CN111018587A - Multilayer efficient composting device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Multilayer efficient composting device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
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- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-level high-efficiency composting device and a using method thereof, wherein the device comprises a composting fermentation box and an earthworm decomposition box, percolate is separated from perishable garbage in the composting fermentation box to the bottom, then the percolate is heated by solar energy, so that the composting temperature quickly reaches the optimal reaction temperature, oxygen is supplied to compost by bottom ventilation, semi-mature fertilizer obtained by composting enters the earthworm decomposition box to be decomposed, and earthworm and fertilizer are separated by heat and illumination after decomposition. The invention effectively utilizes aerobic fermentation and earthworm decomposition to accelerate composting reaction, improves the quality and composting efficiency of compost products, effectively utilizes the self substances of perishable garbage, monitors the change of composting parameters in real time through a sensor, and further optimizes the composting parameters, thereby greatly improving the utilization rate of compost materials and the composting efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composting, and particularly relates to a multi-level efficient composting device and a using method thereof.
Background
With the economic development and the improvement of the living standard of people, China generates a large amount of municipal solid waste and agricultural waste every year, and the environmental problems such as land occupation, soil and underground water pollution, disease transmission and the like are increasingly paid attention. Composting refers to a biochemical process for artificially and controllably converting degradable organic wastes in solid wastes into stable humus by using microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi, which are widely present in the nature, under certain humidity, temperature, carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) and ventilation conditions. The compost not only generates a large amount of effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, but also synthesizes new high molecular organic matter humus which is an important active substance forming the soil fertility, so that the compost product has high utilization value.
The invention relates to a patent CN201410433806.X, a rapid aerobic composting reaction device and application thereof, which comprises a material mixing part, an aerobic composting part, a circulating water part and an air supply part, wherein the material mixing part comprises a material mixing bin and a transmission device, the aerobic composting part comprises an aerobic composting bin body, the bin body is divided into an upper composting bin and a lower air supply bin by a stainless steel pore plate in the aerobic composting bin body, and the top of the composting bin is fixed with a rake-type turning device track; the outlet of the circulating water pump is connected with a feed inlet arranged at the top of the aerobic composting bin body; the outlet of the fan is connected with the air inlet of the percolate storage box and enters the air supply pipe inside. The invention has the advantages that: the independent material mixing bin can fully and uniformly mix materials and prevent large-area caking of the fertilizer; the multi-channel cobble supporting layer provides guarantee for aerobic degradation; the reaction device can ensure that the reaction process is not caked, can not generate local anaerobic phenomenon, and is used for quickly degrading sludge, straws, landscaping garbage, livestock manure and kitchen garbage of an urban sewage treatment plant. However, the device of the invention is inconvenient for knowing the change of composting parameters to adjust the composting reaction environment, and simultaneously can not fully utilize the material value of composting materials to participate in composting so as to improve the composting efficiency.
In order to achieve a good composting effect, in the treatment process, good conditions are created for the life activities of microorganisms, compost maturity is accelerated, and the fertilizer efficiency is improved, but the special properties of kitchen garbage and agricultural garbage cause the process to have great complexity, adjustment is difficult, a proper multi-level treatment process needs to be further developed, the phenomena that the raw materials of a traditional reactor are not uniformly mixed, the materials are easy to agglomerate in the composting process, and the oxygen utilization rate is low are guaranteed, and meanwhile, the composting efficiency and the quality are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of uneven raw material mixing, low raw material utilization rate, long composting time and low composting quality of the existing composting device, the invention provides the multi-level high-efficiency composting device and the using method thereof, so that the utilization rate of composting materials is improved, the composting time is shortened, organic solid wastes can be further utilized, the composting efficiency is further improved, and the composting process is simpler.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a multi-level high-efficiency composting device comprises a composting fermentation box and an earthworm decomposition box; the compost fermentation box and the earthworm decomposition box are arranged on the left and right sides and are separated by a partition board in the middle.
The bottom of the compost fermentation tank is provided with a water collecting tank, and a filter screen, a residue collecting box, a stirring device and a water sprinkling pipeline are sequentially arranged upwards; the top of the compost fermentation box is provided with a feeding hole and a heat collector.
A channel surrounding the edge of the bottom of the box body is formed between the water collecting tank and the box body of the compost fermentation box, a heat pipe is arranged in the water collecting tank, and a water pumping pipeline is arranged at the bottom of one side of the water collecting tank; the ventilation shutter is arranged on one side of the channel outside the box body and can rotate, and a ventilation opening is arranged on the shoulder surface of the channel connected with the box wall; the heat pipe is connected with the heat collector through a hollow pipe.
