CN112285782A - Near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation method and device - Google Patents
Near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation method and a near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a waveform of a first-motion wave detected by detectors respectively arranged at the wellhead and the bottom of each receiving well; determining a zero point position with an amplitude value of 0 between the negative waveform and the positive waveform; determining the centrosymmetric waveform of the negative waveform by taking the zero point position as a symmetric center, and taking the negative waveform and the centrosymmetric waveform as new first arrival waveforms; respectively carrying out spectrum analysis on new first arrival waveforms formed by detecting first arrival waves at a wellhead and a bottom of a well by combining the detector distance and the first arrival time of the two detectors, and determining an actual Q value corresponding to the thickness of the low-speed layer between the positions of the two detectors; and determining a relation curve of the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the Q value according to the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the actual Q value at all the absorption attenuation investigation points. The method can eliminate the influence of near-surface ghost reflection and improve the precision and the representativeness of the absorption attenuation survey.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation method and device.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
The absorption attenuation of the near-surface low-deceleration layer to seismic waves is one of important factors influencing the quality of seismic data, and near-surface absorption attenuation investigation is an important means for obtaining Q values of different near-surface low-deceleration layers and completing near-surface Q value compensation processing on the basis of the Q values, so that the quality of the seismic data is improved. At present, two methods, namely a twin-well micro-logging absorption attenuation survey and a honeycomb micro-logging absorption attenuation survey, are mainly adopted for near-surface absorption attenuation survey.
In the absorption and attenuation survey of twin-well micro-logging, as shown in fig. 1, one well is a receiving well, the other well is an excitation well, a plurality of receiving points and a plurality of excitation points are respectively arranged in the receiving well and the excitation well at equal intervals or unequal intervals from the earth surface to the high-speed top, the embedding depth of each receiving point represents the thickness of different low-deceleration layers, and each receiving point of the receiving well simultaneously receives and forms a common shot gather data for any excitation point in the excitation well. When the same excitation point is excited, different receiving points are different in position, the arrival time of the received first arrival wave and the waveform of the received first arrival wave are different, one first arrival waveform is intercepted, the arrival time of the first arrival wave is combined with the arrival time of the first arrival wave, calculation and analysis are carried out, the absorption attenuation Q value can be obtained, and the absorption attenuation Q values with different thicknesses are obtained after statistics is carried out on a plurality of excitation points. The double-well micro-logging absorption attenuation investigation cost is low, but the difficulty of good coupling of the detector in the well and surrounding rock is high, and the real situation of the near-surface absorption attenuation Q value cannot be truly reflected due to the influence of the virtual reflection of the surface on the near-surface embedded detector.
The cellular micro-logging absorption attenuation survey is an improvement on the basis of a double-well micro-logging absorption attenuation survey. As shown in figure 2, the excitation point is still in one excitation well, a plurality of receiving wells are distributed on the circumference of a certain radius taking the excitation well as the center of a circle for receiving, the depth of each receiving well represents the thickness of a corresponding low-deceleration layer, and a detector is placed at the bottom of each receiving well, so that the coupling of the receiving detector and surrounding rocks is ensured. The cellular micro-logging absorption attenuation survey has few abnormal points, but the cellular micro-logging absorption attenuation survey has higher cost, less implementation amount and poorer work area representativeness, and the influence of the virtual reflection of the earth surface on the near-earth surface embedded detector is still not eliminated.
