CN114150191B - Non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 97
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 87
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 aluminum rare earth Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910018167 Al—Be Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018464 Al—Mg—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018566 Al—Si—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910008465 Si—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The non-heat-treatment high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg:1.0% -3.5%; si:0.1% -1.2%; fe:0.05% -1.0%; mn:0.1 to 1.1 percent; ti:0.05 to 0.5 percent; be:0.001% -0.005%; total amount of La and Ce: 0.05% -0.5%; the balance of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is aluminum. The Al-Mg-Si series die-casting aluminum alloy prepared by the invention breaks through the characteristic of high Si content of the traditional die-casting aluminum alloy, and further prepares a novel die-casting aluminum alloy material by adjusting the proportion of Mg and Si content. The material is a die-casting aluminum alloy which has the tensile strength of 280MPa, the yield strength of 150MPa and the elongation of 23 percent and simultaneously considers the high strength and the high toughness in a non-heat treatment state, has excellent die-casting performance and can meet the increasingly improved actual use requirements of high-quality high-performance aluminum alloy die-casting parts in the automobile industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the deep promotion of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization policies, the carbon emission index is continuously reduced, the regenerated aluminum has the obvious advantage of low energy consumption, the dependence of price rising along with electricity in the aluminum industry is eliminated, and the regenerated aluminum industry is taken as the leading industry, so that the healthy, stable and long-term development of the aluminum industry is facilitated. The carbon emission of the regenerated aluminum is obviously lower than that of the raw aluminum, and compared with the production of the equivalent raw aluminum, the production of 1 ton of the regenerated aluminum saves 3.4 tons of standard coal, saves 14 cubic meters of water and reduces 20 tons of solid waste emission. The emission of carbon dioxide can be reduced by about 10.2 tons for 1 ton of secondary aluminum calculated according to 3 tons of carbon dioxide emission for 1 ton of standard coal. Meanwhile, the secondary aluminum has remarkable economic benefit. The production of the primary aluminum relates to the exploitation, long-distance transportation and the like of bauxite, the energy consumption of the production of the alumina and the electrolytic aluminum is huge, and the production cost of the secondary aluminum is lower compared with the production of the primary aluminum. With the rapid increase of the social conservation quantity of the waste aluminum in China and the continuous soundness of waste resource recovery systems, the price of the waste aluminum is expected to be further reduced, and the cost advantage of the production of the secondary aluminum relative to the original aluminum is more prominent.
In recent years, new energy automobiles are continuously appeared and developed, and new energy automobiles driven by batteries are restricted by the weight of power batteries, the driving mileage of the power batteries and the high pressure of automobile energy-saving and emission-reducing policies, so that the weight reduction of automobile bodies is more urgently needed than the weight reduction of traditional automobiles in the aspects of vehicle design and material selection. The aluminum alloy is one of lightweight materials, has the advantages of application technology, operation safety and cyclic recycling, gradually replaces steel in the automobile industry, adopts a die-casting forming process to produce automobile parts, and is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, aerospace and the like.
The automobile and aerospace industries have strict requirements on parts, and the materials are required to have excellent impact toughness and high elongation when deformed. The automobile body structure damping tower proposed by the automobile industry requires that the tensile strength of an aluminum alloy die casting is more than 180MPa, the yield strength is more than 120MPa, and the elongation is more than 10%. The traditional ADC12 die-casting aluminum alloy belongs to an Al-Si-Cu system with the Fe content of 0.8 to 1.3 percent, the elongation of the alloy at room temperature is not higher than 2 percent, and the toughness and the strength of the alloy are not high, so that the requirement of an automobile structural member can not be met. Although the traditional Al-Si binary alloy series has better strength and good casting performance, the plasticity is poorer, the elongation is low, and the material can not meet the requirement of large integrally formed die casting used for automobiles. Al-Si-Mg series alloy is the object of developing novel die-casting aluminium alloy, si element is added on the basis of Al-Mg binary alloy series to improve the casting performance of the alloy, and Mg is generated at the same time 2 The Si strengthening phase can improve the strength of the alloy and can be used for the shape of a vehicle bodyComplex parts with higher requirements on comprehensive mechanical properties.
