CN111165656A - Efficient preparation method of hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient preparation method of hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder, which comprises the following steps: (1) washing the harvested hermetia illucens with water for 2-3 times, then adding water, boiling for 20-30 min, draining, then air-drying at room temperature, and grinding to obtain hermetia illucens powder; (2) sterilizing the hermetia illucens powder under an ultraviolet lamp for 10-15 min, adding 30-80 ml of pretreatment liquid into every 10g of hermetia illucens powder, mixing and soaking for 2-3 h, and stirring for 1 time per hour to obtain mixed slurry; (3) and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed slurry for 10-15 min under the ultrasonic condition, and then placing the mixed slurry into a vacuum freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder. The method of the invention can solve the problems of long drying time, loss of nutrient components and low production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of black soldier fly processing, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency preparation method of black soldier fly freeze-dried powder.
Background
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucensL.) it is a highly productive animal protein feed, which can be produced from the feces of domestic animals and domestic garbage, and its larvae are called "phoenix" and become the famous resource insects of fly maggots, yellow mealworms, barley worms, etc. and are popularized worldwide because of its characteristics of rapid propagation, large biomass, wide feeding, high absorption and conversion rate, easy management, low feeding cost, good palatability to animals, etc.
The black soldier fly can be used as a feed and widely applied to medicine, the larvae of the black soldier fly can be used for treating burn and wound healing, and meanwhile, the black soldier fly also has the anti-inflammatory effect and the analgesic effect, and is a medical resource and a medicinal insect. When processing into fodder or medicament with black soldier fly and using, all need dry the black soldier fly so that subsequent feed processing or active ingredient draw and store, but use heat conduction equipment such as oven among the prior art more and dry the black soldier fly larva, drying time is long, destroys its self nutrient composition, and consumes artifical many, and production efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention discloses an efficient preparation method of hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder, and solves the problems of long drying time, loss of nutrient components and low production efficiency.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for efficiently preparing hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the harvested hermetia illucens with water for 2-3 times, then adding water, boiling for 20-30 min, draining, then air-drying at room temperature, and grinding to obtain hermetia illucens powder;
(2) sterilizing the hermetia illucens powder obtained in the step (1) under an ultraviolet lamp for 10-15 min, adding 30-80 ml of pretreatment liquid into every 10g of hermetia illucens powder, mixing and soaking for 2-3 h, and stirring for 1 time per hour to obtain mixed slurry; the pretreatment solution comprises the following components in parts by volume: 10-20 parts of glycerol, 10-20 parts of mannitol, 3-5 parts of a sodium chloride solution, 5-10 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 3-5 parts of tert-butyl alcohol, 5-10 parts of trehalose and 1000-1500 parts of water;
(3) and (3) ultrasonically treating the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) for 10-15 min under the ultrasonic condition, then placing the mixed slurry in a vacuum freeze dryer to cool to-5 ℃, then quickly cooling to-30 to-40 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30-40 min, then vacuumizing to a vacuum degree of 10-50 kpa, then heating to 25-35 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8-10 h, and keeping the temperature at 45 ℃ for 1-2 h to obtain the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder. After the mixed slurry is frozen, the mixed slurry is vacuumized and then heated, so that the balance of gas and solid phases in the water in the mixed slurry is changed, ice crystals are directly converted into gas to escape, and the drying effect is achieved.
Further, the weight percentage of the hermetia illucens powder passing through a 50-80-mesh sieve in the step (1) is not less than 95%.
Furthermore, in the step (2), the stirring time is 10-15 min each time, and the stirring speed is 100-200 r/min.
Further, the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 3-5%. The sodium chloride solution can be used for sterilizing the hermetia illucens powder.
Further, the power of the ultrasonic wave in the step (3) is 200-300W. For the internal structure of the black soldier fly mixed slurry, the ultrasonic wave with the power within the range of 200-300W can generate cavitation effect to form a micro-channel, so that moisture in the drying process can escape more smoothly, the drying speed can be improved, and the drying time can be shortened.
Further, in the step (3), the temperature is rapidly reduced at a speed of 3-5 ℃/min. Because the protein is easy to denature due to the slow freezing speed, the nutritional ingredients of the hermetia illucens are damaged, the ice crystals generated by freezing are small due to the fact that the freezing speed is too high, the small ice crystals are sublimated slowly, and the drying time is prolonged, the cooling speed is controlled to be 3-5 ℃/min, the nutritional ingredients of the hermetia illucens can be protected from being denatured due to the slow freezing speed, the size of the ice crystals generated at the cooling speed is proper, large channels can be formed by connecting the sublimated ice crystals in a free mode, sublimation drying is facilitated, and the drying time is shortened.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, the hermetia illucens is inactivated and sterilized, then the pretreatment liquid is soaked, and then vacuum freeze drying is carried out, so that the obtained hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder is easy to store and convenient for subsequent feed processing or effective component extraction; aiming at the characteristics of the black soldier fly nutrient components, the pretreatment liquid is prepared by adopting non-toxic medicaments such as glycerol, mannitol, a sodium chloride solution, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tert-butyl alcohol and trehalose according to a proportion, and the black soldier fly is soaked by using the pretreatment liquid, so that the black soldier fly nutrient components can be effectively prevented from being damaged and lost in the subsequent vacuum freeze drying process, the quality of the black soldier fly freeze-dried powder is improved, and the application of the black soldier fly in the fields of livestock, poultry and aquatic feeds and medicines is enhanced.