With the application and development of the seismic exploration data processing inverse Q compensation technology, the requirement on the investigation precision of the near-surface absorption attenuation Q value is higher and higher. How to eliminate the influence of near-surface ghost reflection and improve the precision and representativeness of absorption attenuation survey becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation method, which is used for eliminating the influence of near-surface ghost reflection and improving the accuracy and the representativeness of the absorption attenuation investigation, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring a waveform of a first-motion wave detected by detectors arranged at the wellhead and the bottom of each receiving well respectively, wherein the waveform of the first-motion wave comprises a negative waveform and a positive waveform, absorbing attenuation investigation points are distributed on a two-dimensional absorbing attenuation investigation line at equal intervals, and the receiving well and an excitation well are arranged at each absorbing attenuation investigation point;
determining a zero point position with an amplitude value of 0 between the negative waveform and the positive waveform;
determining the centrosymmetric waveform of the negative waveform by taking the zero point position as a symmetric center, and taking the negative waveform and the centrosymmetric waveform as new first arrival waveforms;
performing spectrum analysis on a new first-arrival waveform formed by detecting first-arrival waves at a wellhead by combining the detector distances of the two detectors and the first-arrival time received by the wellhead detector, performing spectrum analysis on the new first-arrival waveform formed by detecting the first-arrival waves at the bottom of the well by combining the detector distances of the two detectors and the first-arrival time received by the bottom-of-the-well detector, and determining an actual Q value corresponding to the thickness of the low-deceleration layer between the positions of the two detectors;
and determining a relation curve of the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the Q value according to the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the actual Q value at all the absorption attenuation investigation points.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation device, which is used for eliminating the influence of near-surface ghost reflection and improving the accuracy and the representativeness of the absorption attenuation investigation, and the device comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a waveform of a first-motion wave detected by the detectors arranged at the wellhead and the bottom of each receiving well respectively, wherein the waveform of the first-motion wave comprises a negative waveform and a positive waveform, absorption attenuation investigation points are distributed on a two-dimensional absorption attenuation investigation line at equal intervals, and the receiving well and the excitation well are arranged at each absorption attenuation investigation point;
the determining module is used for determining a zero point position with an amplitude value of 0 between the negative waveform and the positive waveform;
the determining module is further used for determining the centrosymmetric waveform of the negative waveform by taking the zero point position as a symmetric center, and taking the negative waveform and the centrosymmetric waveform as new first-arrival waveforms;
the determining module is further used for performing spectrum analysis on a new first-arrival waveform formed by detecting first-arrival waves at the wellhead by combining the geophone distances of the two geophones and the first-arrival time received by the geophone at the wellhead, performing spectrum analysis on a new first-arrival waveform formed by detecting first-arrival waves at the bottom of the well by combining the geophone distances of the two geophones and the first-arrival time received by the geophone at the bottom of the well, and determining an actual Q value corresponding to the thickness of the low-deceleration layer between the positions of the two geophones;
and the determining module is also used for determining a relation curve of the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the Q value according to the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the actual Q value at all the absorption attenuation investigation points.
The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation method.
Embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for executing the near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation surveying method.
In the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of absorption attenuation survey points are distributed on a two-dimensional absorption attenuation survey line at equal intervals, each survey point is provided with an excitation well and a receiving well, a detector is respectively arranged at the wellhead and the bottom of the receiving well, negative waveforms are taken from primary-arrival waveforms received by the detectors at the wellhead and the bottom of the receiving well, central symmetry is carried out on the primary-arrival waveforms based on the negative waveforms to obtain a new primary-arrival waveform, actual Q values of different low-speed-reduction layer thicknesses are calculated, and finally a relation curve of the low-speed-layer thickness and the actual Q value is obtained. The detectors are not embedded between the well head and the well bottom, the coupling problem of a plurality of detectors in the well and surrounding rocks is solved, the problem that the detectors arranged near the surface of the earth in the well are influenced by the virtual reflection of the surface of the earth is solved, the Q value calculation precision and the reliability of the relation curve of the thickness of the low-deceleration layer and the Q value are improved, and a foundation is laid for the subsequent Q compensation processing.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art twin-well microlog absorption attenuation survey;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art cellular microlog absorption attenuation survey;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation survey in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of absorption attenuation survey points on a two-dimensional absorption attenuation survey line according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a new first-arrival waveform synthesized based on a negative first-arrival waveform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the thickness distribution and Q-value distribution of a low dropout layer obtained by using a complete original first-arrival waveform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the thickness and Q-value distribution of the low dropout layer obtained by using the new first-arrival waveform in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation survey apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation method, which needs to perform the following preparation work before the method is realized:
(1) laying a plurality of absorption attenuation survey points
Specifically, a typical position where absorption attenuation investigation is required is selected in a target work area, one or more sections of two-dimensional absorption attenuation investigation lines can be selected according to an investigation target, and a plurality of absorption attenuation investigation points are continuously arranged at equal intervals on each section of two-dimensional absorption attenuation investigation line.
The absorption attenuation survey points need to be distributed according to previous surface layer survey results of the target work area, so that a certain number of absorption attenuation survey point distributions of different low deceleration layer thicknesses are ensured, and the reliability of the statistical effect of the survey results is improved.
