CN111685235A - Preparation method of lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed for piglets - Google Patents
Preparation method of lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed for piglets Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed for piglets, which can effectively solve the problems of high feeding cost of the existing piglets, poor gastrointestinal health of weaned piglets, high diarrhea rate, poor palatability of the traditional dry feed and low utilization rate of nutrient substances, the technical proposal for solving the problem is that lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated into prepared liquid complete feed, the inoculation amount is 4-6%, fermenting for 3-6 days at 26-33 ℃ by a shaking table at 160-200 rpm, the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed is obtained, the lactobacillus plantarum is an excellent strain suitable for fermenting liquid feed, can effectively inhibit the growth and propagation of mixed bacteria and harmful bacteria in feed raw materials, ensures the good fermentation of the fermented liquid feed, and the process for preparing the fermented liquid feed is simple, the operation is easy, the growth performance effect on piglets is obvious, and the fermented liquid feed is an innovation on fermented feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fermented feeds, in particular to a preparation method of lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed for piglets.
Background
In recent years, domestic food safety incidents frequently occur, particularly drug residues and bacterial drug resistance caused by abuse of antibiotics seriously threaten food safety and human health, and the safety of feed is more and more concerned by the nation and the society. The microbial fermented feed is used as a novel green and environment-friendly feed, and brings a new research idea for human beings. Therefore, under the new situation of advocating food safety and green cultivation, the development of fermented liquid feed is more needed to ensure the safety of meat products from the source.
Fermented Liquid Feed (FLF) is a Feed raw material which is good in palatability and high in nutrition level and is produced by decomposing or converting anti-nutritional factors in the Feed through metabolic activity of beneficial microorganisms under the condition of artificially controlling fermentation. FLF has a great advantage in application compared to traditional dry and liquid feeds: the FLF can greatly save the feed cost, improve the digestion utilization rate of the feed, improve the growth performance of animals, generate a large amount of acidic substances in the liquid fermentation process, and enhance the acidity of the feed, thereby inhibiting or killing salmonella and escherichia coli, finally promoting the health of the animals, ensuring the health of human beings and having good application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed for piglets, which can effectively solve the problems of high feeding cost of the existing piglets, poor gastrointestinal health of weaned piglets, high diarrhea rate, poor palatability of the traditional dry feed, low utilization rate of nutrient substances and the like.
The invention solves the technical scheme that the Lactobacillus plantarum UR-3 is classified and named as Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum), is already preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2019, 12 and 16 months, and has the preservation number as follows: CGMCC No. 19131. And (4) storage address: xilu No.1 Hospital No. 3, Beijing, Chaoyang, North.
The method for fermenting the liquid complete feed by using the lactobacillus plantarum UR-3 comprises the steps of inoculating the lactobacillus plantarum into the prepared liquid complete feed, wherein the inoculation amount is 4-6%, and fermenting for 3-6 days at 26-33 ℃ by using a shaking table at 160-200 rpm, so that the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed is obtained.
The complete feed is prepared from the following raw materials, by mass, 47-52% of corn, 16-24% of soybean meal, 16.5-20% of expanded soybean, 1-4% of whey powder, 1-5% of imported fish meal, 0.5-1.8% of soybean oil, 0.1-0.14% of lysine, 0.1-0.14% of methionine, 0.1-0.2% of salt, 1.0-1.2% of stone powder, 0.1-0.9% of calcium hydrophosphate and 2.0% of a premix, wherein each kilogram of the premix comprises (copper) Cu 200mg, (iron) Fe2300mg, (zinc) Zn2800 mg, (manganese) Mn450mg, (vitamin A) VA 95000IU, (vitamin D)3)VD313000IU, (vitamin E) VE 3000IU, (vitamin K)3)VK390mg, (vitamin B)2)VB2300mg and the balance of starch are evenly mixed to prepare the starch.
The lactobacillus plantarum is an excellent strain suitable for fermenting liquid feed, can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of mixed bacteria and harmful bacteria in feed raw materials, ensures the good fermentation of the fermented liquid feed, has simple process for preparing the fermented liquid feed, is easy to operate, can be fermented in a extensive pig farm environment, further enhances the intestinal health of piglets, accelerates the growth and weight gain of the piglets, maintains the normal physiological function of organisms, improves the immunologic function of the piglets, has good effect, especially has obvious effect on the growth performance of the piglets, and is an innovation on the fermented feed.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention in detail.
