CN107801837B - Biological fermentation process for forage-based utilization of chicken manure - Google Patents
Biological fermentation process for forage-based utilization of chicken manure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological fermentation process for utilizing chicken manure in a feed manner, which integrates the modern mixed bacteria microbial fermentation technology to develop and develop a chicken manure protein feed with high protein, high amino acid content, low cellulose content and high feed conversion rate. The method adopts a two-step fermentation process of mixed bacteria aerobic fermentation and mixed bacteria anaerobic fermentation, wherein aerobic fermentation flora comprises mould, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria; the anaerobic fermentation flora comprises one or more of Streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus urinarius and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The process adopts multi-strain mixed fermentation, completes the complex metabolic action which is difficult to complete by a single strain through the combination of different metabolic capacities, effectively converts the chicken manure through the synergistic fermentation among microorganisms, the sanitary index reaches the national standard requirement, and the nutritional value index of the product is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biological fermentation process for utilizing chicken manure in a feed mode, in particular to a biological fermentation process for preparing a fermented chicken manure feed with high protein content and high feed conversion rate by utilizing synergistic fermentation of multiple probiotics, and belongs to the field of bioengineering.
Background
With the development of modern animal husbandry, the scale and intensification degree of poultry farms are continuously improved, and the excrement produced by large-scale poultry farms seriously pollutes the environment. The research result of the national institute of environmental protection 2002 on the pollution condition of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding shows that: the livestock and poultry manure volume in China is about 19 hundred million t, wherein the discharge amount of COD (chemical oxygen demand) reaches 7118 million t, the livestock and poultry manure yield and the discharge amount of COD both far exceed the sum of the discharge amounts of industrial wastewater and domestic water, and the total livestock and poultry manure volume in 2004 is 28 hundred million t; in 2010, 45 hundred million t. This has become increasingly polluting to humans, other organisms and the poultry's own living environment. From the environmental point of view, it causes serious pollution to the atmosphere, water areas and soil, thus deteriorating the ecological environment of the earth. From a resource perspective, it is a good renewable resource. If the feed can be converted into feed to realize the self-recycling of animal husbandry resources, the feed not only can solve the two problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution faced by human beings at present, but also has very important significance for relieving the contradiction of food competition between people and livestock and realizing the animal husbandry recycling economy with sustainable development.
The chicken manure dry matter has the advantages of short digestive tract, short feed retention time, high content of crude protein in manure, rich amino acids, calcium, phosphorus, vitamins and the like, and research results show that the chicken manure dry matter contains 28.0% of crude protein, 11.3% of pure protein, 14.4% of digestible protein, about 2% of crude fat, about 10% of crude fiber, 6% -8% of calcium, 2.5% -3.0% of phosphorus, mineral elements such as zinc, copper, iron and the like, and rich B vitamins. Therefore, the method for converting the chicken manure into the available feed through processing is an ideal pollution-free treatment mode.
At present, the technology of the poultry manure in the aspects of fertilizer utilization and resource utilization is gradually mature, but the poultry manure has more defects in the aspect of feed treatment. In the aspect of preparing the feed, methods with highest treatment efficiency mainly comprise a chemical method, a physical treatment method, a hot spraying chicken manure regeneration feed method and the like, and the methods are high in cost, can damage nutrient substances in the materials and reduce economic efficiency overflow. Beneficial microorganisms have the advantages of fast propagation and vigorous metabolism, the fermented feed can detoxify and detoxify, and can accumulate useful intermediate metabolites to improve the palatability, and a large amount of agricultural and sideline products and wastes can be converted into the feed by utilizing the microbial fermentation, so that in the aspect of preparing the feed by a biological method, many people are also researching, and the microorganisms such as EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria and the like are added into the feed, and conditioners such as corn flour, bran and the like are also added into the feed for silage fermentation, so that the fermentation time can be obviously shortened, and the quality of the feed can be improved, for example, patent CN201510642108.5 discloses a pig feed containing chicken manure; patent CN201510703677.6 discloses a chicken manure feed and a preparation method thereof; patent CN200710115062.7 discloses a microbial feed using animal manure (containing chicken manure) as raw material and a preparation method thereof; patent CN201611037162.8 discloses a feed for enhancing pig immunity and a preparation method thereof; patent CN201410514712.5 discloses a method for producing pig compound feed by utilizing poultry manure as a resource. Although the process for preparing the chicken manure feed by the biological fermentation method is mature day by day, the prior process still has the defects of complex production process, high production cost, low utilization level of feed, still needing to further improve palatability and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art and meet the requirements of harmless treatment of chicken manure and market on high-protein and high-feed-conversion-rate chicken manure feed, the invention provides a biological fermentation process for making feed by using chicken manure, integrates the modern mixed bacteria microbial fermentation technology, develops and develops the chicken manure protein feed with high protein and amino acid content, low cellulose content and high feed conversion rate, and the fermentation process is simple and efficient, has good deodorization and sterilization effects and low production cost and is easy for industrial mass production.