(2) Laying detectors and excitation points
And each absorption attenuation investigation point adopts a double-well micro-logging mode to carry out investigation. Referring to fig. 4, 1 well is used as a receiving well, detectors are respectively arranged at the bottom of the well and the top of the well (the surface), and two detectors are arranged (the triangle in fig. 4 represents the detector). The ground surface detectors are required to be arranged to be flush with the ground surface, and in order to avoid the influence of a high-speed top interface, the bottom hole detectors are required to be arranged about 1m above the high-speed top interface. The effect of the earth surface ghost reflection on the near-earth surface receiving in the well can be avoided by not arranging a detector between the earth surface and the well bottom. 1 well is used as an excitation well, the receiving amplitude of a bottom hole detector is not exceeded, and the distance between the excitation position and the bottom hole detector is more than 20 m.
(3) Backfilling and sealing well by surrounding rock fragments
The bottom-hole detector and the wellhead detector are both placed in a thin long plastic shell, such as a explosive shell, surrounding rock fragments are filled in the shell, and the long plastic shell can ensure that the bottom-hole detector is in a vertical state. After the bottom-hole detector is placed, surrounding rock fragments drilled by a well are backfilled into the well, and the bottom-hole detector is fixed by the surrounding rock fragments, so that the surrounding medium state of the detector is close to the original state of the surrounding rock as far as possible while the good coupling between the detector and the surrounding rock is ensured. The wellhead detector is also arranged in a explosive shell and is embedded on the ground surface, so that the detector is ensured to be flush with the ground surface and to be consistent with the state of the bottom-hole detector as far as possible.
(4) Acquisition of first-arrival waves using high dynamic range seismic instrumentation
After the geophone and the excitation point of each absorption attenuation survey point are arranged, a seismic instrument with a high dynamic range is adopted for acquisition, and the minimum sampling interval and the minimum forward amplification gain of the seismic instrument are generally adopted. The length of the instrument recording time is determined from the survey results, and is typically set to the expected surface reception time plus 200ms or more.
After the preparation work is completed, the near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is realized, and as shown in fig. 3, the method comprises steps 301 to 305:
301, acquiring a waveform of a first-motion wave detected by detectors arranged at the wellhead and the bottom of each receiving well respectively; the two-dimensional absorption attenuation survey line comprises a first wave and a second wave, wherein one wave of the first wave comprises a negative wave and a positive wave, absorption attenuation survey points are distributed on the two-dimensional absorption attenuation survey line at equal intervals, and a receiving well and an excitation well are arranged at each absorption attenuation survey point.
And step 302, determining a zero point position with an amplitude value of 0 between the negative waveform and the positive waveform.
Setting the number of sampling points contained in the negative waveform as n, firstly obtaining the amplitude value x and sampling time t of the n sampling points, and forming the amplitude value and the sampling time (t)n，xn) An array of (2). Wherein x isnIs the sampling time tnAmplitude value of time sample point, from x1To xnAre all less than or equal to 0.
If the amplitude value x of the last sample point of the negative waveform sample, i.e. the nth sample pointnAnd if the position is equal to 0, determining the nth sampling point as the position of the zero point.
If the amplitude value x of the nth sample pointnIf not equal to 0, the amplitude value x of the next sample point (i.e. the (n + 1) th sample point) of the nth sample point is setn+1And the position is 0, and the (n + 1) th sampling point is determined as the position of a zero point.
And step 303, determining the centrosymmetric waveform of the negative waveform by taking the zero point position as a symmetric center, and taking the negative waveform and the centrosymmetric waveform as new first arrival waveforms.
Due to the difference of the zero point positions, the following two conditions are divided when determining the new first-arrival waveform:
(1) when the zero point position is the nth sampling point
With xnIs a center of symmetry, pair (t)n-1，xn-1) Array of n-1 dots formed by folding symmetrically from top to bottom'm，x′m) Array, wherein m ranges from n +1 to n + n, in which case x'mAnd xnWith respect to tnIs symmetrical and x'mIs less than or equal to 0.
Is (t'm，x′m) The array is folded left and right by taking the zero line as a symmetrical line to form an array (t ″) of n-1 sampling pointsm，x″m) Wherein m ranges from n +1 to n + n, and x ″, is presentm＝-x″m，x″mIs greater than or equal to 0.
Array at this time (t)n，xn)、(t″m，x″m) Fitting to form a new first-arrival waveform based on the negative waveform of the first-arrival waveform, based on (t)n，xn) The sampling point is a centrosymmetric graph of a symmetric center.
(2) When the zero point position is the (n + 1) th sampling point
With xn+1Is a center of symmetry, pair (t)n，xn) Array of n dots formed by folding symmetrically up and down'm，x′m) Array, wherein m ranges from n +2 to n + n +1, in which case there is x'mAnd xnWith respect to tn+1Is symmetrical, and x'mIs less than or equal to 0.