The water pumping pipeline is connected with a water pump outside the compost fermentation box, the water pump is connected with a water sprinkling pipeline through a pipeline, and water outlet holes are uniformly distributed on the body of the water sprinkling pipeline; the pipeline is also provided with a drain pipe; and valves are arranged on the pipeline and the water discharge pipe.
Two ends of the residue collecting box respectively penetrate through the partition plate and the box wall of the compost fermentation box, one end of the residue collecting box penetrating through the partition plate is provided with an opening, and one end of the residue collecting box penetrating through the box wall of the compost fermentation box is provided with a push plate; the opening is sealed by a baffle plate which can be drawn out, a screw hole is formed in one end of the baffle plate, and a handle and a through hole are formed in the wall, close to the push plate, of the residue collecting box; the bottoms of the two sides of the residue collecting box are also provided with drain holes which penetrate through the box body; an opening is arranged on the wall of the compost fermentation box close to the screw hole.
The stirring device comprises a rotating shaft, stirring rods are arranged on the rotating shaft in a staggered mode, and the rotating shaft is driven to rotate through a motor.
A decomposition box and an insect collecting box are respectively arranged on the left and the right in the earthworm decomposition box, and a heating chamber is also arranged at the lower part of the decomposition box; the decomposition box can be drawn out from the box body of the earthworm decomposition box; the insect collecting box is arranged at one side close to the partition plate, and a hydraulic cylinder is fixed at the bottom of the insect collecting box; the illuminating lamp is arranged on the wall of the box body at the upper part of the decomposition box; a shading plate is arranged at the upper part of the connection part of the decomposition box and the insect collecting box; a heat pipe is arranged in the heating chamber and is connected with a heat collector through a hollow pipe; the top of the heating chamber is provided with a ventilation hole.
The compost fermentation box and the earthworm decomposition box are also internally provided with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pH sensor, an oxygen sensor, an infrared sensor and a water level sensor which are all in telecommunication connection with a control center.
According to the multi-level efficient composting device, air is introduced into the composting fermentation box through the channel at the bottom, the ventilation amount is controlled by the ventilation shutters, the composting fermentation box is simple and convenient, oxygen enters from the bottom and is not affected by the turning of materials on the upper portion, a good oxygen environment can be provided for composting, the stirring device can work during oxygen supplementation every time, and the oxygen can reach the interior of the materials, so that the composting efficiency is improved. On the other hand, the invention utilizes leachate generated by compost materials to regulate the humidity and the temperature, when the compost humidity is too low, the leachate in the water collecting tank is extracted to supplement the humidity, and the stirring device also operates simultaneously to turn over the materials when the sprinkling pipe works, so that the materials can be uniformly supplemented with the humidity; when the compost temperature is too high, spraying is carried out through a sprinkler pipe to reduce the temperature of compost materials, and an external water source can be accessed for cooling; and (3) sending the semi-clinker obtained after the composting of the compound bacteria to an earthworm decomposition box for decomposition, and separating the earthworms from the decomposed organic fertilizer through heating by a heat pipe and illumination to obtain the organic fertilizer. The device greatly improves the utilization rate of compost materials, improves the composting efficiency by composting the composite bacteria and the earthworms twice, effectively optimizes the composting process by monitoring composting parameters through the sensor, and is convenient to control.
The water catch bowl is arranged in collecting the filtration liquid in the compost material, makes the compost material keep certain humidity, is favorable to compound fungus to propagate fast and grow, and the filtration liquid of material is crossed filter screen to water catch bowl, and when the material water content was crossed low or the high temperature in the compost fermentation case, sprays through watering pipeline and carries out moisturizing or cooling. The heat collector heats the percolate in the water collecting tank by utilizing the heat of the solar energy, so that the temperature in the compost fermentation box is quickly raised.
The heat pipe has high heat transfer efficiency, and can quickly heat the percolate in the water collecting tank, so that the temperature in the compost fermentation box is quickly raised, and the compost can reach the optimal reaction temperature at the fastest speed; the passageway is used for making outside air get into, and ventilation tripe controls opening and shutting of passageway, and the air that gets into the passageway passes through the vent and gets into in the compost fermenting case, provides oxygen for the compost, can also carry out the heat exchange when the compost temperature is too high simultaneously, reduces the compost temperature. The ventilation shutter can prevent the peculiar smell of the compost from leaking when being closed.
