CN111872408B - Powder purification device - Google Patents
Powder purification device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111872408B CN111872408B CN202010844925.XA CN202010844925A CN111872408B CN 111872408 B CN111872408 B CN 111872408B CN 202010844925 A CN202010844925 A CN 202010844925A CN 111872408 B CN111872408 B CN 111872408B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/145—Chemical treatment, e.g. passivation or decarburisation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a powder purifying device, and relates to the technical field of refractory metal purification. The powder purification device comprises: the plasma torch comprises a main quartz tube, a fixed bin and an electromagnetic induction coil, wherein two ends of the main quartz tube are respectively a raw material inlet end and a plasma outlet end, the fixed bin is sleeved outside the main quartz tube at intervals to form a cooling water channel, and the electromagnetic induction coil comprises a coil part and a connecting part which are connected with each other; the inlet end of the reactor is communicated with the plasma outlet end; the vacuumizing mechanism is simultaneously communicated with the tube cavity of the main quartz tube and the inner cavity of the reactor; the gas supply pipeline comprises a working gas supply pipeline, the working gas supply pipeline is communicated with the raw material inlet end to provide working gas, and the working gas is inert gas. The powder purification device can effectively avoid powder ablation while reducing pollution caused by powder, ensure the powder yield and simultaneously ensure that the plasma torch can stably run under high power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of refractory metal purification, in particular to a powder purification device.
Background
Refractory metals generally refer to metals having a melting point above 1650 ℃ and a certain reserve, such as platinum, tungsten, permangana, tantalum, niobium, and the like. These refractory metals have excellent high-temperature mechanical properties as compared with low-melting metals such as aluminum and magnesium. In particular, compared with common industrial materials, the high-purity refractory metal has the advantages of high plasticity, low gassing rate, good erosion resistance, good fatigue resistance, alkali metal vapor resistance, good melt corrosion resistance, good high-temperature creep performance and the like. These excellent properties make it an ideal candidate material for high temperature structural and functional elements in the fields of chemical, electronics, aerospace, atomic energy, weaponry, etc. However, if the refractory metal contains a large amount of impurity elements, such as gaseous impurity elements, other metals, and non-metallic impurity elements, the physical and chemical properties of the refractory metal are adversely affected, and even the failure of the component is directly caused. Therefore, improvement of the purity of the refractory metal is very important.
In many refractory metal purification technologies, the high-frequency induction plasma technology has the advantages of no electrode pollution, large arc area, uniform temperature, capability of providing a pure heat source, no limitation on working media and the like, so that the technology is increasingly applied. The basic principle of purifying refractory metals by this technique is as follows: the high-temperature plasma is generated by the plasma torch to serve as a heat source, the powder raw material containing the refractory metal is further heated, and the impurity elements in the powder raw material are removed by evaporation or sublimation by utilizing the difference of vapor pressure of each impurity element in the powder raw material and the refractory metal, so that the refractory metal with high purity is obtained.
However, for the powder purifying apparatus currently employing the high-frequency induction plasma technique, there are generally the following problems: 1. in order to reduce pollution caused by powder, the vacuum degree of the device is possibly too high when the device is started, but the powder ablation phenomenon is easy to occur at the moment, and the powder yield is influenced; 2. in a plasma torch, since the quartz tube is usually cooled by only one layer of working gas near the inner wall of the quartz tube, the cooling effect depends on the gas amount of the working gas, and the effect is unstable, so that the quartz tube can be burnt by a high-temperature plasma flame flow, which is unfavorable for the stable operation of the plasma torch under high power and also affects the acquisition of a final powder product. Due to the above problems, the large-scale application of purifying refractory metals by high temperature plasma technology is limited.
Based on this, a powder purifying apparatus is needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a powder purifying device, which can effectively avoid powder ablation and ensure the powder yield when reducing pollution caused by powder, and can ensure that a plasma torch can stably run under high power, thereby being beneficial to large-scale application of purifying refractory metals by a high-temperature plasma technology.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A powder purifying apparatus comprising:
the plasma torch comprises a main quartz tube, a fixed bin and an electromagnetic induction coil, wherein two ends of the main quartz tube are respectively a raw material inlet end and a plasma outlet end, the fixed bin is sleeved outside the main quartz tube at intervals to form a cooling water channel, a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are formed in the cooling water channel, the electromagnetic induction coil comprises a coil part and a connecting part connected with the end part of the coil part, the coil part is wound outside the main quartz tube and is positioned in the fixed bin, and the connecting part extends out of the fixed bin to be arranged and connected with the high-frequency power supply;
The inlet end of the reactor is communicated with the plasma outlet end;
the vacuumizing mechanism is simultaneously communicated with the tube cavity of the main quartz tube and the inner cavity of the reactor;
The gas supply pipeline comprises a working gas supply pipeline, the working gas supply pipeline is communicated with the raw material inlet end of the main quartz tube to provide working gas, and the working gas is inert gas.
