CN111278503A - 离子电渗微针装置 - Google Patents
离子电渗微针装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111278503A CN111278503A CN201880070643.XA CN201880070643A CN111278503A CN 111278503 A CN111278503 A CN 111278503A CN 201880070643 A CN201880070643 A CN 201880070643A CN 111278503 A CN111278503 A CN 111278503A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于透皮药物递送系统(TDDS)的医疗药物装置,包括新的离子电渗聚合物微针装置及其在给药中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明处于医疗药物装置的领域,并且涉及透皮药物递送系统(TDDS)。本发明提供一种新的离子电渗微针装置及其在经由透皮递送药物的给药中用于预防和治疗的用途。
背景技术
生物和药物产品的口服给药受限于胃肠道或肝脏中差的药物吸收和/或首过效应代谢。最常见的替代方式是通过皮下/肌肉内注射或静脉输注给药。然而,使用皮下注射针具有若干缺点,包括与注射有关的疼痛,需要受过训练的人员来给药,药物成本和无菌性。另一个缺点是这些给药途径(静脉输注除外)会导致血浆中药物浓度的波动,这可导致毒性作用或无效的治疗。
例如,琥珀酸舒马曲坦或舒马曲坦作为一种非常有吸引力的活性药物成分(API),被认为是处方抗偏头痛治疗的黄金标准。目前,舒马曲坦以几种剂型递送,包括鼻内和口服,还有皮下和离子电渗。但是,每种方法都有其自身的局限性,这可能会极大地降低患者遵从治疗的意愿。例如,当个人已经因偏头痛而无行为能力时,则难以进行皮下注射来给药。口服片剂和鼻喷雾剂通常具有低生物利用度,分别不超过15%和14%,并且有可能伴有恶心和呕吐的副作用。
一种有吸引力的微创替代方法可以是使用透皮系统(TDDS),即所谓的透皮贴剂,该贴剂能够自我给药并允许以受控且仍可靠的速率通过皮肤递送药物。由于皮肤的强表皮屏障,透皮技术目前仅限于亲脂性小分子的API。几种物理和化学渗透方法如化学增强剂、离子电渗或微针已被研究以提高通过皮肤的扩散和药物吸收。这些方法的主要目的在于破坏皮肤角质层的脂质双层结构,以增加渗透性并促进药物的系统吸收。这些方法在实验室研究中显示出了希望,但获得的临床和商业成功有限。
微针(MN)被开发为微创的透皮系统,并且有望也通过皮肤递送大分子或亲水性化合物的API。这样的微针可有效地绕过角质层和表皮并越过其以实现在下层真皮中的药物系统吸收。它们通常设计有微尺寸针的阵列,用于利用微米尺寸的“孔”刺穿表皮,并生成通道以用于使药物直接流入富含毛细血管的下层真皮中,并提供药物的即时系统循环。
各个微针的设计高度约为50-900μm并且表面密度约为2000针/cm2或更少。这些尺寸允许针刺穿并渗透角质层和真皮,但不延伸到神经纤维和血管。
已知的微针由诸如硅、金属或聚合物的材料制造,并且以诸如圆锥体、角锥体或圆柱体的几何形状形成,并且以圆形、三角形或正方形的阵列布置。
目前,五种不同类型的微针阵列(MN)正在开发中:固体MN、包覆MN、可溶解MN、中空MN和水凝胶MN。例如,使用中空MN的流感疫苗接种目前在临床上广泛使用。
溶解性微针(DMN)由水溶性生物可降解聚合物制成,该聚合物将API掺入微针阵列内。所述针被插入表皮,它们在该处在数分钟内溶解,将API释放到皮肤和真皮层中,以快速分配到体液中。在使用后,不会残留任何尖的医疗废物需要处置。已经表明,在该过程中产生的皮肤刺穿是无痛的并且在3天内愈合。