Example 1
The invention relates to a method for preparing fermented liquid complete feed by using lactobacillus plantarum, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparing a seed solution, namely inoculating lactobacillus plantarum UR-3 into a prepared sterilized MRS liquid culture medium, fermenting for 2-4 d at the temperature of 26-33 ℃ by using a shaking table at 160-180 rpm, then absorbing 2-4% of strains, transferring the strains into another bottle of newly prepared MRS liquid culture medium, fermenting for 2-4 d at the temperature of 26-33 ℃ by using a shaking table at 160-180 rpm, and finally preparing the lactobacillus plantarum seed solution, wherein the viable count of the seed solution is not less than 1 × 109cfu/mL；
2) Pretreatment of raw materials: smashing complete feed raw materials, fully and uniformly mixing, finely smashing the mixed raw materials to the granularity of 60 meshes, preparing a fermented liquid feed dry powder material, and mixing the fermented liquid feed dry powder material according to the water-material ratio of 1: 2-3, and adding into a triangular flask;
3) fermentation: inoculating the lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid prepared in the step 1) into the triangular flask of the uniformly mixed fermented liquid feed dry powder material in the step 2), wherein the inoculation amount is 4-6%, completely sealing, fermenting for 3-6 d at the temperature of 26-37 ℃ by 160-200 rpm of a shaking table, and finishing fermentation when the pH of the fermentation liquid is reduced to be below 4.0 to obtain the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed.
Example 2
1) Preparing a seed solution: inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum UR-3 into sterilized MRS liquid culture medium, fermenting at 30 deg.C with shaking table at 170rpm for 3d, sucking 3% of strain, transferring into another bottle of newly prepared MRS liquid culture medium, and fermenting at 30 deg.C with shaking table at 170rpmFermenting for 3d to obtain Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid with viable count not less than 1 × 109cfu/mL；
2) Pretreatment of raw materials: 50% of corn, 20% of soybean meal, 19.01% of expanded soybean, 3% of whey powder, 3% of imported fish meal, 1% of soybean oil, 0.12% of lysine, 0.12% of methionine, 0.15% of salt, 1.1% of stone powder, 0.5% of calcium hydrophosphate and 2.0% of premix are ground and fully and uniformly mixed, the mixed raw materials are finely ground to have the granularity of 60 meshes to prepare a fermented liquid feed dry powder material, and the fermented liquid feed dry powder material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in a water-to-material ratio of 1: 2-3, and adding into a triangular flask;
3) fermentation: inoculating the lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid prepared in the step 1) into the triangular flask of the uniformly mixed fermented liquid feed dry powder material in the step 2), wherein the inoculation amount is 5%, completely sealing, fermenting for 4d at 30 ℃ by 180rpm of a shaking table, and finishing fermentation when the pH of the fermentation liquid is reduced to be below 4.0 to obtain the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed.
The MRS liquid culture medium is as follows: 5.0g of beef extract powder, 10.0g of peptone, 4.0g of yeast extract powder, 20.0g of glucose, 2.0g of triammonium citrate, 801.0 ml of tween-tween, 0.05g of manganese sulfate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 100ml of distilled water, heating, boiling, dissolving and subpackaging, adjusting the pH value to 6.2 +/-0.2,121 ℃, and autoclaving for 15min for later use.
The premix is prepared from (copper) Cu 200mg, (iron) Fe2300mg, (zinc) Zn2800 mg, (manganese) Mn450mg, (vitamin A) VA 95000IU, (vitamin D)3)VD313000IU, (vitamin E) VE 3000IU, (vitamin K)3)VK390mg, (vitamin B)2)VB2300mg and the balance of starch are evenly mixed to prepare the starch.
All indexes of the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed are detected, and the fermented feed product meets the technical standards of products, namely, the concentration of lactic acid is more than or equal to 150mmol/L, and the number of viable bacteria of lactic acid bacteria is more than or equal to 1.0 × 109cfu/mL, pH is less than or equal to 4.5, acetic acid concentration is less than or equal to 40mmol/L, and acetic acid concentration is less than or equal to 0.8 mmol/L.
The screening method of the lactobacillus plantarum comprises the following steps:
1: ultraviolet mutagenesis of the strain: preparing original strains (CGMCC No. 1.1856, Lactobacillus plantarum) into a bacterial suspension, diluting the bacterial suspension into different concentration gradients, coating the bacterial suspension on an MRS solid culture medium after ultraviolet irradiation, wrapping the bacterial suspension with black cloth, performing light-shielding culture at 26-33 ℃ for 3-6 days, taking out the bacterial suspension, counting, calculating the lethality, and finding out the optimal irradiation dose.
