CN111094100A

CN111094100A - Truss Track Structures and Rails

Info

Publication number: CN111094100A
Application number: CN201880042873.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 阿纳托利·尤尼茨基
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Anatoli Unitsky
Priority date: 2017-04-29
Filing date: 2018-04-27
Publication date: 2020-05-01
Anticipated expiration: 2038-04-27
Also published as: EP3617024A1; CN111094100B; EP3617024A4; WO2018195641A1; EA034490B1; EP3617024C0; EA201700316A1; EP3617024B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a truss-type above-ground (overhead) transport system, which provides high-speed freight and passenger transport. The truss-type track structure comprises guide rails (3) and ( _{4) of the main load-bearing member (31} ₎ and the auxiliary load-bearing member (41) of the track structure S, the guide rails being implemented in the form of longitudinally prestressed load-bearing elements (5.1), which are combined together into a load-bearing structure (5) and are located in an extended body (6). At the same time, the guide rails are connected to each other in the truss G of the upper structure by zigzag-oriented rod elements (9), wherein the ends of the rod elements (10) are rigidly fastened with plates (10) and fastening components (11), by using the plates and fastening components, a transverse clamping force of the plates (10) and the load-bearing elements (5.1) is formed, and the fixing of the joint ends _P1 and _P2 of the load-bearing elements (5.1) of the longitudinally stressed load-bearing structure (5) is achieved.

Description

Truss type track structure and guide rail

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of rail transportation systems, and more particularly to a truss-type above-ground (overhead) transportation system that provides high speed freight and passenger transport.

Background

The construction of transportation systems based on trusses (truss structures) is well known. Thus, transport systems [1] are known whose track is formed with a truss of triangular cross-section, while a transport module comprising two carriages rigidly connected to each other and comprising the truss is moved along a rail mounted on top of the truss cross-section. In order to maintain balance, the module also rests on two other rails mounted on the sides of the truss.

Transport truss structures [2] are known which represent a track formed by tubes having a circular or rectangular cross section or other profiles (i-beams, channel sections, etc.) and which are interconnected by trusses of triangular cross section. The movement of the transport module or train can be performed along a support rail mounted in the lower part of the track (main length of the rail), while the vertical stability of the carriage is due to the contact between its support wheels and the support rail located in the upper part of the track (auxiliary rail cable). Both the support rail and the carrier rail can be simultaneously denoted as carrier elements of the truss. The track may be covered with a housing to protect it from atmospheric precipitation. The truss is placed on a support which is a post of tubular cross-section and which can be made in a telescopic form to facilitate height adjustment to adapt the track to surface irregularities, or a frame structure similar to a high voltage power line tower.

A general disadvantage of certain truss structures is the difficulty in transporting the large volume continuous truss to the installation site, and its laborious assembly process under complex terrain field conditions and limited performance using conventional techniques and equipment.

A further development of the transport truss structure is the design and implementation of the pre-stressed chord assemblies therein.

Transport systems [3] of Yunitski (U.S. Nitz) are known, the track structure of which has the form of a prestressed chord truss. The main guide rail cable and the auxiliary guide rail cable are made of prestressed bearing members and are positioned at different heights between adjacent supporting pieces. The guide cables are connected to one another by a series of bar elements which are regularly oriented in a zigzag manner. The longitudinal axes of the rod elements and the longitudinal axes of the main guide rail cable and the auxiliary guide rail cable form a triangle. Likewise, methods for constructing such transport systems are known, which comprise mounting them on the basis of anchors and intermediate supports, tensioning and mounting the load-bearing members of the track structure on the basis of anchor supports and intermediate supports of different levels, tensioning and mounting the load-bearing members of the track structure (at least one main guide cable (main length of the guide cable) and at least one auxiliary guide cable) on different levels of the anchor supports, fixing the main guide cable and the auxiliary guide cable at the respective level of the intermediate supports, and fixing the mutual position of the main guide cable and the auxiliary guide cable in the span between adjacent supports.

In the known transport system it is possible to implement the auxiliary guide rail cable in the form of a carrier member either without a solid body (when the body is a plurality of connecting shells spaced along the carrier member) or with a solid extension body comprising the carrier member. In the latter case, the auxiliary guide cable(s) located below in the same plane of the main guide cable may be used as a holding rail having a lateral rolling surface for the spatial orientation of the wheeled vehicle of the monorail-type system.

The longitudinal stiffness of the system is increased due to the combination and interrelationship between the properties of the pre-stressed rail structure and the properties of the construction (i.e., truss) having structural stiffness. Furthermore, the span between the supports can be increased to above 100m with virtually zero sag of the main rail rope. This enables the construction of a transport system having a multi-track and a single-track structure.

However, the known transport systems and their method of construction have drawbacks related to insufficient lateral stiffness, while the guide cable structure does not allow to achieve the required uniformity of the track structure at high tissue speeds.

In an embodiment of the method, in case of incomplete unification of the structural members, complementary errors of the technical execution of the connecting nodes of the load bearing members are generated.

The known transport system of Yunitski [4] was used as a prototype. Comprising at least one truss-like track structure comprising at least one main length guide cable mounted on a support mounted on a foundation, and at least one auxiliary guide cable located at a height different from the height of the at least one main length guide cable. The main length guide track cable is configured as a pre-stressed carrier member encased in an extension body having a rolling surface for a wheeled vehicle adjacent thereto. The auxiliary guide cable is made as a pre-stressed carrier member enclosed within the body. The main and auxiliary guide cables are connected to each other at the span between adjacent supports by a series of bar elements oriented in a zig-zag manner. The rod component is placed between the main guide rail cable and the auxiliary guide rail cable and forms a triangle with the main guide rail cable and the auxiliary guide rail cable. Furthermore, at each level, the left and right guide cables are assembled together by a cross spacer which is mounted in the connecting node of the bar element and the guide cables.

The guide rail cable of the known transport system is formed by a rope-like guide rail stretched between anchoring supports. A common feature of these rails is the presence of an extended body having a rolling surface engaged therewith and in which a pre-stressed longitudinal load-bearing structure is enclosed. The rolling surface engaging the body forms a smooth track for the vehicle supporting wheels, each wheel generating a vertical load on the track structure.