2. The glycerol, the mannitol, the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the trehalose in the pretreatment liquid have the combined action, so that the nutritional ingredients of the hermetia illucens can be prevented from being denatured in the freezing process, the nutritional ingredients can be prevented from being sublimated and dissipated along with water vapor, the polyvinylpyrrolidone can inhibit the crystallization of the trehalose, and the protection effect of the trehalose is improved. The trehalose is very stable, and can form a special protective film on the cell surface under severe conditions of high temperature, high cold, dry water loss and the like, so that the biomolecular structure of the hermetia illucens is effectively protected from being damaged and lost; the mannitol and the tert-butyl alcohol are easy to form needle-shaped or rod-shaped crystals after being frozen and crystallized, and a tubular passage is left after the ice crystals are sublimated, so that the escape resistance of the water vapor in the hermetia illucens is greatly reduced, the sublimation and drying of the water vapor are facilitated, and the drying time is shortened.
3. The method is simple to operate, is suitable for processing and producing the hermetia illucens with different scales, uses non-toxic medicaments as pretreatment medicaments, does not influence subsequent feed processing or extraction of effective components by using the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder, and has small environmental pollution.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention thereto. The specific experimental conditions and methods not indicated in the following examples are generally conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
a method for efficiently preparing hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the harvested hermetia illucens with water for 2 times, then adding water, boiling for 25min, draining, then air-drying at room temperature, grinding and crushing to obtain hermetia illucens powder;
(2) sterilizing the hermetia illucens powder obtained in the step (1) under an ultraviolet lamp for 12min, adding 30ml of pretreatment liquid into every 10g of hermetia illucens powder, mixing and soaking for 2h, stirring for 1 time per hour at the stirring speed of 150r/min for 10min each time, and thus obtaining mixed slurry; the pretreatment solution comprises the following components in parts by volume: 15 parts of glycerol, 20 parts of mannitol, 5 parts of sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 3%, 5 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 3 parts of tert-butyl alcohol, 1000 parts of water and 5 parts of trehalose;
(3) and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) under the condition of ultrasonic waves with the power of 250W for 10min, then placing the mixed slurry in a vacuum freeze dryer to cool to-5 ℃, then rapidly cooling to-40 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 30min, then vacuumizing to the vacuum degree of 10kpa, then heating to 25 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10h, and keeping the temperature at 45 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder.
The conventional detection and analysis results of the components of the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder obtained by the method in the embodiment are as follows: the protein content is 48.5%, the fat content is 31.6%, the amino acid nitrogen content is 276mg/100g, the cholesterol content is 179mg/100g, the vitamin B1 content is 0.345mg/100g, and the nicotinic acid content is 9.687mg/100 g.
Example 2:
a method for efficiently preparing hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the harvested hermetia illucens with water for 2 times, then adding water, boiling for 20min, draining, then air-drying at room temperature, grinding and crushing to obtain hermetia illucens powder;
(2) sterilizing the hermetia illucens powder obtained in the step (1) under an ultraviolet lamp for 10min, adding 40ml of pretreatment liquid into every 10g of hermetia illucens powder, mixing and soaking for 2.5h, stirring for 1 time per hour at the stirring speed of 150r/min for 15min each time, and thus obtaining mixed slurry; the pretreatment solution comprises the following components in parts by volume: 18 parts of glycerol, 15 parts of mannitol, 3 parts of 3% sodium chloride solution by mass, 8 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 4 parts of tert-butyl alcohol, 6 parts of trehalose and 1200 parts of water;
(3) and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) under the condition of ultrasonic waves with the power of 200W for 15min, then placing the mixed slurry in a vacuum freeze dryer to cool to-5 ℃, then rapidly cooling to-35 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 35min, then vacuumizing to the vacuum degree of 20kpa, then heating to 27 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8h, and keeping the temperature for 2h at 45 ℃ to obtain the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder.
The conventional detection and analysis results of the components of the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder obtained by the method in the embodiment are as follows: the protein content is 47.1%, the fat content is 32.9%, the amino acid nitrogen content is 297mg/100g, the cholesterol content is 168.7mg/100g, the vitamin B1 content is 0.265mg/100g, and the nicotinic acid content is 10.011mg/100 g.
