CN110916012A - Process for preparing poultry feed by treating amino acid mother liquor with microorganisms - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and discloses a method for preparing poultry feed by treating amino acid mother liquor with microorganisms, which comprises the following steps: step 1), treating amino acid mother liquor by microorganisms to prepare a feed additive; and step 2) adding the feed additive into the basic ration feed to prepare the poultry feed. The invention adds the feed additive containing the beer yeast and the chlorella pyrenoidosa into the basic feed, and is suitable for feeding poultry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a process for preparing poultry feed by treating amino acid mother liquor with microorganisms.
Background
Threonine, lysine, methionine and tryptophan are listed as four major feed additives together, and are mainly used for immature piglets, poultry and the like. Threonine is an important constituent in livestock and poultry feed, and is often added to the feed of immature piglets and poultry, and is the second limiting amino acid of pig feed and the third limiting amino acid of poultry feed. Threonine is added into the livestock and poultry feed, so that the biological value of feed protein can be improved, various amino acids are balanced, protein deposition is promoted, the excretion of animal ammonia is reduced, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the feeding condition is improved.
Threonine fermentation liquor is subjected to isoelectric point crystallization to obtain a threonine product, and a crystallized feed liquid is a threonine mother liquor, and the following three methods are usually adopted by threonine production companies for processing the mother liquor, wherein the first method is that the threonine fermentation liquor is directly discharged through a purification process; secondly, preparing the feed; thirdly, preparing the fertilizer. The applicant's prior patent technology has conducted much research on threonine mother liquor, wherein "CN 109694828A, comprehensive treatment process of threonine mother liquor", discloses a comprehensive treatment process of threonine mother liquor, which comprises the following steps: step 1) preparing zymocyte liquid of candida utilis saccharomycetes and lactobacillus casei, step 2) preparing anabaena flos-aquae liquid, and step 3) treating mother liquor. The process of the invention does not need to add extra culture medium components, has simple process and low cost, and is suitable for processing large-scale mother liquor. However, the process requires biofilm formation of microorganisms, which is not conducive to the preparation of feed-related products. "CN 107267427A, a method for recycling threonine mother liquor", discloses a method for recycling threonine mother liquor, which comprises the following steps: step 1) centrifugation, step 2) strain domestication, step 3) algae domestication, step 4) fermentation medium preparation, and step 5) fermentation treatment. The method can effectively treat the fermentation mother liquor and simultaneously prepare the microbial protein. The method adds additional components such as straw, wheat bran and the like, and requires domestication of strains, which is tedious and increases the cost. "CN 104844468A, an environmental protection process for processing threonine fermentation mother liquor", discloses an environmental protection process for processing threonine fermentation mother liquor, which comprises the following steps: step 1) preparing threonine crystals and mother liquor, step 2) preparing granular protein, step 3) preparing chicken feed, and step 4) preparing fertilizer; the process simultaneously prepares the granular protein, the feed and the fertilizer, fully utilizes the components of the fermentation mother liquor, but the prepared feed has relatively low nutritive value and relatively low price.
The biological feed is a biological fermentation feed which takes microorganisms and complex enzyme as biological feed starter strains and converts feed raw materials into microbial mycoprotein, bioactive small peptide amino acid, microbial active probiotics and complex enzyme preparation. The biological feed, namely microbial feed, is safe, pollution-free and residue-free high-quality feed containing active probiotics prepared by adopting known beneficial microorganisms mixed with the feed under the guidance of a microecological theory and performing special processes of fermentation, drying and the like, and the microorganisms can generate beneficial substances such as digestive enzymes, organic acids, bacteriostats, B vitamins, amino acids and the like, which is equivalent to the extension of digestive organs and the increase of digestive time. From the perspective of comprehensive utilization of industrial waste resources, the biological feed utilizes high-efficiency decomposition type compound microorganism strains, and adopts corresponding technology to inoculate crop straws, vegetable seedling vines, agricultural and sideline products, leaves and certain specific industrial waste resources) and the like, and the biological feed with high-efficiency conversion of raw materials and live bacteria carried by carriers can be produced through a certain fermentation process.
