CN111543545A - A feed additive, diet and application for relieving liver damage of dairy cows - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of animal nutrition and diet science, and provides a feed additive for relieving liver damage of dairy cows, a diet and application thereof. The feed additive includes lycopene and silymarin. The feed additive provided by the present invention can alleviate the liver damage caused by the imbalance of metabolic stress-oxidative stress-immune stress in dairy cows during the perinatal period, thereby reducing the production performance and reproductive performance. In the present invention, lycopene and silymarin are used as feed additives as the focus of alleviating the liver damage of dairy cows, so that the feed additives provided by the invention can effectively improve the metabolic performance of dairy cows, maintain the redox balance in the body of dairy cows, and reduce the incidence of metabolic diseases and liver damage in dairy cows rate, and improve the milk production of dairy cows and increase the economic benefits of farmers.

Description

A feed additive, diet and application for relieving liver damage of dairy cows

technical field

The present invention relates to the field of animal nutrition and feed science, in particular to a feed additive, ration and application for alleviating liver damage of dairy cows.

Background technique

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, dairy products have become an indispensable product in our daily life, and therefore higher requirements have been placed on the quality and quantity of dairy products. In the past ten years, the milk production of dairy cows has increased rapidly. Therefore, while improving the level of feeding and management as soon as possible, it is necessary to take into account the optimization technology of dairy cow diet nutrition. Only by closely combining the two can high-yielding dairy cows exert greater lactation potential and allow farmers to obtain greater economic benefits.

However, dairy cows are prone to metabolic stress-oxidative stress and immune stress imbalance in the late perinatal period, which will have a serious impact on the health of dairy cows. For example, excessive fat mobilization increases ketone bodies (BHBA) in the blood, which leads to nutritional and metabolic disorders, which leads to liver lesions of dairy cows, which in turn leads to the deterioration of the body of dairy cows. The deteriorating physical condition will not only affect the normal changes in the udder structure of dairy cows during lactation, causing mastitis, which will reduce the production of dairy cows, but also increase the cost of treatment and reduce economic benefits for farmers.

However, in view of the above-mentioned situation, in the prior art, the treatment cost for dairy cows with liver damage in the late perinatal period is relatively high, and the effect is not good. Therefore, prevention is the main method, and the methods are mostly glucose injection, oral niacin or choline. , injection of adrenocortical hormones, etc., but the above methods are still accompanied by adverse reactions such as decreased milk production and impact on feed intake.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a feed additive, ration and application for alleviating liver damage of dairy cows. The feed additive provided by the present invention can effectively relieve the liver damage caused by the imbalance of metabolic stress-oxidative stress and immune stress, and improve the health status and production performance of dairy cows.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A feed additive for alleviating liver damage in dairy cows, including lycopene and silymarin.

Preferably, the feed additive is provided in the form of a coating; the coating layer of the coating is bran;

The mass ratio of lycopene, silymarin and bran is 3-4:6-7:100.

The present invention also provides a diet for alleviating liver damage of dairy cows, including the above-mentioned feed additive and basic diet.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the feed additive and the basic diet is 4-10:2000-3500.

Preferably, the basal ration includes: corn silage, alfalfa, oat grass, corn, cottonseed, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, distiller's grains protein feed (DDGS), molasses, sodium bicarbonate and premix.

Preferably, in parts by mass, the basic diet includes: 25-35 parts of corn silage, 5-10 parts of alfalfa, 10-25 parts of oat grass, 20-30 parts of corn, 1-6 parts of cottonseed, and 1 part of cottonseed meal. ~6 parts, 1-8 parts of soybean meal, 0-10 parts of DDGS, 1-3 parts of molasses, 0.5-1 part of sodium bicarbonate and 3-5 parts of premix; the feed additive is 40-100g/d/cow .

Preferably, when the diet is used as a pre-perinatal diet for dairy cows, the basic diet consists of: 28-33 parts of corn silage, 6-10 parts of alfalfa, 20-24 parts of oat grass, and 20-24 parts of corn , 2-5 parts of cottonseed, 2-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 3-6 parts of soybean meal, 1-2 parts of molasses, 0.5-1 part of sodium bicarbonate and 3-5 parts of premix; the feed additive is 40-60g /d/cow.