The invention provides a non-heat treatment high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof under the background. The Al-Mg-Si series die-casting aluminum alloy prepared by the invention breaks through the characteristic of high Si content of the traditional die-casting aluminum alloy, and further prepares a novel die-casting aluminum alloy material by adjusting the proportion of Mg and Si content. The die casting has high strength and high toughness without heat treatment, has good casting performance, and can completely replace the AlSi10MnMg material subjected to T7 heat treatment in the current automobile industry, thereby reducing the production cost and meeting the requirements of large-scale integrally formed die castings of automobiles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
The invention relates to a non-heat treatment high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg:1.0% -3.5%; si:0.1 to 1.2 percent; fe:0.05% -1.0%; mn:0.1 to 1.1 percent; ti:0.05% -0.5%; be:0.001% -0.005%; total amount of La and Ce: 0.05 to 0.5 percent; the balance of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
According to the invention, mg and Si are added into the aluminum alloy, so that the strength and toughness of the material can be improved, and the casting performance of the alloy is improved; the addition of Fe and Mn elements can make the material more convenient for demoulding; a small amount of Ti is added, so that the grain structure can be refined, and the mechanical property of the material is improved; the addition of a trace amount of Be can improve the characteristics of an oxide film on the surface of a melt, reduce the burning loss of the material, and prevent the formation of more oxidation slag inclusions in the oxidation process from influencing the quality and the performance of the material. The addition of trace La/Ce rare earth elements can reduce the hydrogen content and slag content in the melt, achieve the effect of purifying the melt and also play a role in refining grains.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy, which comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) Preparing in front of the furnace: cleaning the furnace bottom, and then starting to dry the furnace until the furnace wall is red; and (4) coating graphite powder on all the operation tools, and then drying and preheating.
(2) Preparing materials: al metal ingots, mg metal ingots, industrial Si, al-Mn intermediate alloys or Mn metal, fe metal, al-Ti intermediate alloys, al-Be intermediate alloys, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloys and the like are prepared as raw materials of each element in the aluminum alloy, and are added in accordance with the above alloy component proportions after considering the burning loss as appropriate.
(3) Charging and melting: firstly, putting a metal Al ingot into a furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 670-690 ℃, heating the ingot after the aluminum ingot is completely molten, controlling the temperature to be 760-780 ℃, and then adding industrial silicon, metal Fe, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn for smelting.
(4) Refining and slagging off: controlling the temperature of an aluminum alloy melt at 740 to 760 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent to carry out primary powder spraying refining and secondary powder spraying refining, controlling the interval time of the two-time refining to be 50-60min, skimming after each refining is finished, and removing a flux and scum on the liquid surface.
(5) Adding other metal elements: when the temperature of the molten liquid is 740 to 760 ℃, adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, metal Mg and Al-Be intermediate alloy ingots into the furnace for smelting, and sampling and analyzing after obtaining an aluminum alloy melt.
(6) And (4) degassing in the furnace. Keeping the smelting temperature at 740 to 760 ℃, degassing in a furnace by using nitrogen for about 30 to 50min, and then standing for 15 to 30min.
(7) Die casting: and after the stokehole components are analyzed to be qualified, high-pressure casting is carried out at the temperature of the molten aluminum of 690-710 ℃ to obtain the die casting in a non-heat treatment state. The injection time is 4.5s, the cooling time is 3s, and the knockout pressure is 38MPa. The die used in the die casting process includes a test bar with a diameter of 6.3mm and a die for testing fluidity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the die-casting aluminum alloy prepared by the invention has high strength and high toughness, has good casting performance, can meet the requirement of large-scale integrally-formed die-casting parts of automobiles, and has important industrial application value.
2. Under the condition of non-heat treatment, the tensile strength of the recyclable non-heat-treatment high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is 270MPa to 280MPa, the yield strength is 140MPa to 150MPa, and the elongation can reach 21 percent to 23 percent.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a metallographic representation of the microstructure of a die-cast aluminum alloy obtained in example 2, wherein (a) is a metallographic representation of the microstructure at 50X; FIG. (b) is a 200X microstructure metallographic image.