Optionally, the plasma torch further comprises an inner quartz tube, wherein the inner quartz tube is nested in the main quartz tube at intervals to form a cooling gas channel, and the inner quartz tube is arranged at the raw material inlet end of the plasma torch.
Optionally, along the circumference of the coil part, a heat radiation shielding plate is arranged in the fixing bin outside the coil part, the heat radiation shielding plate is of a hollow structure, a shielding plate cooling water inlet and a shielding plate cooling water outlet are arranged on the heat radiation shielding plate, and the shielding plate cooling water inlet and the shielding plate cooling water outlet are both communicated with a hollow cavity of the heat radiation shielding plate.
Optionally, the powder purifying device further comprises a powder feeding mechanism, the powder feeding mechanism comprises a pneumatic conveying pipeline, a carrier gas inlet and a gas-powder mixture outlet are respectively formed at two ends of the pneumatic conveying pipeline, the gas-powder mixture outlet is communicated with the raw material inlet end of the main quartz tube, a pipe section at the gas-powder mixture outlet in the pneumatic conveying pipeline is a venturi pipe section, and a powder inlet is formed in the pneumatic conveying pipeline between the carrier gas inlet and the gas-powder mixture outlet;
the gas supply line also includes a carrier gas supply line in communication with the carrier gas inlet to provide a carrier gas, and the carrier gas is an inert gas.
Optionally, the powder feeding mechanism further includes:
the blanking hopper is used for blanking powder raw materials;
the inlet end of the powder feeding pipeline is communicated with the outlet end of the discharging hopper, and the outlet end of the powder feeding pipeline is communicated with the powder inlet;
the screw rod is arranged in the powder conveying pipeline to convey the powder raw materials.
Optionally, the powder feeding mechanism further comprises a storage hopper, the powder raw materials are stored in the storage hopper, a purge gas inlet, a protective gas inlet and an exhaust port are formed in the upper portion of the storage hopper, the purge gas inlet is communicated with the carrier gas supply pipeline, and an outlet at the bottom of the storage hopper is communicated with the inlet end of the discharging hopper through a sealing pipeline.
Optionally, the vacuumizing mechanism comprises a first vacuum pump and a second vacuum pump, and the air extraction end of the first vacuum pump is simultaneously communicated with the tube cavity of the main quartz tube and the inner cavity of the reactor, so that the vacuum degree in the tube cavity of the main quartz tube and the inner cavity of the reactor is reduced below a first preset vacuum degree before the plasma torch is ignited;
The air extraction end of the second vacuum pump is communicated with the inner cavity of the reactor, so that the vacuum degree in the inner cavity of the reactor is reduced to be lower than a second preset vacuum degree after the plasma torch is ignited, and the second preset vacuum degree is higher than the first preset vacuum degree.
Optionally, the powder purifying device further comprises a powder collecting mechanism, wherein the powder collecting mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the reactor and is communicated with the outlet end of the reactor so as to collect purified powder.
Optionally, the powder purifying device further includes:
the condenser is communicated with the inner cavity of the reactor through the side wall of the reactor so as to cool the gas flowing out of the reactor;
A gas-solid separation mechanism disposed downstream of the condenser in an outflow direction of the gas to remove solid particles in the gas;
And the gas-liquid separation mechanism is arranged at the downstream of the gas-solid separation mechanism along the outflow direction of the gas so as to remove liquid components in the gas.
