CN104749634A - Extremely-shallow layer absorption compensation method based on viscoelastic medium model - Google Patents
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Abstract
Provided is an extremely-shallow layer frequency compensation method based on a viscoelastic medium model. The scheme is as follows: the quality factor Q of an extremely shallow layer is calculated with use of micro-logging data based on the spectral ratio of direct waves of two adjacent cannons (referred to as a spectral ratio method); the velocity v of longitudinal wave is calculated based on the difference between the first-arrival time of the direct waves of two adjacent cannons; a mathematical empirical formula of Q and longitudinal v is fitted out by analyzing the relation between Q and v of the extremely shallow layer; tomographic inversion is performed on the first-arrival time of refracted waves of a reflected seismic record to obtain a speed model of the extremely shallow layer; a Q value model of the extremely shallow layer is further obtained based on a formula of the relation between Q and v of the extremely shallow layer obtained through analysis of the micro-logging data; and finally, a post-stack or pre-stack seismic record received by the earth surface is continued to a high-speed layer top through wave field continuation by a phase shift interpolation algorithm and other algorithms under the condition that the extremely shallow layer conforms to a Kjartansson viscoelastic medium model in order to compensate seismic wave energy absorption of the extremely shallow layer. The advantage is that the Q value of the extremely shallow layer obtained from inversion is accurate and reliable, and the compensation algorithm is stable and efficient.
Description
Method field
The present invention relates to For Processing Seismic Data field, particularly relate to a kind of pole shallow-layer Absorption Compensation Method based on visco-elastic medium model.
Background technology
Carry out absorption energy compensating to seismic event in existing For Processing Seismic Data and mainly apply inverse Q filtering, the means that inverse Q filtering is current and precision still have some limitations.First require the accurate Q value in stratum, this point is difficult to accomplish; Secondly, the high-frequency components signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that inverse Q filtering compensates may be lower, thus can only do partial-compensation; In addition, owing to lacking the research of stratum to the mechanism of absorption of seismic event, the mathematical method of inverse Q filtering is tight not.In recent years, researchist utilizes VSP data to obtain near well stratum Q value more accurately, by inverse Q filtering, the resolution of seismic data is improved, obtain challenging achievement, people are made to see the importance of seismic data frequency and amplitude compensation, but this method has the deficiency of two aspects: the first, can only be effective to the seismic data near well, it is of limited application; It two is, due to pole shallow-layer low velocity layer short texture, there is extremely low Q value, therefore in the process of seismic wave propagation, the absorption of low velocity layer to seismic wave energy accounts for the major part of whole absorption, and inverse Q filtering cannot compensate for the absorption on low velocity layer stratum.
For the absorption problem of pole shallow-layer low velocity layer, we conduct in-depth research the mechanism of absorption of pole shallow-layer low velocity layer, determine the media type of low velocity layer, utilize the Q value of micro-logging data inverting low velocity layer, according to the metastable statistical relationship of Q and v, in conjunction with ripe low velocity layer velocity inversion method, ask for low velocity layer Q Distribution value comparatively accurately, propose the method utilizing visco-elastic proportionHK wave field extrapolation to realize pole shallow-layer attenuation by absorption compensation innovatively, through the checking of theoretical model and the application of real data, all achieve desirable effect and efficiency.This new pole shallow-layer Absorption Compensation Method is the effective means improving seismic data resolution, will become the new direction processing pole shallow-layer low velocity layer and affect seismic data.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the seismic wave energy of the particularly radio-frequency component that a kind of effective compensation is absorbed by pole shallow-layer, widen seismic data effective band simultaneously, improve the pole shallow-layer Absorption Compensation Method based on visco-elastic medium model of seismic data resolution.
