CN110407424A - A method for treating animal and plant manure in an ectopic fermentation bed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating animal and plant feces by an ectopic fermentation bed, which comprises the following steps: step one, constructing an ectopic fermentation bed; collecting and treating feces; step three, ectopic fermentation; and step four, periodically processing and maintaining. According to the invention, the ectopic fermentation bed is constructed to treat the animal and plant excrement, so that heat and gas generated in the fermentation process of the ectopic fermentation bed can be effectively introduced into the gas collecting tank to be stored, a certain energy source storage is provided for a culture farm, the energy expenditure is saved, the cost of the culture farm is reduced, the excrement can be effectively and fully fermented by the padding formed by mixing various materials, odor and heavy metals in the excrement can be effectively adsorbed, the dead bed phenomenon caused by overhigh content of heavy metals in the traditional ectopic fermentation bed is solved, the excrement can be effectively decomposed by aerobic bacteria, the pollution of the excrement to the environment is reduced, the fermented padding can be effectively recycled as a bio-organic fertilizer, and the purpose of cyclic utilization of the padding is achieved.

Description

A method for treating animal and plant manure in an ectopic fermentation bed

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of manure treatment, in particular to a method for treating animal and plant manure in an ectopic fermentation bed.

Background technique

Breeding is an important industry in our country. The output of this industry and its impact on the environment are the main concerns of people. Farmed animals will produce a lot of manure every day and the manure produced by flushing the farm. If the manure has not passed through If it is properly disposed of and discharged directly into pits or rivers, it will seriously pollute soil and water sources.

In recent years, more and more farms have begun to use the technical measure of ectopic fermentation bed to treat farm manure. Although manure has been treated to a certain extent, this technology is fundamentally still There are certain problems.

The existing ectopic fermentation bed separates the farm from the manure, and then ferments and decomposes the manure through microorganisms. However, a large amount of heat will be generated during the fermentation process, and it will not only waste resources to a certain extent if it is directly discharged into the environment. It will also affect the environment due to some harmful elements in the hot air, and most of the existing ectopic fermentation beds directly use wood chips or chaff as bedding materials. If the water content is too high, microorganisms cannot completely decompose the manure and reduce the fermentation efficiency, which will easily cause excess manure to overflow into the soil and cause soil pollution. At the same time, the existing ectopic fermentation bed will easily cause heavy metal enrichment during the fermentation process , resulting in litter compaction or dead bed phenomenon, thus affecting the recycling of litter, making litter another pollutant.

Contents of the invention

1. Technical problems to be solved

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for treating animal and plant manure in an ectopic fermentation bed, which can effectively reduce the cost of the farm, avoid the accumulation and agglomeration of feces in the sewage collection pool, and avoid the occurrence of excessive heavy metal content in the ectopic fermentation bed. The dead bed phenomenon can effectively decompose the manure and reduce the environmental pollution caused by manure.

2. Technical solution

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:

A method for treating animal and plant manure in an ectopic fermentation bed, comprising the steps of:

Step 1, construction of ectopic fermentation bed:

A. Establish a slope type ectopic fermentation bed by cement near the farm. The middle of the ectopic fermentation bed is a spray pool, and at least 2 fermentation pools are arranged on both sides of the spray pool;

B. Spread the litter evenly inside the fermentation tank, and evenly spread the bacteria on the surface of the litter, and the amount of bacteria spread is 1kg/2.5m ³ ;

C. Fix the mixer evenly inside the spray tank, set slide rails on the top of both sides of the fermentation tank, slide and install the displacement machine between the slide rails, and then install the automatic spray machine above the displacement machine, and install the automatic spray machine at one end Sewage pump, install a trough turner under the transfer machine, the width of the trough turner is equal to the width of the fermentation tank;

D. Set up a sealed sun shed above the ectopic fermentation bed. Ventilation fans are fixed on both sides of the sealed sun shed, and then a gas collecting tank is built near the ectopic fermentation bed, and the ventilation fan on one side is connected with the ventilation fan through a pipeline. The ventilation fan on the other side is connected with the external environment;

Step 2, manure collection and treatment:

A. Set up a sewage collection tank under the farm, and set up a water storage tank near the sewage collection tank, and provide drinking water for the farm through the water storage tank;

B. Install a cutting pump inside the sewage collection tank, and use the cutting pump to crush and stir the collected feces and urine at a high speed to maintain the uniformity of the feces and sewage inside the sewage collection tank, and then provide additional water for the sewage collection tank through the water storage tank to maintain the collection The water content of the sewage pool reaches 50-60%;