Optionally, the powder purifying device further comprises a temperature measuring mechanism, the temperature measuring mechanism comprises a driving piece and a temperature measuring probe, and the output end of the driving piece is in transmission connection with the temperature measuring probe so as to drive the temperature measuring probe to extend into the inner cavity of the reactor to detect the temperature of the plasma flame.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention provides a powder purifying device, which is characterized in that after a main quartz tube and a reactor in a plasma torch are vacuumized to a certain degree by a vacuumizing mechanism, working gas can be introduced into the plasma torch and the reactor through a gas supply pipeline. Because the working gas is inert gas, the device can effectively avoid the pollution of powder in a plasma torch or a reactor without keeping the vacuum degree excessively high, and can effectively avoid the powder ablation and ensure the powder yield. Meanwhile, when the plasma torch operates, cooling water is introduced into the cooling water channel through the cooling water inlet, and the cooled cooling water flows out from the cooling water outlet, so that the main quartz tube can be continuously cooled by using circulating cooling water, the plasma torch can keep stable operation under high power, the final powder product is ensured to be obtained, and the large-scale application of purifying refractory metals by a high-temperature plasma technology is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a powder purifying device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a powder feeding mechanism in a powder purifying device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of a powder feeding mechanism in a powder purifying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a plasma torch in a powder purifying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a plasma torch in a powder purifying apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. A powder feeding mechanism; 11. a storage hopper; 111. a purge gas inlet; 112. a shielding gas inlet; 113. an exhaust port; 12. discharging a hopper; 13. a powder feeding pipeline; 14. a screw rod; 15. pneumatic conveying pipelines; 151. a carrier gas inlet; 152. a powder inlet; 153. a gas-powder mixture outlet; 154. shrinking the pipe section; 155. expanding the pipe section; 16. a driving motor; 17. a powder feeding gun; 171. a cooling water inlet of the powder feeding gun; 172. a powder feeding gun cooling water outlet;
2. A plasma torch; 21. a main quartz tube; 22. an inner quartz tube; 23. a fixed bin; 24. an electromagnetic induction coil; 241. a coil section; 242. a connection part; 243. a coil cooling water inlet; 244. a coil cooling water outlet; 25. a heat radiation shielding plate; 251. a first arcuate plate; 2511. a shield plate cooling water inlet; 252. a second arcuate plate; 2521. a shield plate cooling water outlet; 253. a connecting pipe; 26. a cooling gas passage; 27. a cooling water passage; 271. a cooling water inlet; 272. a cooling water outlet;
3. a high frequency power supply; 4. a cooling water circulation mechanism; 5. a reactor; 6. a powder collection mechanism; 7. a condenser; 8. a gas-solid separation mechanism; 9. a gas-liquid separation mechanism;
10. A first vacuum pump; 20. a water pump; 30. a second vacuum pump; 40. a valve train; 41. a carrier gas supply line; 42. a working gas supply line; 50. a temperature measuring mechanism; 60. and a PLC controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical scheme adopted and the technical effects achieved by the invention more clear, the technical scheme of the invention is further described below by a specific embodiment in combination with the attached drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are orientation or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely for distinguishing between descriptions and not for distinguishing between them.
The embodiment provides a powder purifying device. As shown in fig. 1, the powder purifying apparatus includes a plasma torch 2, a high-frequency power supply 3, a reactor 5, a vacuum-pumping mechanism, and a gas supply line. The plasma torch 2 comprises a main quartz tube 21, a fixed bin 23 and an electromagnetic induction coil 24, wherein the two ends of the main quartz tube 21 are respectively a raw material inlet end and a plasma outlet end, the fixed bin 23 is sleeved outside the main quartz tube 21 at intervals to form a cooling water channel 27, a cooling water inlet 271 and a cooling water outlet 272 are arranged on the cooling water channel 27, the electromagnetic induction coil 24 comprises a coil part 241 and a connecting part 242 connected with the end part of the coil part 241, the coil part 241 is wound outside the main quartz tube 21 and is positioned in the fixed bin 23, and the connecting part 242 extends out of the fixed bin 23 to be arranged and connected with the high-frequency power supply 3. The inlet end of the reactor 5 communicates with the plasma outlet end. The vacuumizing mechanism is communicated with the pipe cavity of the main quartz pipe 21 and the inner cavity of the reactor 5 at the same time so as to vacuumize the pipe cavity of the main quartz pipe 21 or the inner cavity of the reactor 5. The gas supply line includes a working gas supply line 42, the working gas supply line 42 communicates with the raw material inlet end of the main quartz tube 21 to supply working gas, and the working gas is an inert gas.
On the other hand, when the main quartz tube 21 and the reactor 5 are evacuated to a predetermined degree of vacuum by the evacuation mechanism, the working gas may be introduced into the main quartz tube 21 and the reactor 5 through the gas supply line. Since the working gas is inert gas, the powder entering the plasma torch 2 or the reactor 5 can be effectively prevented from being polluted without keeping the device at an excessively high vacuum degree. Meanwhile, as the excessive vacuum degree is not required to be maintained, powder ablation can be effectively avoided, and the powder yield is ensured.
On the other hand, when the plasma torch 2 is in operation, cooling water is introduced into the cooling water channel 27 through the cooling water inlet 271, and the cooled cooling water flows out from the cooling water outlet 272, so that the main quartz tube 21 can be continuously cooled by using circulating cooling water, the main quartz tube 21 is more effectively prevented from being burnt by high-temperature plasma flame flow, and the plasma torch 2 can stably operate under high power.