离子电渗和微针技术的结合已被证明可以提高大分子通过皮肤的吸收,同时调节药物的递送速率。离子电渗是通过施加局部电流将带电粒子通过皮肤引入到体内的技术。
与单独使用微针或离子电渗相比,利用加载有大分子(例如牛胰岛素)的聚(甲基乙烯基醚-马来酸)(PMVE/Ma)微针的体外实验表明通过猪皮肤的递送有所增加(Garland,Martin J.,等人,“Dissolving Polymeric Microneedle Arrays for ElectricallyAssisted Transdermal Drug Delivery.”J.of Controlled Release 159(2012),52-59)。使用与离子电渗结合的麦芽糖微针在无毛鼠上进行的体外研究显示出,甲氨蝶呤的递送量增加了25倍(Vemulapalli,V.等人,“Synergistic effect of iontophoresis andsoluble microneedles for transdermal delivery of methotrexate.”J.PharmPharmacol.60(2008),27-33)。不过,这些组合的技术是有限的,并且仅适用于基础研究的规模。
US 7,226,439描述了一种微针装置,其使用中空微针以用于通过在微针上方压制包含药物的储器来跨生物组织递送药物。
US 7,437,189B2描述了一种离子电渗装置,其能够使用低电流或电压条件将高分子量的可电离药物递送至活体。
US 2009/0082713A1描述了一种方法,其中使用微针装置将皮肤微穿孔,然后在微穿孔之后,使用离子电渗通过经微穿孔的皮肤施用肽分子。
发明内容
提供了一种新的离子电渗聚合物微针阵列装置,用于通过皮肤透皮递送生物大分子或药物大分子。该微针阵列由包含封装的分子的溶解性生物可降解的可溶性聚合物溶液组成。
该装置将消除任何一种技术固有的缺陷。例如,微针系统在患者收到治疗效果之前具有固有的滞后时间。通过离子电渗施加电流会增加药物扩散以减少滞后效应。然后可以调节电流以对患者产生持续的治疗剂量。
此外,该离子电渗装置所需的电流量得以减少。微针穿透角质层屏障,减少了迫使药物分子进入真皮层所需的总电能。这以较小的电池需求来减小离子电渗装置的尺寸,这潜在地导致更有效和更长的处理能力。
在第一方面中,提供用于通过皮肤递送大分子化合物(API)的聚合物微针阵列,其具有多个微尺度的且固体的微针。根据本发明,该微针由干燥的聚合物构成。干燥之前的液体聚合物组合物包含:
作为粘结剂的水溶性聚合物,其量为15-40%重量,优选为20-30%重量;
润湿剂/软化剂,其量为小于2%重量,优选0.5-1.5%重量,最优选约1%重量;和
表面活性剂,其量为小于2%重量,优选0.05-1.0%重量,最优选约0.1%重量;
以及
封装在其中的大分子化合物(API),其量为1-15%重量,优选为5-10%重量。
在与此相关的第二方面中,提供主动(active)透皮贴剂(patch)装置,特别是微离子电渗装置,用于通过患者皮肤递送大分子化合物(API)。根据本发明,该装置包括:
具有可控电流源的电源
电连接至该电源的第一皮肤电极即阴极,以及
电连接至该电源的第二皮肤电极即阳极,
该第二皮肤电极即阳极包括如本文所述的本发明的聚合物微针阵列。
第三方面是用于制备如本文所述的本发明的聚合物微针阵列的方法。本发明的方法包括以下步骤:
(a)在水中溶解:
作为粘结剂的水溶性聚合物,优选地其量为15-40%重量,更优选为20-30%重量;
润湿剂/软化剂,优选地其量为小于2%重量或0.5-1.5%重量,最优选约1%重量,和
表面活性剂,优选地其量为小于2%重量或0.05-1.0%重量,最优选约0.1%重量,和
大分子化合物(API),优选地其量为1-15%重量,更优选为5-10%重量,