2: screening a mutant strain: firstly, performing primary screening on a separation culture medium containing calcium carbonate through a calcium dissolving ring; secondly, a lactic acid high-yield strain UR-3 is finally obtained through re-screening, and the lactic acid yield is obviously improved.
The MRS solid culture medium is as follows: 5.0g of beef extract powder, 10.0g of peptone, 4.0g of yeast extract powder, 20.0g of glucose, 2.0g of triammonium citrate, 801.0 ml of tween-tween, 0.05g of manganese sulfate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 1.8g of agar powder, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.0g of calcium carbonate and 100ml of distilled water, heating, boiling, dissolving, subpackaging, adjusting the pH value to 6.2 +/-0.2,121 ℃, and autoclaving for 15min for later use.
Compared with other strains for fermenting liquid feed, the mutant strain UR-3 provided by the invention has good performance in the aspects of growth, lactic acid production and the like, in the fermented liquid feed, the lactic acid production capacity of the UR-3 strain is improved by 44.53 percent compared with that of the original strain, the lactic acid concentration is more than or equal to 200mmol/L, the biomass is obviously improved, and the crude protein content is relatively improved.
3: and (3) identification of excellent strains:
selecting colony of the mutagenized excellent strain UR-3, streaking and inoculating the colony to an MRS culture medium plate for pure culture, culturing at 26-33 ℃ for 24-72 h, performing microscopic examination, and observing color and morphological characteristics of separated bacteria: form white round convex colony with diameter of 1.0mm-3.0mm, smooth and wet surface, neat edge, gram positive, no motility. Referring to Bergey's Manual of identification of bacteria, wherein the results of physiological and biochemical experiments of strains are shown in Table 1, the results of fermentation experiments of carbon sources are shown in Table 2, and according to the results of the physiological and biochemical experiments and the fermentation of carbon sources, 16SrRNA sequencing data comparison is carried out on the strain UR-3 to obtain that the strain UR-3 is Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum), which is deposited in China general microbiological culture Collection center on 16.12.2019 and has a deposit number of: CGMCC No. 19131. And (4) storage address: xilu No.1 Hospital No. 3, Beijing, Chaoyang, North.
TABLE 1 physiological and biochemical experimental results of UR-3 strain
Note: "-" represents negative and "+" represents positive.
TABLE 2 carbon source fermentation test results of UR-3 strain
Note: "+" indicates strong fermentation, "-" indicates no fermentation, and "d" indicates slight fermentation.
Secondly, piglet feeding experiment:
the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete pig feed provided by the invention is applied to feeding piglets, can obviously improve the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of the piglets, reduces the diarrhea rate and feed conversion ratio of the piglets, further improves the blood biochemical index of the piglets, and is fully proved by test data, and the related test data are as follows:
the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete pig feed provided by the invention is applied to feeding of piglets:
90-day-old 35-day-old Dudu hybrid piglets are selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, and the test period is 21 days.
Test protocol
Group I: and (3) feeding a control group with basic diet, wherein the basic diet comprises the following components: 50% of corn, 20% of soybean meal, 19.01% of expanded soybean, 3% of whey powder, 3% of imported fish meal, 1% of soybean oil, 0.12% of lysine, 0.12% of methionine, 0.15% of salt, 1.1% of stone powder, 0.5% of calcium hydrophosphate and 2.0% of premix.
And (II) group: feeding a basal diet containing antibiotic;
group III: feeding the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed obtained in the embodiment 2 of the invention.
The test group and the control group both feed and drink water freely, the test is weighed on empty stomach at the beginning and the end of the test, the material consumption is counted, the diarrhea condition is observed, and the average daily gain, the feed intake and the diarrhea incidence rate are calculated.
The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of lactic acid bacteria fermented liquid feed on piglet production performance
As can be seen from table 1: compared with a control group, the average daily gain of the test II group and the test III group is respectively improved by 17.68 percent (P < 0.05) and 26.88 percent (P < 0.05), the difference between the test II group and the test III group is not significant (P >0.05), the average daily feed intake of the test II group and the test III group is respectively improved by 5.34 percent (P < 0.05) and 10.68 percent (P < 0.05), and the feed-meat ratio of the test II group and the test III group is respectively reduced by 12.75 percent (P < 0.05) and 11.74 percent (P < 0.05). Therefore, the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid feed can increase the daily feed intake of piglets and reduce the diarrhea rate.
