CN111574293A

CN111574293A - Special fertilizer containing all-nitrogen for rice and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111574293A
Application number: CN202010329524.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨新正; 李云利; 周时怡
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-04-20
Filing date: 2020-04-20
Publication date: 2020-08-25

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fertilizer containing total nitrogen for paddy rice and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-25% of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 3-5% of ammonia water, 20-35% of urea, 20-28% of monoammonium phosphate, 8-20% of potassium chloride, 5-10% of bean cake fertilizer and 3-6% of medium trace elements. The preparation method adopts a granulation technology of a granulation method, utilizes the viscosity of urea nitrate and ammonium phosphate solution as liquid phase quantity to complete granulation, utilizes ammonia water to ammoniate the ammonium phosphate to prevent excessive urea nitrate from being generated in the granulation process, and adopts a secondary drying system to prevent the ammonium phosphate and urea from generating secondary reaction due to high drying temperature. The product utilizes different nitrogen elements to release for different time, reduces nutrient loss and environmental pollution caused by excessive release of nitrogen elements, and utilizes organic matters and medium and trace elements to improve soil and improve the yield and quality of rice.

Description

Special fertilizer containing all-nitrogen for rice and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a compound fertilizer, in particular to a special fertilizer containing all-nitrogen for rice and a preparation method thereof.

Background

At present, a compound fertilizer is mainly prepared by mixing basic fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, such as urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and the like, adding viscous fillers, such as attapulgite, clay and the like, at a certain temperature and liquid phase amount in a granulator, agglomerating into granules, drying, cooling and screening to prepare a compound fertilizer product. The production technology of the compound fertilizer is a production method widely used in China, the production process is simple, the operation is easy to master, but the product has single nitrogen element source, and a large amount of nitrogen nutrient is released intensively and quickly at the initial stage of application, so that the loss is caused by leaching, decomposition and volatilization, serious soil, air and water pollution is caused, the waste of the fertilizer is caused, and the field planting cost of farmers is increased.

Aiming at the problems, the method develops the full-state nitrogen-containing fertilizer applied to different crops, and reasonably provides nitrogen elements, medium trace elements and organic matters according to the requirements of different crops, thereby being an effective way for realizing the high-efficiency utilization of the fertilizer, reducing the investment, protecting the environment and improving the soil.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a special fertilizer containing total nitrogen for paddy, wherein the product contains total nitrogen such as organic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and amide nitrogen, the total nitrogen contains quick-acting nitrogen and slow-release nitrogen, the release time of different nitrogen is different, the nutrient loss and environmental pollution caused by too much release of nitrogen nutrients and incapability of being absorbed by crops in the same period are reduced, and the nutrient utilization rate is higher.

The invention also aims to complete ammoniation of ammonium nitrate phosphorus in the melting process by adding ammonia water, prevent excessive urea nitrate from being generated in the granulation process, ensure that the production can not be normally carried out and solve the technical problem that urea and nitrate nitrogen materials can not be mixed.

The invention further aims to improve the soil environment through organic matters and medium and trace elements.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a fertilizer containing total nitrogen special for rice comprises, by mass, 15% -25% of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 3% -5% of ammonia water, 20% -35% of urea, 20% -28% of monoammonium phosphate, 8% -20% of potassium chloride, 5% -10% of bean cake fertilizer and 3% -6% of medium trace elements.

The raw material containing organic nitrogen is bean cake fertilizer, the raw material containing nitrate nitrogen is ammonium phosphate, the raw material containing ammonium nitrogen is ammonium phosphate (containing nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen), monoammonium phosphate and ammonia water, and the raw material containing amide nitrogen is urea.

The mass ratio of the ammonium phosphate nitrate to the ammonia water is 5: 1, urea nitrate generated by the reaction of the ammonium phosphate nitrate and the urea in the granulation process has high viscosity, and granulation without fillers can be realized, but if excessive urea nitrate is generated by reaction, the materials are muddy, and the production cannot be normally carried out, so that the ammonium phosphate nitrate needs to be aminated to control the quality of the generated urea nitrate, and a large number of experiments are carried out, and the use effect of the mass ratio of the ammonium phosphate nitrate to the ammonia water is optimal, namely 5: 1.