Preferably, when the ration is used as a perinatal ration for dairy cows, the basic ration consists of: 26-35 parts of corn silage, 6-10 parts of alfalfa, 10-15 parts of oat grass, 23-27 parts of corn, 3-6 parts of cottonseed, 3-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 3-8 parts of soybean meal, 6-10 parts of DDGS, 1-2 parts of molasses, 0.5-1 part of sodium bicarbonate and 3-5 parts of premix; the feed The additive is 80～100g/d/ cattle.

The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned ration in the feeding of dairy cows.

Preferably, when the ration is used for feeding dairy cows in the early perinatal period, the feeding amount is 18-25 kg/d/head; when the ration is used for feeding dairy cows in the late perinatal period, the feeding amount It is 30-40kg/d/head; the feeding amount is based on the amount of dry matter.

The present invention provides a feed additive for alleviating liver damage of dairy cows, comprising lycopene and silymarin. The feed additive provided by the present invention can alleviate the liver damage caused by the imbalance of metabolic stress-oxidative stress and immune stress in dairy cows in the late perinatal period, thereby reducing the production performance and body health. In the present invention, lycopene and silymarin are used as feed additives as the focus of alleviating the liver damage of dairy cows, so that the feed additives provided by the invention can effectively improve the metabolic performance of dairy cows, maintain the redox balance in the body of dairy cows, and reduce the incidence of metabolic diseases and liver damage in dairy cows rate, and improve the milk production and body health of dairy cows, increase the life of dairy cows and the economic benefits of farmers. The results of the examples show that the milk production of the cows in the perinatal period can be increased by up to 9.2% after eating the feed additive provided by the present invention; the damaged liver function can also be alleviated, and the content of ketone bodies during feeding It can be reduced by 61.5%; at the same time, it can reduce the content of malondialdehyde in the blood of dairy cows by 26.3%.

Detailed ways

The present invention provides a feed additive for alleviating liver damage of dairy cows, comprising lycopene and silymarin.

In the present invention, the mass ratio of lycopene and silymarin in the feed additive is preferably 3-4:6-7, more preferably 3.75:6.25; in the present invention, the purity of lycopene is preferably ≥ 80%. The present invention has no special requirements on the sources of the lycopene and silymarin, and those known to those skilled in the art can be used. The invention mixes and matches lycopene and silymarin with the diets of dairy cows in different physiological stages, which can regulate the body metabolism of dairy cows in the perinatal period, reduce the metabolic stress and oxidative stress of the body, improve the immune function of the body, and reduce the metabolic disease and infection of the dairy cows. disease incidence, improve milk production and health status of dairy cows, increase the life of dairy cows and the economic benefits of farmers; especially, the use of lycopene and silymarin in a specific ratio makes the feed additive more beneficial to dairy cows in the postpartum period. Body metabolism is regulated. Lycopene and silymarin can also replace the use of feed antibiotics or other growth-promoting feed additives in the dairy cow breeding process, reducing the amount of antibiotics used for the treatment of disease morbidity. - Nutritional and metabolic diseases and infectious diseases caused by the imbalance of oxidative stress-immune stress, improve the health status and production performance of dairy cows and play a multiplier effect, and at the same time, it can also replace and reduce the use of antibiotics, thereby reducing milk and meat products. The role of antibiotic residues in the body is of great significance for ensuring the health of cattle, the safety of drinking milk, and the health of human beings.

In the present invention, the feed additive is preferably provided in the form of a coating; the coating layer of the coating is preferably bran; the mass ratio of lycopene, silymarin and bran in the coating is preferably It is 3-4:6-7:100; More preferably, it is 3.75:6.25:100.

In the present invention, when the feed additive is in the form of a coating, the preparation method of the coating preferably includes: stirring and mixing the bran, lycopene and silymarin to obtain a coating in the form of Feed additives. In the present invention, the stirring and mixing time is preferably 15-25 min, and the stirring and mixing speed is preferably 100-300 rpm.

The present invention utilizes the physical properties between lycopene and silymarin during the stirring and mixing process to achieve uniform coating of lycopene and silymarin in the bran, thereby reducing the smell of lycopene and silymarin, thereby reducing the ration of lycopene and silymarin. The effect of odor on the palatability and feed intake of dairy cows can also prevent the degradation of lycopene and silymarin in the rumen, and ensure that the additives can smoothly reach the intestinal tract of dairy cows through the rumen, so that lycopene and silymarin are in the intestinal tract and blood of dairy cows. Play anti-metabolic stress-oxidative stress-immune stress effects and protect the liver.