C. Lay a pipeline between the sewage collection tank and the ectopic fermentation bed, and pump the uniformly mixed dung in the sewage collection tank into the inside of the spray tank in step 1 through a liquid suction pump;

Step 3, ectopic fermentation:

A. Turn on the ventilation fans on both sides of the sealed sun shed in step 1, maintain the ventilation inside the sealed sun shed, keep the oxygen content in the shed not lower than 80% of the ambient oxygen content, and evenly spray the fermentation agent on the mat in the fermentation tank The material is initially fermented, and the fermentation time is 5 to 6 days;

B. Turn on the mixer inside the spray tank in step 1, and continuously stir the dung water inside the spray tank through the mixer to maintain the uniformity of the dung water, and then use the sewage pump to pump the dung water into the automatic spray machine and make it evenly Spray on the litter, control the displacement machine to move on the slide rail, and continuously turn the litter sprayed with dung water through the trough turning machine, and the turning frequency is 3 to 4 times per day;

C. Heat up the temperature inside the sealed sun shed, and ferment the manure through the high-temperature ectopic fermentation bed. During the fermentation process, keep the center temperature of the fermentation tank above 55°C, and keep the content of the litter in the ectopic fermentation bed fermentation tank during fermentation. The water volume is 40-45%;

D. The heat and gas generated by fermentation are introduced into the gas collecting tank through the ventilation fan on one side for storage, so as to provide a certain energy reserve for the farm to generate electricity for the farm.

Step four, regular processing and maintenance:

A. Supplement the bacteria 1-2 times a month, and the content of the supplemented bacteria should not exceed 5% of the amount of the bacteria that was spread for the first time;

B. Clean up half of the total amount of litter every 6 to 8 months as organic fertilizer for vegetables, fruit trees and other crops, and then add a certain amount of litter to keep the total height of the litter not lower than the height of the original litter 90% of.

Specifically, 6 to 8 drainage ditches are arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank in step 1A.

Specifically, the litter in Step 1B is at least two kinds of materials among leaves, sawdust, straw scraps, orange peel scraps, rice husks, vermiculite scraps, and kaolinite clay, and the adjacent two materials A layer of pine needle humus was sprinkled between them.

Specifically, the total height of the litter is 1.2-1.5m, and the thickness of each layer of pine needle humus is no more than 0.2m.

Specifically, the bacterial species described in Step 1B is a mixture of high-temperature decomposing bacteria and aerobic microbial bacterial agents.

Specifically, the spraying amount of the automatic spraying machine described in Step 3B is 1T/50m ^{3 .}

Specifically, when the oxygen content inside the sealed sun shed is insufficient during the fermentation process described in step 3C, 10-15 m ³ of air is maintained per square meter of litter per day.

3. Beneficial effect

(1) The present invention establishes a sealed sunlight shed above the ectopic fermentation bed, and builds an air collecting tank near the ectopic fermentation bed, and connects the ventilation fan on one side of the sealed sun shed with the air collecting tank through a pipeline, which can effectively The heat and gas generated during the fermentation process of the ectopic fermentation bed are stored in the gas collection tank, thereby providing a certain energy reserve for the farm to generate electricity for the farm, effectively avoiding the heat generated by the traditional open-air fermentation bed during fermentation The impact on the environment, and the effective recycling of energy, saves energy expenses and reduces the cost of the farm;

(2) The invention uses a cutting pump to crush and cut the animal manure in the sewage collection tank before fermenting, which effectively avoids the phenomenon of accumulation and agglomeration of feces after long-term sewage collection in the traditional sewage collection tank, and passes through the inside of the spray tank The advanced mixer performs secondary stirring on the manure to further ensure the uniformity of the manure, thereby ensuring that the manure can be fully fermented with the litter, reducing the residue of manure, and avoiding the phenomenon of hardening of the bedding or causing dead beds in the ectopic fermentation bed;

(3) The present invention effectively improves the water absorption and air permeability of the traditional litter by adopting a treatment method combining litter mixed with various materials and fermentation, and effectively absorbs the odor and odor in the manure through the litter. Heavy metals, thus solving the dead bed phenomenon caused by the high content of heavy metals in the traditional ectopic fermentation bed, and at the same time, it can effectively neutralize the alkaline substances in the manure through the pine needle humus, reduce the salinity enrichment of the litter, and effectively improve The pH value of the litter material can avoid excessive alkalinization of the litter material, improve the activity of the litter material, improve the fermentation efficiency, inhibit the reproduction of pests and bacteria in the manure, facilitate the recycling of the litter material, and reduce the impact on the environment when the litter material is recycled. secondary pollution;