The invention realizes the technical effects through the following technical scheme:
a biological fermentation process for making fodder by using chicken manure comprises two-step fermentation of mixed bacteria aerobic fermentation and mixed bacteria anaerobic fermentation, wherein the aerobic fermentation flora comprises mould, yeast, Bacillus subtilis, and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria; the anaerobic fermentation flora comprises one or more of Streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus urinarius and Lactobacillus acidophilus.
The dosage ratio of the mould, the microzyme, the bacillus subtilis and the thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the aerobic fermentation flora is 1.2:1.8:0.6: 1.
The above mould is one or mixture of Aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum;
the yeast can be one or more of Candida utilis, cerevisiae fermentum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and molasses yeast;
preferably, the best strain of the yeast is a mixed strain of candida utilis and molasses yeast, and the dosage ratio of the mixed strain to the molasses yeast is 1: 0.75.
Preferably, the optimal flora of the anaerobic fermentation flora is a mixed flora with the inoculation ratio of streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus urinarius and lactobacillus acidophilus being 1:1: 3.
The preparation method of the seed liquid of the aspergillus niger or the thermophilic sporotrichum comprises the following steps: culturing for 24h at 35-40 deg.C in potato culture medium under aseptic condition to obtain Aspergillus niger or thermophilic laterospore mould seed liquid with effective viable count not less than 109cfu/mL。
The preparation method of the yeast seed liquid comprises the following steps: under the aseptic operation condition, two rings of strains are picked from the inclined plane of the yeast YDP by using an inoculating ring, inoculated into a 500mL triangular flask containing 300mLPDA liquid culture medium, subjected to shaking culture at the temperature of between 28 and 32 ℃ and at the speed of 140r/min for 24 hours, and then inoculated into a seed tank according to the process for expanded culture to prepare yeast seed liquid, wherein the seed liquid is requiredThe effective viable count is more than or equal to 109cfu/mL。
The preparation method of the bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria seed liquid comprises the following steps: under the aseptic condition, LB culture medium is adopted to culture for 24 hours at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ to prepare liquid bacillus seed liquid, and the effective viable count of the seed liquid is required to be more than or equal to 109cfu/mL。
The preparation method of the seed liquid of the streptococcus thermophilus, the enterococcus urinarius and the lactobacillus acidophilus comprises the following steps: cutting off the slant or glycerol tube storage strain to a corresponding seed culture medium, inoculating clostridium butyricum to an LB culture medium, inoculating lactobacillus strain to an MRS culture medium, and performing static culture at 37 ℃ for 20-30 h to obtain a primary seed solution; then inoculating the first-stage seed liquid into a 10L glass bottle seed fermentation tank, fermenting for 20-30 h at 37 ℃ to obtain a second-stage seed liquid, wherein the effective viable count of the seed liquid is required to be more than or equal to 109cfu/mL。
The invention also provides a biological fermentation process for forage utilization of chicken manure, which comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) preparing materials: uniformly mixing 80 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of bran, 0.1 part of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of urea, 0.05 part of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03 part of magnesium sulfate, adjusting the water content of the materials to be 40-50%, and preferably enabling the materials to be tightly held by hands to just drip water according to a dry-wet standard;
(2) aerobic fermentation: inoculating activated mould, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria seed liquid into a culture medium according to the proportion of 1.2:1.8:0.6:1, wherein the total inoculation amount is 3-5 wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, composting, fermenting, and ventilating and culturing for 24-30 h;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: stopping ventilation after aerobic fermentation, inoculating an anaerobic fermentation strain after 2 hours, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.5-2 wt% of the solid culture medium, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 12-16 hours;
(4) and (3) drying: after fermentation, low-temperature ventilation drying is carried out;
(5) crushing: and crushing the dried fermented chicken manure to obtain the fermented chicken manure feed.