After mixing and stirring, the present invention preferably wraps the coating with tinfoil; the coating obtained by wrapping is stored in light-proof. The present invention has no special requirements for the specific implementation of light-shielding storage, and a method well-known to those skilled in the art can be used; in the embodiment of the present invention, it can be stored in a light-shielding container such as a barrel or a kraft paper bag. .

The present invention also provides a diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows, comprising the feed additive and basic diet described in the above technical solution. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the feed additive and the basic diet is preferably 4-10:2000-3500, more preferably 4-6:2000 or 8-10:3500; when the diet is used for perinatal production In the early stage, the mass ratio of feed additives and basal rations was adjusted to 4-6:2000, and when the ration was used in the late perinatal period, the mass ratio of feed additives and basal rations was adjusted to 8-10:3500. The present invention adjusts different dosages of feed additives according to different physiological stages of dairy cows, further relieves liver damage caused by metabolic stress-oxidative stress-immune stress, and improves the health status and production performance of dairy cows.

In the present invention, the basal ration preferably comprises: corn silage, alfalfa, oat grass, corn, cottonseed, cottonseed, soybean meal, DDGS, molasses, sodium bicarbonate and premix.

Unless otherwise specified, the present invention has no special requirements on the source of each component, and commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art can be used.

In parts by mass, the basal diet in the diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows provided by the present invention preferably includes 25-35 parts of corn silage, more preferably 26-35 parts or 28-33 parts.

Based on the mass parts of the corn silage, the basic diet in the diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows provided by the present invention includes 5-10 parts of alfalfa, more preferably 6-10 parts.

Based on the mass parts of the corn silage, the basic diet in the diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows provided by the present invention includes 10-25 parts of oat grass, more preferably 10-15 parts or 20-24 parts.

Based on the mass parts of the corn silage, the basic diet in the diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows provided by the present invention includes 20-30 parts of corn, more preferably 20-27 parts or 20-24 parts.

Based on the mass part of corn silage, the basic ration in the diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows provided by the present invention includes 1-6 parts of cottonseed, more preferably 3-6 parts or 2-5 parts.

Based on the mass part of corn silage, the basic ration in the diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows provided by the present invention includes 1-6 parts of cottonseed meal, more preferably 2-5 parts or 3-5 parts.

Based on the mass part of corn silage, the basic ration in the diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows provided by the present invention includes 1-8 parts of soybean meal, more preferably 3-8 parts or 3-6 parts.

Based on the mass part of corn silage, the basic ration in the diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows provided by the present invention includes 0-10 parts of DDGS, more preferably 6-10 parts or 0 part.

Based on the mass part of corn silage, the basic ration in the diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows provided by the present invention includes 1-3 parts of molasses, more preferably 1-2 parts.

Based on the mass part of corn silage, the basic diet of the diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows provided by the present invention includes 0.5-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, more preferably 0.5-1 part.

Based on the mass of corn silage, the ration provided by the present invention includes 3-5 parts of premix. The premix provided by the present invention preferably comprises mineral elements calcium 0.3-0.5 g, phosphorus 0.2-0.6 g, sodium 0.1-0.5 g, magnesium 0.2-0.5 g, copper 5-10 mg, zinc 26-32 mg, and manganese 13-10 mg per kilogram. 21mg, cobalt 0.1～0.5mg, iodine 0.6～1.0mg, selenium 0.2～0.5mg, vitamin A 3000～6000IU/kg, vitamin D 500～600IU/kg and vitamin E 15～30mg/kg.

The ration provided by the present invention includes the feed additive described in the foregoing technical solutions. When the ration is used as the perinatal ration for dairy cows, the dosage of the feed additive is preferably 40-60 g/d/cow, more preferably 50 g /d/cow; when the ration is used as the perinatal ration for dairy cows, the dosage of the feed additive is preferably 80-100 g/d/cow, more preferably 90 g/d/cow.

The present invention also provides the application of the ration described in the above technical solution in the feeding of dairy cows. The present invention preferably uses the diet for feeding perinatal cows.