A common disadvantage of known truss structures comprising guide cables is that additional connecting nodes have to be installed to link together the load bearing elements of adjacent load bearing members. Therefore, the assembly technique of such a system is complicated and the reliability is weak.

The guide rail [5] of the known transport system of Yunitski comprises a hollow tubular body inside which a prestressed, extended carrier element is placed, while the volume of the void space is filled with a solid, monolithic material, while the extended carrier element is placed inside the body of the guide rail, which carrier element is in contact with the inner surface of the wall of the body of the guide rail along the line of action of the load and is provided with an adjusting washer, which directly wraps the surface of the carrier element.

The disadvantage of the mentioned guide rail is that it is technically inefficient when it is used as a truss structure; labor intensity in the assembly of saw-tooth oriented rod elements; and the necessity of having to ensure additional connection nodes forming the load bearing elements of adjacent load bearing members, which will result in higher complexity and lower reliability of the system assembly.

The guide rail [6] of the known transport system of Yunitski comprises a head and a hollow body, which are U-shaped or have side walls that are inclined to each other. Inside the body, at least one pre-stressed extending coupling element is positioned. The lower edge of the body is designed as a frontal thickening having a predetermined shape and cross-sectional area.

A disadvantage of the guide rail is its technical inefficiency when used as a truss part of the superstructure, especially the considerable labor intensity in the assembly of the saw-tooth oriented rod elements.

The known Yunitski's transport system track [7] is called the prototype. Comprising a hollow extension body with at least one carrier member inside, which contains carrier elements prestressed in the longitudinal direction, said carrier elements being grouped in a carrier structure. The load-bearing structure is here constructed in the form of several cables, which lie in horizontal and vertical planes and are assembled along their length by means of clamping devices. Further, the clamping device is configured as a coupling: a nut, wherein one element of the coupling is rigidly fastened to the body, while the clamping means of the longitudinal bracing member are provided with a saddle and a damping layer between the clamping means and the bracing member.

A disadvantage of this embodiment of the guide rail is its technical inefficiency (which becomes evident when actually used as the main beam of the truss structure of the superstructure) and the labour-intensive nature of the rod elements in a zig-zag orientation. Furthermore, it is still necessary to form additional connection nodes to join the load-bearing elements of adjacent load-bearing members, which leads to an increase in the complexity of the system as a whole, with a reduction in the safety and reliability of assembly and operation.

The core task of the invention is to realize the following technical achievements:

-reducing the labor intensity during the assembly of the truss-like track structure;

-ensuring the reliability of the connection of the elements of the load-bearing structure of the guide cable into the rigidly assembled spatial structure;

-unifying the structural component basis of the truss-like track structure;

the technical and performance parameters are stabilized over the entire length of the guide rail track due to the increased rigidity, elastic stability (overall integrity), reliability of the track structure and uniformity of the guide cables;

providing a smooth, gentle ride along each truss of the superstructure and the entire length of the system.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical task according to the proposed object is achieved by a truss structure of a high-speed transportation system using Yunitski, wherein the rail structure has a support mounted on a foundation, on which support the guide cables of at least one main carrier are mounted, and the guide cables of at least one auxiliary carrier are mounted, positioned at a different height from the height of the at least one main carrier, the main and auxiliary carriers comprising longitudinally prestressed carrier elements which are combined together in a carrier structure, wherein the guide cables of the main and auxiliary carriers form a carrier structure positioned in an extension body provided with engaging rolling surfaces and filled with a hardening material, wherein the guide cables of the main and auxiliary carriers are oriented by means of zigzag-shaped bar elements via plates rigidly fixed on the ends of the bar elements And are connected to each other using fastening members to form a truss of the superstructure, wherein the rod members have a longitudinal directionThe axes together with the longitudinal axis of the guide cable form a triangle with the corners in the connecting node of the bar element and the guide cable, wherein the plate and fastening member are configured to be mounted in the node in order to create a transverse clamping force F in the load-bearing structure determined by the ratio_n，N：

0.1≤F_n/F₀≤0.95，

Wherein: f₀N is the tensile breaking force of the fastening part, and the minimum transverse dimension a, m of the bar element and its length l, m are related by the following ratio:

5≤l/a≤50。

it is advantageous to implement at least one profiled slotted through hole in the plate, which will allow to configure the plate to be axially and laterally movable with respect to the load bearing structure and the fastening member.

Preferably, the plates of the multidirectional rod element are positioned on opposite sides of the carrier element. Wherein a profiled axial groove can be implemented on the side of the plate facing the carrier element, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the carrier element.

An alternative is an embodiment in which the main guide rail cable and/or the auxiliary guide rail cable is designed at least in pairs.

The specified results are also obtained by interconnecting at each level a pair of guide cables with a rigid cross spacer, which is also mounted in the connecting node of the bar element and the guide rail and is implemented together with fastening means.

The specified technical task is also ensured by the use of a rail of the described trussed track structure, wherein at least one load-bearing member has longitudinally prestressed load-bearing elements grouped together in a load-bearing structure, which is located in an extension body filled with a hardened material, which is equipped with an engagement rolling surface and is configured to be able to place plates and fastening components, which are mounted in the connecting nodes of the bar elements and the rail cables in order to create a transverse clamping force in the load-bearing structure, wherein the length L, m, the width n, m and the thickness t, m of the plates are associated with the minimum transverse dimension d, m of the load-bearing elements by the following ratio:

5≤L/d≤50，

3≤Н/d≤30，

0.1≤Т/d≤2，

wherein the length L, m and the thickness N of the plate are related by the following relationship:

0.2≤L/Н≤5。

the following specific essential features of the claimed invention also contribute to achieving the proposed objects.

As fastening means, use is made of structural parts of the extension body, i.e. threaded and unthreaded holes, which are arranged coaxially with the clamping force of the plate and the carrier element in the connection node of the bar element and the guide cable.

The load bearing member may be manufactured in the form of a cable, rope, strand, strip, belt or other standard elongated member made of any high strength material, stranded or not.

