Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double-spectrum three-dimensional attitude angle measuring device and a measuring method, aiming at the problems that a three-dimensional attitude angle measuring system in the prior art is complex, large in size and low in measuring precision and does not meet the measuring requirements in the aerospace field.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a double-spectrum three-dimensional attitude angle measuring device comprises a double-spectrum light source, a two-dimensional autocollimator, an image sensor circuit board, a pentagonal beam splitter prism, a turning prism and a data processing module; the double-spectrum light source emits red and green spectrum light beams, the red and green spectrum light beams are emitted through the same slit of the two-dimensional autocollimator and then enter the pentagonal beam splitter prism, the pentagonal beam splitter prism divides the red and green spectrum light beams into two paths, the first light path light beam passes through the pentagonal beam splitter prism and directly enters the front surface of the cube mirror to be detected, the second light path light beam is converted by the converting prism and enters the side surface of the cube mirror to be detected, the two light beams are reflected in the original path, the image sensor of the two-dimensional autocollimator performs time-sharing imaging on the returned light beams, the image sensor circuit board acquires an imaged image and transmits the imaged image to the data processing module, and the data processing module obtains the three-dimensional posture of the cube mirror to be detected through fusion calculation; the data processing module comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, and the processor realizes the following calculation processes when executing the computer program;
calculating the yaw angle beta, the pitch angle omega and the roll angle alpha of the cube mirror to be measured;
S2y=f×tan2a2
α=arcsin(-sina2/cosω)
wherein S is1zThe difference value of the position of the first light path light beam when the first light path light beam is emitted on the image sensor and the position of the first light path light beam when the first light path light beam returns in the Z direction is obtained; s1yThe difference value of the position of the first light path light beam when the first light path light beam is emitted on the image sensor and the position of the first light path light beam when the first light path light beam returns in the Y direction; s2yThe difference value of the position of the second light path light beam when the second light path light beam is emitted on the image sensor and the position of the second light path light beam when the second light path light beam returns in the Y direction; f is the focal length of the receiving system of the two-dimensional autocollimator.
Furthermore, an additional prism is arranged on the left side face of the pentagonal beam splitter prism, the right side face and the bottom face of the pentagonal beam splitter prism and the left side face of the additional prism are plated with broadband antireflection films, so that the transmittance of red light and green light is better than 99%, and the left side face of the pentagonal beam splitter prism is plated with a semi-reflective and semi-transparent film, so that the transmittance of the red light is better than 95% and the reflectance of the green light is better than 95%.
Furthermore, the wavelength range of the red light of the double-spectrum light source is 620 nm-660 nm, and the wavelength range of the green light is 500 nm-540 nm.
Further, the dual-spectrum light source adopts a bicolor LED lamp.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a measuring method based on the double-spectrum three-dimensional attitude angle measuring device, which comprises the following steps:
step one, a double-spectrum light source emits red-green spectrum light beams;
step two, an image sensor of the two-dimensional autocollimator performs time-sharing imaging on the returned red and green spectrum light beams;
acquiring an imaged image by the image sensor circuit board, and transmitting the imaged image to the data processing module, wherein the data processing module obtains the three-dimensional posture of the measured cube mirror through fusion calculation;
3.1) obtaining the image point displacement S of the first light path light beam on the two-dimensional autocollimator image sensor1z、S1yThe image point displacement S of the second light path light beam on the two-dimensional autocollimator image sensor2y;
Wherein S is1zThe difference value of the position of the first light path light beam when the first light path light beam is emitted on the image sensor and the position of the first light path light beam when the first light path light beam returns in the Z direction is obtained; s1yThe difference value of the position of the first light path light beam when the first light path light beam is emitted on the image sensor and the position of the first light path light beam when the first light path light beam returns in the Y direction; s2yThe difference value of the position of the second light path light beam when the second light path light beam is emitted on the image sensor and the position of the second light path light beam when the second light path light beam returns in the Y direction;
3.2) calculating the yaw angle beta and the pitch angle omega of the cube mirror to be measured;
3.3) calculating the rolling angle alpha of the measured cubic mirror;
S2y=f×tan2a2
α=arc sin(-sina2/cosω)
wherein f is the focal length of the receiving system of the two-dimensional autocollimator.
Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages that:
1. due to the compatibility of double spectrums, the device can complete the three-dimensional attitude measurement of the cube mirror to be measured only by one two-dimensional autocollimator, has simple structure and small volume, saves space layout and is suitable for the requirements of the equipment to be measured in the aerospace field.
2. The invention has the advantages that through double-spectrum synchronous measurement, the synchronous assistance of a plurality of single-spectrum autocollimators is not needed, and further, the relative error caused by the environmental influence among different autocollimators is avoided, so that the measurement precision is higher, the flexible layout can be realized by adjusting the position size of the folding light pipe, and the self low-frequency error resistance is extremely strong.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a double-spectrum three-dimensional attitude angle measuring device and a measuring method, which can be used for independently completing high-precision measurement of the three-dimensional attitude of a measured target. The device realizes three-dimensional attitude measurement based on an autocollimator principle of image processing, the two-dimensional autocollimator receives coordinate positions of double spectrums on a CMOS detector through time-sharing switching, an image sensor circuit board transmits the receiving coordinate values of the CMOS detector to a data processing module, and the data processing module calculates the three-dimensional attitude angle of a cube mirror to be measured according to the obtained information.