Water in the water collecting tank is pumped by a water pump to be sprayed or discharged, so that the utilization rate of materials is improved, and the composting efficiency is reduced due to overhigh water content; the drain pipe can also be connected with an external cold water pipe and used for cooling the materials.
The baffle of the residue collecting tank is used for preventing the fertilizer from leaking out during compost fermentation, after the fermentation is finished, the baffle is drawn out by screwing a screw into a screw hole, and then a push rod is inserted into the through hole to push the push plate, so that the semi-cooked fertilizer obtained by composting is pushed into the earthworm decomposition box; the wash port is used for discharging the moisture of material to the water catch bowl in, in order not to make the material also follow the drainage, the wash port should not be too big, in order to improve drainage efficiency, needs to set up a plurality of wash ports.
The decomposition box and the pest collecting box are connected to receive the semi-clinker conveyed by the compost fermentation box together for decomposing the earthworms, the pest collecting box can be adjusted in position up and down through a hydraulic cylinder fixed at the bottom of the pest collecting box, when the earthworms need to be separated after decomposition is completed, the pest collecting box is lowered, a heat pipe in a heating chamber is heated to enable high-temperature gas to enter the box through a vent hole of the decomposition box, meanwhile, an illuminating lamp is turned on, and the earthworms can move to the lowered pest collecting box which is relatively low in temperature and cannot be illuminated (blocked by a light shielding plate) by the illuminating lamp at illumination and high temperature, so that the effect of separating the earthworms is achieved.
As a further improvement of the device, the ventilation openings in the compost fermentation box are arranged on the shoulder surfaces which are parallel to each other; the side surface of the residue collecting box which is positioned at the upper part of the ventilation opening is not provided with a drain hole.
The vent sets up in shoulder face that is parallel to each other to can make box both ends can both let in the air, can be more rapidly after the air convection be covered with whole compost fermenting case. The vent is not arranged below the drain hole, so that the phenomenon that the device leaks water to generate peculiar smell and is blocked due to the fact that the device is blocked when material water is left through the vent into the channel can be prevented, and the device is not convenient to clean.
As a further improvement of the device, two ends of the filter screen are flat plates which are arranged at the lower part of the side surface of the residue collecting box without the drain hole.
The lower part of the side surface of the residue collecting box, which is not provided with the drain hole, is a shoulder surface provided with a vent, and the flat plates at the two ends of the filter screen can block the vent below, so that water of materials is further prevented from splashing into the vent.
As a further improvement of the device, the sprinkler pipe is arranged in a double pipeline mode.
The sprinkler pipe that double-barrelled set up sets up in feed inlet bottom both ends, can be more comprehensive spray the material in the compost fermenting case.
As a further improvement of the device, the stirring rods are arranged in a straight shape in pairs in parallel.
Two liang of parallel arrangement in pivot both ends of stirring rod for agitating unit becomes similar a flat board, and the stirring rod can not hinder it to take out when conveniently taking out the residue collecting box.
As a further improvement of the device, the box walls on the two sides of the decomposition box are provided with vent holes, the box wall penetrating through one end of the earthworm decomposition box is provided with a handle, and the other end of the earthworm decomposition box is open and is connected with the insect collecting box; the insect collecting box is a concave box with two open ends; the width of the open end of the decomposition box is consistent with that of the pest collecting box, and the width of the pest collecting box is consistent with that of the opening of the residue collecting box.
The vent hole on the decomposition box is used for putting hot gas in the heating chamber into the box to drive the earthworm net insect collecting box to move; the rotten case is connected and the width unanimity with the collection worm case, can avoid the semi-clinker who arrives from the propelling movement of residue collecting box to drop, therefore the width of collection worm case also needs to be unanimous with the opening width of residue collecting box.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a using method of the multilayer efficient composting device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps of placing a multi-level efficient composting device in a place with good outdoor lighting, adding one or more than two of organic solid wastes such as excess sludge, straws, landscaping garbage, livestock and poultry manure, kitchen garbage and the like in any proportion into a composting fermentation box together with a composite microbial inoculum, sealing a feed inlet, and starting a motor to enable a stirring device to operate and stir for 5-10 min.
S2: after leachate in the composting fermentation box flows into the water collecting tank, the ventilation shutter is opened to enable air to enter the composting fermentation box, the heat collector is adjusted to heat the heat pipe to enable the temperature in the composting fermentation box to rise rapidly, and the stirring device and the ventilation shutter are closed after the optimal temperature and the optimal humidity in the box are monitored by the hygrometer and the oxygen sensor in real time.