It is proposed to connect the length L, m of the plate to the length L of the end of the connected support element_kM is related by a relationship determined by the ratio: L/L is more than or equal to 2_k≤5。

An alternative embodiment of the guide rail comprises carrier elements which are separated in the vertical direction by clamping strips, wherein these clamping strips can be provided with through-holes which are arranged coaxially with the central symmetry axis of the profiled slotted hole of the plate.

Preferably, a profiled axial groove, the shape of which corresponds to the shape of the carrier element, is arranged on the side of the plate and/or the clamping strip facing the carrier element.

Drawings

The essence of the invention is elucidated by means of the drawings in fig. 1-17, which show:

FIG. 1 is an overall view of a truss track structure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a connection node of a fastening part of a plate of a saw-tooth oriented bar element and a carrier element;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a plate;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view (example) of a cross slot of a plate;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view (example) of a cross slot of a plate;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view (example) of a cross slot of the body of the guide rail cable;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a connection node of a plate of a saw-tooth oriented bar element to a carrier element;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a clamping strap;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view (example) of a cross slot of a clamping strip;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view (example) of a cross slot of a clamping strip;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a rod element with a plate;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a truss section of the superstructure formed by the guide rail cables of the primary and secondary load carrying members and connected by saw-tooth oriented rod elements;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the cross slot of the clamping strip with the load bearing element clamped by the clamping strip (example);

FIG. 14 is a top view of a truss section of the superstructure of the load bearing member formed by left and right track cables rigidly connected across the spacer;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view (example) of a cross-spacer-front plan view;

FIG. 16 is a schematic (example) of a cross-over spacer-side view;

figure 17 is a schematic view of the connection node of the cross piece to the guide cable.

Detailed Description

The essence of the proposed technical method in connection with the truss-like track structure of the high-speed transportation system proposed by Yunitski will be described in more detail below.

On supports 2 (anchor support type 2a and intermediate support type 2b) spaced at different positions along the track on foundation 1, at least one main load-bearing member 3 of the track structure S is positioned₁At a further height, at least one auxiliary support element 4 of the track structure S is positioned₁And a main and auxiliary load bearing member connected together and installed above the foundation 1, so that the main load bearing member 3 of the track structure S₁Guide cable 3 and auxiliary carrier 4₁Will form at least one truss G (see fig. 1) of the superstructure between adjacent support elements.

The design of the superstructure G may vary depending on topographical features, design parameters and engineering feasibility. Thus, an alternative embodiment of the superstructure G of the lattice rail structure would be a cable-stayed truss, suspension and/or combined system (not shown in the figures).

Depending on the foundation parameters, installation site and characteristics, the anchoring supports 2a and the intermediate supports 2b may have various design appearances-having the following form: towers, capped posts, steel and reinforced concrete columns and frame buildings and constructions equipped with passenger platforms and/or freight stations, and other specialized constructions or truss structures.

The truss-like track structure S is designed for accommodating transport lines (passengers and/or cargo-passengers). The vehicle (not shown in the figures) can run on the track structure S in wheels or be suspended from below on the track structure.

Main load-bearing member 3 of a track structure S on an anchoring support 2a and an intermediate support 2b or in a superstructure G₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁The respective anchoring means of the

guide rail cables

3 and 4 of (a) relate to any known means, similar to those used in suspension and cable-stayed bridges, cableways and prestressed reinforced concrete structures, for fixing (anchoring) tensile load-bearing members.

Main load-bearing member 3 of the track structure S₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁The

guide cables

3 and 4 are embodied as longitudinally prestressed supporting elements 5.1, which are integrated into the supporting structure 5 and are positioned in the extension body 6(6.1 and 6.2 for the

guide cables

3 and 4, respectively). Prestressing of the carrier element 5.1 allows the tensile forces to be converted into F in each case₁N andF₂n, these forces being applied to the primary load-bearing member 3 of the track structure₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁The above-mentioned carrying elements 5.1 of the guide cables 3 and 4 (see fig. 1, 12).

The

guide wires

3 and 4 are implemented as follows.

The carrier element 5.1 is incorporated in a carrier structure 5 and is positioned in an extension body 6 having a rolling surface 7 (see fig. 6) for a wheel (not shown in the figures) engaging therewith. Thereby, the carrier structure 5 is formed by filling the hardened material 8 in the part of the inner space of the extension body 6 that is free of the carrier element 5.1.

Depending on each non-limiting method of application of the stiffening material 8, as such, a polymer-bound composite-based mixture, a concrete mixture (see fig. 6, 12), and/or similar stiffening materials may be used, as a matter of design choice.

As a result, the main carrier 3 of the track structure S is ensured₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁The

guide rail lines

3 and 4 are grouted so as to transfer and redistribute external forces and stresses to all pre-stressed longitudinal elements of the structure, thereby substantially increasing the bending stiffness of the body 6 of the guide rail lines 3 and/or 4 (see fig. 6).

Thus, the load-bearing member 3 is composed of the

guide cables

3 and 4, respectively₁And 4₁The truss structure S is not a flexible member but a continuous stiffening beam.

Alternatively, depending on design choice and required engineering data, as the load-bearing structure 5, one and/or more load-bearing elements 5.1 are used, for example embodied as one or several stranded or untwisted steel cables made of any high-strength material, as well as ropes, strands (cables), strips, bands or other extending elements. Thus, as a prestressed longitudinal element, a longitudinally oriented element of a rail structure can be used, for example, the main carrier 3 of the rail structure S₁And/or auxiliary load bearing member 4₁And/or the body 6 of the guide cable 4.

For practical embodiments, the main guide cable 3 and the auxiliary guide cable 4 can be realized as main beams 6.1 and 6.2 with a load-bearing structure 5 therein, and respectively denoted as main beams and auxiliary beams of the truss chord G of the superstructure (see fig. 12).

The mentioned embodiment of the lattice-type track structure S allows the use of suspended vehicles on the main track wires 3 of the main truss chord G of the superstructure and of mounted vehicles (not shown in the figures) on the auxiliary track wires 4 of the auxiliary truss chord.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the cross slot of the main body 6 of the main rail cord 3.