When the ration is used for feeding dairy cows in the early perinatal period, the feeding amount of the ration is preferably 18-25 kg/d/head (in terms of dry matter), more preferably 19-20 kg/d /head (quantity of dry matter). In parts by mass, the composition of the basic diet is preferably: 28-33 parts of corn silage, 6-10 parts of alfalfa, 20-24 parts of oat grass, 20-24 parts of corn, 2-5 parts of cottonseed, and 2 parts of cottonseed meal. ~5 parts, 3-6 parts of soybean meal, 1-2 parts of molasses, 0.5-1 part of sodium bicarbonate and 3-5 parts of premix, more preferably 30 parts of corn silage, 8 parts of alfalfa, 22 parts of oat grass, corn 22 parts, 3 parts cottonseed, 5 parts soybean meal, 3 parts cottonseed meal, 1 part molasses, 1 part sodium bicarbonate, and 5 parts premix.

When the ration is used for feeding dairy cows in the postpartum period, the feeding amount of the ration is preferably 30-40 kg/d/head (dry matter basis), more preferably 35-37.5 kg/d/head (dry matter basis). In parts by mass, the composition of the basic diet is preferably: 26-35 parts of corn silage, 6-10 parts of alfalfa, 10-15 parts of oat grass, 23-27 parts of corn, 3-6 parts of cottonseed, and 3 parts of cottonseed meal. ~5 parts, 3-8 parts of soybean meal, 6-10 parts of DDGS, 1-2 parts of molasses, 0.5-1 part of sodium bicarbonate and 3-5 parts of premix, coating material 80-100g/d/ cattle, further It is preferably 28 parts of corn silage, 7 parts of alfalfa, 10 parts of oat grass, 25 parts of corn, 5 parts of cottonseed, 5 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of cottonseed meal, 8 parts of DDGS, 1 part of molasses, 1 part of sodium bicarbonate and premix 5 servings.

Example 1-1

Preparation of feed additives: lycopene, silymarin and bran were mixed in a mass ratio of 3.75:6.25:100, placed in a mixer, and stirred for 20min under the condition of 200rpm and 3.5kW power to obtain a feed additive coating.

Preparation of basal diet for dairy cows in the prenatal period: 30 parts of corn silage, 8 parts of alfalfa, 22 parts of oat grass, 22 parts of corn, 3 parts of cottonseed, 5 parts of soybean meal, 3 parts of cottonseed meal, 1 part of molasses, 1 part of sodium bicarbonate , 5 parts of premix.

The basal ration and feed additives in the early perinatal period of the obtained dairy cows are all mixed for use, wherein the feed additives are added according to the number of cows, and the addition amount is 50g/d/ cattle; the feeding amount of the basal ration is: 20kg/d/ head (dry Material basis).

Example 1-2

Preparation of feed additives: lycopene, silymarin and bran were mixed in a mass ratio of 3.75:6.25:100, placed in a mixer, and stirred for 20min under the condition of 200rpm and 3.5kW power to obtain a feed additive coating.

Preparation of basal diet for dairy cows in the postpartum period: 28 parts of corn silage, 7 parts of alfalfa, 10 parts of oat grass, 25 parts of corn, 5 parts of cottonseed, 5 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of cottonseed meal, 8 parts of DDGS, 1 part of molasses, carbonic acid 1 part of sodium hydrogen, 5 parts of premix.

The basal ration and feed additives in the postpartum period of the obtained dairy cows are fully mixed for use, wherein the feed additives are added according to the number of cows, and the addition amount is 90g/d/ cattle; the feeding amount of the basal ration is: 35kg/d/ head (dry Material basis).

Comparative Example 1

According to the method of Example 1, the ration suitable for perinatal dairy cows was prepared, except that the mass ratio of bran, lycopene and silymarin was 90:4:5.

Comparative Example 2

A diet suitable for perinatal dairy cows was prepared according to the method of Example 1, except that the additive was replaced by the feed additive in an amount of 90 g/d/cow.

Application example 1

Thirty dairy cows in the early perinatal period (-21±2d) were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 cows in each group. The diets obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 of the present invention were selected to feed the dairy cows in the perinatal period, and the perinatal diets prepared in Example 1 were fed in the perinatal period. After the dairy cows entered the perinatal period The perinatal diets prepared in Example 1 were fed during the perinatal period. On the fifth and twentieth days after calving, the blood samples and milk samples of the cows that were fed the diets obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were collected for testing, the milk production was recorded, the feed intake was calculated, and the test was conducted. The results are shown in Tables 1-3.