The present invention realizes by following method and measure:
1) to micro logging data analysis, direct wave first break time and shooting depth is utilized to calculate pole, micro logging place shallow-layer low velocity layer velocity structure;
2) frequency spectrum ratio method is utilized to obtain single-point pole shallow-layer low velocity layer Q value, namely direct wave is blocked to the receiving record of adjacent two big guns of micro logging, by carrying out to the difference of both direct wave frequency spectrums the Q value that matching obtains stratum between two shot points, all shot points being calculated one by one and can obtain this point pole shallow-layer low velocity layer Q value;
3) the pole shallow-layer low velocity layer speed v that calculated by micro logging of matching and Q value, obtain the relation formula of Q and speed v, this formula concrete form is relevant with applied area;
4) pick up the direct wave first break time on seismic reflection data, and utilize micro logging to carry out constraint tomographic inversion, obtain pole shallow-layer low velocity layer rate pattern;
5) relation formula of the Q in step 3 and speed v is applied to the pole shallow-layer low velocity layer rate pattern in step 4, obtains whole district's pole shallow-layer low velocity layer Q body Model;
6) utilize visco-elastic proportionHK numerical solution, the seismologic record continuation received on earth's surface by visco-elastic proportionHK continuation pre stack data, to high-velocity bed top, realizes prestack pole shallow-layer low velocity layer absorption compensation;
7) seismic section after adopting usual way to draw out compensation, carries out spectrum analysis.
Such scheme comprises further:
8) repeat step 6 and step 7, amendment parameter reaches satisfied effect;
9) optionally, then visco-elastic proportionHK continuation can be carried out to the geological data through post-stack data processing, realize poststack pole shallow-layer low velocity layer absorption compensation.
The present invention is also realized by following technological means:
Described step 2) intermediate frequency spectrum than the idiographic flow of method is: the trough place truncation points of direct-path signal being selected in second round, i.e. 1.25 cycles, instead of the zero line place before trough, adopt flowing window regular way simultaneously, ensure that the clipped form of each signal is consistent, distort to avoid wave spectrum and ensure that stablizing Q estimates; Calculate the difference of the logarithmic spectrum of two direct waves of intercepting afterwards, and determine that fit interval carries out fitting a straight line, calculate Q value.Here the fitting formula used is
wherein: S1(f), S2 (f) is respectively the frequency spectrum of M1, M2; C is a constant; F is frequency; Δ t=t2-t1.
What in described step 3, the matching of Q and v adopted is fitting of a polynomial, the Q value drawn and the relation formula of speed v.
In described step 4, the method for micro-logging data constraint tomographic inversion is mainly using the low velocity layer rate pattern set up based on micro logging data as constraint condition, objective function is formed, by solving the objective function least square solution of Suzanne Lenglen day constraint together with whilst on tour residual error.。
Visco-elastic proportionHK numerical solution in described step 6 has following several: split-step Fourier method, split-step Fourier add method of interpolation, phase-shift method, phase shift add method of interpolation, Fourier finite-difference method etc., can select according to actual needs.
The realization of the visco-elastic proportionHK continuation algorithm in described step 6 is the parallel algorithm based on MPI message passing mechanism, isomorphism machine pattern.
Viscoelastic wave equation pole shallow-layer low velocity layer Absorption Compensation Method in the present invention is compared with the inverse Q filtering of routine, the pole shallow-layer low velocity layer Q model set up is more accurately reliable, the compensation method adopted is more targeted to pole shallow-layer low velocity layer, and give new compensating operator stability condition, good solution is given to the instability occurred in compensation process, program applies parallelization thought in realizing simultaneously, improve counting yield, there is very strong practicality, the seismic section effective band obtained obviously is widened, resolution is significantly improved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the direct wave waveform of adjacent two big guns intercepted in actual micro-logging data;
Fig. 2 is the logarithm of the difference of the direct wave frequency spectrum of Fig. 1 two track data;
Fig. 3 for carrying out the result of fitting of a polynomial in the fit interval selected to data shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the fitting result of certain a bite micro logging pole shallow-layer low velocity layer Q value and v;
Fig. 5 is the low velocity layer rate pattern of micro logging constraint tomographic inversion;
Fig. 6 is a dropping cut slice of the pole shallow-layer low velocity layer Q body Model obtained according to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 result;
Fig. 7 is the stacked section before compensating;
Fig. 8 is the stacked section after compensating;
Fig. 9 is the contrast of spectral amplitude before and after compensating.
