CN102304651B - Casting aluminum-silicon alloy and strengthening method thereof - Google Patents
Casting aluminum-silicon alloy and strengthening method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title abstract description 32
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 aluminium manganese Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021364 Al-Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001051 Magnalium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910018565 CuAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018569 Al—Zn—Mg—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021652 non-ferrous alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铸造铝硅合金，其化学成分为：硅9.0－11.0%，锌3.0－5.0%，镁0.4-1.0%，铜2.0－3.0%，锰≤0.3%，余为铝。本发明公开的一种铸造铸造铝硅合金的强化方法，包括以下步骤：1）熔炼工艺：A、装料，B、熔化及精炼，C、变质处理，D、浇注；2）热处理，A、固溶处理，B、时效处理。本发明的的强化方法在时效后能获得更多数量的强化相数量并得到强化效果好的强化相，其弥散强化使材料具有比ZL108更高的强度和硬度，组织中硬脆硅相的降低提高了材料塑性，材料铸造性能好，铸件产品质量和尺寸精度高。扩大了铸造铝硅合金的应用范围。The invention discloses a cast aluminum-silicon alloy, the chemical composition of which is: 9.0-11.0% silicon, 3.0-5.0% zinc, 0.4-1.0% magnesium, 2.0-3.0% copper, manganese≤0.3%, and the balance is aluminum. A method for strengthening cast aluminum-silicon alloy disclosed by the present invention comprises the following steps: 1) Melting process: A, charging, B, melting and refining, C, modification treatment, D, pouring; 2) heat treatment, A, Solution treatment, B, aging treatment. The strengthening method of the present invention can obtain a larger number of strengthening phases after aging and obtain a strengthening phase with a good strengthening effect. The dispersion strengthening makes the material have higher strength and hardness than ZL108, and the reduction of hard and brittle silicon phases in the structure The plasticity of the material is improved, the casting performance of the material is good, and the product quality and dimensional accuracy of the casting are high. The scope of application of cast aluminum-silicon alloy has been expanded.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种有色合金材料及强化方法，尤其涉及一种铸铝硅合金的强化方法，属于金属材料技术领域。The invention relates to a non-ferrous alloy material and a strengthening method, in particular to a strengthening method of a cast aluminum-silicon alloy, belonging to the technical field of metal materials.
背景技术 Background technique
铸造铝硅合金是一种重量轻、强度高的有色合金材料，广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、电力、军工、机械等领域。在铸造铝合金中应用最广泛的是包括ZL108在内的铸造铝硅系合金，它们具有容重小、强度高、铸造成形性好和加工性能优良等一系列优点，已成为制造业中最受重视的结构材料之一。但是，目前铸造Al-Si合金的铸态力学性能尚不尽人意，通过热处理虽然能提高其力学性能，但随着产品可靠性和使用寿命的要求越来越高，仍然不能满足工业生产的要求，因此人们正从各个不同的研究方向对铸态铝硅合金进行研究，以期提高其综合性能，例如加工硬化、固溶强化、异相强化、弥散强化、沉淀强化、晶界强化等。Cast aluminum-silicon alloy is a non-ferrous alloy material with light weight and high strength, which is widely used in aerospace, automobile, electric power, military industry, machinery and other fields. The most widely used cast aluminum alloys are cast aluminum-silicon alloys including ZL108. They have a series of advantages such as small bulk density, high strength, good casting formability and excellent processing performance, and have become the most valued in the manufacturing industry. One of the structural materials. However, the as-cast mechanical properties of cast Al-Si alloys are not satisfactory at present. Although the mechanical properties can be improved by heat treatment, it still cannot meet the requirements of industrial production as the requirements for product reliability and service life are getting higher and higher. , Therefore, people are studying cast aluminum-silicon alloys from various research directions in order to improve their comprehensive properties, such as work hardening, solid solution strengthening, heterogeneous strengthening, dispersion strengthening, precipitation strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, etc.