In the process, the chicken manure of the chicks is preferably selected.
The invention provides a biological fermentation process for utilizing chicken manure in a feed manner, and the obtained fermented chicken manure has the advantages of completely disappeared odor, soft texture, no agglomeration and stronger acid fragrance; the product is rich in nutritional ingredients such as probiotics, vitamins, enzymes, amino acids, short peptides, high-quality proteins and the like, is nutritional, safe and green, and has the advantages of promoting growth and development, improving the utilization rate of feed, enhancing immunity, improving intestinal microecology, preventing diseases, reducing environmental pollution and the like. The product can be directly used for feeding animals such as pig and chicken, or can be matched with feed for feeding.
In order to verify the hygienic safety of the product of the present invention, the hygienic index thereof was measured and compared with the national standard, and the results are shown in the following table. The measurement result shows that the product meets the national sanitary standard.
TABLE 1 sanitation index of the product of the present application
The invention provides a biological fermentation process for forage utilization of chicken manure, which has the following remarkable advantages compared with the prior art:
(1) this application utilizes aerobic bacteria (aspergillus niger, thermophilic sporotrichum mould, saccharomycete, bacillus subtilis, thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria) and anaerobe (streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus micus and lactobacillus acidophilus) to ferment fodder jointly and synthesize and utilize the chicken manure, make full use of synergistic action between the microbial species, it is big to eliminate the stink that restricts the chicken manure fodder utilization existence, there are a large amount of pathogenic bacteria, usable protein is drawback such as low partially, promote palatability and the nutrient level of fermentation chicken manure, thereby show the nutritive value for feeding of promotion cottonseed meal, wherein: aspergillus niger has strong capability of assimilating starch and cellulose, and can degrade structural carbohydrate of chicken manure into monosaccharide, disaccharide and other monosaccharide substances which can be utilized by yeast, so that the yeast, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and the like can grow well; similarly, the thermophilic sporotrichum can decompose cellulose at high temperature, and the synergistic effect of the thermophilic sporotrichum and the aspergillus niger can achieve the technical effect of '1 +1> 2'; the existence of the yeast can increase the mycoprotein of the product through rapid propagation, can inhibit the decomposition of the protein in the chicken manure, and avoid the phenomenon of crude protein reduction in the fermentation process; meanwhile, the rapid propagation of the yeast lowers the pH value of the material and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella; the bacillus subtilis can kill pathogenic bacteria in chicken manure in the high-temperature fermentation process, has strong protease production capacity, and can degrade macromolecular protein substances into small molecular weight proteins, peptides and amino acids which are easier to digest and absorb by cultured animals; the existence of the thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria can prevent and control the generation of ammonia gas, so that the fermentation process of chicken manure feed utilization is cleaner, and the growth of probiotics is promoted; the addition of anaerobic bacteria such as streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus urinarius, lactobacillus acidophilus and the like can decompose carbon substances in the manure material to form organic small molecular compounds with acid fragrance, so that the fermented chicken manure generates acid fragrance, and simultaneously contains a large amount of probiotics, and after entering animal intestinal tracts, the organic small molecular compounds have important effects on promoting the production of intestinal probiotics such as bifidobacterium and the like, inhibiting the growth of disease bacteria, restoring the balance of intestinal flora and enhancing the intestinal immune function and physiological function;
(2) the application provides a fermentation process for utilizing chicken manure in a feed manner, which adopts a two-step fermentation process of aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation, can effectively eliminate pathogenic bacteria such as Shigella and the like in the chicken manure in the aerobic fermentation process, and can remove an odor substance NH3Conversion to nitrate, H2Conversion of S to H2SO4Capable of converting other substances into CO2And H2O, odor is eliminated, and Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and yeast can secrete various enzymes to help digestion so as to improve the feed conversion rate; in the anaerobic fermentation process, acid fragrant substances are generated through the fermentation effect of anaerobic microorganisms, the palatability of the product is improved, and nutrients such as vitamins and organic acids can be secreted, so that the growth of the cultured livestock and poultry is promoted, and the immunity of the organism is improved. Aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation supplement each other to jointly construct a biological fermentation technical system for efficiently utilizing the chicken manure in the feed, and the product has better application and popularization values;
(3) by adopting the sectional fermentation, the fermentation strains have different requirements on temperature, pH, oxygen introduction and the like and different reaction control conditions, the growth rate of the thalli is improved, the fermentation time is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved;
(4) the fermentation process has mild conditions, low production cost, short fermentation period and production cost which is only 1/2 of the reported technical level at present, and is applied to promotion of industrial economic benefits and large-scale popularization and application;
(5) the solid state fermentation is adopted, the production process is simple, the energy consumption is low, the environment pollution is avoided, the investment is small, and the large-scale production is easy.