The biological protein feed obtained by processing the threonine mother liquor contains various nutritional ingredients such as amino acid, protein, vitamins, mycoprotein and the like, has high biological value as the feed, is used for evaluating a preparation for microbial synthetic feed according to biological standards, has high research and utilization values when being used for producing the mycoprotein feed, fundamentally solves the problem of air pollution caused by producing compound fertilizer by spraying and pelleting the mother liquor, also thoroughly ensures that the threonine production process really reports to polluted caps, and goes on the sunlight process route of clean production. Protein nutrition is amino acid nutrition and small peptide nutrition, animal amino acid is supplied in the form of peptide which can be absorbed by small intestine, and the content of amino acid and small peptide in the feed is directly related to the quality of the feed. Microbial fermentation is the main way to enhance the protein peptide of feed
The method has potential significance for improving the utilization rate of the feed protein.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to further optimize the prior art, a proper microorganism needs to be selected, the microorganism can grow in high-concentration mother liquor, non-protein nitrogen is effectively utilized, the microorganism is safe enough and is suitable for being applied to related products of feed, and based on the technical demands, the invention provides a process for preparing poultry feed by treating amino acid mother liquor with the microorganism.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The process for preparing the poultry feed by treating the amino acid mother liquor by using the microorganisms comprises the following steps:
step 1), treating amino acid mother liquor by microorganisms to prepare a feed additive; and step 2) adding the feed additive into the basic ration feed to prepare the poultry feed.
Further, the amino acid mother liquor is threonine mother liquor.
Further, the feed additive is added into basic daily ration feed according to the mass ratio of 2%.
Further, the basic ration feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 64.9 percent of corn, 6 percent of bran, 26.5 percent of soybean meal, 1.5 percent of calcium bicarbonate, 1.0 percent of stone powder and 0.1 percent of choline chloride.
Further, the step 1) of preparing the feed additive by treating the amino acid mother liquor with the microorganisms specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1) mother liquor concentration: firstly, concentrating the threonine mother liquor by 2-3 times to obtain concentrated mother liquor;
step 2) preparing a beer yeast culture solution: inoculating beer yeast to a seed culture medium, culturing to obtain a seed solution, then inoculating the seed solution to an amplification culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, and culturing at a constant temperature of 34 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain a beer yeast culture solution;
the preparation method of the seed culture medium comprises the following steps: taking 10g of yeast extract powder, 20g of peptone, 20g of glucose and 20g of agar, adding water, diluting to 1000ml, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20min, and naturally cooling to obtain the yeast extract powder;
the preparation method of the expanding culture medium comprises the following steps: taking the concentrated mother liquor, adding 0.1% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% ammonium sulfate, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.02% calcium chloride into the concentrated mother liquor, adjusting pH to 5.0, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20min, and naturally cooling to obtain the final product;
step 3) preparing a chlorella pyrenoidosa seed solution: inoculating the chlorella pyrenoidosa cultured to logarithmic phase into a seed culture medium, culturing for 48h, and collecting chlorella pyrenoidosa seed liquid; the seed culture medium is prepared by uniformly mixing BG11 culture medium and concentrated mother liquor according to the volume ratio of 3-4: 1;
step 4) preparation of mixed cultures: adding beer yeast culture solution into the concentrated mother liquor according to the volume ratio of 1:10, stirring and culturing at 100rpm for 24h, wherein the culture temperature is 25-35 ℃, then inoculating chlorella pyrenoidosa seed solution, and continuously culturing for 72-120h to obtain a mixed culture;
step 5) preparing a feed additive: and (3) drying the mixed culture in a ventilation drying device at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, and then crushing the dried mixed culture by a crusher to prepare the feed additive.
Further, in the step 3), the culture parameters are as follows: culturing at 20-25 deg.C with illumination intensity of 3000lux and light-dark ratio of 14:10, and aeration rate of 0.2 vvm.
Further, the threonine mother liquor is a residual liquid after extracting threonine from the fermentation broth.
Further, the poultry is chicken, duck and goose.
Preferably, the poultry are chickens.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the following aspects are mainly included but not limited:
yeasts can reproduce both aerobically and anaerobically, compete in the intestinal tract for limited oxygen with equally aerobic E.coli, and provide conditions for the proliferation of anaerobic lactobacilli.