The choice of the most efficient embodiment of the main guide rail rope 3 and the auxiliary guide rail rope 4 for the component transport system depends on its operating conditions, the design requirements for it, above all its use, the cargo type, the weight and the vehicle speed.

The extended body 6.1 of the main guide cable 3 is located at a height representing the main chord of the truss structure, which may be one of lower or upper depending on the position relative to the auxiliary guide cable 4 and the design of the vehicle (not shown in fig. 1) used.

Furthermore, the auxiliary guide cable 4 has its own body 6.2 (if present) and represents an auxiliary truss chord, which may be one of lower or upper depending on the position relative to the main guide cable 3, which depends on the particular design and engineering concept and the conditions of the design of the vehicle used (not shown in the figures).

Depending on the design concept of the vehicle and track structure, the engagement with the main body rolling surface of the main guide rail rope 3 and/or the auxiliary guide rail rope 4 is positioned on the upper and/or lower, and/or side outer surfaces of the main bodies 6.1 and 6.2.

FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of the track structure wherein the main track cable comprises the lower chord of the truss G of the superstructure and under an applied pulling force F as shown in FIG. 1₁Is prestressed downwards and under a tensile force F₂The lower auxiliary guide cable comprises the upper chord of the truss G.

Furthermore, the body-less embodiment of the auxiliary guide rail cable 4 (not shown in the figures) represents in this case a prestressed, extended carrier structure 5 which comprises one or more stressed carrier elements 5.1.

The auxiliary guide cable 4 may thus be without a body 6 (not forming an auxiliary rail), or the auxiliary guide cable 4 may be realized in the form of a body 6.2 in the form of an auxiliary beam of the upper chord of the truss G of the superstructure of the track structure S.

With main carrier member 3 for making the track structure S₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁At the same time, the coupling end P of the support element 5.1 of the longitudinally stressed support structure 5 is engaged when required, i.e. when present, with the guide cables 3 and 4 (see fig. 12)₁And P₂Wherein the guide cables are connected together in the truss G of the superstructure by means of saw-tooth-oriented bar elements 9 (respectively designated 9.1 and 9.2 in fig. 2) having plates 10 firmly fastened on their ends and fastening means 11 (see fig. 6), by means of which a transverse clamping force of the plates 10 and the carrier element 5.1 is formed.

The saw-tooth oriented rod element 9 may be made in a profile (shape) with a tubular (circular or with a profile) cross section or in a cross section resulting from any known profile (e.g. T-beam, i-beam, channel section, angle or bar, or various combinations thereof).

The fastening component 11 may be embodied in any conventional manner known in the art. In particular, as the fastening means 11, screws 11.1-nuts 11.2 of the threaded engagement type, for example, are advantageously used (see fig. 6, 15, 16).

During the construction of the trusses G of the superstructure (see fig. 1, 6 and 12), the assembly thereof is such that the longitudinal axes W and Z of the bar elements 9 and the main load-bearing members 3 of the track structure S₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁The respective longitudinal axes X and Y of the

guide cables

3 and 4 form a triangle ABC, and the apex A, B, C of the triangle is in the connecting node of the bar element 9 with the guide cables 3 and/or 4 (see fig. 12).

The coupling end P of the carrier member 5.1 (see fig. 7) according to design specifications₁And P₂The connection nodes of the multi-directional saw-tooth oriented rod elements 9.1 and 9.2 with the guide cables 3 and/or 4 (see fig. 2 and 7) are/is.

Obviously, in the connecting node A, B, C of the bar element 9 with the guide rail cables 3 and/or 4, by using the plate 10 and the fastening part 11, a transverse clamping force F of the plate 10 and the carrier element 5.1 is formed in the carrier structure 5_nN (see fig. 6), which is determined by the following ratio:

0.1≤F_n/F₀≤0.95， (1)

wherein: f₀And N is the tensile breaking force of the fastening member.

The value of the mentioned ratio (1) represents an optimum range of transverse forces and allows to ensure without any problem, with optimum forces, the clamping of the plate 10 and the carrying element 5.1 in the carrying structure 5, thus providing a joint end P of the carrying element 5.1 of the carrying structure 5 to longitudinal forces₁And P₂This requires reliability and durability of the coupling elements of the load-bearing structure, the load-bearing capacity of the truss G of the superstructure and its manufacturability. As a result, the track wire of the load bearing member will have less local uneven areas along it, while the truss-like track structure S itself becomes more reliable and less complex to manufacture.

If the ratio (1) is less than 0.1, it will not be possible to ensure the joint end P for the fixed bearing element 5.1₁And P₂The required forces clamping the plates 10 and the load bearing elements 5.1 in the load bearing structure 5 and it is not possible to ensure the required stiffness and load bearing capacity of the nodes of the girders G of the superstructure.

If the ratio (1) is greater than 0.95, the possibility of overstressing in the connection node, in particular in the fastening part 11, increases, which may lead to a loss of reliability of the entire truss G of the superstructure and its decomposition under high cyclic loads.

Clamping force F_nN (see fig. 6) is secured by a fastening assembly 11 in the form of a fastening screw 11.1-nut 11.2 and a plate 10 (see fig. 2, 6, 15, 16, 17).

In the plate 10, a profiled slotted through hole 12 is formed, which guarantees the possibility of lateral displacement of the plate itself 10 with respect to the bearing structure 5 and the fastening component 11, and the possibility of axial displacement of the plate itself 10 with respect to the bearing structure 5 and the fastening component 11 (see fig. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11).

The profiled slotted through-hole 12 formed in the plate 10 allows the plate 10 to clamp the load bearing elements 5.1 of the load bearing structure 5 laterally in the connecting nodes A, B, C of the bar element 9 and the guide cables 3 and/or 4 (see fig. 12), as well as to adjust axially in situ the cumulative error of the gap and linear dimensions of the elements of its structure in those nodes of the truss G of the superstructure. Thereby, it is achieved that the end P of the carrier element 5.1 in the carrier structure 5 to be longitudinally pre-stressed₁And P₂Is fixed and the straightness (alignment) of the

guide cables

3 and 4 is set to zero, instead of being designed to overstress the structure locally and possibly compromise the reliability and durability of the entire truss track structure S.