Is (t'm，x′m) The array is folded left and right by taking the zero line as a symmetrical line to form an array (t ″) of n sampling pointsm，x″m) Wherein m ranges from n +2 to n + n +1, in which case x'm＝-x″m，x″mIs greater than or equal to 0.
Array at this time (t)n，xn)、(tn+1，xn+1)、(t″m，x″m) Fitting to form a new first-arrival waveform based on (t) the negative waveform of the first-arrival waveformn+1，xn+1) The sampling points are centrosymmetric graphs of the symmetric points.
And step 304, carrying out spectrum analysis on a new first arrival waveform formed by detecting first arrival waves at the wellhead by combining the geophone distances of the two geophones and the first arrival time received by the wellhead geophone, carrying out spectrum analysis on a new first arrival waveform formed by detecting first arrival waves at the bottom of the well by combining the geophone distances of the two geophones and the first arrival time received by the bottom-of-the-well geophone, and determining an actual Q value corresponding to the thickness of the low-deceleration layer between the positions of the two geophones.
The spectrum analysis can adopt a centroid frequency method or a spectrum ratio method, and the specific implementation of the spectrum analysis is not repeated herein because the spectrum analysis is a common technical means in the field of earth seismic exploration.
And 305, determining a relation curve of the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the Q value according to the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the actual Q value at all absorption attenuation survey points.
Specifically, the actual Q values corresponding to the low deceleration layer thicknesses of all absorption attenuation survey points are determined according to the methods in steps 301 to 304; performing curve fitting on all the obtained actual Q values and the thickness of the low deceleration layer by using a least square method to determine a fitting function; calculating theoretical Q values corresponding to different low deceleration layer thicknesses according to the fitting function, and subtracting the theoretical Q values from actual Q values of the same low deceleration layer thickness to obtain deviation values of the different low deceleration layer thicknesses; iteratively eliminating abnormal points based on a Laevida criterion by utilizing the deviation value; and fitting by using the thickness of the low deceleration layer from which the abnormal points are removed and the corresponding actual Q value to obtain a relation curve of the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the actual Q value.
The least square fitting may be exponential fitting or polynomial fitting, and is generally exponential fitting. Based on Layida criterion, outliers are removed, least square method is used for fitting curves, and fitting function is determined to be common prior art, and specific implementation of the above process is not repeated herein.
In the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of absorption attenuation survey points are distributed on a two-dimensional absorption attenuation survey line at equal intervals, each survey point is provided with an excitation well and a receiving well, a detector is respectively arranged at the wellhead and the bottom of the receiving well, negative waveforms are taken from primary-arrival waveforms received by the detectors at the wellhead and the bottom of the receiving well, central symmetry is carried out on the primary-arrival waveforms based on the negative waveforms to obtain a new primary-arrival waveform, actual Q values of different low-speed-reduction layer thicknesses are calculated, and finally a relation curve of the low-speed-layer thickness and the actual Q value is obtained. The detectors are not embedded between the well head and the well bottom, the coupling problem of a plurality of detectors in the well and surrounding rocks is solved, the problem that the detectors arranged near the surface of the earth in the well are influenced by the virtual reflection of the surface of the earth is solved, the Q value calculation precision and the reliability of the relation curve of the thickness of the low-deceleration layer and the Q value are improved, and a foundation is laid for the subsequent Q compensation processing.
The invention depends on a certain three-dimensional seismic exploration and acquisition project constructed in a large desert area in a Tarim basin tower, aiming at the surface characteristics of the project, a two-dimensional absorption attenuation survey line with a plurality of points with different low-deceleration layer thicknesses is arranged, a receiving mode that detectors are placed on the surface and a wellhead is adopted, a primary wave waveform negative waveform is synthesized to form a new waveform for calculation, and finally a relation curve of the low-deceleration layer thickness and the absorption attenuation Q value in the area is obtained, so that the better representativeness is achieved, the influence of surface virtual reflection on the Q value result is avoided, and the specific implementation conditions are as follows:
1) continuously laying a plurality of absorption attenuation survey points in a linear manner
In a large desert work area in the tower, according to the previous surface layer survey result of the work area, a sand dune with the characteristics of a typical work area is selected for absorption attenuation survey, the width of the sand dune is 3km, and the thickness of a low deceleration layer is distributed from 8m to 65 m. A two-dimensional absorption attenuation survey line crossing the sand dune surface layer low-deceleration layer is arranged at intervals of 25m, and 140 points are arranged in total, so that a quantitative basis is laid for the subsequent fitting of the thickness of the low-deceleration layer and the corresponding absorption attenuation Q value.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of point location distribution and construction of the two-dimensional absorption attenuation survey line, and survey results can be more representative by arranging absorption attenuation survey points continuously and in multiple points.