According to the invention, tests show that the yeast can tolerate threonine mother liquor with high concentration, and researches on various yeasts show that the beer yeast is most suitable for being compatible with chlorella pyrenoidosa, can symbiotically grow and mutually promote growth.
The chlorella pyrenoidosa is not tolerant to the high-concentration mother liquor, the tolerance is greatly improved after domestication, the concentration of each substance in the mother liquor is reduced after beer yeast treatment, and at the moment, the chlorella pyrenoidosa is inoculated, so that substances such as salt, organic chlorine, pigment and the like which are difficult to utilize by the beer yeast in the mother liquor can be utilized, and the potential safety hazard caused by bringing the chlorella pyrenoidosa into a feed is avoided.
The method does not need to add other substances or desalt the mother liquor, adopts a mode of sequentially treating the saccharomycetes and the chlorella pyrenoidosa, can thoroughly treat the mother liquor, and contains higher amino acid and peptide substances.
The invention adopts different treatment modes for algae and saccharomycetes so as to adapt to the requirements of feed products; the yeast liquid is dried at low temperature, so that the problem of air pollution is avoided, the activity of probiotics can be kept, the biological activity is reflected, and the feed safety is guaranteed.
The feed additive prepared by the invention contains beer yeast and the globuline chlorella powder, and can be used as a feed additive to supplement each other and improve the performance of the feed.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the influence of the compatibility of different yeast types and the chlorella pyrenoidosa on the microbial yield;
FIG. 2: influence of compatibility of different yeast types and chlorella pyrenoidosa on free amino acid content;
FIG. 3: the influence of the compatibility of different yeast types and chlorella pyrenoidosa on the number of live yeasts.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the present invention will be described more clearly and completely below with reference to specific embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for producing a feed additive by using threonine mother liquor comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, concentrating the threonine mother liquor by 3 times to obtain concentrated mother liquor;
2) inoculating cerevisiae Fermentum to seed culture medium, and culturing to concentration of 1 × 108Inoculating the cfu/ml seed solution into an amplification culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10%, and culturing at the constant temperature of 34 ℃ for 24h to obtain a beer yeast culture solution;
the preparation method of the seed culture medium comprises the following steps: taking 10g of yeast extract powder, 20g of peptone, 20g of glucose and 20g of agar, adding water, diluting to 1000ml, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20min, and naturally cooling to obtain the yeast extract.
The preparation method of the expanding culture medium comprises the following steps: taking the concentrated mother liquor, adding 0.1% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% ammonium sulfate, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.02% calcium chloride into the concentrated mother liquor, adjusting pH to 5.0, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20min, and naturally cooling to obtain the final product;
3) inoculating Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultured to logarithmic growth phase into seed culture medium, wherein the initial inoculation density is 2 × 105Culturing at 25 deg.C with illumination intensity of 3000lux for 48h and light-dark ratio of 14:10 and ventilation rate of 0.2vvm, and collecting Chlorella pyrenoidosa seed solution; the seed culture medium is prepared by uniformly mixing BG11 culture medium and concentrated mother liquor according to the volume ratio of 4: 1;
4) adding beer yeast culture solution into concentrated mother liquor at volume ratio of 1:10, stirring at 100rpm, culturing at 27 deg.C for 24 hr, inoculating Chlorella pyrenoidosa seed solution with inoculation density of 2 × 104Continuously culturing for 96h per ml to obtain a culture;
5) and (3) drying the culture in a 35 ℃ ventilation drying device, and then crushing the culture by a crusher to prepare the feed additive.
Example 2
A method for producing a feed additive by using threonine mother liquor comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, concentrating threonine mother liquor by 2 times to obtain concentrated mother liquor;
2) inoculating cerevisiae Fermentum to seed culture medium, and culturing to concentration of 1 × 108Inoculating the cfu/ml seed solution into an amplification culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 10%, and culturing at the constant temperature of 34 ℃ for 24h to obtain a beer yeast culture solution;
the preparation method of the seed culture medium comprises the following steps: taking 10g of yeast extract powder, 20g of peptone, 20g of glucose and 20g of agar, adding water, diluting to 1000ml, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20min, and naturally cooling to obtain the yeast extract.