The plates 10 (see fig. 2) of the multidirectional saw-tooth oriented bar elements 9.1 and 9.2 are located on opposite lateral sides of the carrier element 5.1, which allows to construct the carrier structure 5 such that the carrier elements 5.1 are firmly fixed to each other to ensure uniformity of clamping thereof in the connection nodes A, B, C of the bar element 9 and the guide rail cables 3 and/or 4 and uniform distribution of forces in the multidirectional saw-tooth oriented bar elements 9.1 and 9.2 of the truss G of the superstructure. Thus, including the extension trusses G and the main load bearing members 3, which greatly simplify the superstructure under field conditions₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁The assembly process of the

guide rails

3 and 4.

The length of the slab 10 is L, m, the width is nm, and the thickness is t, m (see fig. 4, 5, 7, 11, 13), the values of which are given in the description of the design of the truss track structure of the high speed transport system of Yunitski.

In order to ensure that the clamping force F is applied in the connecting joint A, B, C_nN securely fixing the end P of the carrier element 5.1₁And P₂The length L, m of the plate 10 depends on the length L, m of the plate 10 and the end P of the associated support element 5.1₁And/or P₂Length L of_kM is determined by the following ratio:

2≤L/L_k≤5 (2)

if at a value corresponding to the ratio (2)To achieve the length L, m of the plate 10 and the end P of the combined carrier element 5.1₁And/or P₂Length L of_kM, it is easier to ensure the joining end P of the carrying element 5.1 of the longitudinal carrying structure 5₁And P₂The required fixing of the upper structure and the required stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the truss G of the superstructure, which truss has excellent manufacturability.

If the ratio (2) is less than 2, the joining end P of the carrier element 5.1 is reliably secured₁And P₂Additional clamping force and/or other engineering decisions will be required to ensure the joint end P of the load bearing element 5.1₁And P₂This can lead to cost-prohibitive track structures. If the ratio (2) is greater than 5, this will result in an excessive expenditure of construction material and in an excessive cost of the track structure.

Alternative embodiments of the truss-like track structure relate to the division in the vertical direction of the load-bearing element 5.1 in the load-bearing structure 5 by means of panels 10 and clamping strips 13, and the specific distribution of said panels and clamping strips in the horizontal direction in the structure-in single or multiple vertical levels and/or in single and/or multiple horizontal levels (see fig. 8, 9, 10, 13, 17).

In addition to the plates 10 and fastening assemblies 11 serving the same technical purpose, it is also possible to structure the load-bearing elements 5.1 in the load-bearing structure 5 using the clamping strips 13 as vertical separation layers between the load-bearing elements 5.1 of the load-bearing structure 5 and to form the load-bearing structure with the required preset technical parameters by pre-allocating the load-bearing elements 5.1 in the body 6 according to a design pattern which relates to the required positioning of each element in the respective portion of the body 6 of the guide rail cable 3 and/or 4.

According to design choice, if one and/or more bundles of load bearing elements 5.1 positioned in at least a single and/or several horizontal and/or vertical layers are used as load bearing structure 5, the use of plates 10 and/or clamping strips 13 connected by fastening means 11 allows to reliably separate and position the load bearing elements 5.1, to determine their position in the body 6 according to the design pattern and to have the required positioning of each of them and to exclude possible confusion when assembling the track structure S.

This embodiment of the lattice-work track structure S ensures a distribution of the design shape and stress patterns of the load bearing structure 5, achieving better manufacturability and increased durability, while reducing the material consumption of the lattice-work track structure S and increasing safety and reliability in the following cases: in operation, one of the support elements 5.1 of the support structure 5 breaks.

It is reasonable and expedient to use the clamping strip 13 if its length, width and thickness are equal to those of the plate 10, but it has a hole 14, which is arranged coaxially to the central symmetry axis of the profiled slotted through hole 12 of the plate 10 (see fig. 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11).

Due to the use of the clamping strips 13, the assembly of the carrier element 5.1 in the carrier structure 5 and the alignment and positioning of the carrier element 5.1 relative to the fastening components 11 and the main body 6 of the guide cables 3 and/or 4 become easier, which in turn leads to a higher torsional rigidity and load-bearing capacity of the truss-like track structure S as a whole, in particular of the trusses G of each superstructure.

Improved positioning and fixing of the carrier element 5.1 in the carrier structure 5 of the body 6 of the guide rail cable 3 and/or 4 is ensured by a profiled axial groove 15, which can alternatively be made in the clamping strip 13 or plate 10 from the side of the carrier element 5.1 (see fig. 4, 8, 9).

In addition, according to design considerations, in order to improve the clamping and fixing of the carrier element 5.1, adjustment washers and/or inserts 16 are used, which are made of metal and/or composite material and are positioned in the grooves 15 between the carrier element 5.1 and the clamping strips 13 and/or the plates 10 (see fig. 13).

Load-bearing component 3 with all the features described above₁And 4₁The main guide cable 3 and the auxiliary guide cable 4 are implemented at least in pairs, i.e. left and right. Thus, for the main track cable 3, each has a longitudinal axis X₁And X₂Of the load bearing member rope 3^L ₁And 3^P ₁The load bearing member cords being due to a force F applied to the load bearing structure₁N and F_1.1N (see fig. 14) is prestressed in the longitudinal direction. In the same way, the carrying members of the auxiliary guide rail cable 4 are also implemented in pairs (not shown in the figures).

According to the design selection and the technical requirements for increasing the rigidity of the truss-type track structure, the main bearing component 3 of the track structure S₁ Left guide cable 3^L ₁And a right guide cable 3^P ₁Are connected together in the lower chord of the space truss G of the superstructure by rigid cross-over spacers 17 (see fig. 14). Likewise, the individual carrying members 4 of the track structure S₁Left auxiliary guide rail rope 4^L ₁And a right auxiliary guide rail rope 4^P ₁Are connected together in the upper chord of the space truss G of the upper structure via rigid cross spacers 17 (not shown in the figures).

