CN111500904A - Medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy and manufacturing process thereof - Google Patents
Medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy and manufacturing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy and the manufacturing process thereof are reasonable in proportion, so that elements in a formula act synergistically, the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy has excellent strength and hardness, the manufacturing process has short flow and low cost, the material using efficiency is higher, the low-pressure casting is free from pollution, the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy is more excellent than 7 series aluminum alloy in cost and performance, can replace cast iron and powder metallurgy parts and high-speed rotating, friction pair and meshing steel parts, the requirement of light weight is met, the high-strength hardness, wear resistance and impact resistance of conventional high-strength aluminum alloy disc sleeves and shell parts are improved, and the application prospect is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a medium-strength super-hard aluminum alloy and a manufacturing process thereof.
Background
Aluminum alloy is a non-ferrous metal structural material which is most widely applied in industry, has low density, higher strength which is close to or exceeds that of high-quality steel, good plasticity, can be processed into various sections, has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, is widely used in industry, and is second to steel in use amount. The types of aluminum alloys include 1-series, 2-series, 3-series, 4-series, 5-series, 6-series, 7-series, 8-series, and 9-series, and 1-series to 7-series are generally used. Among them, 1-series, 3-series, 5-series, 6-series, and 7-series aluminum alloys are used as rods, tubes, and sections, and 2-series and 4-series aluminum alloys are cast aluminum alloys.
The high-strength aluminum alloy has good processing performance, high strength, low density and the like, is convenient to weld, is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, aerospace, civil use and the like, particularly has a very key promoting effect on the development of the automobile industry, and is a structural material widely applied to the production of automobile products.
At present, under the urgent situation requirements of energy conservation, environmental protection and safety, the light weight of automobiles becomes an important direction for the development of various automobile enterprises. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements, the method has the advantages of optimizing the design procedure of the aluminum alloy, developing a novel heat treatment foundation, refining the structure of the aluminum alloy and improving the purity level of the aluminum alloy, and is the main development direction of high-performance aluminum alloy in future. Therefore, in order to replace 7-series aluminum alloy, cast iron and powder metallurgy locomotive parts (light weight), high-speed rotation parts, friction pairs and meshing steel parts (light weight), improve the strong hardness, the wear resistance and the impact resistance of conventional high-strength aluminum alloy disk sleeves and shell parts, manufacture ultrahigh-strength civil, large-industry and military special light weight parts in a short process, greatly reduce the cost, and research and develop medium-strength super-hard aluminum alloy and a manufacturing process thereof.
Chinese patent application No. CN201880012293.1 discloses a high-strength aluminum alloy and a high-strength aluminum alloy casting, which can be cast in the form of a powder or a cast product (squeeze casting, wax baking casting, thixo casting) such as die casting, gravity casting, low-pressure casting, etc., by using the high-strength aluminum alloy casting to produce the high-strength aluminum alloy casting, so that the high-strength aluminum alloy casting can be applied to the coating field or the 3D printing field, and the lightweight of automobile parts and the short processing flow cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects, the invention aims to provide the ultra-medium-strength ultra-hard aluminum alloy and the manufacturing process thereof, the formula is reasonable, the manufacturing process is simple, the cost is low, the yield is high, and the prepared aluminum alloy has excellent strength and hardness and wide application prospect.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising, by mass, 8-18% of Si, 8-15% of Cu, 3-6% of Zn, 0.3-0.8% of Fe, 0.3-0.6% of Mg, 0.3-0.6% of Ni, 0.2-0.5% of Mn, 0.1-0.3% of Co, 0.1-0.4% of L a and the balance of Al.
The medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy comprises Al, Si, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg, Ni, Mn, Co and L a in a reasonable proportion, so that elements in the formula act synergistically and have excellent strength and hardness2Al is precipitated in the matrix, Zn refines grains and has the effect of improving strength, the strength is further enhanced by adding Fe, the solid solubility of Mg in Al is high, and Mg is dissolved in Al matrix as Al in the solidification process5Mg8The phase is precipitated and uniformly distributed in an Al matrix to play a role in precipitation strengthening, and Ni is NiAl3Mn enhances a solid solution effect and has an effect of dispersing fine precipitates and improving ductility, and Co is Al in Al9Co2The form of the phase improves the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy, in addition, Co can be oxidized with oxygen at the temperature of more than 300 ℃, the oxygen content in the melt is reduced, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved, L a is cooperated with other elements, the effects of grain refinement and melt purification can be achieved, the texture toughness of the aluminum alloy is enhanced, and the strengthening effect of other non-aluminum elements on the properties of the aluminum alloy such as tensile strength, elongation and the like is obviously enhanced.