S3: monitoring main parameters of the composting reaction process in real time through a temperature sensor, a hygrometer, a pH sensor, an oxygen sensor, an infrared sensor and a water level sensor, and uploading the parameters to a control center for data processing and display; and the data center compares the processed data with a preset parameter value, and the early warning is carried out when the numerical deviation exceeds a preset range.
S4: the stirring device is started for 2 times every day, and the stirring is carried out for 5-10 min every time; if the detected oxygen content is lower than the preset range threshold, opening the ventilation shutter to enable oxygen to enter the compost fermentation box; if the humidity is lower than the preset range threshold value, water in the water collecting tank is conveyed to the sprinkling pipe through the water pump to be sprinkled, and the stirring device is started in the sprinkling process.
S5: and keeping the temperature in the compost fermentation box above 55 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65% for fermentation for 7 days to obtain semi-cooked fertilizer, sleeving a screw rod into a screw hole, extracting a baffle plate of the residue collection box, inserting a push rod into a through hole to push a push plate to enable the semi-cooked fertilizer in the residue collection box to enter a decomposition box, and adding fresh kitchen garbage and livestock and poultry manure to decompose the earthworms.
S6: after the earthworms are decomposed for 5 days, the position of the worm collecting box is lower than the decomposition box by 10-15 cm through a hydraulic cylinder, then a heat pipe in a heating chamber at the bottom of the decomposition box is started, the temperature in the decomposition box is raised to 45-55 ℃, meanwhile, an illuminating lamp at the top of the decomposition box is turned on, the earthworms completely move into the worm collecting box under the action of illumination and high temperature, after the infrared sensor detects that no living earthworms exist, the decomposition box is drawn out, and the decomposed fertilizer is taken out of a bin.
As a further improvement of the use method of the multi-level efficient composting device, the compound microbial inoculum is obtained by mixing saprophytic aerobic bacteria, lignin degrading bacteria, cellulose degrading bacteria and protein degrading bacteria according to the ratio of 10:3:3:3, and the adding amount is 4-5 mL/kg of materials.
As a further improvement of the use method of the multi-level efficient composting device, the ratio of the semi-finished manure, the fresh kitchen garbage and the livestock and poultry manure in the earthworm decomposition box is 20:1:1, and the livestock and poultry manure is fermented at high temperature to achieve a sanitary and harmless condition.
The method is further improved as the using method of the multi-level high-efficiency composting device, and the main parameters are organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, water content, salt content, pH value, temperature and oxygen concentration; the infrared sensor is used for measuring the organic carbon content, the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content, the water content, the salt content and the number of living earthworms; the humidity sensor, the pH sensor, the temperature sensor and the oxygen sensor are used for respectively measuring humidity, pH value, temperature and oxygen concentration.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the multi-level efficient composting device, perishable garbage after leachate separation is firstly subjected to compound bacteria composting to obtain semi-mature fertilizer, and then the earthworm is used for decomposing the semi-mature fertilizer, so that substances in the perishable garbage can be more effectively utilized through multi-level composting, and the quality of composting products and the composting efficiency are improved.
2. The multi-level efficient composting device disclosed by the invention utilizes solar energy to heat percolate of materials, utilizes the heated percolate to regulate the humidity and temperature of compost, utilizes substances of the composting materials to complete the whole composting process in multiple aspects, greatly improves the utilization rate of the composting materials, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
3. The multi-level efficient composting device is reasonable in design, residues and percolate generated by composting are convenient to take out and do not affect each other, the generation of compost peculiar smell is effectively avoided, the environment in the composting process can be conveniently adjusted, and the labor cost of composting is reduced.
4. The multi-level efficient composting device is used for composting urban garbage, rural garbage and kitchen garbage, the change of composting parameters is monitored in real time through the sensor, so that the composting is easier to control, the composting environment is changed only by simply controlling the composting device, the composting is simpler and more convenient, and the labor cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-level high-efficiency composting device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a bottom cross-sectional view of a composting fermentation box of the multi-level high efficiency composting apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front sectional view of the multi-level high efficiency composting apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a residue collection tank of the multi-level high-efficiency composting apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the decomposing box structure of the multi-level high-efficiency composting apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the insect collecting box of the multi-level high-efficiency composting apparatus of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-compost fermentation tank, 2-heat collector, 3-feed inlet, 4-ventilation louver, 5-residue collecting tank, 6-stirring device, 7-filter screen, 8-heat pipe, 9-water pump, 10-water pumping pipeline, 11-pipeline, 12-valve, 13-water draining pipe, 14-water spraying pipe, 15-water outlet, 16-shoulder surface, 17-channel, 18-ventilation opening, 19-water collecting tank, 20-water draining hole, 21-handle, 22-stirring rod, 23-flat plate, 24-hollow pipe, 25-decomposition tank, 26-insect collecting tank, 27-hydraulic cylinder, 28-baffle, 29-screw hole, 30-through hole, 31-partition plate, 32-earthworm decomposition tank and 33-lighting lamp, 34-light screen, 35-heating chamber, 36-push plate, 37-opening and 38-vent hole.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
A multi-level high-efficiency composting device as shown in fig. 1-3, which comprises a composting fermentation box 1 and an earthworm decomposition box 32; the compost fermentation box 1 and the earthworm decomposition box 32 are arranged on the left and right and are separated by a partition plate 31 in the middle.