Detailed Description
The seed liquid of the fermentation strains in the following examples all adopt the following processes:
(1) the preparation method of the seed liquid of the aspergillus niger or the thermophilic sporotrichum comprises the following steps: culturing for 24h at 35-40 deg.C in potato culture medium under aseptic condition to obtain Aspergillus niger or thermophilic laterospore mould seed liquid with effective viable count not less than 109cfu/mL；
(2) The preparation method of the yeast seed liquid comprises the following steps: under the aseptic operation condition, two rings of strains are picked from the inclined plane of the yeast YDP by using an inoculating ring, inoculated into a 500mL triangular flask containing 300mLPDA liquid culture medium, subjected to shaking culture at the temperature of between 28 and 32 ℃ and at the speed of 140r/min for 24 hours, and then inoculated into a seed tank for expanded culture according to the process to prepare the yeast seed liquid, wherein the effective viable count of the seed liquid is required to be more than or equal to 109cfu/mL；
(3) The preparation method of the seed liquid of the bacillus subtilis and the thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria comprises the following steps: under the aseptic condition, LB culture medium is adopted to culture for 24 hours at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ to prepare liquid bacillus seed liquid, and the effective viable count of the seed liquid is required to be more than or equal to 109cfu/mL；
(4) The preparation method of the seed liquid of streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus urinarius and lactobacillus acidophilus comprises the following steps: cutting off slant or glycerol tube preserved strain to corresponding seed culture medium, wherein Clostridium butyricum is obtainedInoculating bacillus to an LB culture medium, inoculating a lactobacillus strain to an MRS culture medium, and performing static culture at 37 ℃ for 20-30 hours to obtain a first-grade seed solution; then inoculating the first-stage seed liquid into a 10L glass bottle seed fermentation tank, fermenting for 20-30 h at 37 ℃ to obtain a second-stage seed liquid, wherein the effective viable count of the seed liquid is required to be more than or equal to 109cfu/mL。
Example 1
A biological fermentation process for forage utilization of chicken manure comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) preparing materials: uniformly mixing 80 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of bran, 0.1 part of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of urea, 0.05 part of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03 part of magnesium sulfate, adjusting the water content of the materials to be 40-50%, and preferably enabling the materials to be tightly held by hands to just drip water according to a dry-wet standard;
(2) aerobic fermentation: inoculating activated mould, yeast, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria seed liquid to a culture medium according to the proportion of 1.2:1.8:0.6:1, wherein the total inoculation amount is 4wt% of the solid culture medium, composting and fermenting after uniformly stirring, and ventilating and culturing for 27 hours; the mould is a mixed bacterial liquid of aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum in a ratio of 1:1, and the microzyme is a mixed bacterial liquid of candida utilis and molasses yeast in a ratio of 1: 0.75;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: stopping ventilation after aerobic fermentation, inoculating anaerobic fermentation strains after 2h, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.8wt% of the solid culture medium, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 14 h; wherein the anaerobic bacteria is a mixed flora of streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus urinarius and lactobacillus acidophilus in a ratio of 1:1: 3;
(4) and (3) drying: after fermentation, low-temperature ventilation drying is carried out;
(5) crushing: and crushing the dried fermented chicken manure to obtain the fermented chicken manure feed.