Embodiment
Overall technological scheme of the present invention is:
1) to micro logging data analysis, direct wave first break time and shooting depth is utilized to calculate pole, micro logging place shallow-layer low velocity layer velocity structure;
2) frequency spectrum ratio method is utilized to obtain single-point pole shallow-layer low velocity layer Q value, namely direct wave is blocked to the receiving record of adjacent two big guns of micro logging, by carrying out to the difference of both direct wave frequency spectrums the Q value that matching obtains stratum between two shot points, all shot points being calculated one by one and can obtain this point pole shallow-layer low velocity layer Q value;
3) the pole shallow-layer low velocity layer speed v that calculated by micro logging of matching and Q value, obtain the relation formula of Q and speed v, this formula concrete form is relevant with applied area;
4) pick up the direct wave first break time on seismic reflection data, and utilize micro logging to carry out constraint tomographic inversion, obtain pole shallow-layer low velocity layer rate pattern;
5) relation formula of the Q in step 3 and speed v is applied to the pole shallow-layer low velocity layer rate pattern in step 4, obtains whole district's pole shallow-layer low velocity layer Q body Model;
6) utilize visco-elastic proportionHK numerical solution, the seismologic record continuation received on earth's surface by visco-elastic proportionHK continuation pre stack data, to high-velocity bed top, realizes prestack pole shallow-layer low velocity layer absorption compensation;
7) seismic section after adopting usual way to draw out compensation, carries out spectrum analysis;
8) repeat step 6 and step 7, amendment parameter reaches satisfied effect;
9) optionally, then visco-elastic proportionHK continuation can be carried out to the geological data through post-stack data processing, realize poststack pole shallow-layer low velocity layer absorption compensation.
Below by exemplary embodiments, and coordinate accompanying drawing 1-9, be described in detail below.
(1) common means ground observation is adopted to gather micro logging data and geological data.Utilize the difference of direct wave first break time and the difference of shooting depth of adjacent two shot points in micro logging record, according to the speed between v=h/t(v: two shot points; The difference of the shooting depth between h: two shot points; The difference of the direct wave first break time of t: two shot points) obtain the speed of pole shallow-layer low velocity layer.
(2) carry out direct wave intercepting to the direct wave waveform of adjacent two big guns, truncation points is selected in the trough place of second round, i.e. 1.25 cycles, instead of the zero line place before trough, obtains the direct wave (Fig. 1) of adjacent two big guns thus.Calculate the difference of the logarithm of the spectral amplitude of two direct waves.Finally linear fit is carried out to the difference of the logarithm of the spectral amplitude in Fig. 2, can determine that the Q value on stratum between two shot points is for 60.8901(Fig. 3).All for this well shot point step by step calculation just can be obtained single-point pole shallow-layer low velocity layer Q value.
(3) fitting of a polynomial is carried out to v and the Q value of every mouthful of micro logging inverting, draw the analysis result (Fig. 4) of certain a bite well, determine that the relation formula of this well Q value and v is Q=0.00004v according to analysis result
2+ 0.1097v+21.598.
(4) pick up the direct wave first break time in reflected seismic information, the pole shallow-layer low velocity layer velocity structure explained by micro-logging data, as constraint condition, carries out constraint tomographic inversion, obtains pole shallow-layer low velocity layer rate pattern (Fig. 5) in whole work area.
(5) according to the Q-v relation fitting formula obtained before and pole shallow-layer low velocity layer rate pattern, pole shallow-layer low velocity layer Q body Model (Fig. 6) of the whole district can be obtained.
All work before can be regarded as implementing the preparation done compensated.
(6) pole shallow-layer low velocity layer absorption compensation is implemented by according to pole, the work area shallow-layer low velocity layer rate pattern set up and Q body Model.The process compensated is the wave field extrapolation based on viscoelastic wave equation, can select algorithm as required, the algorithm realized comprises phase shift, phase shift adds interpolation, split-step Fourier, Fourier-modal method etc., should consider actual low velocity layer situation and counting yield during concrete selection.
Seismic section after finally adopting usual way to draw out compensation, carries out spectrum analysis.
Fig. 7 is the stacked section before not compensating, and Fig. 8 is the stacked section after compensating, and Fig. 9 is the spectral amplitude before compensating and after compensating.Can find, the resolution of stacked section significantly improves, and particularly complex wave is separated, weak phase place strengthened, and effective band is obviously widened.