The medium trace elements are two combinations of zinc sulfate and sepiolite powder.

The preparation method of the special fertilizer containing all-nitrogen for rice is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) preparation of bean cake fertilizer (for use)

1.1, crushing the bean cakes to be less than 1mm, adding rice bran accounting for 3-5 percent of the mass of the bean cakes and a zymogen accounting for 0.4-0.5 percent of the mass of the bean cakes, uniformly mixing, and covering for 10-12 hours by using a film;

1.2, adjusting the water content to ensure that the water content of the mixed material for fermentation reaches 50-60 percent;

1.3 piling the mixed material with the adjusted moisture content into a wedge-shaped pile body with the width of 2m, the height of 1.5m and the proper length;

1.4 when the temperature of the stack body reaches 70 ℃ and is continuously maintained for 48 hours, turning the stack;

1.5 piling and fermenting for 12-15 days to prepare the bean cake fertilizer;

(2) adding the measured ammonium phosphate nitrate and ammonia water into a melting tank, controlling the temperature of the melting tank to be 155-165 ℃, and mixing for 30-35min to complete ammoniation of the ammonium phosphate nitrate and preparation of an ammonium phosphate solution;

(3) adding metered urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, medium trace elements and the bean cake fertilizer prepared in the step (1) into a rotary drum granulator through a microcomputer batching system, atomizing the ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution prepared in the step (2), spraying the atomized ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution into materials in the rotary drum granulator, completing the material granulation process by using the ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution as a liquid phase amount and using the viscosity of urea nitrate generated by the reaction of ammonium nitrate phosphorus and urea, and controlling the material temperature in the rotary drum granulator to be 60-65 ℃ and the granulation time to be 6-8 min;

(4) after granulation, the material enters a primary dryer, the inlet temperature of the primary dryer is controlled at 105-;

(5) controlling the inlet temperature of the secondary dryer at 85-95 ℃ and drying for 30-35 min;

(6) after drying, respectively carrying out coarse screening and fine screening, wherein the diameter of a screen hole of the coarse screen is 4.5mm, the diameter of a screen hole of the fine screen is 2.0mm, particles with the diameter of more than 4.5mm after coarse screening are crushed by a crusher, powder materials with the diameter of less than 2.0mm after fine screening are returned to a rotary drum granulator, and qualified products enter a cooling machine;

(7) and (4) the qualified product after being cooled for 30-35min enters a wrapping machine, and is packaged after anti-caking treatment.

The fermentation bacteria agent is Em bacteria.

The drying procedure adopts secondary drying treatment, can reduce the drying temperature, prolong the drying time, and prevent the secondary reaction of ammonium phosphate and urea in the dryer due to high drying temperature, so that the production can not be normally carried out.

Compared with the prior art, the special fertilizer containing all-nitrogen for rice and the preparation method thereof have the following advantages:

1. the product contains all-state nitrogen: organic nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and amide nitrogen, wherein the nitrate nitrogen and the ammonium nitrogen are quick-acting nitrogen, the organic nitrogen and the amide nitrogen are slow-release nitrogen. After the fertilizer is applied to soil, nitrate nitrogen starts to be released in 5-7 days, ammonium nitrogen starts to be released in 10-15 days, amide nitrogen starts to be released in 15 days, and organic nitrogen starts to be released in 25 days, so that the nutrient loss is reduced, and the nutrient utilization rate is improved.

2. The viscosity of the urea nitrate is used as a liquid phase required by granulation, so that soilless granulation is realized, and the cost of raw materials is reduced.

3. Ammoniating ammonium nitrate phosphorus by ammonia water, controlling the quality of the generated urea nitrate, and solving the technical problem that the urea and nitrate nitrogen materials can not be mixed.

4. The product has reasonable proportion and contains sulfur, zinc, silicon and magnesium elements required by the growth of rice.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a fertilizer containing total nitrogen special for rice.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:

as shown in figure 1, the fertilizer special for rice containing total nitrogen comprises, by mass, 15% -25% of ammonium nitrate phosphorus, 3% -5% of ammonia water, 20% -35% of urea, 20% -28% of monoammonium phosphate, 8% -20% of potassium chloride, 5% -10% of bean cake fertilizer and 3% -6% of medium trace elements.