The bottom of the compost fermentation box 1 is provided with a water collecting tank 19, and the water collecting tank 19 is sequentially provided with a filter screen 7, a residue collecting box 5, a stirring device 6 and a sprinkling pipeline 14 upwards; the top of the compost fermentation box 1 is provided with a feeding hole 3 and a heat collector 2. Two ends of the filter screen 7 are flat plates 23; the sprinkler pipe 14 is a double pipe arrangement.
A channel 17 surrounding the edge of the bottom of the box body is formed between the water collecting tank 19 and the box body of the compost fermentation box 1, a heat pipe 8 is arranged in the water collecting tank 19, and a water pumping pipeline 10 is arranged at the bottom of one side of the water collecting tank 19; the ventilation louver 4 is arranged on one side of the channel 17, which is positioned outside the box body, the ventilation louver 4 can rotate, a ventilation opening 18 is arranged on a shoulder surface 16, which is connected with the box wall, of the channel 17, and the ventilation openings 18 are arranged on the shoulder surfaces 16 which are parallel to each other; the heat pipe 8 is connected with the heat collector 2 through a hollow pipe 24. As shown in particular in fig. 1 and 2.
The water pumping pipeline 10 is connected with a water pump 9 outside the compost fermentation box 1, the water pump 9 is connected with a water sprinkling pipeline 14 through a pipeline 11, and water outlet holes 15 are uniformly distributed on the body of the water sprinkling pipeline 14; the pipeline 11 is also provided with a drain pipe 13; the pipeline 11 and the drain pipe 13 are both provided with a valve 12; as shown in particular in figure 3.
Two ends of the residue collection box 5 respectively penetrate through the partition plate 31 and the box wall of the compost fermentation box 1, one end penetrating through the partition plate 31 is provided with an opening, and one end penetrating through the box wall of the compost fermentation box 1 is provided with a push plate 36; the opening is sealed by a drawable baffle 28, one end of the baffle 28 is provided with a screw hole 29, and the wall of the residue collection box 5 close to the push plate 36 is provided with a handle 21 and a through hole 30; the bottoms of the two sides of the residue collection box 5 are also provided with drain holes 20 which penetrate through the box body; an opening 37 is arranged on the wall of the compost fermentation box 1 close to the screw hole 29, and the baffle 28 can be drawn out after a screw is screwed into the screw hole 29 from the opening 37.
The drain holes 20 are rectangular holes with the size of 10mm multiplied by 5mm, the drain holes 20 are arranged at intervals of 5cm, the drain holes 20 are not arranged on the side surface of the residue collection box 5 positioned at the upper part of the ventilation opening 18, and the flat plates 23 at the two ends of the filter screen 7 are arranged on the lower part of the side surface of the residue collection box 5 not provided with the drain holes 20; as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4.
The stirring device 6 comprises a rotating shaft, stirring rods 22 are arranged on the rotating shaft in a staggered mode, every two of the stirring rods 22 are arranged in a straight line shape in parallel, and the whole stirring device is in a similar flat plate shape; the stirring device drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the motor.
The left and right sides of the earthworm decomposition box 32 are respectively provided with a decomposition box 25 and an insect collecting box 26, and the lower part of the decomposition box 25 is also provided with a heating chamber 35; the decomposition box 25 can be drawn out from the box body of the earthworm decomposition box 32; the insect collecting box 26 is arranged at one side close to the partition plate 31, and the bottom of the insect collecting box is fixed with a hydraulic cylinder 27; the illuminating lamp 33 is arranged on the wall of the upper part of the decomposition box 25; a light screen 34 is arranged at the upper part of the connection part of the decomposition box 25 and the pest collecting box 26, the light screen 34 is fixed at the top in the earthworm decomposition box 32, and the light of an illuminating lamp 33 can not irradiate the pest collecting box 26; a heat pipe 8 is arranged in the heating chamber 35, and the heat pipe 8 is connected with the heat collector 2 through a hollow pipe 24; the top of the heating chamber 35 is provided with a vent 18.