2) Each absorption attenuation survey point adopts a twin-well micro-logging mode to arrange a wave detector and an excitation point
And each absorption attenuation investigation point adopts a double-well micro-logging mode to carry out investigation. 1 well is used as a receiving well, detectors are respectively arranged at the bottom of the well and the ground surface, and two detectors are arranged. The ground surface detectors are required to be arranged to be flush with the ground surface, and in order to avoid the influence of a high-speed top interface, the bottom hole detectors are required to be arranged about 1m above the high-speed top interface. The effect of the earth surface ghost reflection on the near-earth surface receiving in the well can be avoided by not arranging a detector between the earth surface and the well bottom. 1 well is used as an excitation well, the receiving amplitude of a bottom hole detector is not exceeded, and the distance between the excitation position and the bottom hole detector is more than 20 m.
3) Backfilling and sealing well by surrounding rock fragments
The bottom hole detector and the wellhead detector are both placed in a thin explosive shell, dry sand is filled in the shell, and the long explosive shell can ensure that the bottom hole detector is in a vertical state. After the bottom hole detector is placed well, the bottom hole detector is backfilled into the well by using dry fine sand, so that the surrounding medium state of the detector is close to the original state of the surrounding rock as far as possible while the good coupling between the detector and the surrounding rock is ensured. The wellhead detector is also arranged in a explosive shell and is embedded on the ground surface, so that the detector is ensured to be flush with the ground surface and to be consistent with the state of the bottom-hole detector as far as possible.
4) Seismic acquisition with high dynamic range
After the geophone and the excitation point of each absorption attenuation survey point are arranged, a seismic instrument with a high dynamic range is adopted for acquisition, the G3i seismic instrument is adopted at this time, the sampling interval is 0.25ms, and the forward amplification gain is 0 dB. And determining the recording time length of the instrument according to the surface survey result, wherein the recording time length is generally more than 200ms added to the expected surface receiving time, and the recording length is 1 s.
5) Reducing the actual Q of a single absorption attenuation survey point affected by surface ghosts
And respectively intercepting a first arrival waveform of seismic waves received by two detectors for earth surface receiving and bottom hole receiving. Different from the conventional analysis, the negative waveform part is intercepted from the first arrival waveform, as shown in fig. 5, the number of samples included in the negative waveform is n, and each negative waveform sample corresponds to a sampling time value to form (t)n，xn) Wherein x isnIs a time tnAmplitude value of time sample point, and from x1To xnIs less than or equal to 0.
A) When x isnWhen equal to 0, with xnIs a symmetric point pair (t)n-1，xn-1) Array of n-1 dots formed by folding symmetrically from top to bottom'm，x′m) Array, wherein m ranges from n +1 to n + n, in which case x'mAnd xnWith respect to tnIs symmetrical and x'mIs less than or equal to 0.
Is (t'm，x′m) The arrays are folded left and right with the zero line as the symmetrical line to form an array of n-1 sampling points (tm，x＂m) Wherein m ranges from n +1 to n + n, in which case x'm＝-x＂m，x＂mIs greater than or equal to 0.
Array at this time (t)n，xn)、(t＂m，x＂m) Forming a new waveform based on (t) the negative waveform of the first arrivaln，xn) The sampling points are centrosymmetric graphs of the symmetric points.
B) When x isnWhen not equal to 0, set tn+1Time xn+10 and xn+1Is a symmetric point pair (t)n，xn) Array of n dots formed by folding symmetrically up and down'm，x′m) Array, wherein m ranges from n +2 to n + n +1, in which case there is x'mAnd xnWith respect to tn+1Is symmetrical and x'mIs less than or equal to 0.
Is (t'm，x′m) The array is folded left and right with the zero line as the symmetrical line to form an array of n sampling points (tm，x＂m) Wherein m ranges from n +2 to n + n +1, in which case x'm＝-x＂m，x＂mIs greater than or equal to 0.
Array at this time (t)n，xn)、(tn+1，xn+1)、(t＂m，x＂m) Forming a new waveform based on (t) the negative waveform of the first arrivaln+1，xn+1) The sampling points are centrosymmetric graphs of the symmetric points.
Knowing the distance and the first arrival time of two detectors for surface receiving and bottom receiving, carrying out spectrum analysis on new waveforms formed by the surface receiving and the bottom receiving respectively, and calculating an actual Q value corresponding to the thickness of a low-speed layer between the surface receiving and the bottom receiving by adopting a centroid frequency method.