Example 2
A biological fermentation process for forage utilization of chicken manure comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) preparing materials: uniformly mixing 80 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of bran, 0.1 part of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of urea, 0.05 part of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03 part of magnesium sulfate, adjusting the water content of the materials to be 40-50%, and preferably enabling the materials to be tightly held by hands to just drip water according to a dry-wet standard;
(2) aerobic fermentation: inoculating activated mould, yeast, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria seed liquid to a culture medium according to the proportion of 1.2:1.8:0.6:1, wherein the total inoculation amount is 4wt% of the solid culture medium, composting and fermenting after uniformly stirring, and ventilating and culturing for 27 hours; the mould is Aspergillus niger, and the yeast is a mixed strain of Candida utilis and molasses yeast in a ratio of 1: 0.75;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: stopping ventilation after aerobic fermentation, inoculating anaerobic fermentation strains after 2h, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.8wt% of the solid culture medium, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 14 h; wherein the anaerobic bacteria is a mixed flora of streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus urinarius and lactobacillus acidophilus in a ratio of 1:1: 3;
(4) and (3) drying: after fermentation, low-temperature ventilation drying is carried out;
(5) crushing: and crushing the dried fermented chicken manure to obtain the fermented chicken manure feed.
Example 3
A biological fermentation process for forage utilization of chicken manure comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) preparing materials: uniformly mixing 80 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of bran, 0.1 part of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of urea, 0.05 part of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03 part of magnesium sulfate, adjusting the water content of the materials to be 40-50%, and preferably enabling the materials to be tightly held by hands to just drip water according to a dry-wet standard;
(2) aerobic fermentation: inoculating activated mould, yeast, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria seed liquid to a culture medium according to the proportion of 1.2:1.8:0.6:1, wherein the total inoculation amount is 4wt% of the solid culture medium, composting and fermenting after uniformly stirring, and ventilating and culturing for 27 hours; the mould is laterosporon thermophilus, and the yeast is mixed bacteria of candida utilis and molasses yeast in a ratio of 1: 0.75;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: stopping ventilation after aerobic fermentation, inoculating anaerobic fermentation strains after 2h, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.8wt% of the solid culture medium, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 14 h; wherein the anaerobic bacteria is a mixed flora of streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus urinarius and lactobacillus acidophilus in a ratio of 1:1: 3;
(4) and (3) drying: after fermentation, low-temperature ventilation drying is carried out;
(5) crushing: and crushing the dried fermented chicken manure to obtain the fermented chicken manure feed.
Example 4
A biological fermentation process for forage utilization of chicken manure comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) preparing materials: uniformly mixing 80 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of bran, 0.1 part of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of urea, 0.05 part of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03 part of magnesium sulfate, adjusting the water content of the materials to be 40-50%, and preferably enabling the materials to be tightly held by hands to just drip water according to a dry-wet standard;
(2) aerobic fermentation: inoculating activated mould, yeast, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria seed liquid to a culture medium according to the proportion of 1.2:1.8:0.6:1, wherein the total inoculation amount is 4wt% of the solid culture medium, composting and fermenting after uniformly stirring, and ventilating and culturing for 27 hours; the mould is a mixed bacterial liquid of Aspergillus niger and thermophilic laterospore mould in a ratio of 1:1, and the microzyme is Candida utilis;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: stopping ventilation after aerobic fermentation, inoculating anaerobic fermentation strains after 2h, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.8wt% of the solid culture medium, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 14 h; wherein the anaerobic bacteria is a mixed flora of streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus urinarius and lactobacillus acidophilus in a ratio of 1:1: 3;
(4) and (3) drying: after fermentation, low-temperature ventilation drying is carried out;
(5) crushing: and crushing the dried fermented chicken manure to obtain the fermented chicken manure feed.
Example 5
A biological fermentation process for forage utilization of chicken manure comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) preparing materials: uniformly mixing 80 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of bran, 0.1 part of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of urea, 0.05 part of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03 part of magnesium sulfate, adjusting the water content of the materials to be 40-50%, and preferably enabling the materials to be tightly held by hands to just drip water according to a dry-wet standard;
(2) aerobic fermentation: inoculating activated mould, yeast, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria seed liquid to a culture medium according to the proportion of 1.2:1.8:0.6:1, wherein the total inoculation amount is 4wt% of the solid culture medium, composting and fermenting after uniformly stirring, and ventilating and culturing for 27 hours; the mould is a mixed bacterial liquid of Aspergillus niger and thermophilic laterospore mould in a ratio of 1:1, and the yeast is molasses yeast;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: stopping ventilation after aerobic fermentation, inoculating anaerobic fermentation strains after 2h, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.8wt% of the solid culture medium, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 14 h; wherein the anaerobic bacteria is a mixed flora of streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus urinarius and lactobacillus acidophilus in a ratio of 1:1: 3;
(4) and (3) drying: after fermentation, low-temperature ventilation drying is carried out;
(5) crushing: and crushing the dried fermented chicken manure to obtain the fermented chicken manure feed.