In this embodiment, the interval between the fixed bin 23 and the main quartz tube 21 is not less than 10mm, so that a sufficient amount of circulating cooling water can be introduced into the cooling water channel 27 to ensure the cooling effect. Further, as shown in fig. 1, a cooling water circulation mechanism 4 is provided in the powder purifying apparatus to supply circulating cooling water and to cool the heated circulating cooling water.
Optionally, to enhance the cooling effect, as shown in fig. 4, the plasma torch 2 further includes an inner quartz tube 22, the inner quartz tube 22 is nested inside the main quartz tube 21 at intervals to form a cooling gas channel 26, and the inner quartz tube 22 is disposed at the raw material inlet end of the plasma torch 2. At this time, part of the working gas may enter the main quartz tube 21 through the cooling gas passage 26, and better cling to the inner wall of the main quartz tube 21 to cool the main quartz tube 21. In this embodiment, the upper end of the main quartz tube 21 is the working gas inlet end, where the inner quartz tube 22 is located. When the working gases in the cooling gas passage 26 flow out, these working gases can also flow into the middle of the main quartz tube 21 and be used again for generating plasma.
Optionally, the fixed bin 23 is a transparent quartz bin, so that an operator can observe the flowing state of the cooling water in the cooling water channel 27, and ensure the normal operation of the water cooling process. Further, an electromagnetic induction coil 24 is integrally provided with the transparent quartz chamber for ease of use. In this embodiment, the transparent quartz chamber is formed by pouring quartz glass, and is integrally provided with the electromagnetic induction coil 24.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, the electromagnetic induction coil 24 is provided in a hollow structure. Specifically, a coil cooling water inlet 243 and a coil cooling water outlet 244 are provided on the electromagnetic induction coil 24, and the coil cooling water inlet 243 and the coil cooling water outlet 244 are each in communication with the hollow cavity of the electromagnetic induction coil 24. At this time, circulating cooling water can be introduced into the hollow cavity of the electromagnetic induction coil 24, so that the main quartz tube 21 and the fixed bin 23 are cooled to a certain extent at the same time, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.
Alternatively, in order to effectively prevent heat generated in the plasma torch 2 from radiating to the surrounding environment, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, a heat radiation shield plate 25 is provided in the fixed bin 23 outside the coil portion 241 in the circumferential direction of the coil portion 241. In this embodiment, the heat radiation shield 25 is provided in a hollow structure, and a shield cooling water inlet 2511 and a shield cooling water outlet 2521 are provided on the heat radiation shield 25, and the shield cooling water inlet 2511 and the shield cooling water outlet 2521 are both in communication with the hollow cavity of the heat radiation shield 25. At this time, circulating cooling water can be introduced into the hollow cavity of the heat radiation shielding plate 25, and the fixing bin 23 is continuously cooled by the circulating cooling water, so that the service life of the fixing bin 23 is effectively prolonged.
In a specific structure, the heat radiation shielding plate 25 includes a first arc plate 251 and a second arc plate 252, and the first arc plate 251 and the second arc plate 252 are disposed on two sides of the coil portion 241 at opposite intervals, so as to prevent interference with the arrangement of the connection portion 242 in the electromagnetic induction coil 24 while playing a role in shielding heat radiation. Further, a shield-plate cooling water inlet 2511 is provided on the first arc plate 251, and a shield-plate cooling water outlet 2521 is provided on the second arc plate 252. And a connection pipe 253 is further provided in the heat radiation shielding plate 25 to connect the hollow cavity of the first arc plate 251 and the hollow cavity of the second arc plate 252, ensuring circulation of cooling water.
Optionally, the powder purifying device further comprises a powder feeding mechanism 1 so as to facilitate conveying the powder raw materials required by the refractory metal purification. As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the powder feeding mechanism 1 includes a pneumatic conveying pipe 15, and both ends of the pneumatic conveying pipe 15 are respectively formed with a carrier gas inlet 151 and a gas-powder mixture outlet 153, and the gas-powder mixture outlet 153 communicates with the raw material inlet end of the main quartz tube 21. And a powder inlet 152 is provided on the pneumatic conveying pipe 15 between the carrier gas inlet 151 and the gas-powder mixture outlet 153. The gas supply line further includes a carrier gas supply line 41, the carrier gas supply line 41 communicates with the carrier gas inlet 151 to supply a carrier gas, and the carrier gas is an inert gas. In this embodiment, the working gas and the carrier gas are argon.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, at the carrier gas inlet 151 in the pneumatic conveying pipe 15, a carrier gas nozzle is also provided to connect the carrier gas supply line 41. Further, a throttling structure is arranged in the carrier gas nozzle so as to accelerate the carrier gas to flow and form supersonic fluid, so that the carrier gas and the powder raw material are mixed more uniformly.