As shown in fig. 5, the decomposition box 25 has vent holes 38 on the box walls at both sides, a handle 21 is arranged on the box wall penetrating through one end of the earthworm decomposition box 32, and the other end is open and connected with the insect collecting box 26; the insect collecting box 26 is a concave box with two open ends as shown in fig. 6, one end of the insect collecting box 26 is connected with the open end of the decomposing box 25, and the other end is connected with the open end of the residue collecting box 5; the width of the open end of the decomposition box 25 is consistent with that of the insect collecting box 26, and the width of the insect collecting box 26 is consistent with that of the opening of the residue collecting box 5.
The compost fermentation box 1 and the earthworm decomposition box 32 are also internally provided with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pH sensor, an oxygen sensor, an infrared sensor and a water level sensor which are all in telecommunication connection with a control center.
The method for composting by using the multilayer high-efficiency composting device comprises the following steps:
s1: the device is placed in a place with good outdoor lighting, one or more than two of organic solid wastes such as residual sludge, straws, landscaping garbage, livestock and poultry manure, kitchen garbage and the like in any proportion are added into a compost fermentation box 1 together with a composite microbial inoculum, a feed inlet 3 is sealed, and a motor is started to enable a stirring device to operate and stir for 5-10 min.
S2: after the percolate in the compost fermentation box 5 flows into the water collecting tank 19, the ventilation shutter 4 is opened to enable air to enter the compost fermentation box 1, meanwhile, the heat collector 2 is adjusted to heat the heat pipe 8 to enable the temperature in the compost fermentation box 1 to rise rapidly, and the stirring device and the ventilation shutter 4 are closed after the optimal temperature and the optimal humidity in the box are monitored by the hygrometer and the oxygen sensor in real time.
S3: monitoring main parameters of the composting reaction process in real time through a temperature sensor, a hygrometer, a pH sensor, an oxygen sensor, an infrared sensor and a water level sensor, and uploading the parameters to a control center for data processing and display; and the data center compares the processed data with a preset parameter value, and the early warning is carried out when the numerical deviation exceeds a preset range.
The main parameters are organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, heavy metal concentration, water content, salt content, pH value, temperature and oxygen concentration; the infrared sensor is used for measuring the content of organic carbon, the content of total nitrogen, the content of total phosphorus, the concentration of heavy metal, the water content and the salt content; the humidity sensor, the pH sensor, the temperature sensor and the oxygen sensor are used for respectively measuring humidity, pH value, temperature and oxygen concentration.
S4: the stirring device is started for 2 times every day, and the stirring is carried out for 5-10 min every time; if the detected oxygen content is lower than the preset range threshold, opening the ventilation shutter 4 to enable oxygen to enter the compost fermentation box 1; if the humidity is lower than the preset range threshold value, the water in the water collecting tank 19 is conveyed to the sprinkling pipe 14 through the water pump 9 for sprinkling, and the stirring device is started in the sprinkling process.
S5: the compost fermentation box 1 is kept for fermentation for 7 days at the temperature of more than 55 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65% to obtain semi-cooked manure, a screw is sleeved into a screw hole 29 to draw out a baffle 28 of the residue collection box 5, a push rod is inserted into a through hole 30 to push a push plate 36 to enable the semi-cooked manure in the residue collection box 5 to enter a decomposition box 25, and then fresh kitchen garbage and livestock and poultry manure are added to carry out earthworm decomposition.