以制备液体聚合物组合物;其中%重量是相对于干燥前的该液体聚合物组合物给出的;
(b)在具有待产生的微阵列的阴性形式的柔性模具中模塑该液体聚合物组合物;
(c)干燥模具内的聚合物组合物;和
(d)从模具中移出具有形成的固体微针的经干燥的聚合物微针阵列。
获得具有封装于其中的大分子化合物(API)的聚合物微针阵列。由于所用聚合物组分的溶解性,该聚合物微针阵列在与皮肤接触时是可溶解的。
本发明的第四方面是用于向患者透皮给药大分子API的方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)通过将具有在其中封装的大分子API的本发明聚合物微针阵列置于患者皮肤上或患者皮肤内而对患者的皮肤进行微穿孔(microporating),从而允许微针穿透皮肤的角质层,并且
(b)通过所述微针阵列施加阳极电流(+),以使封装在其中的带正电的大分子API从微针释放到患者的皮肤内。
释放的API的量可以通过流过微阵列的阳极电流(+)的水平来控制。为了产生电流,使用微离子电渗装置。
本发明的又另一个相关方面是用于预防和/或治疗遭受偏头痛的患者的偏头痛的方法,包括通过使用具有舒马曲坦作为封装在其中的大分子API的本发明聚合物微针阵列并且通过应用上述第四方面的方法的步骤来透皮给药舒马曲坦作为大分子API。
冠词“a”和“an”在本文中用于指代该冠词的语法对象中的一个或多个一个(即至少一个)。举例来说,“an element”是指一个元件或多于一个元件。
如本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关联的所列项目的任何和所有组合。
当提及可测量值(例如数量、持续时间等)时,本文使用的“约”表示计算或测量允许数值的一些轻微的不精确性(采用一些方法达到数值的精确性;或大致或合理接近该值;几乎地)。如果由于某种原因,由“约”提供的不精确性在本领域中以这种普通含义不能理解,则本文所用的“约”至少表示可能由测量或使用此类参数的常规方法所引起的变化。
本发明的以上概述并不旨在描述本发明的每种公开的实施方案或每种实施方式。以下的详细描述更特别地举例说明了示例性的实施方案。
附图说明
图1:可溶解微针示意图,用于快速或受控释放封装在微针内的药物。
图2:微针阵列和单个针的显微镜图像;(A-B)F1微针;(C-D)F2微针;(E-F)F3微针;(G-H)F4微针。
图3:利用3-点弯曲装置力-位移曲线的质构分析;(A)F1微针;(B)F2微针;(C)F3微针;(D)F4微针。平均值,n=3。
图4:32小时后加载琥珀酸舒马曲坦(SS)的微针的渗透曲线;(A)F1微针,F1对照(微针在皮肤上倒置),F1对照+胶带剥离(15x)和参考溶液(5mg/mL琥珀酸舒马曲坦);(B)F2微针,F2对照,F2对照+胶带剥离(15x)和参考溶液;(C)F3微针和参考溶液。平均值±SD,n=3;参考溶液,n=6。
图5:8小时后加载琥珀酸舒马曲坦(SS)的微针的渗透曲线;F1微针,电流为0.6mA/cm^2(平均值±SD,n=3),仅F1微针(平均值±SD,n=2)。
图6:扩散实验后的小型猪组织样品的照片和显微镜图像。(A)空白小型猪组织样品的照片;(B-C)用含硝嗪黄色指示剂(蓝色染料)的F2微针阵列处理的小型猪皮肤的照片;(D)空白小型猪组织的显微镜图像(10x mag);(E)用F1微针阵列(无指示剂)处理的小型猪皮肤的显微镜图像(10x mag);(F)用F1微针阵列(无指示剂)处理的小型猪皮肤的显微镜图像(50magn)。
图7:(A-B)20%PVP DMN阵列导致气泡和成珠效应(beading effect)的照片;(C-D)制剂F3的照片,显示出柔性DMN阵列,没有气泡或卷边效果。