The raw material containing organic nitrogen is bean cake fertilizer, the raw material containing nitrate nitrogen is ammonium phosphate, the raw material containing ammonium nitrogen is ammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate and ammonia water, and the raw material containing amide nitrogen is urea.

The mass ratio of the ammonium nitrate phosphorus to the ammonia water is 5: 1.

(1) preparation of bean cake fertilizer (for use)

1.5 piling and fermenting for 12-15 days to prepare the bean cake fertilizer;

The fermentation bacteria agent is Em bacteria.

The drying process adopts secondary drying treatment.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:

example 1: the product proportion is 22-13-10, taking the consumption quota of 1 ton of product raw materials as an example:

the specific production flow is as follows:

(1) preparation of soybean cake fertilizer

Crushing 10 tons of bean cakes (in percentage by mass, the same below) to below 1mm, adding 400 kilograms of rice bran and 40 kilograms of Em bacteria, uniformly mixing, and covering with a film for 10 hours; adjusting the water content to ensure that the water content of the mixed material for fermentation reaches 55 percent, and piling the mixed material into a wedge-shaped pile body with the width of 2m, the height of 1.5m and the proper length; turning the pile when the temperature of the pile reaches 70 ℃ and continuously maintaining for 48 hours; stacking and fermenting for 13 days to obtain the bean cake fertilizer with 7 percent of organic nitrogen and 60 percent of organic matter;

(2) adding 220 kg of measured ammonium phosphate nitrate (containing 15% of nitrate nitrogen, 17% of ammonium nitrogen and 25% of P2O 54%) and 44 kg of ammonia water (containing 25% of ammonium nitrogen) into a melting tank, controlling the temperature of the melting tank at 160 ℃, and mixing for 32 min;

(3) utilizing compound fertilizer production equipment adopting a granulation method, adding 238 kg of metered urea (containing 46.2% of amide nitrogen), 226 kg of monoammonium phosphate (containing 11% of ammonium nitrogen and 554% of P2O), 162 kg of potassium chloride (containing K2O 62%), 20 kg of zinc sulfate (containing S and Zn), 20 kg of sepiolite powder (containing Si and Mg) and 70 kg of bean cake fertilizer (containing 7% of organic nitrogen and 60% of organic matters) prepared in the step (1) into a rotary drum granulator through a microcomputer batching system, atomizing the ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution prepared in the step (2), and spraying the atomized ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution into materials in the rotary drum granulator to complete material granulation, wherein the material temperature in the rotary drum granulator is controlled at 60 ℃, and the granulation time is 7 min;

(4) the granulated material enters a primary dryer, the inlet temperature of the primary dryer is controlled at 110 ℃, and the granulated material is dried for 30min and enters a secondary dryer;

(5) the inlet temperature of the secondary dryer is controlled at 85 ℃, and the drying time is 32 min;

(6) respectively sieving after drying, crushing granules with the particle size of more than 4.5mm after coarse sieving by a crusher, returning powdery materials with the particle size of less than 2.0mm after fine sieving to a rotary drum granulator, and feeding qualified products to a cooler;

(7) and (4) the qualified product after being cooled for 32min enters a wrapping machine, and is packaged after anti-caking treatment to obtain the special fertilizer containing all nitrogen for rice, wherein the grain size of the fertilizer is 2-4.5 mm. The product contains 22.12-13.08-10.04% of N-P2O5-K2O, wherein the content of organic nitrogen is 0.49%, the content of nitrate nitrogen is 3.30%, the content of ammonium nitrogen is 7.33%, the content of amide nitrogen is 11.00%, the content of organic matters is 4.20%, the product contains medium trace elements of S, Zn, Si and Mg, the water content is 1.5%, the strength is 17N, and the particles are smooth and round.