Table 1 Effects of different diets on the production performance of dairy cows in the postpartum period (n=10)

Table 2 Effects of different diets on blood and liver function of dairy cows in the postpartum period (n=10)

Table 3 Effects of different diets on blood redox balance of dairy cows in the postpartum period (n=10)

It can be seen from Tables 1 to 3 that the diet provided by the present invention can effectively improve the milk production and body health of dairy cows, and can also reduce the level of ketone bodies in the blood of dairy cows and the parameters of liver metabolism, thereby effectively alleviating the liver damage produced by dairy cows in the late perinatal period. damage. Aiming at the content of redox indexes in the blood of dairy cows, the invention can effectively play the effect of adjusting the redox balance in the blood of dairy cows in the perinatal period.

It can be seen from the above examples that the feed additive provided by the present invention can alleviate the liver damage caused by the imbalance of metabolic stress-oxidative stress-immune stress in dairy cows during the perinatal period, thereby reducing the production performance and reproductive performance; specifically, the present invention Provided diets can improve milk production and health in post-perinatal dairy cows, increase superoxide dismutation by reducing blood levels of malondialdehyde, beta-hydroxybutyrate, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol and triglycerides Enzyme and glutathione peroxidase activities alleviate the damage caused by the liver of dairy cows in the late perinatal period, and effectively reduce the incidence of metabolic diseases caused by metabolic stress and oxidative stress in dairy cows, thereby reducing the infectious diseases secondary to metabolic diseases. It can reduce the incidence of disease, reduce the treatment cost and breeding cost of farmers, improve the economic benefits of farmers, and improve the ecological benefits around the dairy farm.

Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone who is familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, The protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A feed additive for relieving liver damage of dairy cows, comprising lycopene and silymarin. 2 . The feed additive according to claim 1 , wherein the mass ratio of lycopene and silymarin is 3-4:6-7. 3 . 3. The feed additive according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the feed additive is provided in the form of a coating; the coating layer of the coating is bran; The mass ratio of lycopene, silymarin and bran is 3-4:6-7:100. 4 . A diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows, comprising the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a basal diet. 5 . 5 . The diet according to claim 4 , wherein the mass ratio of the feed additive and the basic diet is 4-10:2000-3500. 6 . The ration according to claim 5, characterized in that, in parts by mass, the basic ration comprises: 25-35 parts of corn silage, 5-10 parts of alfalfa, 10-25 parts of oat grass, and 20 parts of corn ~30 parts, 1-6 parts of cottonseed, 1-6 parts of cottonseed meal, 1-8 parts of soybean meal, 0-10 parts of distiller's grains protein feed, 1-3 parts of molasses, 0.5-1 part of sodium bicarbonate and 3-3 parts of premix 5 servings; the feed additive is 40-100 g/d/cattle. 7. The ration according to claim 6, characterized in that, when the ration is used as a pre-perinatal ration for dairy cows, the basal ration consists of: 28-33 parts of corn silage, 6-10 parts of alfalfa , 20-24 parts of oat grass, 20-24 parts of corn, 2-5 parts of cottonseed, 2-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 3-6 parts of soybean meal, 1-2 parts of molasses, 0.5-1 part of sodium bicarbonate and premix 3-5 servings; the feed additive is 40-60 g/d/cattle. 8. The ration according to claim 6, characterized in that, when the ration is used as a ration in the postpartum period of dairy cows, the basal ration consists of: 26-35 parts of corn silage, 6-10 parts of alfalfa, 10-15 parts of oat grass, 23-27 parts of corn, 3-6 parts of cottonseed, 3-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 3-8 parts of soybean meal, 6-10 parts of distiller's grain protein feed, 1-2 parts of molasses, 0.5 parts of sodium bicarbonate ~1 part and 3-5 parts of premix; the feed additive is 80-100 g/d/cattle. 9 . The application of the diet for relieving liver damage of dairy cows according to any one of claims 4 to 8 in the feeding of dairy cows. 10 . 10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, when the ration is used for feeding dairy cows in the early perinatal period, the feeding amount is 18-25 kg/d/head; When feeding dairy cows in the late perinatal period, the feeding amount is 30-40 kg/d/head; the feeding amount is based on the amount of dry matter.