锌能扩大铜在铝中的溶解度，时效时能增加CuAl2强化相的数量，提高弥散强化效果。在含镁、铜等多元铝合金中，锌是形成强化相的元素，能显著提高铝合金的力学性能。锌也具有提高铸造铝合金塑性的作用。但目前很多研究都把在铸造铝硅合金中锌的添加量确定为1％，导致锌的潜在强化作用未能充分发挥。Zinc can expand the solubility of copper in aluminum, increase the number of CuAl 2 strengthening phases during aging, and improve the effect of dispersion strengthening. In multi-component aluminum alloys containing magnesium, copper, etc., zinc is an element that forms a strengthening phase, which can significantly improve the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. Zinc also has the effect of improving the plasticity of cast aluminum alloys. However, many current studies have determined the amount of zinc added in cast aluminum-silicon alloys to be 1%, resulting in the potential strengthening effect of zinc not being fully exerted.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种铸造铝硅合金及强化方法，该铸造铝硅合金及强化方法利用合金化原理，增加了在时效时析出的强化相CuAl2数量并得到强化效果好的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu化合物，减少硬脆相，提高了铸造铝硅合金的强度和硬度提高，并具有一定塑性。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of casting aluminum-silicon alloy and strengthening method, this casting aluminum-silicon alloy and strengthening method utilize alloying principle, have increased the strengthened phase CuAl that precipitates out during aging 2 Quantity and obtain The Al-Zn-Mg-Cu compound with good strengthening effect reduces the hard and brittle phase, improves the strength and hardness of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy, and has certain plasticity.
本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种铸造铝硅合金，化学成分按重量百分比计：硅9.0-11.0％，锌3.0-5.0％，镁0.4-1.0％，铜2.0-3.0％，锰≤0.3％，余为铝。A casting aluminum-silicon alloy, the chemical composition is calculated by weight percentage: 9.0-11.0% silicon, 3.0-5.0% zinc, 0.4-1.0% magnesium, 2.0-3.0% copper, manganese≤0.3%, and the rest is aluminum.
一种铸造铝硅合金的强化方法，包括以下步骤：A method for strengthening a cast aluminum-silicon alloy, comprising the following steps:
1)熔炼工艺1) Melting process
A、装料A. Loading
装料的顺序为：铝硅中间合金，纯铝锭，铝铜中间合金，铝锰中间合金，锌锭，其中锌锭在炉料熔化后660℃时加入；The order of charging is: aluminum-silicon master alloy, pure aluminum ingot, aluminum-copper master alloy, aluminum-manganese master alloy, zinc ingot, and the zinc ingot is added at 660°C after the furnace charge is melted;
B、熔化及精练B. Melting and refining
炉料装完之后，升温熔化。待炉料全部熔化后，除渣并加入熔剂；当温度达到680℃时，用钟罩将预热到200-300℃的铝镁中间合金压入熔池的一定深度处并缓慢回转和移动，时间为3-5min；然后升温到700-730℃，用占炉料总质量0.7-0.75％的精炼剂C2Cl6分2-3次用钟罩压入合金液内精炼合金液，总时间为10-15min，缓慢在炉内绕圈；待精炼完成后静置1-2min，取试样做炉前分析；After the charge is loaded, heat up and melt. After the charge is completely melted, remove the slag and add flux; when the temperature reaches 680°C, use a bell jar to press the aluminum-magnesium master alloy preheated to 200-300°C into a certain depth of the molten pool and slowly rotate and move for a period of time 3-5min; then raise the temperature to 700-730°C, and use the refining agent C 2 Cl accounting for 0.7-0.75% of the total mass of the charge to refine the alloy liquid by pressing it into the alloy liquid with a bell jar for 2-3 times in 6 minutes. The total time is 10 -15min, slowly circle in the furnace; after the refining is completed, let it stand for 1-2min, and take the sample for pre-furnace analysis;
C、变质处理C. Metamorphic treatment
当合金液温度达到700-730℃时，用占炉料总质量1.5％-2.5％的钠盐变质剂做变质处理，变质时间为15-18min；When the temperature of the alloy liquid reaches 700-730°C, use a sodium salt modification agent accounting for 1.5%-2.5% of the total mass of the charge for modification treatment, and the modification time is 15-18 minutes;
D、浇注D. Pouring
当变质完成后除渣并搅拌，然后静置5-10min。当温度达到730℃时，扒渣出炉浇注；When the metamorphosis is complete, remove the slag and stir, then let it stand for 5-10 minutes. When the temperature reaches 730°C, the slag is removed from the furnace for pouring;
2)热处理2) heat treatment
A、固溶处理：铸坯装炉升温至520-540℃保温，保温时间4-6h，出炉入水冷却，介质为60-100℃热水；A. Solid solution treatment: the cast slab is heated to 520-540°C for heat preservation, and the heat preservation time is 4-6h. It is cooled by water after it is taken out of the furnace, and the medium is hot water at 60-100°C;
B、时效处理：铸坯装炉升温至160-190℃保温，保温时间3-10h。B. Aging treatment: put the billet into the furnace and raise the temperature to 160-190°C for heat preservation, and the heat preservation time is 3-10h.
