control panel (106) is connected through a conducting wire and arranged on the first support (102), the first belt conveying mechanism (103) is driven by a motor and arranged on the first support (102), and the fruit feeding port (101) is arranged on one side of the first conveyor belt (104);

the second conveying device (200) consists of a second bracket (201), a second belt conveying mechanism (202), a second conveying belt (203), a second fruit supporting mechanism (204), a second control panel (205), a third spectrum door (206), a computer (207) and a bad fruit collecting rack (208); the second belt conveying mechanism (202) is arranged on the second support (201), the second conveying belt (203) is connected with the second belt conveying mechanism (202), the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) is arranged on the second conveying belt (203), the second conveying belt (203) penetrates through a third spectrum door (206) on the second support (201), the second control panel (205) is connected through a wire and arranged on the second support (201), the second belt conveying mechanism (202) is driven by a motor and installed on the second support (201), the computer (207) is arranged on one side of the second support (201), and the bad fruit collecting rack (208) is arranged at the corner of the second support (201);

the third conveying device (300) consists of a third support (301), a third belt conveying mechanism (302), a third conveying belt (303), a third fruit supporting mechanism (304), a third control panel (305) and a good fruit collecting frame (306); the third belt conveying mechanism (302) is arranged on the third support (301), the third conveying belt (303) is connected with the third belt conveying mechanism (302), the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) is arranged on the third conveying belt (303), the third control panel (305) is connected by a conducting wire and arranged on the third support (301), and the good fruit collecting rack (306) is arranged on one side of the third support (301);

the interior of each of the first fruit supporting mechanism (105), the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) and the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) is provided with a micro-weighing part (109) and a turning part (110), the exterior of each of the first fruit supporting mechanism (105), the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) and the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) is provided with a fruit tray (111), the micro-weighing part (109) dynamically weighs the objects on the fruit tray and transmits the data to a computer (207), and the turning part (110) turns the fruit tray at an angle of-90 degrees to 90 degrees;

the first conveyor belt (104) is connected with the first belt conveying mechanism (103), the first fruit supporting mechanism (105) is arranged on the first conveyor belt (104) and moves at a constant speed from right to left, fruit grains move from right to left on the first fruit supporting mechanism (105), the optical fiber spectrometer (115) collects spectral information data of the surfaces of the fruits, processes the spectral information data and compares the spectral information data with a built data model to obtain whether the skins of the fruit grains are worn and whether the interiors of the fruit grains are black or not, and when the first fruit supporting mechanism (105) reaches a specified position, the internal overturning part (110) completes overturning action to overturn and conveys the fruits to the second conveying device (200);

the second conveying belt (203) is connected with the second conveying belt (202), the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) is installed on the second conveying belt (203), the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) moves from right to left at a constant speed, fruit grains move from right to left on the second fruit supporting mechanism (204), the optical fiber spectrometer (115) collects spectral information data of the surfaces of the fruits, whether the skins of the fruit grains are worn or not is obtained through comparison with a built data model, when the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) reaches the position of the bad fruit collecting frame (208), the inner overturning part (110) completes overturning actions to complete black core fruit recovery, when the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) reaches the designated position, the inner overturning part (110) completes overturning actions to overturn, and the fruits are conveyed to the third conveying device (300);

the third conveyor belt (303) is connected with the third conveyor belt mechanism (302), the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) is installed on the third conveyor belt (303), the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) moves from right to left at a constant speed, fruit grains move from right to left on the third fruit supporting mechanism (304), when the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) reaches the position of the good fruit collecting frame (306), an internal overturning part (110) receives an electric signal sent by a computer (207), fruits with different weights and residual fruits with damaged skins are overturned one by one in a specified area, the fruits are respectively placed in the good fruit collecting frame (306), and fruit classification is completed;

when the fruit turning machine is used, a first conveying device (100), a second conveying device (200) and a third conveying device (300) are placed side by side, fruits are input into a first fruit supporting mechanism (105) from a fruit feeding port (101), a first belt conveying mechanism (103) drives a first conveying belt (104) to drive from right to left, the fruits pass through a first spectrum gate (107), spectrum information of the surfaces of the fruits is measured and collected by an optical fiber spectrometer (115), then average processing is carried out to be used as spectrum representative information of various typical samples, preprocessing is carried out to obtain spectrum data of a correction set sample, principal component analysis is carried out on the information data in the spectrum of the correction set sample, characteristic information data is extracted, modeling is carried out, the display of a prediction result is completed, black core bad fruits are screened out, the data are returned to a computer to be subjected to data analysis, then a second spectrum gate (108) is used for establishing a data model different from the first spectrum gate (107), the spectrum information collected by the optical fiber spectrometer is compared with a new data model, the damaged fruits are screened out, data analysis is returned to a computer (207), and then the data are turned over by a turnover mechanism (110) to turn over the surface of the fruits, and fruit turning over is carried out; when the fruit grains are overturned from the first conveying device (100) to the second conveying device (200), the fruit grains are driven by the second conveying belt (203) to move from right to left on the second fruit supporting mechanism (204), the contained fruit passes through the third spectrum gate (206), the third spectrum gate (206) adopts the same data model as the second spectrum gate (108), the spectrum information collected by the optical fiber spectrometer is compared with a new data model, the residual fruit with damaged skin on the other side is screened out, the data is transmitted back to a computer, then the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) with the detected black-core fruit grains reaches a specified area to be overturned, the damaged fruit is overturned into the damaged fruit collecting frame (208), the damaged fruit is recovered, then the overturning mechanism in the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) carries out overturning action, and the fruit grains enter the third conveying device (300); when the fruit grains are turned over to a third conveying device (300) from the second conveying device (200), the fruit grains are driven by a third conveying belt (303) to move from right to left on a third fruit supporting mechanism (304); the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) containing fruits with different weights and residual fruits with damaged epidermis is turned over one by one in a designated area to finish fruit classification.

2. A fruit sorter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the light box is characterized in that the first spectrum door (107), the second spectrum door (108) and the third spectrum door (206) are composed of a light box (112), a power supply (113), a lamp light source (114), an optical fiber spectrometer (115), a light-shading curtain (116) and a photoelectric switch (117), the power supply (113), the lamp light source (114) and the optical fiber spectrometer (115) are all installed inside the light box (112), the data of the optical fiber spectrometer (115) are detected and then transmitted to a computer (207) for analysis, the light-shading curtain (116) is installed on two sides of the light box (112) to prevent an external light source from influencing detection, and the photoelectric switch (117) is installed on the outer surface of the light box (112).

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