The steps are repeated for all the absorption attenuation investigation points on the two-dimensional absorption attenuation investigation line, and the actual Q value corresponding to the thickness of the low deceleration layer of each absorption attenuation investigation point can be obtained.
6) Fitting the thickness and Q value curve of different low deceleration layer thicknesses of the work area
And (3) performing least square fitting on the thickness and Q value curves of the obtained actual Q values corresponding to the plurality of different low-deceleration layer thicknesses, wherein exponential fitting or polynomial fitting can be adopted, and exponential fitting is generally adopted. And calculating theoretical Q values of different low-deceleration layer thicknesses according to a fitted formula, subtracting the theoretical Q values of the different low-deceleration layer thicknesses from the Q values of the actual low-deceleration layer thicknesses to obtain deviations of the different thicknesses, iteratively eliminating singular points based on a Lauda criterion, and finally fitting to obtain a reasonable relation curve between the low-deceleration layer thicknesses and the actual Q values.
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the actual Q value distribution calculated by using the complete original first-arrival waveform for different low-deceleration layer thicknesses, and fig. 7 is a diagram showing the actual Q value distribution calculated by using the new first-arrival waveform for different low-deceleration layer thicknesses. Compared with the two graphs, the actual Q value distribution obtained by adopting the new first-arrival waveform calculation is more concentrated from the fitting line, the dispersion is smaller, the investigation result is more reasonable, and the fitting accuracy of the fitting curve is favorably improved.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation survey apparatus is provided, as described in the following embodiments. The principle of the device for solving the problems is similar to that of the near-surface seismic wave absorption and attenuation investigation method, so the implementation of the device can refer to the implementation of the near-surface seismic wave absorption and attenuation investigation method, and repeated parts are not repeated.
As shown in fig. 8, the apparatus 800 includes an acquisition module 801 and a determination module 802.
The acquisition module 801 is used for acquiring a waveform of a first-motion wave detected by detectors arranged at the wellhead and the bottom of each receiving well respectively, wherein the waveform of the first-motion wave comprises a negative waveform and a positive waveform, absorption attenuation investigation points are distributed on a two-dimensional absorption attenuation investigation line at equal intervals, and the receiving wells and the excitation wells are arranged at the absorption attenuation investigation points;
a determining module 802, configured to determine a zero point position where an amplitude value between the negative waveform and the positive waveform is 0;
the determining module 802 is further configured to determine a centrosymmetric waveform of the negative waveform with the zero point position as a symmetric center, and use the negative waveform and the centrosymmetric waveform as a new first-arrival waveform;
the determining module 802 is further configured to perform spectrum analysis on a new first-arrival waveform formed by wellhead detection first-arrival waves by combining the geophone distances of the two geophones and the first-arrival time received by the wellhead geophone, perform spectrum analysis on a new first-arrival waveform formed by bottom-hole detection first-arrival waves by combining the geophone distances of the two geophones and the first-arrival time received by the bottom-hole geophone, and determine an actual Q value corresponding to the thickness of the low-deceleration layer between the positions of the two geophones;
the determining module 802 is further configured to determine a relation curve between the thickness of the low dropout layer and the Q value according to the thickness of the low dropout layer and the actual Q value at all absorption attenuation survey points.
In an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the determining module 802 is configured to:
acquiring amplitude values and sampling time of all sampling points contained in the negative waveform;
if the amplitude value of the last sampling point of the negative waveform sampling is equal to 0, determining the last sampling point as a zero point position;
and if the amplitude value of the last sampling point is not equal to 0, setting the amplitude value of the next sampling point of the last sampling point to be 0, and determining the next sampling point to be the zero point position.
In an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the determining module 802 is configured to:
when the zero point position is the last sampling point, determining symmetrical sampling points with central symmetry by taking the zero point position as a symmetrical center for other negative waveform sampling points except the last sampling point;
when the zero point position is the next sampling point, all sampling points of the negative waveform take the zero point position as a symmetric center, and the symmetric sampling points with the symmetric center are determined;
and forming a central symmetrical waveform of the negative waveform by utilizing symmetrical sampling point fitting.
In one implementation mode of the embodiment of the invention, the geophone at the wellhead is arranged at the position where the wellhead is flush with the ground surface, and the distance between the geophone at the bottom of the well and the high-speed top interface is more than 1 meter; the excitation point in the excitation well is arranged below the high-speed top interface, and the distance between the excitation point and the bottom hole detector is more than 20 meters.