TABLE 2 influence of Lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete pig feed on the biochemical indicators of the blood of piglets
As shown in Table 2, the total protein, immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G indexes of the blood samples of the test II group and the test III group are obviously improved and obviously different (P is less than 0.05) compared with the indexes of the control group, the difference between the test II group and the test III group is obvious (P is less than 0.05), the urea nitrogen content of the blood samples of the test II group and the test III group is obviously reduced and obviously different (P is less than 0.05), and the difference between the test II group and the test III group is obvious (P is less than 0.05).
Through repeated experiments of multiple batches, the products prepared by other embodiments of the invention can obtain the same or similar beneficial effects as the experimental results.
The lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed provided by the invention is mainly applied to feeding piglets, the most difficult and complex link in the whole pig raising process is the growth stage of the piglets, for the piglets, the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed is relatively close to breast milk in the aspect of shape, and can provide sufficient nutrition and water; lactic acid generated in the fermentation process can inhibit the growth of intestinal pathogenic bacteria, can obviously improve the immunity of piglets and effectively promote the healthy growth of the piglets, and is an ideal diet for the piglets in the stage of piglets; in addition, the related research on the influence of the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid pig complete feed on the biochemical indexes of the piglet blood is less, so that the research and development of the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid pig complete feed have great significance on the development of the livestock husbandry in China, the research on the technology of the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid pig complete feed and the application of the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid pig complete feed on piglets is a great innovation on the fermented feed, a test theoretical basis is provided for substituting antibiotics for the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid pig complete feed in the antibiotic-free breeding application production of live pigs, a theoretical basis is laid for further research and development of safe, efficient and environment-friendly fermented feed, and the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid pig complete feed as a high-efficiency, green, ecological and safe feed has the potential of popularization and application in various pig farms.
The lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete pig feed provided by the invention has the advantages as a novel green and environment-friendly feed: the feed fermented by lactic acid bacteria contains abundant lactic acid bacteria and metabolites thereof, lactobacillin, small peptides, vitamins and the like, has sour and fragrant smell, good palatability and has a feeding attraction effect on animals, thereby increasing the feed intake of piglets, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria in intestinal tracts after being fed to livestock and poultry, maintaining the micro-ecological balance of animal digestive tracts, enhancing the immunity of animal organisms, effectively preventing various livestock and poultry diseases, being an innovation on fermented feed and having good popularization and application values.
Claims (5)
1. The lactobacillus plantarum UR-3 is classified and named as lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum), is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC), and has the preservation number as follows: CGMCC No. 19131.
2. Use of lactobacillus plantarum UR-3 according to claim 1 for the preparation of liquid complete feed.
3. The method for applying the lactobacillus plantarum UR-3 in preparing the liquid complete feed according to claim 2, wherein the lactobacillus plantarum is inoculated into the prepared liquid complete feed, the inoculation amount is 4-6%, and the lactobacillus plantarum is fermented for 3-6 days at 26-33 ℃ by a shaking table at 160-200 rpm, so that the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed is obtained; the complete feed is prepared from the following raw materials, by mass, 47-52% of corn, 16-24% of soybean meal, 16.5-20% of expanded soybean, 1-4% of whey powder, 1-5% of imported fish meal, 0.5-1.8% of soybean oil, 0.1-0.14% of lysine, 0.1-0.14% of methionine, 0.1-0.2% of salt, 1.0-1.2% of stone powder, 0.1-0.9% of calcium hydrophosphate and 2.0% of a premix, wherein each kilogram of the premix is composed of 200mg of Cu, 200mg of Fe2300mg, 2800 mg of Zn, 450mg of Mn, 95000IU of VD, VD of VA313000 IU、VE 3000 IU、VK390 mg、VB2300mg and the balance of starch are evenly mixed to prepare the starch.