At this time, the powder raw material may be fed into the pneumatic conveying pipe 15 through the powder inlet 152, mixed with the carrier gas in the pneumatic conveying pipe 15, and then flowed along with the carrier gas to the outlet (i.e., the gas-powder mixture outlet 153) of the pneumatic conveying pipe 15, and finally fed into the plasma torch 2. It can be understood that the carrier gas is inert gas, so that the powder raw material can be effectively prevented from being polluted in the conveying process.
In this embodiment, the pipe section at the gas-powder mixture outlet 153 in the pneumatic conveying pipe 15 is a venturi pipe section. Under the action of the venturi tube section, negative pressure can be formed at the outlet of the pneumatic conveying pipeline 15 to generate stronger adsorption force, so that the powder raw material backflow can be effectively avoided, the flow of the carrier gas can be accelerated, and the mixing effect of the carrier gas and the powder raw material can be effectively enhanced.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the venturi section includes a converging section 154 and a diverging section 155, which are disposed in sequence, along the flow direction of the carrier gas. Optionally, the contracted section 154 and the expanded section 155 are removably connected to facilitate cleaning of the apparatus.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the powder feeding mechanism 1 further includes a discharging hopper 12, a powder feeding pipe 13, and a screw 14. Wherein, the blanking hopper 12 is used for blanking the powder raw materials. The inlet end of the powder feeding pipe 13 is communicated with the outlet end of the discharging hopper 12, and the outlet end of the powder feeding pipe 13 is communicated with the powder inlet 152. A screw rod 14 is provided in the powder feeding pipe 13 to feed the powder raw material. Through the cooperation between hob 14 and the powder feeding pipeline 13, can be convenient for realize the closed transportation of powder raw materials, and hob 14 operates steadily, can prevent effectively that the powder raw materials from piling up. In this embodiment, the powder feeding pipe 13 and the screw rod 14 are both horizontally arranged, so as to further ensure the uniformity and stability of feeding.
Further, the outlet direction of the outlet end of the powder feeding pipe 13 is set in the gravity direction so that the powder raw material can fall into the pneumatic conveying pipe 15 by gravity.
In this embodiment, the outlet end of the discharging hopper 12 is connected with the inlet end of the powder feeding pipe 13 and the outlet end of the powder feeding pipe 13 is connected with the powder inlet 152 on the pneumatic conveying pipe 15 through a sealing pipe, so as to prevent the powder raw material from leaking, and simultaneously, effectively reduce the contact between the powder raw material and the outside, and reduce the pollution to the powder raw material as much as possible.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the powder feeding mechanism 1 further includes a driving motor 16, and an output end of the driving motor 16 is in transmission connection with the screw 14 to drive the screw 14 to rotate.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the powder feeding mechanism 1 further includes a storage hopper 11, and the powder raw material is stored in the storage hopper 11. The upper part of the storage hopper 11 is provided with a purge gas inlet 111, a shielding gas inlet 112 and an exhaust port 113, the purge gas inlet 111 is communicated with the carrier gas supply pipeline 41, and the outlet at the bottom of the storage hopper 11 is communicated with the inlet end of the discharging hopper 12 through a sealing pipeline.
At this time, the carrier gas is supplied to the storage hopper 11 through the carrier gas supply line 41 to purge the storage hopper, thereby forming an inert atmosphere. Thereafter, the shielding gas may be introduced into the storage hopper 11 through the shielding gas inlet 112, so as to further prevent the powder raw material in the storage hopper 11 from being polluted.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the powder feeding mechanism 1 further includes a powder feeding gun 17. The inlet end of the powder gun 17 is communicated with the gas-powder mixture outlet 153 on the pneumatic conveying pipeline 15, and the outlet end of the powder gun 17 is communicated with the raw material inlet end of the plasma torch 2, so that powder raw materials can be conveniently introduced into the plasma torch 2.
Further, the powder feeding gun 17 is made of a high temperature resistant metal and is provided with a jacket thereon. The jacket is provided with a powder feeding gun cooling water inlet 171 and a powder feeding gun cooling water outlet 172 for cooling by circulating cooling water. Specifically, the cooling water introduced into the jacket needs to be pressurized to more than 1.7MPa so as to ensure that the cooling water has a sufficiently fast flow rate to perform rapid cooling and avoid gasification of the jacket.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1, the evacuation mechanism includes a first vacuum pump 10 and a second vacuum pump 30. The air extraction end of the first vacuum pump 10 is communicated with the pipe cavity of the main quartz tube 21 and the inner cavity of the reactor 5, so that the vacuum degree in the two chambers is reduced to be lower than a first preset vacuum degree before the plasma torch 2 is ignited, the arcing stability is improved, and the successful ignition is ensured. In this embodiment, the first preset vacuum is-100 Pa.