As shown in fig. 1, the dual-spectrum three-dimensional attitude angle measuring device of the present invention includes a dual-spectrum light source 2, a two-dimensional autocollimator 1, an image sensor circuit board 3, a pentaprism 4, an additional prism 5, a turning prism 11, and a data processing module 12; the two-dimensional autocollimator 1 and the dual-spectrum light source 2 adopt the working idea of ' single optical axis + single sensor + single slit + dual light source ', the dual-spectrum light source 2 emits red and green spectrum light beams through the same slit, the light beams are output through the autocollimator, the dual-spectrum light beams are divided into two paths by the pentaprism, the first light path light beam directly passes through the pentaprism beam splitter prism 4 and is incident to the front surface 7 of the cube to be measured, the second light path light beam is refracted and incident to the side surface 8 of the cube to be measured through the turning prism 11, the two light beams are reflected by the original path, the autocollimator switches the reflected light path in a time-sharing way ', the image sensor circuit board collects images and transmits the images to the data processing module, and the data processing module obtains the three-dimensional postures (yaw angle, pitch angle and roll angle. The measuring device has the advantages of high precision, simple device, flexible layout of the position and the size of the turning prism, suitability for engineering application and strong self low-frequency error resistance.
The specific arrangement of the components is described in detail below. The parameters of the double-spectrum three-dimensional attitude angle measuring device comprise caliber, wavelength range, focal length, yaw angle, pitch angle, roll angle, view field, measuring range and measuring resolution.
The dual-spectrum light source 2 is used for providing a red-green spectrum light source (used for emitting red-green spectrum collimated light beams); the wavelength range of the light source is 620 nm-660 nm of red light (the central wavelength is 640nm) and 500 nm-540 nm of green light (the central wavelength is 520 nm). When the front surface R1 of the cube mirror to be measured is subjected to collimation measurement, an LED with the wavelength of 640nm is selected, and the spectral range is 620 nm-660 nm; when the lateral surface R2 of the cube mirror to be measured is self-aligned, the light source of the self-collimating system selects an LED with the wavelength of 520nm, and the spectral range is 500 nm-540 nm.
The two-dimensional autocollimator 1 transmits two paths of red and green light beams and performs switching collimation measurement on red and green double spectrums, and when the double-spectrum autocollimator needs to switch the red and green spectrums in a time-sharing manner to perform collimation measurement, the switching frequency is 50HZ, so that the angle measurement stability of the two paths of light beams is ensured.
The image sensor circuit board 3 finishes two paths of light beam collimation image acquisition, transmits the acquired images to the data processing module 12, and the data processing module 12 obtains the three-dimensional posture of the measured cubic mirror 9 through calculation.
The additional prism 5 and the pentagonal beam-splitting prism 4 are bonded into a whole by glue, the coating film of the bonding surface is used for splitting, the pentagonal beam-splitting prism 4 is positioned between the two-dimensional autocollimator and the cube mirror to be measured and at the position of the light outlet of the two-dimensional autocollimator, the relative position between the position of the pentagonal beam-splitting prism and the two-dimensional autocollimator is fixed, red light (640nm) measurement signal light is transmitted, and green light (520nm) measurement signal light is subjected to 90-degree turning. That is to say, the pentagonal beam splitter prism 4 splits the red and green spectrum light beam transmitted by the two-dimensional autocollimator into a first light path 6 and a second light path 10, the first light path 6 directly passes through the pentagonal beam splitter prism and enters the front surface 7 of the cube to be measured, the second light path 10 is turned to the vertical surface (i.e. the side surface 8 of the cube to be measured) of the cube to be measured 9 through the turning prism 11, and the pentagonal beam splitter prism 4 mainly performs 90 ° vertical turning on the second light path light beam.
The five-edge beam splitter prism 4 comprises seven outer surfaces, wherein the right side surface, the bottom surface and the right side surface of the additional prism 5 are plated with a broadband antireflection film, the right upper side surface is plated with a total reflection film, and the left side surface is plated with a semi-reflection and semi-transmission film (color separation film). As shown in fig. 2, the pentaprism 4 is coated with a dichroic film on the inclined plane b, which can transmit red light (transmittance is better than 95%) and reflect green light (reflectance is better than 95%), and is coated with broadband antireflection films on the light-transmitting surfaces a, c, and d, respectively, so that the transmittances of red light (640nm) and green light (520nm) are better than 99%.
The turning prism 11 is arranged at the light outlet of the second light path 10 of the pentagonal beam splitter prism 4 and transmits the light beam of the second light path 10 of the pentagonal beam splitter prism 4 to the vertical surface of the cube 9 to be measured (the side surface 8 of the cube to be measured); the turning prism 11 is a non-attitude-sensitive optical device, the vector change of emergent light cannot be caused after the attitude change of the prism, and 180-degree translation transformation can be performed on the second light path 10 by utilizing the characteristic.