In an implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the determining module 802 is configured to:
determining actual Q values corresponding to the thicknesses of the low deceleration layers of all absorption attenuation survey points;
performing curve fitting on all the obtained actual Q values and the thickness of the low deceleration layer by using a least square method to determine a fitting function;
calculating theoretical Q values corresponding to different low deceleration layer thicknesses according to the fitting function, and subtracting the theoretical Q values from actual Q values of the same low deceleration layer thickness to obtain deviation values of the different low deceleration layer thicknesses;
iteratively eliminating abnormal points based on a Laevida criterion by utilizing the deviation value;
and fitting by using the thickness of the low deceleration layer from which the abnormal points are removed and the corresponding actual Q value to obtain a relation curve of the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the actual Q value.
In the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of absorption attenuation survey points are distributed on a two-dimensional absorption attenuation survey line at equal intervals, each survey point is provided with an excitation well and a receiving well, a detector is respectively arranged at the wellhead and the bottom of the receiving well, negative waveforms are taken from primary-arrival waveforms received by the detectors at the wellhead and the bottom of the receiving well, central symmetry is carried out on the primary-arrival waveforms based on the negative waveforms to obtain a new primary-arrival waveform, actual Q values of different low-speed-reduction layer thicknesses are calculated, and finally a relation curve of the low-speed-layer thickness and the actual Q value is obtained. The detectors are not embedded between the well head and the well bottom, the coupling problem of a plurality of detectors in the well and surrounding rocks is solved, the problem that the detectors arranged near the surface of the earth in the well are influenced by the virtual reflection of the surface of the earth is solved, the Q value calculation precision and the reliability of the relation curve of the thickness of the low-deceleration layer and the Q value are improved, and a foundation is laid for the subsequent Q compensation processing.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer device, and fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the computer device in the embodiment of the present invention, where the computer device is capable of implementing all steps in the near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation method in the embodiment of the present invention, and the computer device specifically includes the following contents:
a processor (processor)901, a memory (memory)902, a communication Interface (Communications Interface)903, and a communication bus 904;
the processor 901, the memory 902 and the communication interface 903 complete mutual communication through the communication bus 904; the communication interface 903 is used for realizing information transmission between related devices;
the processor 901 is configured to call a computer program in the memory 902, and when the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements the near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation method in the above embodiments.
Embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program for executing the near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation surveying method.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation survey method, the method comprising:
acquiring a waveform of a first-motion wave detected by detectors arranged at the wellhead and the bottom of each receiving well respectively, wherein the waveform of the first-motion wave comprises a negative waveform and a positive waveform, absorbing attenuation investigation points are distributed on a two-dimensional absorbing attenuation investigation line at equal intervals, and the receiving well and an excitation well are arranged at each absorbing attenuation investigation point;
determining a zero point position with an amplitude value of 0 between the negative waveform and the positive waveform;
determining the centrosymmetric waveform of the negative waveform by taking the zero point position as a symmetric center, and taking the negative waveform and the centrosymmetric waveform as new first arrival waveforms;
performing spectrum analysis on a new first-arrival waveform formed by detecting first-arrival waves at a wellhead by combining the detector distances of the two detectors and the first-arrival time received by the wellhead detector, performing spectrum analysis on the new first-arrival waveform formed by detecting the first-arrival waves at the bottom of the well by combining the detector distances of the two detectors and the first-arrival time received by the bottom-of-the-well detector, and determining an actual Q value corresponding to the thickness of the low-deceleration layer between the positions of the two detectors;
and determining a relation curve of the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the Q value according to the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the actual Q value at all the absorption attenuation investigation points.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a zero position having an amplitude value of 0 between the negative waveform and the positive waveform comprises:
acquiring amplitude values and sampling time of all sampling points contained in the negative waveform;
if the amplitude value of the last sampling point of the negative waveform sampling is equal to 0, determining the last sampling point as a zero point position;
and if the amplitude value of the last sampling point is not equal to 0, setting the amplitude value of the next sampling point of the last sampling point to be 0, and determining the next sampling point to be a zero point position.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the centrosymmetric waveform of the negative waveform with the zero point position as a center of symmetry comprises:
when the zero point position is the last sampling point, determining symmetrical sampling points with central symmetry by taking the zero point position as a symmetrical center for other negative waveform sampling points except the last sampling point;
when the zero point position is the next sampling point, all sampling points of the negative waveform take the zero point position as a symmetric center, and the symmetric sampling points with the symmetric center are determined;
and forming a central symmetrical waveform of the negative waveform by utilizing symmetrical sampling point fitting.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the wellhead geophone is positioned at a position where the wellhead is flush with the surface of the earth, and the downhole geophone is positioned at a distance of more than 1 meter from the high-speed top interface; the excitation point in the excitation well is arranged below the high-speed top interface, and the distance between the excitation point and the bottom hole detector is more than 20 meters.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein determining the low dropout layer thickness to Q value relationship from the low dropout layer thickness to the actual Q value at all absorption attenuation survey points comprises:
determining actual Q values corresponding to the thicknesses of the low deceleration layers of all absorption attenuation survey points;
performing curve fitting on all the obtained actual Q values and the thickness of the low deceleration layer by using a least square method to determine a fitting function;
calculating theoretical Q values corresponding to different low deceleration layer thicknesses according to the fitting function, and subtracting the theoretical Q values from actual Q values of the same low deceleration layer thickness to obtain deviation values of the different low deceleration layer thicknesses;
iteratively rejecting outliers based on a Lauda criterion by using the deviation value;
and fitting by using the thickness of the low deceleration layer from which the abnormal points are removed and the corresponding actual Q value to obtain a relation curve of the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the actual Q value.