The pumping end of the second vacuum pump 30 is communicated with the inner cavity of the reactor 5 to drop below a second preset vacuum level after the ignition of the plasma torch 2 is stabilized. Wherein, the second preset vacuum degree is higher than the first preset vacuum degree so as to be beneficial to powder purification. In this embodiment, the second preset vacuum level is between-21 kPa and-61 kPa (calculated with an atmospheric pressure of 101kPa, the absolute pressure value of the second preset vacuum level is 40kPa to 80 kPa).
Alternatively, the first vacuum pump 10 is a rotary vane vacuum pump, which is compact, low in noise and low in vibration. The second vacuum pump 30 is a hydraulic jet pump and is arranged in parallel with the rotary vane vacuum pump. A water pump 20 is also provided in the device, which is associated with the hydro jet pump. Water can be pumped into the throat of the hydro jet pump by the water pump 20 to form a steady negative pressure, ultimately achieving the desired vacuum. Because the structures of the rotary vane vacuum pump and the hydraulic jet pump are all the prior art, the description is omitted here. Of course, in other embodiments, the hydro jet pump may be replaced with a liquid ring vacuum pump.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the powder purifying device further includes a temperature measuring mechanism 50. The temperature measuring mechanism 50 includes a driving member and a temperature measuring probe. The output end of the driving piece is in transmission connection with the temperature measuring probe so as to drive the temperature measuring probe to extend into the inner cavity of the reactor 5 to detect the temperature of the plasma flame, and a favorable reference is provided for maintaining the normal operation of the system. Further, after the plasma flame temperature is measured, the temperature measuring probe can be driven to be quickly retracted through the driving piece, so that the temperature measuring probe is effectively prevented from being burnt.
In this embodiment, the driving member is a pneumatic cylinder. The temperature measuring probe is a water-cooled probe, and can also be effectively prevented from being burnt. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the temperature measuring mechanism 50 is provided in a sealed manner at the connection with the reactor 5 to avoid affecting the normal use of the reactor 5.
Optionally, the power range of the high-frequency power supply 3 is 100KW-2MW and the frequency range is 0.4MHz-13.6MHz, so as to ensure the generation of high-temperature plasma.
In addition, the high-frequency power supply 3 has the following characteristics:
(1) The oscillating part is designed into a three-loop oscillator structure, can realize wide-range power adjustment and can maintain the optimal working state of the electron tube;
(2) A single electron tube is adopted to realize power output;
(3) Grid feedback link inductance coil structural design and partial pressure capacitance configuration: firstly, the feedback signal must be ensured to be 90 degrees different from the signal on the power ring; secondly, the product of the proportion of the voltage dividing capacitor and the amplification factor of the electron tube is kept to be a fixed value; finally, it is necessary to ensure that the capacitance and inductance of the gate link resonate with the capacitance to ground, and the sum of the signals to ground of the link is zero.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the powder purifying device further includes a valve mechanism 40. The valve train 40 is provided with a working gas source and a carrier gas source, and the gas sources are connected with a gas supply pipeline to supply the gas supply pipeline with the required working gas, carrier gas and other gases.
Optionally, to facilitate regulation of the gas supply, as shown in fig. 1, the powder purifying apparatus further includes a PLC controller 60, and the PLC controller 60 is connected to the valve train 40. The supply amount and supply time of the gas such as the working gas can be adjusted by the combined action of the PLC 60 and the valve mechanism 40, and the supply sequence between the working gas and the carrier and other gases can be adjusted, so that the device is very convenient. Specifically, an electric switching valve may be provided at the outlet end of the valve train 40 to control the supply or interruption of the air. At this time, the PLC controller 60 may be communicatively connected to the electric switching valve, so that the control of the gas supply is achieved by controlling the operation of the electric switching valve.
It will be appreciated that the pressure within the chamber of the ion torch 2 and the reactor 5 may also be adjusted to meet the purification requirements of a variety of powder feedstock by adjusting the gas supply to adjust the residence time of the controllable powder feedstock in the plasma torch 2.