Example 6
A biological fermentation process for forage utilization of chicken manure comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) preparing materials: uniformly mixing 80 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of bran, 0.1 part of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of urea, 0.05 part of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03 part of magnesium sulfate, adjusting the water content of the materials to be 40-50%, and preferably enabling the materials to be tightly held by hands to just drip water according to a dry-wet standard;
(2) aerobic fermentation: inoculating activated mould, yeast, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria seed liquid to a culture medium according to the proportion of 1.2:1.8:0.6:1, wherein the total inoculation amount is 4wt% of the solid culture medium, composting and fermenting after uniformly stirring, and ventilating and culturing for 27 hours; the mould is a mixed bacterial liquid of aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum in a ratio of 1:1, and the microzyme is a mixed bacterial liquid of candida utilis and molasses yeast in a ratio of 1: 0.75;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: stopping ventilation after aerobic fermentation, inoculating anaerobic fermentation strains after 2h, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.8wt% of the solid culture medium, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 14 h; wherein the anaerobic bacteria is streptococcus thermophilus;
(4) and (3) drying: after fermentation, low-temperature ventilation drying is carried out;
(5) crushing: and crushing the dried fermented chicken manure to obtain the fermented chicken manure feed.
Example 7
A biological fermentation process for forage utilization of chicken manure comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) preparing materials: uniformly mixing 80 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of bran, 0.1 part of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of urea, 0.05 part of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03 part of magnesium sulfate, adjusting the water content of the materials to be 40-50%, and preferably enabling the materials to be tightly held by hands to just drip water according to a dry-wet standard;
(2) aerobic fermentation: inoculating activated mould, yeast, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria seed liquid to a culture medium according to the proportion of 1.2:1.8:0.6:1, wherein the total inoculation amount is 4wt% of the solid culture medium, composting and fermenting after uniformly stirring, and ventilating and culturing for 27 hours; the mould is a mixed bacterial liquid of aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum in a ratio of 1:1, and the microzyme is a mixed bacterial liquid of candida utilis and molasses yeast in a ratio of 1: 0.75;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: stopping ventilation after aerobic fermentation, inoculating anaerobic fermentation strains after 2h, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.8wt% of the solid culture medium, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 14 h; wherein the anaerobe is enterococcus urinarius;
(4) and (3) drying: after fermentation, low-temperature ventilation drying is carried out;
(5) crushing: and crushing the dried fermented chicken manure to obtain the fermented chicken manure feed.
Example 8
A biological fermentation process for forage utilization of chicken manure comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) preparing materials: uniformly mixing 80 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of bran, 0.1 part of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of urea, 0.05 part of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03 part of magnesium sulfate, adjusting the water content of the materials to be 40-50%, and preferably enabling the materials to be tightly held by hands to just drip water according to a dry-wet standard;
(2) aerobic fermentation: inoculating activated mould, yeast, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria seed liquid to a culture medium according to the proportion of 1.2:1.8:0.6:1, wherein the total inoculation amount is 4wt% of the solid culture medium, composting and fermenting after uniformly stirring, and ventilating and culturing for 27 hours; the mould is a mixed bacterial liquid of aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum in a ratio of 1:1, and the microzyme is a mixed bacterial liquid of candida utilis and molasses yeast in a ratio of 1: 0.75;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: stopping ventilation after aerobic fermentation, inoculating anaerobic fermentation strains after 2h, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.8wt% of the solid culture medium, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 14 h; wherein the anaerobic bacteria is Lactobacillus acidophilus;
(4) and (3) drying: after fermentation, low-temperature ventilation drying is carried out;
(5) crushing: and crushing the dried fermented chicken manure to obtain the fermented chicken manure feed.