6. A near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation survey apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a waveform of a first-motion wave detected by the detectors arranged at the wellhead and the bottom of each receiving well respectively, wherein the waveform of the first-motion wave comprises a negative waveform and a positive waveform, absorption attenuation investigation points are distributed on a two-dimensional absorption attenuation investigation line at equal intervals, and the receiving well and the excitation well are arranged at each absorption attenuation investigation point;
the determining module is used for determining a zero point position with an amplitude value of 0 between the negative waveform and the positive waveform;
the determining module is further used for determining the centrosymmetric waveform of the negative waveform by taking the zero point position as a symmetric center, and taking the negative waveform and the centrosymmetric waveform as new first-arrival waveforms;
the determining module is further used for performing spectrum analysis on a new first-arrival waveform formed by detecting first-arrival waves at the wellhead by combining the geophone distances of the two geophones and the first-arrival time received by the geophone at the wellhead, performing spectrum analysis on a new first-arrival waveform formed by detecting first-arrival waves at the bottom of the well by combining the geophone distances of the two geophones and the first-arrival time received by the geophone at the bottom of the well, and determining an actual Q value corresponding to the thickness of the low-deceleration layer between the positions of the two geophones;
and the determining module is also used for determining a relation curve of the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the Q value according to the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the actual Q value at all the absorption attenuation investigation points.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the means for determining is configured to:
acquiring amplitude values and sampling time of all sampling points contained in the negative waveform;
if the amplitude value of the last sampling point of the negative waveform sampling is equal to 0, determining the last sampling point as a zero point position;
and if the amplitude value of the last sampling point is not equal to 0, setting the amplitude value of the next sampling point of the last sampling point to be 0, and determining the next sampling point to be a zero point position.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the means for determining is configured to:
when the zero point position is the last sampling point, determining symmetrical sampling points with central symmetry by taking the zero point position as a symmetrical center for other negative waveform sampling points except the last sampling point;
when the zero point position is the next sampling point, all sampling points of the negative waveform take the zero point position as a symmetric center, and the symmetric sampling points with the symmetric center are determined;
and forming a central symmetrical waveform of the negative waveform by utilizing symmetrical sampling point fitting.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the geophone at the wellhead is arranged at a position where the wellhead is flush with the surface of the earth, and the geophone at the bottom of the well is more than 1 meter away from the high-speed top interface; the excitation point in the excitation well is arranged below the high-speed top interface, and the distance between the excitation point and the bottom hole detector is more than 20 meters.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the means for determining is configured to:
determining actual Q values corresponding to the thicknesses of the low deceleration layers of all absorption attenuation survey points;
performing curve fitting on all the obtained actual Q values and the thickness of the low deceleration layer by using a least square method to determine a fitting function;
calculating theoretical Q values corresponding to different low deceleration layer thicknesses according to the fitting function, and subtracting the theoretical Q values from actual Q values of the same low deceleration layer thickness to obtain deviation values of the different low deceleration layer thicknesses;
iteratively rejecting outliers based on a Lauda criterion by using the deviation value;
and fitting by using the thickness of the low deceleration layer from which the abnormal points are removed and the corresponding actual Q value to obtain a relation curve of the thickness of the low deceleration layer and the actual Q value.
11. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 5 when executing the computer program.
12. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.
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