(4) In the present invention, the manure is evenly sprayed into the fermentation tank in the ectopic fermentation bed for heating and fermentation, and the litter is turned over regularly to effectively increase the contact area between the manure and the litter, thereby effectively passing aerobic microorganisms Decompose the manure so that the manure can achieve the purpose of harmless treatment, avoiding the impact on the environment caused by the direct discharge of manure from the farm, and at the same time, the litter can effectively provide the ecological environment balance required by microorganisms after fermentation, so that the manure The decomposition can be carried out sustainably, effectively facilitating the comprehensive treatment of manure, greatly reducing the breeding sewage of the farm, and effectively reducing the pollution of the breeding industry to the environment;

(5) The present invention effectively guarantees the bacterial content of the heterotopic fermentation bed and the oxygen concentration of the fermentation environment through regular treatment and maintenance of the heterotopic fermentation bed, which facilitates the full reproduction of aerobic bacteria, thereby effectively passing the good Oxygen microorganisms fully decompose the organic matter in the manure, thereby ensuring the full decomposition and treatment of the manure, reducing the pollution of the manure to the environment, and at the same time, it can effectively ferment the bedding and manure, so that the bedding can be recycled as bio-organic fertilizer. Effectively provide nutrients for vegetables, fruit trees and other crops, promote the growth of plants, and achieve the purpose of litter recycling;

In summary, a method for treating animal and plant manure in an ectopic fermentation bed provided by the present invention can effectively transfer the heat and gas generated in the fermentation process of the ectopic fermentation bed into the gas collection tank for storage, and provide a certain amount of energy for the farm. Energy storage saves energy expenditure, reduces the cost of the farm, can effectively avoid the accumulation and agglomeration of feces in the sewage collection tank, ensures the uniformity of spraying manure, and can effectively treat manure through the litter mixed with various materials. Fully ferment, effectively absorb the odor and heavy metals in the manure, solve the dead bed phenomenon caused by the high content of heavy metals in the traditional ectopic fermentation bed, effectively improve the pH value of the litter, avoid excessive alkalinization of the pH value of the litter, and improve fermentation High efficiency, can effectively decompose manure through aerobic bacteria, fully decompose manure, inhibit the reproduction of pests and bacteria in manure, reduce the pollution of manure to the environment, and effectively make the fermented litter as bio-organic fertilizer Recycling, to achieve the purpose of litter recycling.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.

Example 1

A method for treating animal and plant manure in an ectopic fermentation bed, comprising the steps of:

Step 1, construction of ectopic fermentation bed:

A. A slope-type ectopic fermentation bed is established by cement near the farm. The middle of the ectopic fermentation bed is a spray pool. There are 2 fermentation pools on both sides of the spray pool, and 6 drainage ditches are set at the bottom of the fermentation pool, which is effective Avoid the enrichment of excess water, which will affect the subsequent fermentation process;

B. Spread the bedding evenly inside the fermentation tank. The bedding is a mixture of leaves, straw scraps, vermiculite scraps and kaolinite clay, and leaves, straw scraps, vermiculite scraps and kaolinite clay. The total volume ratio is 2:5:1:2, and a layer of pine needle humus is sprinkled between two adjacent materials. The total height of the litter is 1.2m, and the thickness of each layer of pine needle humus is 0.1m , it is convenient to quickly absorb the moisture in the manure through the cellulose in the leaves and straw debris, and improve the air permeability of the bedding material, which is convenient for the microorganisms in the bedding material to decompose the manure, and can effectively pass through the vermiculite debris and kaolin Stone clay absorbs moisture and heavy metals in manure, avoiding the dead bed phenomenon caused by excessive heavy metal content in ectopic fermentation beds, and can effectively neutralize alkaline substances in manure through pine needle humus and reduce litter salinity Enrichment, so as to effectively improve the pH value of the litter, avoid excessive alkalinization of the pH value of the litter, evenly sprinkle the bacteria on the surface of the litter, the amount of the bacteria spread is 1kg/2.5m ³ , the bacteria are high-temperature decomposed bacteria and good The mixture of aerobic microbial agents can effectively ensure the biological decomposition of the bacteria in a high temperature environment, so as to fully treat the manure;