Example 9 the following experimental data illustrate the technical effects obtained by the present application
1. Index measuring method
And (3) measuring nutrient indexes: 100g of sample is put in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for drying for about 10h until the weight is constant, the sample is ground into powder, wherein the total protein is determined by adopting the national standard (GB/T6432-1994) Kjeldahl method, the authentic protein is determined by adopting the copper sulfate method to precipitate the protein and then according to the national standard (GB/T6432-1994) Kjeldahl method, the content of crude fiber is quickly determined by acid-base washing-weight method, and the detection of total amino acid is determined by adopting the formaldehyde method;
and (3) measuring the content of lactic acid: the content of lactic acid in the fermented chicken manure is measured by an acid-base titration method. The extraction method of lactic acid in the sample comprises the following steps: accurately weighing 2g of dried fermentation product, placing the fermentation product in a 100mL beaker, adding 50mL of ultrapure water, standing the mixture for 24 hours at 4 ℃, filtering the mixture in a 150mL conical flask, dripping 2-3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator into the conical flask, and titrating the solution to be reddish with 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide solution. The calculation formula of the content of lactic acid is as follows:
lactic acid content (%) =
In the formula: c is the concentration of sodium hydroxide, V is the volume of sodium hydroxide consumed by the sample solution, V0The volume of sodium hydroxide consumed for the blank, M is the molar mass of lactic acid, and M is the weighed mass of the sample.
2. Test grouping
The test is divided into a test group of examples 1 to 8, a blank control group (redistilled water replaces fermentation seed liquid, and the rest processes are the same as those in example 1), a control group 1 (aerobic flora only contains mould, mould and anaerobic flora, and the fermentation production process is the same as that in example 1), a control group 2 (aerobic flora only contains mould, mould and anaerobic flora, and the fermentation production process is the same as that in example 1), a control group 3 (aerobic flora only contains bacillus subtilis, and the anaerobic flora has the same composition and proportion as those in example 1), and a control group 4 (aerobic flora only contains heterotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and the fermentation production process is the same as that in example 1); the chicken manure raw materials in the group are the same batch of raw materials, and the difference of nutritional ingredients is not obvious through detection indexes;
3. statistics of data analysis
Data were analyzed using random one-way analysis using SPSS11.5 software and using LSD multiple comparisons expressed as "mean. + -. Standard Deviation (SD)".
4. Test results
TABLE 2 influence of different process conditions on the nutritional indicators of fermented chicken manure
| Measurement index | Crude protein (%) | True protein (%) | Crude fiber (%) | Amino acid (%) | Lactic acid (%) |
| Blank control group | 29.17±0.71 | 13.77±0.46 | 15.02±0.44 | 8.11±0.38 | 0.43±0.08 |
| Example 1 test group | 32.09±0.65 | 22.81±0.53 | 6.13±0.29 | 18.27±0.25 | 7.54±0.28 |
| Example 2 test group | 29.74±0.51 | 19.62±0.42 | 11.85±0.35 | 10.27±0.32 | 3.96±0.31 |
| Example 3 test group | 28.78±0.62 | 18.14±0.56 | 10.87±0.29 | 9.93±0.28 | 4.08±0.25 |
| Example 4 test group | 30.77±0.48 | 18.46±0.55 | 7.91±0.41 | 13.17±0.44 | 5.21±0.37 |
| Example 5 test group | 29.48±0.65 | 16.29±0.49 | 8.43±0.52 | 12.09±0.52 | 4.84±0.26 |
| Example 6 test group | 31.74±0.72 | 20.70±0.51 | 7.06±0.38 | 15.08±0.46 | 2.11±0.18 |
| Example 7 test group | 30.52±0.69 | 19.88±0.63 | 7.22±0.42 | 14.79±0.39 | 1.47±0.15 |
| Example 8 test group | 31.19±0.44 | 20.21±0.59 | 7.14±0.45 | 14.96±0.41 | 3.69±0.22 |
| Control 1 group | 24.78±0.86 | 15.29±0.68 | 10.65±0.55 | 9.76±0.33 | 4.92±0.32 |
| Control 2 group | 29.29±0.92 | 17.48±0.66 | 14.29±0.49 | 10.21±0.37 | 3.14±0.29 |
| Control 3 group | 26.91±0.78 | 15.41±0.71 | 12.95±0.61 | 11.35±0.41 | 4.74±0.41 |
| Control 4 group | 24.08±0.88 | 14.37±0.69 | 14.88±0.39 | 9.63±0.32 | 2.07±0.36 |
The test results show that the selection of the aerobic fermentation flora and the anaerobic fermentation flora can have obvious influence on the fermentation of the chicken manure. Comparative examples nutritional index, example 1 is the best example of this application.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A biological fermentation process for making fodder by using chicken manure is characterized by specifically comprising two-step fermentation of mixed bacteria aerobic fermentation and mixed bacteria anaerobic fermentation, wherein aerobic fermentation flora comprises mould, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria; the using amount ratio of mould, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria in the aerobic fermentation flora is 1.2:1.8:0.6:1, the mould is one or a mixture of two of aspergillus niger and thermophilic sporotrichum, and the saccharomycetes is one or a mixture of more of candida utilis, beer yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae and molasses yeast; the anaerobic fermentation flora is a mixed flora with the inoculation ratio of 1:1:3 of streptococcus thermophilus, enterococcus urinarius and lactobacillus acidophilus.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the yeast is a mixture of Candida utilis and molasses yeast, and the ratio of the yeast to the molasses yeast is 1: 0.75.