图8:本发明的透皮药物递送装置的示意图,包括具有可控电流源的电源(10)和各自与电源(10)电连接的两个皮肤电极(20,30)。阴极(30)可以直接与患者的皮肤(50)接触。阴极电流(-)可以通过电源(10)和阴极(30)施加到皮肤组织。根据本发明,阳极(20)由聚合物微针阵列(22)组成或带有聚合物微针阵列(22)。在该装置连接到患者皮肤时,阳极微针阵列(22)的微针可穿透皮肤,从而穿过角质层(52)进入表皮(54)的下层组织。阳极电流可通过电源(10)和阳极(20)施加到皮肤组织。聚合物微针中封装的API的带电分子通过电动势主动释放,并进入表皮(54)的组织,并最终进入患者的循环系统。
具体实施方式
聚合物微针阵列由液体聚合物组合物制备,该液体聚合物组合物在干燥之前包含一种溶剂(特别是水),作为粘结剂的水溶性聚合物(其是主要组分),并且还包含润湿剂/软化剂和表面活性剂,大分子化合物(API)被封装在这种聚合物组合物中。在该聚合物组合物的干燥期间,大多数的溶剂(即水)挥发。
应指出,其他赋形剂如缓冲剂、pH-调节剂、溶剂、增溶剂或稳定剂等可以少量存在,这主要取决于在该聚合物组合物中所要包含/封装的API的化学和物理性质。但是,在一种特别的实施方案中,该聚合物组合物没有这类其他赋形剂,并提供了仅由水溶性聚合物、润湿剂/软化剂、表面活性剂和封装的大分子化合物(API)组成的聚合物微针阵列。
本发明的微针阵列基本上由水溶性或可生物降解的聚合物组成,以形成固体可溶解的微针。这类可生物降解的聚合物优选选自羟基酸如乳酸和乙醇酸聚丙交酯,聚乙交酯,聚丙交酯-共-乙交酯,以及具有PEG的共聚物,聚酸酐,聚原酸酯,聚氨酯,聚丁酸,聚戊酸,聚(丙交酯-共-己内酯)等。在一种更优选的实施方案中,该水溶性可降解聚合物是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP),最优选的是中等粘度PVP,其平均分子量(Mw)为30,000至50,000并且优选为约40,000,通常以PVP-K30聚合物获得。
优选的润湿剂和软化剂优选包括尿素,多元醇如甘油(glycerin),山梨糖醇,木糖醇或低分子量PEG,1-2-丙二醇,二丙二醇,聚乙二醇,1,3-丁二醇或1,2,6-己三醇,α-羟基酸,二甲聚硅氧烷,甲基葡糖醇聚醚-20,浮游生物提取物和甘露醇。优选的之一是甘油。
优选的表面活性剂是非离子表面活性剂或乳化剂。非离子表面活性剂包括聚乙氧基化物,脂肪醇(例如鲸蜡醇聚醚-20(具有平均约20个环氧乙烷单元的聚环氧乙烷的鲸蜡醚)和其他可从ICI Americas,Inc.(Wilmington,Del.)获得的"BRIJ".RTM.非离子表面活性剂),椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱,烷基酚,山梨糖醇的脂肪酸酯,脱水山梨糖醇或聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇。
乳化剂可以降低相之间的界面张力并改善乳液的配方和稳定性。乳化剂可以是非离子、阳离子、阴离子和两性离子乳化剂(参见McCutcheon's(1986);美国专利号5,011,681;4,421,769;3,755,560,它们针对乳化剂通过引用被并入本文)。非限制性的实例包括甘油的酯,丙二醇的酯,聚乙二醇的脂肪酸酯,聚丙二醇的脂肪酸酯,山梨糖醇的酯,脱水山梨醇酐的酯,羧酸共聚物,葡萄糖的酯和醚,乙氧基化的醚,乙氧基化的醇,烷基磷酸酯,聚氧乙烯脂肪醚磷酸酯,脂肪酸酰胺,酰基乳酸酯,皂,TEA硬脂酸酯,DEA油醇聚醚-3磷酸酯,聚乙二醇20脱水山梨醇单月桂酸酯(聚山梨酯20),聚乙二醇5大豆甾醇,硬脂醇聚醚-2,硬脂醇聚醚-20,硬脂醇聚醚-21,鲸蜡硬脂醇聚醚-20,PPG-2甲基葡萄糖醚二硬脂酸酯,鲸蜡醇聚醚-10,聚山梨酯80,鲸蜡醇磷酸酯,鲸蜡醇磷酸酯钾,二乙醇胺鲸蜡醇磷酸酯,聚山梨酯60,硬脂酸甘油酯,PEG-100硬脂酸酯及其混合物。优选的之一是聚山梨酯80。