On the basis of above-described embodiment, repeat step 6 and step 7, amendment ginseng
Number reaches satisfied effect.
In addition, optionally, then visco-elastic proportionHK continuation can be carried out to the geological data through post-stack data processing, realize poststack pole shallow-layer low velocity layer absorption compensation.
Claims (8)
1., based on the pole shallow-layer Absorption Compensation Method of visco-elastic medium model, it is characterized in that comprising:
1) to micro logging data analysis, direct wave first break time and shooting depth is utilized to calculate pole, micro logging place shallow-layer low velocity layer velocity structure;
2) frequency spectrum ratio method is utilized to obtain single-point pole shallow-layer low velocity layer
qvalue, namely block direct wave to the receiving record of adjacent two big guns of micro logging, obtains stratum between two shot points by carrying out matching to the difference of both direct wave frequency spectrums
qvalue, calculates all shot points one by one and can obtain this point pole shallow-layer low velocity layer
qvalue;
3) the pole shallow-layer low velocity layer speed that calculated by micro logging of matching
vwith
qvalue, obtains
qwith speed
vrelation formula;
4) pick up the direct wave first break time on seismic reflection data, and utilize micro logging to carry out constraint tomographic inversion, obtain pole shallow-layer low velocity layer rate pattern;
5) by step 3
qwith speed
vrelation formula be applied to pole shallow-layer low velocity layer rate pattern in step 4, obtain whole district's pole shallow-layer low velocity layer
qbody Model;
6) utilize visco-elastic proportionHK numerical solution, the seismologic record continuation received on earth's surface by visco-elastic proportionHK continuation pre stack data, to high-velocity bed top, realizes prestack pole shallow-layer low velocity layer absorption compensation;
7) draw out the seismic section after compensation, carry out spectrum analysis.
2. the pole shallow-layer Absorption Compensation Method based on visco-elastic medium model according to claim 1, is characterized in that: repeat step 6 and step 7, and amendment parameter reaches satisfied effect.
3. the pole shallow-layer Absorption Compensation Method based on visco-elastic medium model according to claim 2, is characterized in that: carry out visco-elastic proportionHK continuation to the geological data through post-stack data processing again, realizes poststack pole shallow-layer low velocity layer absorption compensation.
4. according to the arbitrary described pole shallow-layer Absorption Compensation Method based on visco-elastic medium model of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: the trough place in described step 2, the truncation points of direct-path signal being selected in second round, i.e. 1.25 cycles, instead of the zero line place before trough, adopt flowing window regular way simultaneously, ensure that the clipped form of each signal is consistent, distort to avoid wave spectrum and ensure stable
qestimate; Calculate the difference of the logarithmic spectrum of two direct waves of intercepting afterwards, and determine that fit interval carries out fitting a straight line, calculate
qvalue.
5., according to the arbitrary described pole shallow-layer Absorption Compensation Method based on visco-elastic medium model of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: in described step 3
qwith
vmatching adopt be fitting of a polynomial.
6. according to the arbitrary described pole shallow-layer Absorption Compensation Method based on visco-elastic medium model of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: what in described step 4, tomographic inversion adopted is the tomographic inversion that micro-logging data retrains.
7. the pole shallow-layer Absorption Compensation Method based on visco-elastic medium model according to claim 1-3, is characterized in that the visco-elastic proportionHK numerical solution in described step 6 comprises: split-step Fourier method, split-step Fourier add method of interpolation, phase-shift method, phase shift add method of interpolation, Fourier finite-difference method.
8., according to the arbitrary described pole shallow-layer Absorption Compensation Method based on visco-elastic medium model of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: the realization of the continuation algorithm in described step 6 is the parallel algorithm based on MPI message passing mechanism, isomorphism machine pattern.
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| CN112255674A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-01-22 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and system for establishing time-space varying surface layer Q field |
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| CN110554435A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-12-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | method for constructing quality factor body by using micro-logging data |
| CN112255674A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-01-22 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and system for establishing time-space varying surface layer Q field |
| CN110554435B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2024-04-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for constructing quality factor by using micro-logging data |
| CN112415598A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-26 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method and device for establishing quality factor model of near-surface formation |
| CN112285782A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-01-29 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Near-surface seismic wave absorption attenuation investigation method and device |
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