Fig. 2 is a fluidity test die for die-cast aluminum alloy obtained in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a tensile stress-strain curve of the die cast aluminum alloy obtained in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist the person skilled in the art to further understand the invention, but do not limit it in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg:1.0 percent; si:0.1 percent; fe:0.05 percent; mn:0.1 percent; ti:0.05 percent; be:0.001 percent; total amount of La and Ce: 0.05 percent; the balance of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of the non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing in front of the furnace: cleaning the furnace bottom, and then starting to bake the furnace until the furnace wall is red; and (4) coating graphite powder on all the operation tools, and then drying and preheating.
(2) Preparing materials: preparing metal Al ingots, metal Mg ingots, industrial Si, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn, metal Fe, al-Ti intermediate alloy, al-Be intermediate alloy, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy and the like as raw materials of each element in the aluminum alloy, and adding the raw materials according to the proportion of the alloy components after properly considering the burning loss.
(3) Charging and melting: firstly, putting a metal Al ingot into a furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 670-690 ℃, heating the ingot after the aluminum ingot is completely molten, controlling the temperature to be 760-780 ℃, and then adding industrial silicon, metal Fe, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn for smelting.
(4) Refining and slagging-off: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt at 740-760 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent to perform primary powder spraying refining and secondary powder spraying refining, controlling the interval time between the two refining processes at 50-60min, skimming after each refining process is finished, and removing the flux and the scum on the liquid surface.
(5) Adding other metal elements: when the temperature of the molten liquid is 740 to 760 ℃, adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, metal Mg and Al-Be intermediate alloy ingots into the furnace for smelting, and sampling and analyzing after an aluminum alloy melt is obtained.
(6) And (5) degassing in the furnace. Keeping the smelting temperature at 740 to 760 ℃, degassing in a furnace by using nitrogen for about 30 to 50min, and then standing for 15 to 30min.
(7) Die casting: and after the stokehole components are analyzed to be qualified, high-pressure casting is carried out at the temperature of the molten aluminum of 690-710 ℃ to obtain the die casting in a non-heat treatment state. The injection time is 4.5s, the cooling time is 3s, and the knockout pressure is 38MPa. The die used in the die casting process includes a test bar with a diameter of 6.3mm and a die for testing fluidity.
Example 2
The non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg:1.5 percent; si:0.3 percent; fe:0.25 percent; mn:0.2 percent; ti:0.15 percent; be:0.002%; total amount of La and Ce: 0.15 percent; the balance of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of the non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing in front of the furnace: cleaning the furnace bottom, and then starting to bake the furnace until the furnace wall is red; and (4) coating graphite powder on all the operation tools, and then drying and preheating.
(2) Preparing materials: preparing metal Al ingots, metal Mg ingots, industrial Si, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn, metal Fe, al-Ti intermediate alloy, al-Be intermediate alloy, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy and the like as raw materials of each element in the aluminum alloy, and adding the raw materials according to the proportion of the alloy components after properly considering the burning loss.
(3) Charging and melting: firstly, putting a metal Al ingot into a furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 670-690 ℃, heating the ingot after the aluminum ingot is completely molten, controlling the temperature to be 760-780 ℃, and then adding industrial silicon, metal Fe, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn for smelting.
(4) Refining and slagging-off: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt at 740-760 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent to perform primary powder spraying refining and secondary powder spraying refining, controlling the interval time between the two refining processes at 50-60min, slagging off after each refining process is finished, and removing the flux and the scum on the liquid surface.
(5) Adding other metal elements: when the temperature of the molten liquid is 740 to 760 ℃, adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, metal Mg and Al-Be intermediate alloy ingots into the furnace for smelting, and sampling and analyzing after obtaining an aluminum alloy melt.
(6) And (5) degassing in the furnace. Keeping the smelting temperature at 740 to 760 ℃, degassing in a furnace by using nitrogen for about 30 to 50min, and then standing for 15 to 30min.