S6: after the earthworms are decomposed for 5 days, the position of the earthworm collecting box 26 is lower than the decomposition box 2510-15 cm through the hydraulic cylinder 27, then the heat pipe 8 in the heating chamber 35 at the bottom of the decomposition box 25 is started, the temperature in the decomposition box 25 is raised to 45-55 ℃, meanwhile, the lighting 33 lamp at the top of the decomposition box 25 is turned on, all the earthworms move into the earthworm collecting box 26 under the action of illumination and high temperature, after no living earthworms are detected by the infrared sensor, the decomposition box 25 is drawn out, and the decomposed fertilizer is taken out of the bin.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made thereto by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a multilayer high-efficient composting device which characterized in that: comprises a compost fermentation box (1) and an earthworm decomposition box (32); the compost fermentation box (1) and the earthworm decomposition box (32) are arranged at the left and right sides and are separated by a partition plate (31) in the middle;
the bottom of the compost fermentation box (1) is provided with a water collecting tank (19), and a filter screen (7), a residue collecting box (5), a stirring device (6) and a sprinkling pipeline (14) are sequentially arranged upwards; the top of the compost fermentation box (1) is provided with a feeding hole (3) and a heat collector (2);
a channel (17) surrounding the edge of the bottom of the box body is formed between the water collecting tank (19) and the box body of the compost fermentation box (1), a heat pipe (8) is arranged in the water collecting tank (19), and a water pumping pipeline (10) is arranged at the bottom of one side of the water collecting tank (19); the ventilation louver (4) is arranged on one side of the channel (17) outside the box body, the ventilation louver (4) can rotate, and a ventilation opening (18) is arranged on a shoulder surface (16) of the channel (17) connected with the box wall; the heat pipe (8) is connected with the heat collector (2) through a hollow pipe (24);
the water pumping pipeline (10) is connected with a water pump (9) outside the compost fermentation box (1), the water pump (9) is connected with a water sprinkling pipeline (14) through a pipeline (11), and water outlet holes (15) are uniformly distributed on the body of the water sprinkling pipeline (14); a drain pipe (13) is also arranged on the pipeline (11); valves (12) are arranged on the pipeline (11) and the drain pipe (13);
two ends of the residue collection box (5) respectively penetrate through the partition plate (31) and the box wall of the compost fermentation box (1), one end penetrating through the partition plate (31) is provided with an opening, and one end penetrating through the box wall of the compost fermentation box (1) is provided with a push plate (36); the opening is sealed by a baffle (28) which can be drawn out, a screw hole (29) is arranged at one end of the baffle (28), and a handle (21) and a through hole (30) are arranged on the wall of the residue collection box (5) close to the push plate (36); the bottoms of the two sides of the residue collecting box (5) are also provided with drain holes (20) which penetrate through the box body; an opening (37) is arranged on the wall of the compost fermentation box (1) close to the screw hole (29);
the stirring device (6) comprises a rotating shaft, stirring rods (22) are arranged on the rotating shaft in a staggered mode, and the rotating shaft is driven to rotate through a motor;
a decomposition box (25) and a pest collecting box (26) are respectively arranged on the left and the right in the earthworm decomposition box (32), and a heating chamber (35) is further arranged at the lower part of the decomposition box (25); the decomposition box (25) can be drawn out from the box body of the earthworm decomposition box (32); the insect collecting box (26) is arranged at one side close to the partition plate (31), and the bottom of the insect collecting box is fixed with a hydraulic cylinder (27); the illuminating lamp (33) is arranged on the wall of the box body at the upper part of the decomposition box (25); a shading plate (34) is arranged at the upper part of the joint of the decomposition box (25) and the pest collecting box (26); a heat pipe (8) is arranged in the heating chamber (35), and the heat pipe (8) is connected with the heat collector (2) through a hollow pipe (24); the top of the heating chamber (35) is provided with a vent hole (18);
the openings of the residue collection box (5), the worm collection box (26) and the earthworm decomposition box (25) are mutually connected;
the compost fermentation box (1) and the earthworm decomposition box (32) are also internally provided with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pH sensor, an oxygen sensor, an infrared sensor and a water level sensor which are all connected with a control center.
2. The multi-level high efficiency composting apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the ventilation openings (18) in the compost fermentation box (1) are arranged on the shoulder surfaces (16) which are parallel to each other; the side surface of the residue collecting box (5) which is positioned at the upper part of the ventilation opening (18) is not provided with a drain hole (20).
3. The multi-level high efficiency composting apparatus of claim 1 wherein: two ends of the filter screen (7) are flat plates (23), and the flat plates (23) are arranged at the lower part of the side surface of the residue collection box (5) where the drain holes (20) are not arranged.
4. The multi-level high efficiency composting apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the sprinkler pipe (14) is arranged by double pipelines.
5. The multi-level high efficiency composting apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the stirring rods (22) are arranged in a straight shape in pairs.
6. The multi-level high efficiency composting apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the box walls on the two sides of the decomposition box (25) are provided with vent holes (38), the box wall penetrating through one end of the earthworm decomposition box (32) is provided with a handle (21), and the other end of the earthworm decomposition box is open and is connected with the insect collecting box (26); the insect collecting box (26) is a concave box with two open ends; the width of the open end of the decomposition box (25) is consistent with that of the insect collecting box (26), and the width of the insect collecting box is consistent with that of the opening of the residue collecting box (5).