The cube mirror 9 to be measured is arranged at the position where the light outlet of the first light path 6 of the pentagonal beam splitter prism and the light outlet of the second light path 10 of the turning prism are vertically crossed, and the change of the three-dimensional posture of the cube mirror to be measured causes the change of the reflection light path.
The device has the synchronous measurement function of yaw, pitch and roll three-dimensional attitude angles; yaw and pitch angle measurement accuracy: 2 arc second or less; roll angle measurement accuracy: 6 arc second or less; measurement range: 15'; measurement resolution: less than or equal to 0.5 arc second.
As shown in FIG. 1, an O-XYZ coordinate system is established, and the coordinate transformation relation of the following vectors exists in the O-XYZ coordinate system, so that the measured cube mirror has a rolling angle alpha (around an X axis), a yaw angle beta (around a Y axis) and a pitch angle omega (around a Z axis). The three-dimensional attitude of the measured cube mirror 9 changes, the front surface 7 and the side surface 8 of the measured cube mirror rotate angularly, and the action matrix of the front surface 7 of the measured cube mirror is as follows:
the action matrix of the side surface 8 of the cube under test is:
action matrix R of right-angle roof prism in light path from cube mirror to be measured to two-dimensional autocollimatorZ
Action matrix R of pentagonal beam-splitting prism in light path from cube mirror to be measured to two-dimensional autocollimatorW
In the O-XYZ coordinate system, the coordinate transformation relation of the following vectors is as follows:
coordinate transformation matrix of rotation angle α around OX axis: (Rolling change)
Coordinate transformation matrix of rotation angle β around OY axis: (yaw transformation)
Coordinate transformation matrix of rotation angle ω around OZ axis: (Pitch Change)
Measured cubeMirror reflection surface R
1Is an initial vector of
Measured cube reflecting surface R
2Is an initial vector of
Then when the measured cubic mirror has a rolling angle alpha (around the X axis), a yaw angle beta (around the Y axis) and a pitch angle omega (around the Z axis), the vector I is assumed to be formed when the measured cubic mirror rotates alpha → omega → beta in turn around the OX axis, the OZ axis and the OY axis
1、I
2Is changed into I
1′、I
2' (in the measurement coordinate system, OXYZ);
I2the I is obtained after the reflection of a right-angle roof prism and a pentagonal beam splitter prism2"coordinate rotation:
thus, according to the vector I1Calculating the yaw angle beta and the pitch angle omega of the cube mirror to be measured according to the change situation of the coordinate values; vector I1' Angle included by the plane XOZ, i.e. the pitch angle of the vector is a1Vector I1' yaw angle in coordinate System OXYZ is b1Then there is
Displacement S of image point 1 of return beam imaging of two-dimensional autocollimator on CMOS image sensor of autocollimator1z、S1yIt can be measured that, assuming the focal length of the receiving system of the autocollimator as f, the relationship between the displacement and the yaw angle β and the pitch angle ω, which can be obtained by the autocollimator measurement principle, is as follows:
and calculating the yaw angle beta and the pitch angle omega of the measured cubic mirror 9 according to the formula.
According to the vector I2"the coordinates of which can be calculated2"variation of angle a with plane XOZ2The following formula:
sina2=-sinαcosω
displacement S of an image point 2 of a return beam of a two-dimensional autocollimator 1 imaged on a CMOS image sensor of the autocollimator2z、S2yIt can be measured that, assuming the focal length of the receiving system of the autocollimator as f, the relationship between the displacement and the roll angle α obtained from the autocollimator measurement principle is as follows:
S2y=f×tan2a2
the roll angle α calculation formula can be derived from the above equation:
α=arc sin(-sina2/cosω)
according to the principle, the double-spectrum three-dimensional attitude angle measuring method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, a double-spectrum light source 2 emits a red-green spectrum collimated light beam;
secondly, the image sensor of the two-dimensional autocollimator 1 performs time-sharing imaging on the returned light beam;
thirdly, the image sensor circuit board 3 collects the imaged image and transmits the image to the data processing module 12, and the data processing module 12 obtains the three-dimensional attitude of the cube mirror to be measured through fusion calculation;
3.1) obtaining the image point displacement S of the first light path light beam on the autocollimator image sensor1z、S1yThe image point displacement S of the second light path beam on the autocollimator image sensor2y;
Wherein S is1zThe difference value of the position of the first light path light beam when the first light path light beam is emitted on the image sensor and the position of the first light path light beam when the first light path light beam returns in the Z direction is obtained; s1yThe difference value of the position of the first light path light beam when the first light path light beam is emitted on the image sensor and the position of the first light path light beam when the first light path light beam returns in the Y direction; s2yThe difference value of the position of the second light path light beam when the second light path light beam is emitted on the image sensor and the position of the second light path light beam when the second light path light beam returns in the Y direction;
3.2) calculating the yaw angle beta and the pitch angle omega of the measured cube mirror 9;
3.3) calculating the rolling angle alpha of the measured cubic mirror 9;
S2y=f×tan2a2
α=arc sin(-sina2/cosω)
wherein f is the focal length of the receiving system of the two-dimensional autocollimator.