(7) Die casting: and after the analysis of the components in front of the furnace is qualified, casting at high pressure at the temperature of 690-710 ℃ of the aluminum liquid to obtain a die casting in a non-heat treatment state. The die casting parameters involved in the die casting process and the die casting mold used were the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg:2.0 percent; si:0.5 percent; fe:0.45 percent; mn:0.4 percent; ti:0.25 percent; be:0.003%; total amount of La and Ce: 0.25 percent; the balance of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of the non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing in front of the furnace: cleaning the furnace bottom, and then starting to bake the furnace until the furnace wall is red; and (4) coating graphite powder on all the operation tools, and then drying and preheating.
(2) Preparing materials: preparing metal Al ingots, metal Mg ingots, industrial Si, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn, metal Fe, al-Ti intermediate alloy, al-Be intermediate alloy, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy and the like as raw materials of each element in the aluminum alloy, and adding the raw materials according to the proportion of the alloy components after properly considering the burning loss.
(3) Charging and melting: firstly, putting a metal Al ingot into a furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 670-690 ℃, heating the ingot after the aluminum ingot is completely molten, controlling the temperature to be 760-780 ℃, and then adding industrial silicon, metal Fe, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn for smelting.
(4) Refining and slagging off: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt at 740-760 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent to perform primary powder spraying refining and secondary powder spraying refining, controlling the interval time between the two refining processes at 50-60min, slagging off after each refining process is finished, and removing the flux and the scum on the liquid surface.
(5) Adding other metal elements: when the temperature of the molten liquid is 740 to 760 ℃, adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, metal Mg and Al-Be intermediate alloy ingots into the furnace for smelting, and sampling and analyzing after obtaining an aluminum alloy melt.
(6) And (5) degassing in the furnace. Keeping the smelting temperature at 740 to 760 ℃, degassing in the furnace by using nitrogen, wherein the degassing time is about 30 to 50min, and then standing for 15 to 30min.
(7) Die casting: and after the analysis of the components in front of the furnace is qualified, casting at high pressure at the temperature of 690-710 ℃ of the aluminum liquid to obtain a die casting in a non-heat treatment state. The die casting parameters involved in the die casting process and the die casting mold used were the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg:2.5 percent; si:0.7 percent; fe:0.65 percent; mn:0.6 percent; ti:0.3 percent; be:0.004%; total amount of La and Ce: 0.35 percent; the balance of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of the non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing in front of the furnace: cleaning the furnace bottom, and then starting to bake the furnace until the furnace wall is red; and (4) coating graphite powder on all the operating tools, and then drying and preheating.
(2) Preparing materials: al metal ingots, mg metal ingots, industrial Si, al-Mn intermediate alloys or Mn metal, fe metal, al-Ti intermediate alloys, al-Be intermediate alloys, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloys and the like are prepared as raw materials of each element in the aluminum alloy, and are added in accordance with the above alloy component proportions after considering the burning loss as appropriate.
(3) Charging and melting: firstly, putting a metal Al ingot into a furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 670-690 ℃, heating the ingot after the aluminum ingot is completely molten, controlling the temperature to be 760-780 ℃, and then adding industrial silicon, metal Fe, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn for smelting.
(4) Refining and slagging-off: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt at 740-760 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent to perform primary powder spraying refining and secondary powder spraying refining, controlling the interval time between the two refining processes at 50-60min, slagging off after each refining process is finished, and removing the flux and the scum on the liquid surface.
(5) Adding other metal elements: when the temperature of the molten liquid is 740 to 760 ℃, adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, metal Mg and Al-Be intermediate alloy ingots into the furnace for smelting, and sampling and analyzing after obtaining an aluminum alloy melt.
(6) And (5) degassing in the furnace. Keeping the smelting temperature at 740 to 760 ℃, degassing in a furnace by using nitrogen for about 30 to 50min, and then standing for 15 to 30min.