在优选的实施方案中,封装在聚合物微针阵列中的药物或化合物(API)是大分子的并且是亲水的。在更优选的实施方案中,该API选自生物碱,优选神经活性生物碱,及其混合物。最优选的API是抗偏头痛剂舒马曲坦(CAS登记号:103628-46-2)或其衍生物,特别是琥珀酸舒马曲坦。
为了制备本发明的聚合物微针阵列,优选以本文其他各处所述的特定量溶解聚合物组合物的所有组分,优选将PVP、甘油、聚山梨酯80和API溶解在作为优选溶剂的水中。可以将约2mL的液体聚合物溶液倒入阴模中,该阴模是柔性的,并且优选由干燥的硅弹性体制成。微针阵列的形式由易碎模具提供。模具优选在室温下干燥过夜。干燥后,可将固体微针阵列从模具剥离,并可将其保存在密封的抗湿容器中。
实施例
1、化学品和试剂
来自Meohs Fine Chemicals(Iberica SL)的琥珀酸舒马曲坦[3-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]-N-甲基-吲哚-5-甲烷-磺酰胺琥珀酸盐(1:1)](MW=413.5),聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(Kollidon K30,MW=40,000,BASF(德国Ludwigshafen);来自P&G Chemicals(Cincinnati,OH)的甘油(glycerine);来自Croda(New Castle,DE)的聚山梨酯80;以及来自Alfa Aesar(Ward Hill,MA)的硝嗪黄。
2、舒马曲坦微针阵列的制备
为了制备具有封装的琥珀酸舒马曲坦的可溶性微针配制剂;将PVP、甘油、聚山梨酯80和琥珀酸舒马曲坦溶解在水中以形成2.0mL溶液。
铂固化硅(PDMS)微针阵列的阴模从LTS Lohmann Therapie-Systeme AG(德国Andernach)获取。使用由Ripolin等人描述的方法(“Successful application of largemicroneedle patches by human volunteers.”Int.J.Pharm.521(2017),92-101),用PVP-舒马曲坦溶液填充有机硅PDMS模具。
接着,将模具在环境条件和室温下在工作台上干燥过夜。将干燥的微针阵列小心地从模具上剥离,并将其保存在密封的抗湿容器中。
采用相同的操作程序来制备四种不同的PVP-舒马曲坦(PVP-S)微针配制剂。使用表1中列出的PVP-S溶液的浓度制备微针阵列。
配制剂 | 琥珀酸舒马曲坦 | PVP | 甘油 | PS 80 |
F1 | 10.0 | 30.0 | 1% | 1% |
F2 | 5.0 | 30.0 | 1% | 1% |
F3 | 5.0 | 20.0 | 1% | 1% |
F4 | 15.0 | 30.0 | 1% | 1% |
表1列出了干燥前的微针湿组合物(%重量)。DMN包含水溶性聚合物PVP作为粘结剂,甘油作为润湿剂和软化剂并且聚山梨酯80作为表面活性剂。
舒马曲坦在较高的F4配制浓度(15%重量)下不能完全溶解到溶液中。但是,生产了F4 DMN阵列来表征较高药物浓度对DMN物理性能的影响。
在考虑制造问题的同时开发了微针阵列配制剂和加工程序。为此,我们关注利用常用混合器可容易地混合以形成水溶液的材料。所得系统应易于脱气。亲水性琥珀酸舒马曲坦化合物是使用易溶的中等粘度聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30聚合物配制的。聚合物溶解在水中,并且易于在缓慢混合或置于工作台上脱气。