The preparation method of the expanding culture medium comprises the following steps: taking the concentrated mother liquor, adding 0.1% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% ammonium sulfate, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.02% calcium chloride into the concentrated mother liquor, adjusting pH to 5.0, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20min, and naturally cooling to obtain the final product;
3) inoculating Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultured to logarithmic growth phase into seed culture medium, wherein the initial inoculation density is 1 × 105Culturing at 22 deg.C under illumination intensity of 3000lux for 48 hr with light-dark ratio of 14:10 and aeration rate of 0.2vvm, and collecting Chlorella pyrenoidosa seed solution; the seed culture medium is prepared by uniformly mixing BG11 culture medium and concentrated mother liquor according to the volume ratio of 3: 1;
4) adding beer yeast culture solution into concentrated mother liquor at volume ratio of 1:10, stirring at 100rpm, culturing at 29 deg.C for 24 hr, inoculating Chlorella pyrenoidosa seed solution with inoculation density of 3 × 104Continuously culturing for 120h per ml to obtain a culture solution;
5) and (3) drying the culture in a ventilation drying device at 30 ℃, and then crushing the culture by a crusher to prepare the feed additive.
Example 3
The threonine mother liquor adopted by the invention is residual liquid after extracting threonine from fermentation liquor, and the indexes of each component are shown in table 1 by taking a batch of mother liquor as an example:
TABLE 1
| Index (I) | Before treatment |
| COD（mg/L） | 3786.5 |
| Ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) | 473.9 |
| SS（mg/L） | 114.8 |
| P（mg/L） | 101.4 |
| Crude protein (g/L) | 29.6 |
| Amino acid (g/L) | 13.1 |
| Solid (g/L) | 116.4 |
Example 4
Various yeasts are adopted to be compatible with the chlorella pyrenoidosa, and the technical indexes such as the content of microorganisms in the culture solution, the number of live yeasts in the feed additive, the content of amino acid and the like are detected. The yeast selects strains suitable for feed addition, including beer yeast (ATCC 9763), candida utilis (ATCC 22023) and Angel yeast, the total content (wet weight) of microorganisms in a culture solution is shown in figure 1, as shown in figure 1, the total content of microorganisms in a beer yeast group is highest and can reach 139.5g/L, the content of microorganisms in the candida utilis group and the Angel yeast group is 93.2g/L and 107.4g/L respectively, and the content of microorganisms in the beer yeast group is improved by 49.7 percent and 29.9 percent respectively compared with the content of microorganisms in the candida utilis group and the Angel yeast group; the possible reasons are mainly two aspects, firstly, the candida utilis group and the Angel yeast have relatively poor tolerance to high-concentration mother liquor and slow growth speed; second, the symbiotic relationship between Candida utilis and Angel yeast to Chlorella pyrenoidosa is inferior to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
As shown in figure 2, the content of free amino acid in the feed additive is detected, the content of free amino acid in the beer yeast group is 5.71%, and the content of free amino acid in the candida utilis group and the content of free amino acid in the Angel yeast group are respectively 4.89% and 5.23%, so that the content of free amino acid in the beer yeast group is higher, and is respectively higher by 0.82 percentage point and 0.48 percentage point.
As shown in figure 3 of the drawings,in the feed additive, the content of live yeast in the beer yeast group is 7.61 × 109The number per gram of the yeast is 3.84 multiplied by 109Each/g and 4.70X 109Per gram.
In conclusion, the main indexes of the beer yeast group such as the microorganism content, the free amino acid content, the number of the live yeasts and the like are obviously superior to those of the candida utilis group and the Angel yeast group, so that the beer yeast and the chlorella pyrenoidosa are selected for compatibility, not only can high-concentration mother liquor be treated, but also an excellent feed additive can be prepared, no pollutant is discharged in the whole process, and zero pollution and zero emission are strictly achieved.
Example 5
The feed additive is used for feeding animals.
Animal selection: selecting 200 broilers from AA broilers (Aijia broilers), and feeding for 1-40 days;
the feed is randomly divided into four groups of 50 feed, and the feed environment and the feed mode are completely the same and are comparable.
Feed materials were divided into four groups:
group 1: basal diet feed +2% additive (Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Chlorella pyrenoidosa group);
group 2: basal diet feed +2% additive (candida utilis-chlorella pyrenoidosa group);
group 3: basal diet feed +2% additive (Angel yeast-Chlorella pyrenoidosa group);
group 4: basal diet feed.