Here, the form of the cross partition is determined only by parameters of approved design and engineering concepts, calculated values of technical features of the truss-like track structure, shape and size of the vehicle, aesthetic requirements and appearance of the transportation structure, consumption of materials and costs thereof, and may be selected to have any shape from variations of all embodiments thereof, as long as it is satisfactory in optimizing the above requirements.

As a result, a truss-like track structure S is formed having increased stiffness in both the longitudinal and transverse directions of the superstructure, which allows for reduced material consumption of the structure and increased span length.

The left main track cables 3 of the (lower-chord) carrying structure of the truss G of the superstructure are each mounted across a spacer 17^L ₁And a right main rail rope 3^P ₁(see fig. 14) connecting the nodes a, a with the rod element 9₁(Аⁿ、А₁ ⁿ) And/or C, C₁And with a fastening part 11 having all the features described above (see figures 15, 16, 17).

In the same way, the cross spacer 17 can be manufactured and installed in the connection node of the bar element 9 with the left and right auxiliary guide cables of the (upper-chord) carrying structure of the truss G of the superstructure (not shown in the figures).

The use of cross-over spacers 17 in the connecting joints of the bar elements 9 and the guide cables 3 and/or 4 together with the fastening elements 11(11.1) allows to unify the joints of the track structure S of the space truss G of the superstructure, in order to make the structure more rigid, to reduce the labour intensity and the manufacturing costs thereof.

From the description of the above embodiment, the truss-like track structure comprises the supports 2 (anchoring support 2a and intermediate support 2b) distributed along the track from the soil on the foundation 1. On the support 2, at different heights, at least one main bearing member 3 of a track structure S is positioned₁And at least one auxiliary carrier 4₁The at least one main and at least one auxiliary carrier member are connected together and fastened above the foundation 1 and constitute at least one truss G of the superstructure (see fig. 1).

Main load-bearing member 3 of the track structure S₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁Is formed in the form of a longitudinally prestressed carrier member 5.1, which is integrated in the carrier structure 5. The prestressing being effected by tensile forces F respectively applied to the carrying elements 5.1 of the carrying structure 5₁N and F₂N is applied to ensure (see fig. 1, 12).

The bearing elements 5.1 combined in the bearing structure 5 are placed in the extension body 6, with which the rolling surface 7 engages. The carrying structure 5 is thus formed by filling the volume of the extension body 6 without the carrying element 5.1 with the hardening material 8 (see fig. 6).

Depending on design choice, mixtures based on polymer-bonded composite materials, concrete mixtures (see fig. 6, 12) and/or similar hardening materials may be used as the hardening material 8.

As a result, the main load-bearing member 3 to the track structure S₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁The

guide rail cables

3 and 4 are grouted and achieve their required rigidity and load-bearing capacity.

Main bearing structure of track structure SPart 3₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁The

guide cables

3 and 4 are connected to each other in the truss G of the superstructure by using zigzag-oriented rod elements 9 (designated in fig. 2: 9.1 and 9.2, respectively), plates 10 which are rigidly fastened at their ends, and fastening elements 11 (see fig. 2, 6).

The longitudinal axes W and Z of the bar elements 9 are each connected to the main carrier 3 of the track structure S₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁The longitudinal axes X and Y of the

guide rails

3 and 4 form a triangle ABC with a corner A, B, C in the connecting node of the bar element 9 with the guide rails 3 and/or 4 (see fig. 1, 6 and 12).

Furthermore, the plates 10 and the fastening members 11 are positioned in those nodes, so that it is possible to create lateral clamping forces in the load-bearing structure 5.

In order to obtain the required stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the truss G of the superstructure of the track structure S, the stability of the bar elements 9 must be ensured.

Here, the minimum transverse dimension a, m and the length l, m (see fig. 11) of the bar element 9 are related by the following ratio:

5≤l/a≤50。 (3)

by including the saw-tooth oriented bar elements 9 in the girders G of the upper structure and with the values of their ratio (3) corresponding to the specified value ranges, it allows to optimize both engineering parameters and material consumption and therewith the cost of the track structure.

If the ratio (3) is less than 5, such a bar element structure will have unreasonably high material concentration and costs.

If the ratio (3) is greater than 50, this configuration of the bar element 9 will have the following insufficient parameters: stability (particularly under longitudinal compression), load bearing capacity, stiffness and durability.

The load-bearing capacity of such a track structure greatly exceeds that of the guide cables contained therein, due to the increased stiffness of the entire system. Therefore, in terms of material consumption (and therefore cost) of the high-speed transportation system, it is crucial that it becomes feasible to increase the workload on the entire truss-like track structure.

The guide rails of the truss-like track structure of Yunitski's high-speed transportation system also form part of the invention.

The rail according to the proposed engineering solution comprises at least one load-bearing member comprising longitudinally pre-stressed load-bearing elements 5.1 which are combined together in a load-bearing structure 5, positioned in an extension body 6 and filled with a hardening material 8, wherein said extension body has a rolling surface 7 engaged therewith and is configured to accommodate therein a plate 10 and fastening elements 11(11.1 and 11.2) located in a connecting node A, B, C of a bar element 9 and

guide rails

3 and 4 for the purpose of creating a transverse clamping force F in the load-bearing structure 5_n，H。

In some cases of alternative embodiments of the body 6(6.1 and/or 6.2), in a preferred variant, as the fastening part 11, a structural part 18 in the form of a threaded 18.1 or unthreaded 18.2 hole of the extension body 6 is used, which structural part is positioned in the extension body in such a way as to be in contact with the clamping force F of the plate and the carrier element 5.1 in the connecting node A, B, C of the bar element 9 and the

guide cables

3 and 4_nAnd N (see fig. 12) is coaxial.

The embodiment of the structural members 18 in the form of threaded 18.1 or unthreaded 18.2 holes of the fastening members 11 in the extension body 6 allows to ensure a correct unification of the structural members and a technical effectiveness of the structural members of the truss G of the upper structure in the connection nodes of the bar elements 9 and the guide cables 3 and/or 4 of the truss-like track structure S.