The invention also relates to the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy and a manufacturing process thereof, which sequentially comprises batching, smelting and casting; the smelting comprises the following steps:
(1) aluminum melting, namely putting the substrate into a natural gas furnace at the temperature of 730-760 ℃, adding an intermediate alloy, and alloying according to the following sequence, namely Al-Si alloy, Cu-Zn alloy, Fe-Ni alloy, Al-Mg alloy and Co-L a alloy;
(2) and (3) detection: carrying out spectral assay on the melt in the natural gas furnace to obtain information of each component;
(3) adjusting: adjusting the proportion of each component of the melt in the natural gas furnace according to the component information obtained by the spectral assay, and sequentially adding an aluminum-strontium alloy and a phosphorus-copper alloy into the natural gas furnace after adjustment;
(4) removing impurities: adding an aluminum alloy refining impurity removing agent into a natural gas furnace;
(5) degassing and refining: filling nitrogen into the natural gas furnace for 5-10 minutes, wherein the nitrogen is 99.99 percent, and stirring;
(6) slag fishing: carrying out slag salvaging on various floaters on the surface of the melt;
(7) sealing the furnace door: and after slag is fished, sealing the furnace door, and standing to obtain the melt.
In the prior art, the yield of an aluminum alloy 7 system is about 30 percent generally, the product forming process is complex, an aluminum ingot is heated to be completely melted, a surface oxide layer of a melt is removed, then an intermediate alloy is added, the surface oxide layer of the melt is removed by continuous stirring, refining, degassing, slagging and the like are carried out, the yield of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy manufacturing process reaches 90 percent, the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy is directly cast into a mold for forming after smelting, and raw materials in a mold runner can be recycled.
Further, the manufacturing process of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: and (3) batching according to the formula, wherein all the batchings are cleaned by using an alkaline solution until the defects such as surface alumina, slag and the like are eliminated, and then baking is carried out to remove contained moisture.
Further, in the manufacturing process of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy, the addition amount of the aluminum-strontium alloy in the step (3) is 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the melt.
The aluminum-strontium alloy is added into the aluminum alloy to achieve the modification effect, eutectic silicon and primary crystal silicon in the alloy can be effectively refined, the mechanical property of the alloy is improved, the modification has good long-term effect, and the remelting stability and the decay resistance are improved.
Further, in the manufacturing process of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy, the addition amount of the phosphorus-copper alloy in the step (3) is 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the melt.
Phosphorus is mainly used for deoxidation in the smelting process, and is added in a phosphorus-copper alloy mode because the melting point of phosphorus is very low and the phosphorus is volatile.
Further, in the manufacturing process of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy refining impurity removing agent in the step (4) is an inorganic salt aluminum alloy refining impurity removing agent.
Further, the casting process of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: and slowly casting the melt into a mold which is preheated to 200 ℃ and coated with a release agent at a constant speed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention is reasonable in proportion, so that all elements in the formula act synergistically, and the prepared aluminum alloy has better cost and performance compared with 7-series aluminum alloy, can replace parts of cast iron and powder metallurgy locomotives and high-speed rotating, friction pair and meshing steel parts, meets the requirement of light weight, improves the strong hardness, wear resistance and impact resistance of conventional high-strength aluminum alloy disk sleeves and shell parts, and has ultrahigh strength, super hardness and wide application prospect;
(2) the manufacturing process of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy provided by the invention has the advantages of simple manufacturing process, high flexibility, short flow, low cost, higher material using efficiency, low-pressure casting, no pollution and better economic benefit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and specific experimental data, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following example provides a medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy and a manufacturing process thereof, wherein the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 14-20% of Si, 10-15% of Cu, 3-6% of Zn, 0.3-0.8% of Fe, 0.3-0.6% of Mg, 0.3-0.6% of Ni, 0.2-0.5% of Mn, 0.1-0.3% of Co, 0.1-0.4% of L a, and the balance Al.
Example 1
The medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 15% of Si, 12% of Cu, 4% of Zn, 0.5% of Fe, 0.5% of Mg, 0.4% of Ni, 0.3% of Mn, 0.2% of Co, 0.1% of L a and the balance of Al.