C. Fix the mixer evenly inside the spray tank, set slide rails on the top of both sides of the fermentation tank, slide and install the displacement machine between the slide rails, and then install the automatic spray machine above the displacement machine, and install the automatic spray machine at one end Sewage pump, install a trough turner under the transfer machine, the width of the trough turner is equal to the width of the fermentation tank;

D. Set up a sealed sun shed above the ectopic fermentation bed. Ventilation fans are fixed on both sides of the sealed sun shed, and then a gas collecting tank is built near the ectopic fermentation bed, and the ventilation fan on one side is connected with the ventilation fan through a pipeline. The ventilation fan on the other side is connected with the external environment;

Step 2, manure collection and treatment:

A. Set up a sewage collection tank under the farm, and set up a water storage tank near the sewage collection tank, and provide drinking water for the farm through the water storage tank;

B. Install a cutting pump inside the sewage collection tank, and use the cutting pump to crush and stir the collected feces and urine at a high speed to maintain the uniformity of the feces and sewage inside the sewage collection tank, and then provide additional water for the sewage collection tank through the water storage tank to maintain the collection The water content of the sewage pool reaches 50%;

C. Lay a pipeline between the sewage collection tank and the ectopic fermentation bed, and pump the uniformly mixed dung in the sewage collection tank into the inside of the spray tank in step 1 through a liquid suction pump;

Step 3, ectopic fermentation:

A. Turn on the ventilation fans on both sides of the sealed sun shed in step 1, maintain the ventilation inside the sealed sun shed, keep the oxygen content in the shed to 85% of the oxygen content in the environment, and spray the fermentation agent evenly in the fermentation tank to dry the litter. Preliminary fermentation, the fermentation time is 5 days;

B. Turn on the mixer inside the spray tank in step 1, and continuously stir the dung water inside the spray tank through the mixer to maintain the uniformity of the dung water, and then use the sewage pump to pump the dung water into the automatic spray machine and make it evenly Spray on the litter, the spraying amount of the automatic sprayer is 1T/50m ³ , to avoid the excessive water content of the litter caused by excessive spraying of feces, control the displacement machine to move on the slide rail, through the trough type throwing machine to continuously Turn the litter that has been sprayed with dung water regularly, and the turning frequency is 3 times/day;

C. Heat up the inside of the sealed sun shed, and ferment the manure through the high-temperature ectopic fermentation bed. During the fermentation process, keep the central temperature of the fermentation tank at 60°C, and maintain the water content of the litter during fermentation in the ectopic fermentation bed fermentation tank. At 40%, when the oxygen content inside the sealed sun shed is insufficient during the fermentation process, ^15m3 of air is maintained per square meter of litter every day, which effectively ensures the living environment of aerobic microorganisms in the strains and facilitates the fermentation of manure. ;

D. The heat and gas generated by fermentation are introduced into the gas collecting tank through the ventilation fan on one side for storage, so as to provide a certain energy reserve for the farm to generate electricity for the farm.

Step four, regular processing and maintenance:

A. Supplement the bacteria once a month, and the supplemented bacteria content is 3% of the initial spread of bacteria;

B. Clean up half of the total amount of litter every 6 months as organic fertilizer for vegetables, fruit trees and other crops, and then add a certain amount of litter to keep the total height of the litter at 95% of the original height.

Example 2

A method for treating animal and plant manure in an ectopic fermentation bed. The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that in Step 1B, the litter is a mixture of wood chips, orange peel scraps and chaff, and wood chips, orange peel The total volume ratio of crushed material and chaff is 6:1:3, and a layer of pine needle humus is sprinkled between the two adjacent materials. The total height of the litter is 1.5m, and each layer of pine needle humus The thickness is 0.15m.

Others are the same as embodiment 1.