Example 2: the product proportion is 25-14-6, taking the consumption quota of 1 ton of product raw materials as an example:

the specific production flow is as follows:

(1) preparation of soybean cake fertilizer

Crushing 10 tons of bean cakes (in percentage by mass, the same below) to below 1mm, adding 400 kilograms of rice bran and 50 kilograms of Em bacteria, uniformly mixing, and covering with a film for 11 hours; adjusting the water content to ensure that the water content of the mixed material for fermentation reaches 55 percent, and piling the mixed material into a wedge-shaped pile body with the width of 2m, the height of 1.5m and the proper length; turning the pile when the temperature of the pile reaches 70 ℃ and continuously maintaining for 48 hours; stacking and fermenting for 15 days to obtain the bean cake fertilizer with 7 percent of organic nitrogen and 60 percent of organic matter;

(2) adding 180 kg of measured ammonium phosphate nitrate (containing 15% of nitrate nitrogen, 17% of ammonium nitrogen and 25% of P2O 54%) and 36 kg of ammonia water (containing 25% of ammonium nitrogen) into a melting tank, controlling the temperature of the melting tank at 155 ℃, and mixing for 32 min;

(3) utilizing compound fertilizer production equipment adopting a granulation method, adding 330 kg of metered urea (containing 46.2% of amide nitrogen), 248 kg of monoammonium phosphate (containing 11% of ammonium nitrogen and P2O 554%), 98 kg of potassium chloride (containing K2O 62%), 20 kg of zinc sulfate (containing S and Zn), 28 kg of sepiolite powder (containing Si and Mg) and 60 kg of bean cake fertilizer (containing 7% of organic nitrogen and 60% of organic matters) prepared in the step (1) into a rotary drum granulator through a microcomputer batching system, atomizing the ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution prepared in the step (2) and spraying the atomized ammonium nitrate phosphorus solution into materials in the rotary drum granulator to complete material granulation, wherein the material temperature in the rotary drum granulator is controlled at 60 ℃, and the granulation time is 7.5 min;

(4) feeding the granulated material into a primary dryer, controlling the inlet temperature of the primary dryer at 105 ℃, drying for 35min, and feeding the dried material into a secondary dryer;

(7) and (4) the qualified product after being cooled for 35min enters a wrapping machine, and is packaged after anti-caking treatment to obtain the special fertilizer containing all nitrogen for rice, wherein the grain size of the fertilizer is 2-4.5 mm. The product contains 25.06% -14.11% -6.08% of N-P2O5-K2O, wherein the content of organic nitrogen is 0.42%, the content of nitrate nitrogen is 2.70%, the content of ammonium nitrogen is 6.69%, the content of amide nitrogen is 15.25%, the content of organic matters is 3.60%, the product contains medium trace elements of S, Zn, Si and Mg, the water content is 1.7%, the strength is 15N, and the particles are smooth and round.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The fertilizer containing total nitrogen special for rice is characterized in that ammonium phosphate accounts for 15-25% of the total input raw material amount by mass, ammonia water accounts for 3-5% of the total input raw material amount by mass, urea accounts for 20-35% of the total input raw material amount by mass, monoammonium phosphate accounts for 20-28% of the total input raw material amount by mass, potassium chloride accounts for 8-20% of the total input raw material amount by mass, bean cake fertilizer accounts for 5-10% of the total input raw material amount by mass, and medium trace elements account for 3-6% of the total input raw material amount by mass.

2. The fertilizer containing total nitrogen for paddy rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw material containing organic nitrogen is soybean cake fertilizer, the raw material containing nitrate nitrogen is ammonium phosphate, the raw material containing ammonium nitrogen is ammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate and ammonia water, and the raw material containing amide nitrogen is urea.

3. The fertilizer containing all-nitrogen special for paddy rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of ammonium nitrate phosphorus to ammonia water is 5: 1.

4. The fertilizer containing all-nitrogen special for paddy rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the medium trace element is a combination of zinc sulfate and sepiolite powder.

5. The preparation method of the fertilizer containing total nitrogen specially used for paddy rice according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparation of bean cake fertilizer (for use)

1.5 piling and fermenting for 12-15 days to prepare the bean cake fertilizer;

6. The method for preparing fertilizer containing total nitrogen specially used for paddy rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein the zymophyte agent is Em bacteria.

7. The method for preparing fertilizer containing total nitrogen specially used for paddy rice as claimed in claim 5, wherein the drying process adopts secondary drying treatment.