(7) Die casting: and after the analysis of the components in front of the furnace is qualified, casting at high pressure at the temperature of 690-710 ℃ of the aluminum liquid to obtain a die casting in a non-heat treatment state. The die casting parameters involved in the die casting process and the die casting mold used were the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg:3.5 percent; si:1.2 percent; fe:1.0 percent; mn:1.1 percent; ti:0.5 percent; be:0.005 percent; total amount of La and Ce: 0.5 percent; the balance of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of the non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing in front of the furnace: cleaning the furnace bottom, and then starting to bake the furnace until the furnace wall is red; and (4) coating graphite powder on all the operation tools, and then drying and preheating.
(2) Preparing materials: al metal ingots, mg metal ingots, industrial Si, al-Mn intermediate alloys or Mn metal, fe metal, al-Ti intermediate alloys, al-Be intermediate alloys, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloys and the like are prepared as raw materials of each element in the aluminum alloy, and are added in accordance with the above alloy component proportions after considering the burning loss as appropriate.
(3) Charging and melting: firstly, putting a metal Al ingot into a furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 670-690 ℃, heating the ingot after the aluminum ingot is completely molten, controlling the temperature to be 760-780 ℃, and then adding industrial silicon, metal Fe, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn for smelting.
(4) Refining and slagging-off: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt at 740-760 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent to perform primary powder spraying refining and secondary powder spraying refining, controlling the interval time between the two refining processes at 50-60min, slagging off after each refining process is finished, and removing the flux and the scum on the liquid surface.
(5) Adding other metal elements: when the temperature of the molten liquid is 740 to 760 ℃, adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, metal Mg and Al-Be intermediate alloy ingots into the furnace for smelting, and sampling and analyzing after obtaining an aluminum alloy melt.
(6) And (5) degassing in the furnace. Keeping the smelting temperature at 740 to 760 ℃, degassing in the furnace by using nitrogen, wherein the degassing time is about 30 to 50min, and then standing for 15 to 30min.
(7) Die casting: and after the analysis of the components in front of the furnace is qualified, casting at high pressure at the temperature of 690-710 ℃ of the aluminum liquid to obtain a die casting in a non-heat treatment state. The die casting parameters involved in the die casting process and the die casting mold used were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The non-heat treatment high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy of the comparative example comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si:6.7 percent; fe:0.09%; cu:0.03 percent; mn:0.02 percent; mg:0.43 percent; zn:0.03 percent; ti:0.05 percent; ni:0.006%; cr:0.001 percent; sr:0.0007 percent; the balance of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
The preparation method of the non-heat-treated high-toughness die-cast aluminum alloy of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing in front of the furnace: cleaning the furnace bottom, and then starting to bake the furnace until the furnace wall is red; and (4) coating graphite powder on all the operation tools, and then drying and preheating.
(2) Preparing materials: as raw materials for each element in the aluminum alloy, an Al ingot, an Mg ingot, industrial Si, cu, zn, ni, an Al-Mn intermediate alloy, mn, fe, an Al-Ti intermediate alloy, an Al-Sr intermediate alloy, an Al-Cr intermediate alloy, etc. are prepared, and the above alloy components are added in proportions in consideration of the burning loss.
(3) Charging and melting: firstly, putting a metal Al ingot into a furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 670-690 ℃, heating the ingot after the aluminum ingot is completely molten, controlling the temperature to be 760-780 ℃, and then adding industrial Si, metal Fe, metal Cu, metal Zn, metal Ni, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn for smelting.
(4) Refining and slagging-off: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt with qualified components at 740-760 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent to perform primary powder spraying refining and secondary powder spraying refining, controlling the interval time between the two refining processes at 50-60min, skimming after each refining process is finished, and removing the flux and the scum on the liquid surface.
(5) Adding other metal elements: when the temperature of the molten liquid is 740 to 760 ℃, adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, metal Mg, al-Cr and Al-Sr intermediate alloy ingots into the furnace for smelting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and then sampling and analyzing.
(6) And (5) degassing in the furnace. Keeping the smelting temperature at 740 to 760 ℃, degassing in a furnace by using nitrogen for about 30 to 50min, and then standing for 15 to 30min.