Those of ordinary skill in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, rather than as a limitation to the present invention, as long as within the scope of the spirit of the present invention, the above-described embodiments Changes and modifications will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. an ectopic fermentation bed process animal and plant manure method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: Step 1, construction of ectopic fermentation bed: A slope-type ectopic fermentation bed is built with cement near the farm. The middle of the ectopic fermentation bed is a spray pool, and there are at least 2 fermentation pools on both sides of the spray pool; Evenly spread the litter inside the fermentation tank, and evenly spread the bacteria on the surface of the litter, the amount of bacteria spreading is 1kg/2.5m ³ ; Fix the mixer evenly inside the spray tank, set slide rails on the top of both sides of the fermentation tank, slide and install the displacement machine between the slide rails, and then install the automatic spray machine above the displacement machine, and install the suction at one end of the automatic spray machine Pump, install a trough-type turning machine under the transfer machine, the width of the trough-type turning machine is equal to the width of the fermentation tank; Set up a sealed sunshine shed above the ectopic fermentation bed. Ventilation fans are fixed on both sides of the sealed sun shed, and then a gas collection tank is built near the ectopic fermentation bed. The ventilation fan on one side is connected with the ventilation fan through a pipe, and the other The side ventilation fan is connected with the external environment; Step 2, manure collection and treatment: Set up a sewage collection tank under the farm, and set up a water storage tank near the sewage collection tank, and provide drinking water for the farm through the water storage tank; A cutting pump is installed inside the sewage collection tank, and the collected feces and urine are crushed and stirred at a high speed through the cutting pump to maintain the uniformity of the feces and sewage inside the sewage collection tank, and then provide additional water for the sewage collection tank through the water storage tank to maintain the sewage collection tank The water content reaches 50-60%; A pipeline is laid between the sewage collection tank and the heterotopic fermentation bed, and the uniformly mixed dung in the sewage collection tank is pumped into the spray tank in step 1 through a pump; Step 3, ectopic fermentation: Open the ventilation fans on both sides of the sealed sun shed in step 1 to maintain the ventilation inside the sealed sun shed, keep the oxygen content in the shed not lower than 80% of the ambient oxygen content, and evenly spray the fermentation agent in the fermentation tank to dry the litter. Preliminary fermentation, the fermentation time is 5-6 days; Turn on the mixer inside the spray tank in step 1, and use the mixer to continuously stir the dung water inside the spray tank to maintain the uniformity of the dung water, and then use the sewage pump to pump the dung water into the automatic sprinkler and spray it evenly On the litter, the displacement machine is controlled to move on the slide rail, and the litter that has been sprayed with dung is continuously turned by the trough turning machine, and the turning frequency is 3 to 4 times per day; Heat up the temperature inside the sealed sun shed, and ferment the manure through the high-temperature ectopic fermentation bed. During the fermentation process, keep the central temperature of the fermentation tank above 55°C, and keep the water content of the litter in the ectopic fermentation bed fermentation tank during fermentation. 40-45%; The heat and gas generated by fermentation are introduced into the gas collecting tank through the side ventilation fan for storage, so as to provide a certain energy reserve for the farm to generate electricity for the farm. 2. Step four, regular processing and maintenance: Supplement the bacteria 1-2 times a month, and the content of the supplemented bacteria should not exceed 5% of the amount of the bacteria that was spread for the first time; Every 6-8 months, half of the total amount of litter is cleaned up and recycled as organic fertilizer for vegetables, fruit trees and other crops, and a certain amount of litter is added to keep the total height of the litter not lower than 90% of the original litter height. %. 3 . The method for treating animal and plant manure in an ectopic fermentation bed according to claim 1 , wherein 6 to 8 drainage ditches are arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank in step 1A. 4 . 4. A kind of ectopic fermentation bed treatment method for animal and plant manure according to claim 1, characterized in that, the bedding material described in step 1B is leaves, sawdust, straw scraps, orange peel scraps, rice husks And at least two materials in the vermiculite crushed material and kaolinite clay mixture, and a layer of pine needle humus is sprinkled between the adjacent two materials. 5. A method for treating animal and plant manure in an ectopic fermentation bed according to claim 3, characterized in that the total height of the litter is 1.2 to 1.5m, and the thickness of each layer of pine needle humus is no more than 0.2m. 6 . The method for treating animal and plant manure in an ectopic fermentation bed according to claim 1 , wherein the strain described in step 1B is a mixture of high-temperature decomposing bacteria and aerobic microbial bacterial agents. 7. The method for treating animal and plant manure in an ectopic fermentation bed according to claim 1, characterized in that the spraying amount of the automatic sprayer described in step 3B is 1T/50m ^{3 .} 8. a kind of ectopic fermentation bed treatment method for animal and plant manure according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when the oxygen content inside the sealed sunlight shed is insufficient in the fermentation process described in step 3C, keep every square meter of litter Get 10-15m ³ of air supplement every day.