In this embodiment, the PLC controller 60 is also connected to the high-frequency power supply 3 and the cooling water circulation mechanism 4 so as to regulate the operation of the high-frequency power supply 3 or the cooling water circulation mechanism 4.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the powder purifying apparatus further includes a powder collecting mechanism 6. The powder collecting mechanism 6 is arranged at the bottom of the reactor 5 and is communicated with the outlet end of the reactor 5 to collect purified powder. Specifically, the powder collecting mechanism 6 may be a powder collecting tank.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the powder purifying apparatus further includes a condenser 7, a gas-solid separation mechanism 8, and a gas-liquid separation mechanism 9. Wherein, condenser 7 communicates with the inner chamber of reactor 5 through the lateral wall of reactor 5 to with the gaseous heat transfer that flows out in the reactor 5, cool down these gases. The gas-solid separation mechanism 8 and the gas-liquid separation mechanism 9 are disposed downstream of the condenser 7 in this order in the outflow direction of the gas. As the gas flows through the gas-solid separation mechanism 8, solid particles in the gas (i.e., particles that do not enter the powder collection mechanism 6) can be effectively removed by the gas-solid separation mechanism 8. Finally, when the gas flows through the gas-liquid separation mechanism 9, the liquid component in the gas can be effectively removed by the gas-liquid separation mechanism 9.
In this embodiment, the gas outlet end of the gas-solid separation mechanism 8 is communicated with the inlet end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism 9, so that the separated gas smoothly enters the gas-liquid separation mechanism 9; the solid outlet end of the gas-solid separation mechanism 8 communicates with an external waste collection mechanism to facilitate the treatment of the separated solid particles. The gas outlet end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism 9 is communicated with the atmosphere, so that the separated gas can be discharged into the atmosphere; the liquid outlet end of the gas-liquid separation mechanism 9 communicates with an external waste collection mechanism to facilitate the treatment of the separated liquid components.
Specifically, the gas-solid separation mechanism 8 may be a cyclone separator, and the gas-liquid separation mechanism 9 may be a gas-liquid separation tank. Because the cyclone separator and the gas-liquid separation tank are all of the prior art, the structure is not described in detail herein.
Specifically, when the electromagnetic induction coil 24 is connected to the high-frequency power supply 3, a variable magnetic field is generated in the main quartz tube 21, so that the working gas entering the main quartz tube 21 is ionized and joule heat is generated, and a high-temperature plasma flame flow is formed. As the powder feedstock flows through the plasma torch 2, it is melted into droplets by the high temperature plasma flame stream and re-enters the cavity of the reactor 5 for cooling. In the process, the impurity elements in the powder raw material can be taken away by gas in the modes of evaporation, sublimation or degassing, and the like, so that the refractory metal can be purified. Finally, the purified refractory metal-containing powder enters the powder collecting mechanism 6, and the impurity-containing gas sequentially flows through the condenser 7, the gas-solid separation mechanism 8 and the gas-liquid separation mechanism 9 and is discharged into the atmosphere.
In addition, taking the actual power of the plasma torch 2 as 100kW as an example, compared with the prior art, the cooling of the plasma torch 2 is effectively improved, so that the center temperature of the plasma torch 2 can be stabilized at 8000-10000K, the powder raw material entering the plasma torch 2 can reach the molten liquid drop state rapidly, the spheroidization rate of the formed powder particles is effectively improved, and the performance of the powder product is finally improved.
In summary, this embodiment provides a powder purification device, through setting up working gas and carrier gas to inert gas, need not to keep too high vacuum when the device starts, when reducing the powder and being polluted the possibility, can effectively avoid the powder to ablate, guarantees the powder yield. Meanwhile, by arranging the cooling gas channel 26 and the cooling water channel 27 on the plasma torch 2, the main quartz tube 21 can be continuously and well cooled, so that the plasma torch 2 can stably run under high power, the final powder product is ensured to be obtained, the large-scale application of purifying refractory metals by a high-temperature plasma technology is very facilitated, and the practicability and the economical efficiency are both higher.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should not be considered as limiting the invention, since modifications may be made in the specific embodiments and application scope of the invention in light of the teachings of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A powder purification apparatus, comprising:
The plasma torch (2) comprises a main quartz tube (21), a fixed bin (23) and an electromagnetic induction coil (24), wherein two ends of the main quartz tube (21) are respectively a raw material inlet end and a plasma outlet end, the fixed bin (23) is sleeved outside the main quartz tube (21) at intervals to form a cooling water channel (27), a cooling water inlet (271) and a cooling water outlet (272) are arranged on the cooling water channel (27), the electromagnetic induction coil (24) comprises a coil part (241) and a connecting part (242) connected to the end part of the coil part (241), the coil part (241) is wound outside the main quartz tube (21) and is positioned in the fixed bin (23), and the connecting part (242) extends out of the fixed bin (23) to be connected with the high-frequency power supply (3);