The basic daily ration feed comprises: 64.9 percent of corn, 6 percent of bran, 26.5 percent of soybean meal, 1.5 percent of calcium bicarbonate, 1.0 percent of stone powder and 0.1 percent of choline chloride.
The body weight and mortality of AA chickens in each group are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Correlation index | Body weight g | The mortality rate is |
| Group | ||
| 1 | 1893.4±185.1＊ | 0 |
| |
1802.1±234.7＊ | 4 |
| |
1683.6±192.5 | 6 |
| |
1635.5±198.2 | 12 |
In comparison with the group 4,＊represents < 0.05, indicating a significant difference.
And (4) conclusion: as shown in table 2, group 1 and group 2 had significant differences in body weight indices, and group 3 did not have significant differences, as compared to group 4; compared with the mortality, the mortality of the group 1 feeding group was 0, which is significantly higher than that of the other groups.
In addition, the additive disclosed by the invention contains abundant amino acids, vitamins and other nutrient substances, and related substances do not need to be added into the basic daily ration feed, so that the cost is saved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The process for preparing the poultry feed by treating the amino acid mother liquor by using the microorganisms comprises the following steps:
step 1), treating amino acid mother liquor by microorganisms to prepare a feed additive; and step 2) adding the feed additive into the basic ration feed to prepare the poultry feed.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the amino acid mother liquor is a threonine mother liquor.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the feed additive is added to the basal ration feed at a mass ratio of 2%.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the basic ration feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 64.9 percent of corn, 6 percent of bran, 26.5 percent of soybean meal, 1.5 percent of calcium bicarbonate, 1.0 percent of stone powder and 0.1 percent of choline chloride.
5. The process as claimed in claim 1-2, wherein the step 1) of microbial treatment of amino acid mother liquor to prepare feed additive specifically comprises the following steps:
concentrating the mother liquor in the step (1): firstly, concentrating the threonine mother liquor by 2-3 times to obtain concentrated mother liquor;
preparing a beer yeast culture solution in the step (2): inoculating beer yeast to a seed culture medium, culturing to obtain a seed solution, then inoculating the seed solution to an amplification culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, and culturing at a constant temperature of 34 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain a beer yeast culture solution;
the preparation method of the seed culture medium comprises the following steps: taking 10g of yeast extract powder, 20g of peptone, 20g of glucose and 20g of agar, adding water, diluting to 1000ml, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20min, and naturally cooling to obtain the yeast extract powder;
the preparation method of the expanding culture medium comprises the following steps: taking the concentrated mother liquor, adding 0.1% magnesium sulfate, 0.5% ammonium sulfate, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.02% calcium chloride into the concentrated mother liquor, adjusting pH to 5.0, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 20min, and naturally cooling to obtain the final product;
step (3) preparing a chlorella pyrenoidosa seed solution: inoculating the chlorella pyrenoidosa cultured to logarithmic phase into a seed culture medium, culturing for 48h, and collecting chlorella pyrenoidosa seed liquid; the seed culture medium is prepared by uniformly mixing BG11 culture medium and concentrated mother liquor according to the volume ratio of 3-4: 1;
step (4) preparation of mixed culture: adding beer yeast culture solution into the concentrated mother liquor according to the volume ratio of 1:10, stirring and culturing at 100rpm for 24h, wherein the culture temperature is 25-35 ℃, then inoculating chlorella pyrenoidosa seed solution, and continuously culturing for 72-120h to obtain a mixed culture;
step (5) preparing a feed additive: and (3) drying the mixed culture in a ventilation drying device, and then crushing the dried mixed culture by a crusher to prepare the feed additive.
6. The process according to claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the culture parameters are: culturing at 20-25 deg.C with illumination intensity of 3000lux and light-dark ratio of 14:10, and aeration rate of 0.2 vvm.
7. The process of claim 5, wherein the threonine mother liquor is a raffinate after extraction of threonine from a fermentation broth.
8. The process according to claim 5, wherein the poultry are chickens, ducks and geese.
9. The process of claim 8, wherein the poultry is a chicken.
10. Poultry feed prepared according to the process of claims 1-9.
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