初始实验用20%重量的PVP和水配制DMN,导致获得含有气泡的玻璃状易碎的DMN阵列。这种溶液显示出高的表面张力,从而导致防止溶液完全覆盖DMN圆形模具的成珠效应。加入聚山梨酯80作为表面活性剂来降低表面张力并使起泡和成珠效应最小化。加入甘油作为润湿剂来保留水分并增加柔性以应用于不均匀的皮肤表面(图7)。
3、微针阵列的显微镜表征
使用光学显微镜(Nikon Optiphot-2,Nikon,日本)、数字瞄准镜(Nikon D5-Fi1,Nikon Corp,日本)和成像软件(NIS-Elements,Nikon,日本)对微针阵列进行视觉表征。
无论PVP-S组成如何,所有微针均保持一致的外观、形状和尺寸。每个阵列都具有不透明的灰白色外观,并在10mm直径圆形区域中包含600根针。单个的针为角锥体的形式,高度为500μm,底宽为300μm。DMN之间的间距(中心到中心)为350μm(图2)。
4、微针阵列的机械测试
需要使用拉伸测试机(TA.XTPlus,Stable Microsystems Ltd,Godalming,UK)来评价DMN是否能够穿透皮肤。使用配备有3-点弯曲装置(HPD/3PB,Stable MicrosystemsLtd,Godalming,UK)的压缩模式的仪器测量微针阵列的机械失效力。在进行测试之前,将微针在25℃和45%相对湿度下保存24小时以上。一旦将单个微针阵列加载到固定支架上,传感器探头则以0.1mm/s的速度向DMN施加轴向力。当达到最大位移(5mm)或力降至低于阈值(<0.1N)时,测试中止。
利用配备有3-点弯曲装置的质构仪确定针的机械性能。使DMN阵列经受5mm(0.1mm/s)的轴向位移,以测量DMN的失效力。在测试期间没有DMN阵列断裂。针对所有配制剂生成基于平均力值(n=3)的力对位移的曲线(类似于应力-应变曲线)(图3)。在机械测试之前和之后,使用光学显微镜检查所述针。施加的力导致一些针弯曲但没有破裂(即断裂)。
5、皮肤准备和TEWL测量
整个雌性小型猪皮肤组织样品均获自Ellegaard Minipigs Agricultural Service(Dalmose,丹麦)。将组织在室温下解冻并用水冲洗。使用电动皮刀Acculan 3TI(Aesculap AG,Tuttlingen,德国)将小型猪背部的皮肤切成800μm的厚度。经皮刀切割的皮肤被冲压成25mm直径的样品、冷冻并保存以在9个月内使用。
微针穿透也可以通过使用TEWL装置(Biox AquaFlux,AF200,英国伦敦)测量经表皮水损失(TEWL)来评价。在将微针阵列插入皮肤之前和之后,对选定的小型猪皮肤样品进行这种评价。为了比较,还使用胶带剥离法在去除角质层之前和之后进行测试。这项技术在于将直径3/4”(19mm)的标准丙烯酸胶带施加到皮肤的角质层一侧10秒钟,然后去除。重复该过程15次,以确保完全去除角质层。
使用经表皮水损失(TEWL)评价微针应用对小型猪皮肤屏障功能的影响。水损失含量被用来测量使用配制剂1的处理前和处理后小型猪皮肤样品的质量(表2)。将DMN阵列施加到皮肤上并保持就位15秒,然后去除。将这与使用胶带剥离法(15x)去除角质层之前和之后小型猪皮肤的结果进行比较。
表2显示小型猪皮肤的TEWL分析结果。(A)用配制剂F1微针处理15秒之前和之后;(B)胶带剥离之前和之后(15x);平均值±SD。
6、体外扩散研究