A reactor (5), the inlet end of the reactor (5) is communicated with the outlet end of the plasma torch (2);
The vacuumizing mechanism is simultaneously communicated with the tube cavity of the main quartz tube (21) and the inner cavity of the reactor (5);
a gas supply line including a working gas supply line (42), the working gas supply line (42) communicating with the raw material inlet end of the main quartz tube (21) to supply a working gas, and the working gas being an inert gas;
The plasma torch (2) further comprises an inner quartz tube (22), wherein the inner quartz tube (22) is nested in the main quartz tube (21) at intervals to form a cooling gas channel (26), and the inner quartz tube (22) is arranged at the raw material inlet end of the plasma torch (2);
A heat radiation shielding plate (25) is arranged in the fixed bin (23) outside the coil part (241) along the circumferential direction of the coil part (241), the heat radiation shielding plate (25) is of a hollow structure, a shielding plate cooling water inlet (2511) and a shielding plate cooling water outlet (2521) are arranged on the heat radiation shielding plate (25), and the shielding plate cooling water inlet (2511) and the shielding plate cooling water outlet (2521) are communicated with a hollow cavity of the heat radiation shielding plate (25);
The powder purifying device further comprises a powder conveying mechanism (1), the powder conveying mechanism (1) comprises a pneumatic conveying pipeline (15), a carrier gas inlet (151) and a gas-powder mixture outlet (153) are formed at two ends of the pneumatic conveying pipeline (15), the gas-powder mixture outlet (153) is communicated with the raw material inlet end of the main quartz tube (21), a pipe section at the gas-powder mixture outlet (153) in the pneumatic conveying pipeline (15) is a venturi pipe section, and a powder inlet (152) is formed in the pneumatic conveying pipeline (15) between the carrier gas inlet (151) and the gas-powder mixture outlet (153);
The gas supply line further includes a carrier gas supply line (41), the carrier gas supply line (41) communicates with the carrier gas inlet (151) to supply a carrier gas, and the carrier gas is an inert gas.
2. The powder purifying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the powder feeding mechanism (1) further includes:
a discharging hopper (12) for discharging the powder raw materials;
The powder feeding pipeline (13), the inlet end of the powder feeding pipeline (13) is communicated with the outlet end of the discharging hopper (12), and the outlet end of the powder feeding pipeline (13) is communicated with the powder inlet (152);
The screw rod (14) is arranged in the powder conveying pipeline (13) to convey the powder raw materials.
3. The powder purifying device according to claim 2, wherein the powder feeding mechanism (1) further comprises a storage hopper (11), the powder raw material is stored in the storage hopper (11), a purge gas inlet (111), a shielding gas inlet (112) and an exhaust port (113) are formed in the upper portion of the storage hopper (11), the purge gas inlet (111) is communicated with the carrier gas supply pipeline (41), and an outlet at the bottom of the storage hopper (11) is communicated with the inlet end of the discharging hopper (12) through a sealing pipeline.
4. The powder purifying device according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum pumping mechanism comprises a first vacuum pump (10) and a second vacuum pump (30), and the pumping end of the first vacuum pump (10) is simultaneously communicated with the pipe cavity of the main quartz pipe (21) and the inner cavity of the reactor (5) so as to reduce the vacuum degree in the pipe cavity of the main quartz pipe (21) and the inner cavity of the reactor (5) to be lower than a first preset vacuum degree before the plasma torch (2) is ignited;
The air extraction end of the second vacuum pump (30) is communicated with the inner cavity of the reactor (5) so as to reduce the vacuum degree in the inner cavity of the reactor (5) to be lower than a second preset vacuum degree after the plasma torch (2) is ignited, and the second preset vacuum degree is higher than the first preset vacuum degree.
5. The powder purifying apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a powder collecting mechanism (6), wherein the powder collecting mechanism (6) is provided at the bottom of the reactor (5) and communicates with an outlet end of the reactor (5) to collect the purified powder.
6. The powder purifying apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:
The condenser (7) is communicated with the inner cavity of the reactor (5) through the side wall of the reactor (5) so as to cool the gas flowing out of the reactor (5);
a gas-solid separation mechanism (8), the gas-solid separation mechanism (8) being disposed downstream of the condenser (7) in an outflow direction of the gas to remove solid particles in the gas;
and the gas-liquid separation mechanism (9) is arranged at the downstream of the gas-solid separation mechanism (8) along the outflow direction of the gas so as to remove liquid components in the gas.
7. The powder purifying device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a temperature measuring mechanism (50), wherein the temperature measuring mechanism (50) comprises a driving member and a temperature measuring probe, and an output end of the driving member is in transmission connection with the temperature measuring probe so as to drive the temperature measuring probe to extend into an inner cavity of the reactor (5) to detect the temperature of the plasma flame.
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