The manufacturing process of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy sequentially comprises the steps of proportioning, smelting and casting;
preparing materials: the ingredients are mixed according to the formula, the ingredients are washed by alkaline solution until the defects of alumina, slag and the like on the surface are eliminated, and then the ingredients are baked to remove the contained moisture
The smelting comprises the following steps:
(1) aluminum melting, namely putting the substrate into a natural gas furnace at the temperature of 750 ℃, adding an intermediate alloy, and alloying according to the following sequence, namely Al-Si alloy, Cu-Zn alloy, Fe-Ni alloy, Al-Mg alloy and Co-L a alloy;
(2) and (3) detection: carrying out spectral assay on the melt in the natural gas furnace to obtain information of each component;
(3) adjusting: adjusting the proportion of each component of the melt in the natural gas furnace according to the component information obtained by the spectral assay, and sequentially adding an aluminum-strontium alloy and a phosphorus-copper alloy into the natural gas furnace after adjustment; the addition amounts of the aluminum-strontium alloy and the phosphorus-copper alloy are both 0.02 percent of the mass of the melt;
(4) removing impurities: adding an aluminum alloy refining impurity removing agent into a natural gas furnace;
(5) degassing and refining: filling nitrogen into the natural gas furnace for 5-10 minutes, wherein the nitrogen is 99.99 percent, and stirring;
(6) slag fishing: carrying out slag salvaging on various floaters on the surface of the melt;
(7) sealing the furnace door: and after slag is fished, sealing the furnace door, and standing to obtain the melt.
Casting: and slowly casting the melt into a mold which is preheated to 200 ℃ and coated with a release agent at a constant speed to obtain the medium-strength super-hard aluminum alloy.
Example 2
The medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 16% of Si, 12% of Cu, 5% of Zn, 0.7% of F, 0.5% of Mg, 0.5% of Ni0.5%, 0.4% of Mn, 0.3% of Co, 0.2% of L a and the balance of Al.
The manufacturing process of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy sequentially comprises the steps of proportioning, smelting and casting;
preparing materials: the ingredients are mixed according to the formula, the ingredients are washed by alkaline solution until the defects of alumina, slag and the like on the surface are eliminated, and then the ingredients are baked to remove the contained moisture
The smelting comprises the following steps:
(1) aluminum melting, namely putting the substrate into a natural gas furnace at the temperature of 760 ℃, adding an intermediate alloy, and alloying according to the following sequence, namely Al-Si alloy, Cu-Zn alloy, Fe-Ni alloy, Al-Mg alloy and Co-L a alloy;
(2) and (3) detection: carrying out spectral assay on the melt in the natural gas furnace to obtain information of each component;
(3) adjusting: adjusting the proportion of each component of the melt in the natural gas furnace according to the component information obtained by the spectral assay, and sequentially adding an aluminum-strontium alloy and a phosphorus-copper alloy into the natural gas furnace after adjustment; the addition amounts of the aluminum-strontium alloy and the phosphorus-copper alloy are both 0.04 percent of the mass of the melt;
(4) removing impurities: adding an aluminum alloy refining impurity removing agent into a natural gas furnace;
(5) degassing and refining: filling nitrogen into the natural gas furnace for 5-10 minutes, wherein the nitrogen is 99.99 percent, and stirring;
(6) slag fishing: carrying out slag salvaging on various floaters on the surface of the melt;
(7) sealing the furnace door: and after slag is fished, sealing the furnace door, and standing to obtain the melt.
Casting: and slowly casting the melt into a mold which is preheated to 200 ℃ and coated with a release agent at a constant speed to obtain the medium-strength super-hard aluminum alloy.
Example 3
The medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 18% of Si, 10% of Cu, 3% of Zn, 0.8% of Fe, 0.6% of Mg, 0.6% of Ni-0.6%, 0.5% of Mn, 0.3% of Co, 0.4% of L a and the balance of Al.