本发明的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
本发明的铸造铝硅合金利用合金化原理，按重量百分比计，通过加入3-5％锌，增加1-1.5％铜，降低2-3％硅。本发明的铸造铝硅合金由于加入了锌，增加了铜在铝中的固溶度，在时效时能析出较多的含铜化合物强化相，同时锌的加入增加了在时效时析出的强化相CuAl2的数量，能形成铝合金中强化效果最大的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu化合物。降低硅的含量有助于减少硬脆的硅相，提高材料塑性。由于锌熔化温度低，提高了材料流动性，锌的加入消除了降低硅含量带来的材料铸造性能下降的可能性，使铸造铝硅合金强度和硬度提高，并具有一定塑性。铸件的表面质量及尺寸精度都较高。The cast aluminum-silicon alloy of the invention utilizes the principle of alloying, by adding 3-5% zinc, increasing 1-1.5% copper and reducing 2-3% silicon. Since the cast aluminum-silicon alloy of the present invention is added with zinc, the solid solubility of copper in aluminum is increased, and more copper-containing compound strengthening phases can be precipitated during aging, and the addition of zinc increases the strengthening phase precipitated during aging. The amount of CuAl 2 can form the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu compound with the largest strengthening effect in aluminum alloys. Reducing the silicon content helps to reduce the hard and brittle silicon phase and improve the plasticity of the material. Due to the low melting temperature of zinc, the fluidity of the material is improved, and the addition of zinc eliminates the possibility of the decrease in the casting performance of the material caused by the reduction of silicon content, so that the strength and hardness of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy are improved, and it has a certain degree of plasticity. The surface quality and dimensional accuracy of castings are high.
本发明的强化方法在时效后能获得更多数量的强化相数量并得到强化效果好的强化相，其弥散强化使材料具有比ZL108更高的强度和硬度，同样热处理状态下，强度提高11.5-25.0％，硬度提高27.0-38.0％。组织中硬脆硅相的降低提高了材料塑性，在本发明的热处理条件下，延伸率达到2.6-3.2％。材料铸造性能好，铸件产品质量和尺寸精度高；与ZL108相比，采用本发明的强化方法使得铸造铝硅合金有更大的应用范围。The strengthening method of the present invention can obtain a larger number of strengthening phases after aging and obtain a strengthening phase with a good strengthening effect. The dispersion strengthening makes the material have higher strength and hardness than ZL108. Under the same heat treatment state, the strength increases by 11.5- 25.0%, the hardness increased by 27.0-38.0%. The reduction of the hard and brittle silicon phase in the structure improves the plasticity of the material, and under the heat treatment conditions of the present invention, the elongation reaches 2.6-3.2%. The casting performance of the material is good, and the casting product quality and dimensional accuracy are high; compared with ZL108, the strengthening method of the present invention enables the cast aluminum-silicon alloy to have a wider application range.
本发明的优点和特点，将通过下面优选实施例的非限制性说明进解释，这些实施例是仅作为例子给出的。The advantages and characteristics of the present invention will be explained by the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments, which are given as examples only.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下为本发明的三个实施例，本发明不限于以下三个实施例。The following are three embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following three embodiments.
本发明的铸造铝硅合金化学成分按重量百分比计：硅9.0-11.0％，锌3.0-5.0％，镁0.4-1.0％，铜2.0-3.0％，锰≤0.3％，余为铝。The chemical composition of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy of the invention is calculated by weight percentage: 9.0-11.0% of silicon, 3.0-5.0% of zinc, 0.4-1.0% of magnesium, 2.0-3.0% of copper, manganese≤0.3%, and the rest is aluminum.