The shape and dimensions of the plates ensure the reliability and technical effectiveness of the joining of the structural parts of the truss G of the superstructure in the connecting joints of the bar elements 9 and the guide cables 3 and/or 4.

Here, the association of the length L, m, the width n, m and the thickness t, m of the plate with the minimum transverse dimension d, m of the carrier element 51 (see fig. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13) has the following ratios:

5≤L/d≤50， (4)

3≤Н/d≤30， (5)

0.1≤Т/d≤2。 (6)

the specified ranges of ratios (4), (5), (6) define the panels 10 and/or the linear dimension of the clamping strip 13 relative to the carrier element 5₁With an accuracy which ensures that the shape and the contact surface area are maintained during clamping of the carrier element 5.1 by the plate 10 and/or the clamping strip 13.

If the ratio (4) is less than 5, the joining end P of the carrier element 5.1 is brought to bear₁And P₂The reliability of the fixation of (2) is lowered.

If the ratio (4) is greater than 50, the material consumption increases unreasonably.

If the ratio (5) is less than 3, such an embodiment of the structure of the connection node will not be possible, since the area on the plate is not sufficient to provide contact with the fastening part 11.

If the ratio (5) is greater than 30, this embodiment of the structure of the connecting node will unreasonably consume material and, as a result, the cost of the entire transport system will also rise.

If the ratio (6) is less than 0.1, such an embodiment of the plate 10 and/or of the clamping strip 13 may not ensure the maintenance of its shape, the planar accuracy of the contact area or the bending stiffness which is produced by the joining end P to the carrier element 5.1₁And P₂Is defined when the fixed lateral stress is applied.

If the ratio (6) is greater than 2, this embodiment of the plate 10 and/or of the clamping strip 13 leads to an unreasonable material consumption and thus to a higher cost of the entire transport system.

Furthermore, the length L, m and the width n, m of the plate are related by a ratio:

0.2≤L/Н≤5。 (7)

the embodiment of the panel 10 in which the value of the ratio (7) corresponds to the range of values specified above will allow to optimize its technical and performance parameters.

Thus, if the ratio (7) is less than 0.2, this embodiment of the panel 10 limits the possibility of ensuring its axial displacement with respect to the load-bearing structure 5 and the fastening components 11, which in turn reduces the process effectiveness, the labour intensity and the uniformity of the structural member basis of the truss-like track structure.

If the ratio (7) is greater than 5, this embodiment of the plate 10 limits the possibility of ensuring the clamping of the carrying structures 5, which are respectively according to the main carrying members 3 of the track structure S₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁Is produced according to the technical requirements of the design choice of the

guide rails

3 and 4.

The embodiment of the plate with the defined shape and dimensions ensures a uniform and technically effective component basis for the combination of the structural components of the truss G of the superstructure in the connection nodes of the bar elements 9 with the guide cables 3 and/or 4 of the truss-like track structure S.

At least one profiled groove-shaped through-hole is embodied in the plate (see fig. 2, 3, 7, 11).

In addition, the plates of the multidirectional bar element are located on opposite lateral sides of the load-bearing member (see fig. 2, 6, 7).

The implementation of profiled, slot-shaped through-holes 12 in the plates 10 allows to ensure that the carrying elements 5.1 of the carrying structure 5 are clamped by such plates 10 in the longitudinal direction in the connecting node A, B, C of the bar element 9 with the guide cables 3 and/or 4 and to correct the accumulated errors of the clearance and linear dimensions of the elements of the truss-like track structure in each span. As a result, the end P of the carrying element 5.1 of the carrying structure 5 to be longitudinally stressed is ensured₁And P₂Is fixed in the connecting node A, B, C of the bar element 9 and the guide cables 3 and/or 4 and achieves and makes zero the straightness (alignment) of the

guide cables

3 and 4, instead of locally overstressing the structure to design values that could compromise the reliability and durability of the entire truss-like track structure S.

The position of the plates 10 (see fig. 2, 6, 12) of the multidirectional saw-tooth-shaped oriented bar elements 9.1 and 9.2 on opposite sides of the carrier element 5.1 allows the formation of a carrier structure 5 with a rigidly fixed position of the carrier elements 5.1 relative to each other and ensures an even clamping of those carrier elements 5.1 in the connection nodes A, B, C of the bar element 9 and the guide rail cables 3 and/or 4. Furthermore, the position of the plates 10 ensures that the multi-directional zigzag-oriented rod elements 9.1 and 9.2 of the truss G of the superstructure are located inUniformity of force distribution. Thus, the extension truss G and the main load bearing member 3 of the superstructure are simplified₁And an auxiliary bearing member 4₁The assembly process of the

guide cables

3 and 4 is at the same time stabilized with respect to kinematic and performance parameters along the entire guide track and, in the event of damage to one of the carrying elements 5.1 of the carrying structure 5, the safety and reliability of the entire truss-like track structure S is ensured.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The choice of a particular embodiment of the primary and secondary guide cables for the construction of the transport system is defined by its operating conditions, the design requirements for it, its purpose of use, the type of cargo, the weight and the speed of movement of the vehicle.

The truss type track of the high-speed transportation system and the construction of the guide rail thereof comprise the following steps: the support is mounted on a foundation, on which the guide cable of the at least one main carriage member is positioned, and on which at least one auxiliary carriage member is positioned at another height;

wherein the carrier members are made of longitudinally pre-stressed carrier elements which are combined together in a carrier structure and placed in an extension body, wherein the extension body has a rolling surface engaging therewith;

wherein the load-bearing structure is formed by filling a volume of hardened material in a space in the extension body that does not have load-bearing elements, and the guide cables of the main and auxiliary load-bearing members are connected together in the truss of the superstructure by a zig-zag oriented rod element having a plate and fastening means rigidly fixed on its ends;

wherein the longitudinal axis of the bar element together with the longitudinal axis of the guide cable forms a triangle with corners in the connecting node of the bar element and the guide cable, and the coupling end of the carrier element is located in the connecting node of the bar element and the guide cable;

the plates and fastening members are configured to be mounted at the nodes and to develop a lateral clamping force F in the load bearing structure determined by the ratio_n，N：

0.1≤F_n/F₀≤0.95，

Wherein: f₀N is the tensile breaking force of the fastening component; by the possibility of fixing the joining end of the carrier element in a longitudinally prestressed carrier structure, transverse forces can be created; the plates are configured to be axially and laterally displaceable relative to the load bearing structure and the fastening component.