7. The use method of the multilayer high-efficiency composting device as claimed in claims 1-6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: placing a multi-level efficient composting device in an outdoor lighting place, adding one or more than two of organic solid wastes such as excess sludge, straws, landscaping garbage, livestock and poultry manure, kitchen garbage and the like in any proportion into a composting fermentation box (1) together with a composite microbial inoculum, sealing a feed inlet (3), and starting a motor to enable a stirring device to operate and stir for 5-10 min;
s2: when leachate in the compost fermentation box (5) flows into a water collecting tank (19), opening the ventilation shutter (4) to enable air to enter the compost fermentation box (1), adjusting the heat collector (2) to heat the heat pipe (8) to enable the temperature in the compost fermentation box (1) to rise rapidly, monitoring the optimal temperature and the optimal humidity in the box in real time through a hygrometer and an oxygen sensor, and then closing the stirring device and the ventilation shutter (4);
s3: monitoring main parameters of the composting reaction process in real time through a temperature sensor, a hygrometer, a pH sensor, an oxygen sensor, an infrared sensor and a water level sensor, and uploading the parameters to a control center for data processing and display; the data center compares the processed data with a preset parameter value, and the data center carries out early warning when the numerical deviation exceeds a preset range;
s4: the stirring device is started for 2 times every day, and the stirring is carried out for 5-10 min every time; if the detected oxygen content is lower than the preset range threshold, opening the ventilation shutter (4) to enable oxygen to enter the compost fermentation box (1); if the humidity is lower than the preset range threshold value, water in the water collecting tank (19) is conveyed to the sprinkling pipe (14) through the water pump (9) to be sprinkled, and the stirring device is started in the sprinkling process;
s5: keeping the temperature in the compost fermentation box (1) above 55 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65% for fermentation for 7 days to obtain half-cooked manure, sleeving a screw rod into a screw hole (29) to draw out a baffle plate (28) of the residue collection box (5), inserting a push rod into a through hole (30) to push a push plate (36) to enable the half-cooked manure in the residue collection box (5) to enter a decomposition box (25), and then adding fresh kitchen garbage and livestock and poultry manure to carry out earthworm decomposition;
s6: after the earthworms are decomposed for 5 days, the position of the earthworm collecting box (26) is 10-15 cm lower than the decomposition box (25) through the hydraulic cylinder (27), then the heat pipe (8) in the heating chamber (35) at the bottom of the decomposition box (25) is started to raise the temperature in the decomposition box (25) to 45-55 ℃, meanwhile, the lighting lamp (33) at the top of the decomposition box (25) is turned on, the earthworms all move into the earthworm collecting box (26) under the action of illumination and high temperature, after no living earthworms are detected by the infrared sensor, the decomposition box (25) is drawn out, and decomposed fertilizers are taken out of a bin.
8. The method for using a multi-level high efficiency composting apparatus of claim 7 wherein: the composite microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing saprophytic aerobic bacteria, lignin degrading bacteria, cellulose degrading bacteria and protein degrading bacteria according to the ratio of 10:3:3:3, and the adding amount is 4-5 mL/kg of material.
9. The method for using a multi-level high efficiency composting apparatus of claim 7 wherein: the ratio of the half-cooked fertilizer, the fresh kitchen garbage and the livestock and poultry manure in the earthworm decomposition box (32) is 20:1:1, and the livestock and poultry manure is fermented at high temperature to achieve a sanitary and harmless condition.
10. The method for using a multi-level high efficiency composting apparatus of claim 7 wherein: the main parameters are organic carbon content, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, water content, salt content, pH value, temperature and oxygen concentration; the infrared sensor is used for measuring the organic carbon content, the total nitrogen content, the total phosphorus content, the water content, the salt content and the number of living earthworms; the humidity sensor, the pH sensor, the temperature sensor and the oxygen sensor are used for respectively measuring humidity, pH value, temperature and oxygen concentration.
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| CN201911391255.4A CN111018587A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Multilayer efficient composting device and using method thereof |
| PCT/CN2020/078696 WO2021134917A1 (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2020-03-11 | Multi-level efficient composting apparatus and method for using same |
| DE112020000013.3T DE112020000013T5 (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2020-03-11 | Multi-stage high-efficiency composting device and its method of use |
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| CN113019611A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-06-25 | 东莞职业技术学院 | Kitchen waste treatment device and method and storage medium |
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| WO2021134917A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 |
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