本发明的铸造铸造铝硅合金的强化方法，包括以下步骤：The strengthening method of cast aluminum-silicon alloy of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1)熔炼1) Smelting
A、装料A. Loading
装料的顺序为：铝硅中间合金，纯铝锭，铝铜中间合金，铝锰中间合金，锌锭，其中锌锭在炉料熔化后660℃时加入；The order of charging is: aluminum-silicon master alloy, pure aluminum ingot, aluminum-copper master alloy, aluminum-manganese master alloy, zinc ingot, and the zinc ingot is added at 660°C after the furnace charge is melted;
B、熔化及精炼B. Melting and refining
炉料装完之后，升温熔化。待炉料全部熔化后，除渣并加入熔剂；当温度达到680℃时，用钟罩将预热到200-300℃的铝镁中间合金压入熔池的一定深度处并缓慢回转和移动，时间为3-5min；然后升温到700-730℃，用占炉料总质量0.7-0.75％的精炼剂C2Cl6分2-3次用钟罩压入合金液内精炼合金液，总时间为10-15min，缓慢在炉内绕圈；待精炼完成后静置1-2min，取试样做炉前分析；After the charge is loaded, heat up and melt. After the charge is completely melted, remove the slag and add flux; when the temperature reaches 680°C, use a bell jar to press the aluminum-magnesium master alloy preheated to 200-300°C into a certain depth of the molten pool and slowly rotate and move for a period of time 3-5min; then raise the temperature to 700-730°C, and use the refining agent C 2 Cl accounting for 0.7-0.75% of the total mass of the charge to refine the alloy liquid by pressing it into the alloy liquid with a bell jar for 2-3 times in 6 minutes. The total time is 10 -15min, slowly circle in the furnace; after the refining is completed, let it stand for 1-2min, and take the sample for pre-furnace analysis;
C、变质处理C. Metamorphic treatment
当合金液温度达到700-730℃时，用占炉料总质量1.5％-2.5％的钠盐变质剂做变质处理，变质时间为15-18min；When the temperature of the alloy liquid reaches 700-730°C, use a sodium salt modification agent accounting for 1.5%-2.5% of the total mass of the charge for modification treatment, and the modification time is 15-18 minutes;
D、浇注D. Pouring
当变质完成后除渣并搅拌，然后静置5-10min。当温度达到730℃时，扒渣出炉浇注；When the metamorphosis is complete, remove the slag and stir, then let it stand for 5-10 minutes. When the temperature reaches 730°C, the slag is removed from the furnace for pouring;
2)热处理2) heat treatment
A、固溶处理：铸坯装炉升温至520-540℃保温，保温时间4-6h，出炉入水冷却，介质为60-100℃热水；A. Solid solution treatment: the casting billet is heated to 520-540°C for heat preservation, and the heat preservation time is 4-6h. It is cooled in water after being taken out of the furnace, and the medium is hot water at 60-100°C;
B、时效处理：铸坯装炉升温至160-190℃保温，保温时间3-10h。B. Aging treatment: put the billet into the furnace and raise the temperature to 160-190°C for heat preservation, and the heat preservation time is 3-10h.
本发明的三个实施例的材料成分和力学性能见表1。See Table 1 for the material composition and mechanical properties of the three embodiments of the present invention.
表1实施例的材料成分和力学性能The material composition and mechanical properties of the embodiment of table 1
表1中三个实施例热处理采用统一工艺：固溶处理：温度525℃，时间6h，冷却介质为60-100℃热水；时效处理：温度180℃，时间10h。The heat treatment of the three examples in Table 1 adopts a unified process: solution treatment: temperature 525°C, time 6h, cooling medium is hot water at 60-100°C; aging treatment: temperature 180°C, time 10h.
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式，凡采用等同替换或等效变换形式的技术方案，均落在本发明要求的保护范围内。In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention can also have other implementations, and all technical solutions in the form of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
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| CN101018881A (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2007-08-15 | 美铝公司 | An Al-Si-Mg-Zn-Cu alloy for aerospace and automotive castings |
| CN102146542A (en) * | 2011-03-26 | 2011-08-10 | 河南理工大学 | High-strength and high-toughness cast Al-Si-Mg alloy |
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