(7) Die casting: and (3) after the stokehole components are analyzed to be qualified, performing high-pressure casting at the temperature of 690-710 ℃ to obtain a die casting in a non-heat-treated state. The die casting parameters involved in the die casting process and the die casting mold used were the same as in example 1.
Example 6
The renewable non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy of the embodiment is prepared by recycling waste aluminum, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing in front of a furnace: cleaning the furnace bottom, and then starting to bake the furnace until the furnace wall is red; and (4) coating graphite powder on all the operating tools, and then drying and preheating.
(2) Preparing materials: and sorting and treating the recovered aluminum scraps. Then preparing metal Al ingots, metal Mg ingots, industrial Si, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn, metal Fe, al-Ti intermediate alloy, al-Be intermediate alloy and aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy according to the alloy composition proportion, properly considering the burning loss, and adding according to the required alloy component proportion.
(3) Charging and smelting: and sequentially adding 40% of metal Al ingot and 60% of scrap aluminum into a furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature at 670-690 ℃, sampling and analyzing after all the Al ingot and the scrap aluminum are molten, and then adding other elements according to the respective proportion. Heating, controlling the temperature to be 760 to 780 ℃, and then adding industrial silicon, metal Fe, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn for smelting.
(4) Refining and slagging-off: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt with qualified components at 740-760 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent to perform primary powder spraying refining and secondary powder spraying refining, controlling the interval time between the two refining processes at 50-60min, skimming after each refining process is finished, and removing the flux and the scum on the liquid surface.
(5) Adding other metal elements: when the temperature of the molten liquid is 740 to 760 ℃, adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, metal Mg and Al-Be intermediate alloy ingots into the furnace for smelting, and sampling and analyzing after obtaining an aluminum alloy melt.
(6) And (5) degassing in the furnace. Keeping the smelting temperature at 740 to 760 ℃, degassing in a furnace by using nitrogen for about 30 to 50min, and then standing for 15 to 30min.
(7) Die casting: and (3) after the stokehole components are analyzed to be qualified, performing high-pressure casting at the temperature of 690-710 ℃ to obtain a die casting in a non-heat-treated state. The die casting parameters involved in the die casting process and the die casting mold used were the same as in example 1.
Example 7
The renewable non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy of the embodiment is prepared by recycling waste aluminum, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing in front of a furnace: cleaning the furnace bottom, and then starting to bake the furnace until the furnace wall is red; and (4) coating graphite powder on all the operation tools, and then drying and preheating.
(2) Preparing materials: and sorting and treating the recovered aluminum scraps. Then preparing metal Mg ingot, industrial Si, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn, metal Fe, al-Ti intermediate alloy, al-Be intermediate alloy and aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy according to the alloy composition proportion as raw materials of each element in the aluminum alloy, and adding the raw materials according to the required alloy component proportion after properly considering the burning loss.
(3) Charging and smelting: adding 100% of aluminum scrap into a furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature at 670-690 ℃, sampling and analyzing after all the aluminum scrap is molten, and then adding other elements according to the proportion of each element. Heating, controlling the temperature to be 760 to 780 ℃, and then adding industrial silicon, metal Fe, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn for smelting.
(4) Refining and slagging off: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt with qualified components at 740-760 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent to perform primary powder spraying refining and secondary powder spraying refining, controlling the interval time between the two refining processes at 50-60min, skimming after each refining process is finished, and removing the flux and the scum on the liquid surface.
(5) Adding other metal elements: when the temperature of the molten liquid is 740 to 760 ℃, adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, metal Mg and Al-Be intermediate alloy ingots into the furnace for smelting, and sampling and analyzing after obtaining an aluminum alloy melt.
(6) And (4) degassing in the furnace. Keeping the smelting temperature at 740 to 760 ℃, degassing in the furnace by using nitrogen, wherein the degassing time is about 30 to 50min, and then standing for 15 to 30min.
(7) Die casting: and (3) after the stokehole components are analyzed to be qualified, performing high-pressure casting at the temperature of 690-710 ℃ to obtain a die casting in a non-heat-treated state. The die casting parameters involved in the die casting process and the die casting mold used were the same as in example 1.