Example 3:
a method for efficiently preparing hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the harvested hermetia illucens with water for 3 times, then adding water, boiling for 30min, draining, then air-drying at room temperature, grinding and crushing to obtain hermetia illucens powder;
(2) sterilizing the hermetia illucens powder obtained in the step (1) under an ultraviolet lamp for 15min, adding 60ml of pretreatment liquid into every 10g of hermetia illucens powder, mixing and soaking for 2.5h, stirring for 1 time per hour at the stirring speed of 200r/min for 12min each time, and thus obtaining mixed slurry; the pretreatment solution comprises the following components in parts by volume: 10 parts of glycerol, 16 parts of mannitol, 4 parts of sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 4%, 9 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 4 parts of tert-butyl alcohol, 1400 parts of water and 8 parts of trehalose;
(3) and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) for 12min under the condition of ultrasonic waves with the power of 300W, then placing the mixed slurry in a vacuum freeze dryer to cool to-5 ℃, then rapidly cooling to-38 ℃ at the speed of 4 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 30min, then vacuumizing to the vacuum degree of 30kpa, then heating to 31 ℃, keeping the temperature for 9h at constant temperature, and keeping the temperature for 1.5h at 45 ℃ to obtain the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder.
The conventional detection and analysis results of the components of the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder obtained by the method in the embodiment are as follows: 47.6% of protein, 33.1% of fat, 283mg/100g of amino acid nitrogen, 177.5mg/100g of cholesterol, 0.227mg/100g of vitamin B1 and 9.565mg/100g of nicotinic acid.
Example 4:
a method for efficiently preparing hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the harvested hermetia illucens with water for 3 times, then adding water, boiling for 20min, draining, then air-drying at room temperature, grinding and crushing to obtain hermetia illucens powder;
(2) sterilizing the hermetia illucens powder obtained in the step (1) under an ultraviolet lamp for 10min, adding 80ml of pretreatment liquid into every 10g of hermetia illucens powder, mixing and soaking for 3h, stirring for 1 time per hour at the stirring speed of 1000r/min for 12min, and thus obtaining mixed slurry; the pretreatment solution comprises the following components in parts by volume: 20 parts of glycerol, 10 parts of mannitol, 4 parts of sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 5%, 10 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 5 parts of tert-butyl alcohol, 1500 parts of water and 10 parts of trehalose;
(3) and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) for 12min under the condition of ultrasonic waves with the power of 300W, then placing the mixed slurry in a vacuum freeze dryer to cool to-5 ℃, then rapidly cooling to-30 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 40min, then vacuumizing to the vacuum degree of 50kpa, then heating to 35 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8h, and keeping the temperature for 1h at 45 ℃ to obtain the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder.
The conventional detection and analysis results of the components of the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder obtained by the method in the embodiment are as follows: 48.6 percent of protein, 33.4 percent of fat, 281mg/100g of amino acid nitrogen, 182.1mg/100g of cholesterol, 0.255mg/100g of vitamin B1 and 10.250mg/100g of nicotinic acid.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A method for efficiently preparing hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) washing the harvested hermetia illucens with water for 2-3 times, then adding water, boiling for 20-30 min, draining, then air-drying at room temperature, and grinding to obtain hermetia illucens powder;
(2) sterilizing the hermetia illucens powder obtained in the step (1) under an ultraviolet lamp for 10-15 min, adding 30-80 ml of pretreatment liquid into every 10g of hermetia illucens powder, mixing and soaking for 2-3 h, and stirring for 1 time per hour to obtain mixed slurry; the pretreatment solution comprises the following components in parts by volume: 10-20 parts of glycerol, 10-20 parts of mannitol, 3-5 parts of a sodium chloride solution, 5-10 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 3-5 parts of tert-butyl alcohol, 5-10 parts of trehalose and 1000-1500 parts of water;
(3) and (3) ultrasonically treating the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) for 10-15 min under the ultrasonic condition, then placing the mixed slurry in a vacuum freeze dryer to cool to-5 ℃, then quickly cooling to-30 to-40 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30-40 min, then vacuumizing to a vacuum degree of 10-50 kpa, then heating to 25-35 ℃, keeping the temperature for 8-10 h, and keeping the temperature at 45 ℃ for 1-2 h to obtain the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder.
2. The efficient preparation method of the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the weight percentage of the hermetia illucens powder passing through a 50-80-mesh sieve is not less than 95%.
3. The efficient preparation method of the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the stirring time is 10-15 min each time, and the stirring speed is 100-200 r/min.
4. The efficient preparation method of the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mass fraction of the sodium chloride solution is 3-5%.
5. The efficient preparation method of the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) in the step (3), the power of the ultrasonic wave is 200-300W.
6. The efficient preparation method of the hermetia illucens freeze-dried powder according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) in the step (3), the temperature is rapidly reduced at a speed of 3-5 ℃/min.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111733258A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-10-02 | 广东省生物资源应用研究所 | Hermetia illucens molecular identification primer, reagent kit and identification method |
| CN112691053A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-04-23 | 广东绿金生物科技有限公司 | Formula for repairing and removing scars of burned and scalded skin and preparation method |
| CN114796021A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2022-07-29 | 吴孟昆 | Composition prepared from Hermetia illucens for resisting speckle and bacteria, and its preparation method |
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| CN114796021A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2022-07-29 | 吴孟昆 | Composition prepared from Hermetia illucens for resisting speckle and bacteria, and its preparation method |
| CN112691053A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-04-23 | 广东绿金生物科技有限公司 | Formula for repairing and removing scars of burned and scalded skin and preparation method |
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