实验是在垂直Franz池(Glastechnik,德国)中进行的,扩散面积为1.595cm2。将皮肤解冻并放置在工作台上,角质层朝上。为了模拟实际条件,不用水对样品进行预润湿。使用定制装置将预先制备的PVP-S微针阵列引入真皮层,以提供标准化的应用条件,在插入过程中该条件会在微针阵列上施加均匀的脉冲力(约150N/cm2)。在该处理之后,将皮肤样品轻轻地放入Franz池中,并使DMN的底部面向供体隔室。接收池充填10mL含叠氮化钠(0.1%,w/w)的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.4)(PBS),搅拌并控制在32℃。在预定的时间间隔内,将接收溶液完全抽出,并用新鲜的PBS替换以保持水槽条件。通过在5mL甲醇中摇动皮肤切片24小时提取体外扩散实验后残留在样品中的药物残余物。
使用高效液相色谱(HPLC)系统(Jasco LC-2000Plus系列,日本东京)分析从接收隔室抽出的等分试样。HPLC配备有UV检测器(Jasco2077)和C18 Kromasil色谱柱(250x4.6mm,5μm,VDS Optilab,德国柏林)。流动相由磷酸二氢钠溶液和乙腈的混合物组成(pH3.2(90:10)),其以1.5mL/min的速率流动。注入体积为20μL并且UV检测设定在227nm。
使用由配制剂F1、F2和F3制备的微针阵列测量API跨越雌性小型猪皮肤的透皮扩散。在32-小时的周期内记录所有三种配制剂中药物的累积量(μg/cm2)。还进行了被动扩散(对照)实验,以与应用于倒置小型猪皮肤(即针朝上)的微针阵列(配制剂F1和F2)进行比较。在通过胶带剥离法(15x)去除角质层后,在微型猪皮肤上使用倒置微针阵列(配制剂F1和F2)进行其他被动扩散实验。确定来自参考供体溶液的透皮输送(图4),该参考供体溶液包含在PBS中5mg/ml的舒马曲坦(pH 7.4)。
记录或计算数据(表3),包括微针载药量(μg/cm2);累积量,Q(μg/cm2);24-小时释放的百分比;舒马曲坦稳态通量,Jss(μg/cm2hr);皮肤中保留的舒马曲坦(μg/cm2)和滞后时间(hr)。对于所有实验,均采用累积通量曲线的稳态部分的斜率来近似稳态通量和滞后时间(hr)。稳态通量发生在2-8小时内的微针阵列和胶带剥离的倒置样品中。对照和参考样品需要24-32小时才能达到稳态通量。通过将样品溶解在甲醇中而从皮肤中提取药物。
表3列出了32小时后Franz池实验的琥珀酸舒马曲坦的扩散数据。平均值±SD。
在扩散之后,对皮肤样品进行视觉检查,以确定微针是否完全溶解并穿透皮肤。有可能实施此操作程序的原因在于,在皮肤中呈现蓝色的指示剂(硝嗪黄,0.01%w/w)被添加到了大多数微针中。对于配制剂F1、F2、F3来说微针阵列完全溶解,并显示穿透皮肤。
利用配制剂F2微针处理的皮肤照片显示了皮肤中的阵列图案,其中深蓝色的标记处微针穿透皮肤(图6)。在显微镜下观察到用F1微针(无硝嗪黄指示剂)处理的小型猪皮肤中的针空腔(图6)。图6是用光学显微镜(英国Woking的Swift-Duo Vision Engineering)和成像软件(英国Woking的M3 Metrology,Vision Engineering)制作的。
在单独的实验中,使用由配制剂F1制备的微针阵列,跨越雌性小型猪皮肤测量使用离子电渗(即电流)的API的主动透皮扩散。对于离子电渗样品,将0.6mA/cm2的电流施加跨越位于微针上的阳极电极和位于Franz池接收隔室中的阴极电极。在8-小时周期内记录配制剂中药物的累积量(μg/cm2)。为了进行比较,使用相同批次的雌性小型猪皮肤进行使用微针阵列的非离子电渗扩散实验。酌情选择8-小时的周期是因为大多数离子电渗处理(治疗)方案少于8小时。
记录或计算数据(表4),包括微针载药量(μg/cm2);累积量,Q(μg/cm2);8-小时释放的百分比;舒马曲坦稳态通量,Jss(μg/cm2hr);皮肤中保留的舒马曲坦(μg/cm2)和滞后时间(hr)。对于所有实验,均采用累积通量曲线的稳态部分的斜率来近似稳态通量和滞后时间(hr)。稳态通量发生在4-8小时内的微针阵列和胶带剥离的倒置样品中。