The manufacturing process of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy sequentially comprises the steps of proportioning, smelting and casting;
preparing materials: the ingredients are mixed according to the formula, the ingredients are washed by alkaline solution until the defects of alumina, slag and the like on the surface are eliminated, and then the ingredients are baked to remove the contained moisture
The smelting comprises the following steps:
(1) aluminum melting, namely putting the substrate into a natural gas furnace at the temperature of 730 ℃, adding an intermediate alloy, and alloying according to the following sequence, namely Al-Si alloy, Cu-Zn alloy, Fe-Ni alloy, Al-Mg alloy and Co-L a alloy;
(2) and (3) detection: carrying out spectral assay on the melt in the natural gas furnace to obtain information of each component;
(3) adjusting: adjusting the proportion of each component of the melt in the natural gas furnace according to the component information obtained by the spectral assay, and sequentially adding an aluminum-strontium alloy and a phosphorus-copper alloy into the natural gas furnace after adjustment; the addition amount of the aluminum-strontium alloy and the phosphorus-copper alloy is 0.05 percent of the mass of the melt;
(4) removing impurities: adding an aluminum alloy refining impurity removing agent into a natural gas furnace;
(5) degassing and refining: filling nitrogen into the natural gas furnace for 5-10 minutes, wherein the nitrogen is 99.99 percent, and stirring;
(6) slag fishing: carrying out slag salvaging on various floaters on the surface of the melt;
(7) sealing the furnace door: and after slag is fished, sealing the furnace door, and standing to obtain the melt.
Casting: and slowly casting the melt into a mold which is preheated to 200 ℃ and coated with a release agent at a constant speed to obtain the medium-strength super-hard aluminum alloy.
Example 4
The medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 16% of Si, 13% of Cu, 5% of Zn, 0.7% of Fe, 0.6% of Mg, 0.4% of Ni0.4%, 0.4% of Mn, 0.2% of Co, 0.2% of L a and the balance of Al.
The manufacturing process of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy sequentially comprises the steps of proportioning, smelting and casting;
preparing materials: the ingredients are mixed according to the formula, the ingredients are washed by alkaline solution until the defects of alumina, slag and the like on the surface are eliminated, and then the ingredients are baked to remove the contained moisture
The smelting comprises the following steps:
(1) aluminum melting, namely putting the substrate into a natural gas furnace at the temperature of 750 ℃, adding an intermediate alloy, and alloying according to the following sequence, namely Al-Si alloy, Cu-Zn alloy, Fe-Ni alloy, Al-Mg alloy and Co-L a alloy;
(2) and (3) detection: carrying out spectral assay on the melt in the natural gas furnace to obtain information of each component;
(3) adjusting: adjusting the proportion of each component of the melt in the natural gas furnace according to the component information obtained by the spectral assay, and sequentially adding an aluminum-strontium alloy and a phosphorus-copper alloy into the natural gas furnace after adjustment; the addition amount of the aluminum-strontium alloy and the phosphorus-copper alloy is 0.05 percent of the mass of the melt;
(4) removing impurities: adding an aluminum alloy refining impurity removing agent into a natural gas furnace;
(5) degassing and refining: filling nitrogen into the natural gas furnace for 5-10 minutes, wherein the nitrogen is 99.99 percent, and stirring;
(6) slag fishing: carrying out slag salvaging on various floaters on the surface of the melt;
(7) sealing the furnace door: and after slag is fished, sealing the furnace door, and standing to obtain the melt.
Casting: and slowly casting the melt into a mold which is preheated to 200 ℃ and coated with a release agent at a constant speed to obtain the medium-strength super-hard aluminum alloy.
Example 5
The medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 17% of Si, 14% of Cu, 4% of Zn, 0.6% of Fe, 0.5% of Mg, 0.5% of Ni, 0.4% of Mn0.3% of Co, 0.2% of L a and the balance of Al.
The manufacturing process of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy sequentially comprises the steps of proportioning, smelting and casting;
preparing materials: the ingredients are mixed according to the formula, the ingredients are washed by alkaline solution until the defects of alumina, slag and the like on the surface are eliminated, and then the ingredients are baked to remove the contained moisture
The smelting comprises the following steps:
(1) aluminum melting, namely putting the substrate into a natural gas furnace at the temperature of 760 ℃, adding an intermediate alloy, and alloying according to the following sequence, namely Al-Si alloy, Cu-Zn alloy, Fe-Ni alloy, Al-Mg alloy and Co-L a alloy;
(2) and (3) detection: carrying out spectral assay on the melt in the natural gas furnace to obtain information of each component;
(3) adjusting: adjusting the proportion of each component of the melt in the natural gas furnace according to the component information obtained by the spectral assay, and sequentially adding an aluminum-strontium alloy and a phosphorus-copper alloy into the natural gas furnace after adjustment; the addition amounts of the aluminum-strontium alloy and the phosphorus-copper alloy are both 0.04 percent of the mass of the melt;
(4) removing impurities: adding an aluminum alloy refining impurity removing agent into a natural gas furnace;
(5) degassing and refining: filling nitrogen into the natural gas furnace for 5-10 minutes, wherein the nitrogen is 99.99 percent, and stirring;
(6) slag fishing: carrying out slag salvaging on various floaters on the surface of the melt;
(7) sealing the furnace door: and after slag is fished, sealing the furnace door, and standing to obtain the melt.