4. The method for the use of lactobacillus plantarum UR-3, according to claim 3, in the preparation of liquid complete feed, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a seed solution: inoculating lactobacillus plantarum UR-3 into a prepared sterilized MRS liquid culture medium, fermenting for 2-4 days at 26-33 ℃ by using 160-180 rpm of a shaking table, absorbing 2-4% of strains, transferring the strains into another bottle of newly prepared MRS liquid culture medium, fermenting for 2-4 days at 26-33 ℃ by using 160-180 rpm of the shaking table, and finally preparing lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid, wherein the viable count of the seed liquid is more than or equal to1×109cfu/mL; the MRS liquid culture medium is as follows: 5.0g of beef extract powder, 10.0g of peptone, 4.0g of yeast extract powder, 20.0g of glucose, 2.0g of triammonium citrate, 801.0 ml of tween-tween, 0.05g of manganese sulfate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 100ml of distilled water, heating, boiling, dissolving and subpackaging, adjusting the pH value to 6.2 +/-0.2,121 ℃, and autoclaving for 15min for later use;
2) pretreatment of raw materials: smashing complete feed raw materials, fully and uniformly mixing, finely smashing the mixed raw materials to the granularity of 60 meshes, preparing a fermented liquid feed dry powder material, and mixing the fermented liquid feed dry powder material according to the water-material ratio of 1: 2-3, and adding into a triangular flask;
3) fermentation: inoculating the lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid prepared in the step 1) into the triangular flask of the uniformly mixed fermented liquid feed dry powder material in the step 2), wherein the inoculation amount is 4-6%, completely sealing, fermenting for 3-6 d at the temperature of 26-37 ℃ by 160-200 rpm of a shaking table, and finishing fermentation when the pH of the fermentation liquid is reduced to be below 4.0 to obtain the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed.
5. The method for the use of lactobacillus plantarum UR-3, according to claim 3, in the preparation of liquid complete feed, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) preparing seed liquid, inoculating Lactobacillus plantarum UR-3 into sterilized MRS liquid culture medium, fermenting at 30 deg.C with shaking table at 170rpm for 3d, absorbing 3% of strain, transferring into another bottle of newly prepared MRS liquid culture medium, fermenting at 30 deg.C with shaking table at 170rpm for 3d, and making into Lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid with viable count not less than 1 × 109cfu/mL; the MRS liquid culture medium is as follows: 5.0g of beef extract powder, 10.0g of peptone, 4.0g of yeast extract powder, 20.0g of glucose, 2.0g of triammonium citrate, 801.0 ml of tween-tween, 0.05g of manganese sulfate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 100ml of distilled water, heating, boiling, dissolving and subpackaging, adjusting the pH value to 6.2 +/-0.2,121 ℃, and autoclaving for 15min for later use;
2) pretreatment of raw materials: 50% of corn, 20% of soybean meal, 19.01% of expanded soybean, 3% of whey powder, 3% of imported fish meal, 1% of soybean oil, 0.12% of lysine, 0.12% of methionine, 0.15% of salt, 1.1% of stone powder, 0.5% of calcium hydrophosphate and 2.0% of premix are ground and fully and uniformly mixed, the mixed raw materials are finely ground to have the granularity of 60 meshes to prepare a fermented liquid feed dry powder material, and the fermented liquid feed dry powder material is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in a water-to-material ratio of 1: 2-3, and adding into a triangular flask;
3) fermentation: inoculating the lactobacillus plantarum seed liquid prepared in the step 1) into the triangular flask of the uniformly mixed fermented liquid feed dry powder material in the step 2), wherein the inoculation amount is 5%, completely sealing, fermenting for 4d at 30 ℃ by 180rpm of a shaking table, and finishing fermentation when the pH of the fermentation liquid is reduced to be below 4.0 to obtain the lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed.
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| CN112273551A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-01-29 | 河南省科学院生物研究所有限责任公司 | Mixed feed additive for preventing piglet diarrhea and application thereof |
| CN113355265A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-07 | 广东温氏大华农生物科技有限公司 | Lactobacillus plantarum and application thereof |
| CN115948296A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-04-11 | 四川高福记生物科技有限公司 | Lactobacillus plantarum for improving muscle and bone health and/or improving athletic ability, and composition and application thereof |
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| CN112273551A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-01-29 | 河南省科学院生物研究所有限责任公司 | Mixed feed additive for preventing piglet diarrhea and application thereof |
| CN113355265A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-07 | 广东温氏大华农生物科技有限公司 | Lactobacillus plantarum and application thereof |
| CN115948296A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-04-11 | 四川高福记生物科技有限公司 | Lactobacillus plantarum for improving muscle and bone health and/or improving athletic ability, and composition and application thereof |
| CN115948296B (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2024-02-27 | 四川高福记生物科技有限公司 | Lactobacillus plantarum for improving musculoskeletal health and/or improving exercise capacity, and composition and application thereof |
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