The material prepared by the invention is die-casting aluminum alloy with high strength and high toughness under a non-heat treatment state, has excellent die-casting performance, and can meet the increasingly improved actual use requirements of high-quality high-performance aluminum alloy die castings in the automobile industry.
Table 1 shows the tensile mechanical properties at room temperature and the flow properties of the non-heat-treated castings obtained in comparative example 1 and examples 1 to 7.
Claims (7)
1. The non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is characterized in that the die-casting aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mg:1.0 to 3.5 percent; si:0.1 to 1.2 percent; fe:0.05 to 1.0 percent; mn:0.1% -1.1%; ti:0.05% -0.5%; be:0.001% -0.005%; total amount of La and Ce: 0.05% -0.5%; the balance of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is aluminum;
the non-heat-treated high-toughness die-casting aluminum alloy is prepared by the following method:
(1) Preparing in front of a furnace: cleaning the furnace bottom, and then starting to bake the furnace until the furnace wall is red; coating graphite powder on all the operating tools, and then drying and preheating;
(2) Preparing materials: preparing metal Al ingots, metal Mg ingots, industrial Si, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn, metal Fe, al-Ti intermediate alloy, al-Be intermediate alloy and aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy as raw materials of each element in the aluminum alloy, and adding the raw materials according to the proportion of the alloy components after properly considering the burning loss;
(3) Charging and melting: firstly, putting a metal Al ingot into a furnace for smelting, controlling the smelting temperature to be 670-690 ℃, heating after the aluminum ingot is completely molten, controlling the temperature to be 760-780 ℃, and then adding industrial silicon, metal Fe, al-Mn intermediate alloy or metal Mn for smelting;
(4) Refining and slagging off: controlling the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt at 740-760 ℃, uniformly stirring, adding a special aluminum alloy refining agent to perform primary powder spraying refining and secondary powder spraying refining, controlling the interval time between the two refining processes to be 50-60min, skimming after each refining process is finished, and removing a flux and scum on the liquid surface;
(5) Adding other metal elements: when the temperature of the molten liquid is 740 to 760 ℃, adding Al-Ti intermediate alloy, aluminum rare earth intermediate alloy, metal Mg and Al-Be intermediate alloy ingots into a furnace for smelting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt, and then sampling and analyzing;
(6) Degassing in a furnace: keeping the smelting temperature at 740 to 760 ℃, degassing in a furnace by using nitrogen for 30 to 50min, and then standing for 15 to 30min;
(7) Die casting: and after the stokehole components are analyzed to be qualified, high-pressure casting is carried out at the temperature of the molten aluminum of 690-710 ℃ to obtain the die casting in a non-heat treatment state.
2. A non-heat treated, high toughness die cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said die cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in weight percent: mg:1.0 to 1.5 percent; si:0.1% -1.2%; fe:0.05% -1.0%; mn:0.1% -1.1%; ti:0.05% -0.5%; be:0.001% -0.005%; total amount of La and Ce: 0.05 to 0.5 percent; the balance of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
3. A non-heat treated, high toughness die cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said die cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in weight percent: mg:1.5% -3.5%; si:0.1 to 1.2 percent; fe:0.05% -1.0%; mn:0.1 to 1.1 percent; ti:0.05% -0.5%; be:0.001% -0.005%; total amount of La and Ce: 0.05% -0.5%; the balance of other impurities is less than or equal to 0.25 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
4. A non-heat treated, high toughness die cast aluminum alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said die cast aluminum alloy has a tensile strength of 270MPa or more, a yield strength of 140MPa or more, and an elongation of 21% or more.
5. A non-heat treated, high toughness die cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said metallic Al ingot in step (2) is replaced with recycled scrap aluminum in whole or in part.
6. A non-heat treated high toughness die casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said die casting operation in step (7) is carried out with an injection time of 4.5s, a cooling time of 3s and a knockout pressure of 38MPa, and a die cast article in a non-heat treated state is obtained.
7. A non-heat treated high toughness die casting aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein the die casting mold used in the high pressure casting in the step (7) comprises a test bar having a diameter of 6.3mm and a mold for testing fluidity.
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