Casting: and slowly casting the melt into a mold which is preheated to 200 ℃ and coated with a release agent at a constant speed to obtain the medium-strength super-hard aluminum alloy.
Effect verification:
the performance test of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy obtained in the above examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 is shown in table 1.
All tests were made with reference to GB/T1173 and 2013 for casting aluminum alloys.
TABLE 1 sample Performance test results
The test data shows that the performance of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy cast by the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy is excellent and exceeds that of products produced by 7 systems, the manufacturing process is short in flow, low in cost, high in material utilization efficiency, low-pressure casting and pollution-free, and the casting performance and the deformation performance of the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy are far superior to those of products produced by 7 systems. The medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy can replace 7 series aluminum alloy (the cost and the performance are better), replace parts of cast iron and powder metallurgy locomotives and high-speed rotation, friction pairs and meshing steel parts (the lightweight requirement is met), can replace lead brass (the price is lower) to be used in bathrooms, industrial parts and the like in industry, and improves the strong hardness, the wear resistance and the impact resistance of conventional high-strength aluminum alloy disk sleeves and shell parts.
The invention has many applications, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising, by mass, 8-18% of Si, 8-15% of Cu, 3-6% of Zn, 0.3-0.8% of Fe, 0.3-0.6% of Mg, 0.3-0.6% of Ni, 0.2-0.5% of Mn, 0.1-0.3% of Co, 0.1-0.4% of L a and the balance of Al.
2. The process for manufacturing the medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the steps of batching, smelting and casting; the smelting comprises the following steps:
(1) aluminum melting, namely putting the substrate into a natural gas furnace at the temperature of 730-760 ℃, adding an intermediate alloy, and alloying according to the following sequence, namely Al-Si alloy, Cu-Zn alloy, Fe-Ni alloy, Al-Mg alloy and Co-L a alloy;
(2) and (3) detection: carrying out spectral assay on the melt in the natural gas furnace to obtain information of each component;
(3) adjusting: adjusting the proportion of each component of the melt in the natural gas furnace according to the component information obtained by the spectral assay, and sequentially adding an aluminum-strontium alloy and a phosphorus-copper alloy into the natural gas furnace after adjustment;
(4) removing impurities: adding an aluminum alloy refining impurity removing agent into a natural gas furnace;
(5) degassing and refining: filling nitrogen into the natural gas furnace for 5-10 minutes, wherein the nitrogen is 99.99 percent, and stirring;
(6) slag fishing: carrying out slag salvaging on various floaters on the surface of the melt;
(7) sealing the furnace door: and after slag is fished, sealing the furnace door, and standing to obtain the melt.
3. A process for manufacturing a medium strength superhard aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the batching comprises the steps of: and (3) batching according to the formula, wherein all the batchings are cleaned by using an alkaline solution until the defects such as surface alumina, slag and the like are eliminated, and then baking is carried out to remove contained moisture.
4. A process for manufacturing a medium strength super hard aluminium alloy according to claim 2, wherein the aluminium strontium alloy of step (3) is added in an amount of 0.01-0.05% by mass of the melt.
5. A process for manufacturing a medium strength super hard aluminium alloy according to claim 2, wherein the amount of phosphorus copper alloy added in step (3) is 0.01-0.05% of the mass of the melt.
6. A process for manufacturing a medium-strength superhard aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein the aluminum alloy refining and impurity removing agent in the step (4) is an inorganic salt type aluminum alloy refining and impurity removing agent.
7. A process for manufacturing a medium strength superhard aluminum alloy according to claim 2, wherein the casting comprises the steps of: and slowly casting the melt into a mold which is preheated to 200 ℃ and coated with a release agent at a constant speed.
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CN115044806A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-13 | 大连科天新材料有限公司 | Aluminum alloy additive and preparation method and application thereof |
WO2023241681A1 (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2023-12-21 | 大连科天新材料有限公司 | Aluminum alloy additive, and preparation method therefor and use thereof |
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