3. The biological fermentation process of chicken manure for feedstuff according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the seed liquid of Aspergillus niger or Thermomyces thermophilus comprises: culturing for 24h at 35-40 deg.C in potato culture medium under aseptic condition to obtain Aspergillus niger or thermophilic laterospore mould seed liquid with effective viable count not less than 109cfu/mL; the preparation method of the yeast seed liquid comprises the following steps: under the aseptic operation condition, two rings of strains are picked from the inclined plane of the yeast YDP by using an inoculating ring, inoculated into a 500mL triangular flask containing 300mLPDA liquid culture medium, subjected to shaking culture at the temperature of between 28 and 32 ℃ and at the speed of 140r/min for 24 hours, and then inoculated into a seed tank for expanded culture according to the process to prepare the yeast seed liquid, wherein the effective viable count of the seed liquid is required to be more than or equal to 109cfu/mL; the bacillus subtilis and the thermophileThe preparation method of the heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria seed liquid comprises the following steps: under the aseptic condition, LB culture medium is adopted to culture for 24 hours at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ to prepare liquid bacillus seed liquid, and the effective viable count of the seed liquid is required to be more than or equal to 109cfu/mL; the preparation method of the seed liquid of the streptococcus thermophilus, the enterococcus urinarius and the lactobacillus acidophilus comprises the following steps: cutting off slant or glycerol tube preservation strains to corresponding seed culture media, inoculating streptococcus thermophilus and enterococcus urinarius to an LB culture medium, inoculating lactobacillus strains to an MRS culture medium, and performing static culture at 37 ℃ for 20-30 h to obtain primary seed liquid; then inoculating the first-stage seed liquid into a 10L glass bottle seed fermentation tank, fermenting for 20-30 h at 37 ℃ to obtain a second-stage seed liquid, wherein the effective viable count of the seed liquid is required to be more than or equal to 109cfu/mL。
4. The biological fermentation process for forage-type utilization of chicken manure according to claim 1, wherein the specific process steps of the biological fermentation process for forage-type utilization of chicken manure comprise:
(1) preparing materials: uniformly mixing 80 parts of chicken manure, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of bran, 0.1 part of ammonium sulfate, 2 parts of urea, 0.05 part of monopotassium phosphate and 0.03 part of magnesium sulfate, adjusting the water content of the materials to be 40-50%, and preferably enabling the materials to be tightly held by hands to just drip water according to a dry-wet standard;
(2) aerobic fermentation: inoculating activated mould, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis and thermophilic heterotrophic ammonia oxidizing bacteria seed liquid into a culture medium according to the proportion of 1.2:1.8:0.6:1, wherein the total inoculation amount is 3-5 wt% of the solid culture medium, uniformly stirring, composting, fermenting, and ventilating and culturing for 24-30 h;
(3) anaerobic fermentation: stopping ventilation after aerobic fermentation, inoculating an anaerobic fermentation strain after 2 hours, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.5-2 wt% of the solid culture medium, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 12-16 hours;
(4) and (3) drying: after fermentation, low-temperature ventilation drying is carried out;
(5) crushing: and crushing the dried fermented chicken manure to obtain the fermented chicken manure feed.
5. The biological fermentation process of feeding chicken manure according to claim 4, wherein the chicken manure is chicken manure of chicken.
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