The embodiments of Yunitski's truss-like track structure for high-speed transportation systems and its track proposed according to the above-described manufacturing process, make it possible to achieve the following advantages: the labor intensity in the assembling process of the truss type track structure is reduced; ensuring the reliability of the spatial structure connecting the elements of the load-bearing structure of the guide cable into a rigid assembly; unifying the structural component basis of the whole structure; stabilizing technical and performance parameters throughout the transport system; stability (overall integrity) of the truss track structure; durability and uniformity of the main body of the guide cable; a smooth and gentle movement of the vehicle (not shown in the figures) along each truss of the superstructure and along the entire length of the system.

Information source

1. Inventor certificate CCCPN 35209, published on

month

3 and 31, 1934.

2. Patent RU 2328392, M ПК B61B1/00, B61B5/02, B61B13/00, E01B25/00, published in 10.7.2008.

3. Patent EA6112, m ПК B61B 3/00, 5/00, E01B25/00, published in 2005, 8/25.

4. RU 2520983, M ПК B61B5/02, B61B13/00, E01B25/00, published in 6/27/2014

5. Patent RU 2204640, M ПК E01B5/08, E01B25, B61B5, B61B3/02, B61B 13/04, published 5/20/2003.

6. Patents RU 2201482, m ПК E01B5/08, E01B25, published 3/27/2003.

7. Patent RU 2208675, m ПК E01B25/00, published in 7/20/2003.

Claims

1. A truss-type track structure for a high-speed transportation system, characterized in that the truss-type track structure has a support member installed on a foundation, on which is installed at least one rail cable of a main bearing member, and Rail ropes mounted with at least one auxiliary load-bearing member positioned at a height different from the height of the at least one main load-bearing member, the main and auxiliary load-bearing members comprising longitudinally prestressed load-bearing elements, the load-bearing elements are combined together in a load-bearing structure, wherein the guide cables of the primary load-bearing member and the guide cables of the auxiliary load-bearing member form a load-bearing structure positioned in an extension body and filled with hardened material, the extension body being arranged to have engaged rolling surface in which the guide cables of the primary and auxiliary load-bearing members are connected to each other by means of zigzag oriented rod elements via plates rigidly fixed on the ends of the rod elements and using fastening means, forming A truss of a superstructure, wherein the longitudinal axes of the rod elements together with the longitudinal axes of the guide cables form a triangle, the corners of which are in the connection nodes of the rod elements and the guide cables, wherein the The plate and the fastening member are configured to be installed in the connection node in order to develop a lateral clamping force _Fn ,N in the load-bearing structure determined by the ratio:

_0.1≤Fn / _F0≤0.95 ,

where: F ₀ ,N is the tensile breaking force of the fastening part, and the minimum transverse dimension a,m of the rod element and its length l,m are related by the following ratios:

5≤l/a≤50.

2 . The truss track structure of claim 1 , wherein the plate is configured to be capable of relative to the load bearing structure and all other surfaces due to the presence of contoured slotted through holes in the plate. 3 . Axial and lateral displacement of the fastening components.

3. A truss track structure according to claim 1, wherein the plates of the multi-directional rod elements are located on opposite lateral sides of the load-bearing elements.

4. A truss track structure according to claim 3, characterized in that a profiled axial slot is formed on the side of the plate facing the carrier element, the axial slot having a shape corresponding to the The shape of the carrier element corresponds.

5 . The truss track structure according to claim 1 , wherein the guide rail cables of the main bearing member are arranged at least as paired guide rail cables and/or the guide rail cables of the auxiliary bearing member are arranged at least as paired guide rails. 6 . Sow.

6. The truss track structure of claim 5, wherein the pairs of rail cables at each height are connected together by rigid spanning spacers.

7. The truss track structure of claim 6, wherein the spanning spacers are mounted in the connecting nodes of the rod elements and the rail cables.

8. A truss-type track structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the spanning spacers in the connection nodes of the rod elements and the guide cables are implemented together with fastening components.

9. A guide rail for a truss track structure according to claim 1, wherein at least one load bearing member has longitudinally prestressed load bearing elements assembled together in a load bearing structure located in the The extension body is filled with hardened material, and the extension body is provided with engaging rolling surfaces and is configured to accommodate therein a plate and a fastening member mounted on the rod element and the rail cable. connecting nodes in order to create a transverse clamping force in the load-bearing structure, wherein the length L,m, width Н,m and thickness Т,m of the plate and the minimum lateral dimension d,m of the load-bearing element Associated by the following ratios:

5≤L/d≤50,

3≤Н/d≤30,

0.1≤Т/d≤2,

where the length L,m and thickness Н,m of the plate are related by the following relationship:

0.2≤L/Н≤5.

10. A guide rail according to claim 9, characterised in that the threaded or unthreaded holes of the fastening member are in contact with the threaded or unthreaded holes of the plate and the carrier element in the connection node of the rod element and the rail cable. The clamping force is arranged coaxially.

11. A guide rail according to claim 9, characterized in that the load-bearing elements are made as cables, ropes, cables, strips, and/or belts, stranded or untwisted, of any high strength material, and/or other standard form of extension elements.

12. A guide rail according to claim 9, characterized in that the length L,m of the plate is related to the length _Lk ,m of the end of the combined load-bearing element and has a relationship determined by the following ratios:

2≤L/ _Lk≤5 .

13. The guide rail of claim 9, wherein the carrier elements are vertically separated by clamping strips.

14. A guide rail according to claim 13, wherein the clamping strip has a through hole arranged coaxially with the central axis of symmetry of the profiled axial slot of the plate.

15. Guide rail according to claim 13, characterized in that a profiled axial groove is formed on the side of the clamping strip facing the carrier element, the shape of the axial groove corresponds to the shape of the carrier member.