表4列出了8小时后Franz池实验的琥珀酸舒马曲坦的主动扩散数据;平均值±SD;离子电渗使用0.6mA/cm2的电流。
本文公开的所有参考文献通过引用并入。尽管本文出于说明优选实施方案的目的已经例示和描述了特定的实施方案,但本领域技术人员将理解,在不背离本发明范围的情况下可用经计算实现相同目的的各种替代或等效实施方式来替换所示出和描述的特定实施方案。本申请旨在覆盖本文所讨论的优选实施方案的任何改变或变型。因此,显然意图是本发明仅由权利要求书及其等同物限制。
Claims (16)
1.通过皮肤递送大分子化合物(API)的聚合物微针阵列,其具有多个微尺度的且固体的微针,该微针由干燥的聚合物组合物构成,该组合物包含:
15-40%重量的作为粘结剂的水溶性聚合物,
小于2%重量的润湿剂/软化剂,和
小于2%重量的表面活性剂;
以及
封装在其中的1-15%重量的大分子化合物(API),
其中该%重量相对于干燥前的液体聚合物组合物给出。
2.权利要求1的微针阵列,其中该水溶性聚合物是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)。
3.权利要求2的微针阵列,其中该水溶性聚合物是具有约40,000的平均分子量(Mw)的中等粘度PVP。
4.前述权利要求任一项的微针阵列,其中该润湿剂和软化剂是甘油。
5.前述权利要求任一项的微针阵列,其中该表面活性剂是聚山梨酯80。
6.前述权利要求任一项的微针阵列,其中该大分子化合物(API)是亲水的。
7.前述权利要求任一项的微针阵列,其中该大分子化合物(API)是舒马曲坦或琥珀酸舒马曲坦。
8.前述权利要求任一项的微针阵列,其中该水溶性聚合物在干燥前的该液体聚合物组合物中以20-30%重量的量存在。
9.前述权利要求任一项的微针阵列,其中该润湿剂和软化剂在干燥前的该液体聚合物组合物中以0.5-1.5%重量的量存在。
10.前述权利要求任一项的微针阵列,其中该表面活性剂在干燥前的该液体聚合物组合物中以0.05-1.0%重量的量存在。
11.前述权利要求任一项的微针阵列,其中该大分子化合物(API)在干燥前的该液体聚合物组合物中以5-10%重量的量存在。
12.用于通过皮肤递送大分子化合物(API)的主动透皮贴剂装置,该装置包括:
具有可控电流源的电源
电连接至该电源的皮肤阴极,以及
电连接至该电源的皮肤阳极,该阳极包括在前述权利要求任一项中表征的微针阵列。
13.制备在前述权利要求任一项中表征的聚合物微针阵列的方法,包括以下步骤:
在水中溶解
15-40%重量的作为粘结剂的水溶性聚合物,
小于2%重量的润湿剂/软化剂,和
小于2%重量的表面活性剂;以及
1-15%重量的大分子化合物(API),
以制备液体聚合物组合物;其中该%重量是相对于干燥前的该液体聚合物组合物给出的;
在具有待产生的微阵列的阴性形式的柔性模具中模塑该液体聚合物组合物;
干燥模具内的聚合物组合物;和
从模具中移出具有形成的固体微针的经干燥的聚合物微针阵列。
14.向患者透皮给药大分子API的方法,包括以下步骤:
通过将权利要求1-11任一项中表征的具有在其中封装的大分子API的聚合物微针阵列置于患者皮肤上而对患者的皮肤进行微穿孔,从而允许微针穿透皮肤的角质层,并且
通过该微针阵列施加阳极电流,以使大分子API从微针释放到患者的皮肤内。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中释放的API的量由流过该微阵列的阳极电流的水平来控制。
16.预防和治疗遭受偏头痛的患者的偏头痛的方法,包括使用权利要求1-11任一项中表征的具有在其中封装的舒马曲坦的聚合物微针阵列并且通过应用权利要求14或15的方法的步骤来透皮给药舒马曲坦。
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