CN110869837B - 具有液晶布置结构的车窗玻璃 - Google Patents
具有液晶布置结构的车窗玻璃 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110869837B CN110869837B CN201880042002.3A CN201880042002A CN110869837B CN 110869837 B CN110869837 B CN 110869837B CN 201880042002 A CN201880042002 A CN 201880042002A CN 110869837 B CN110869837 B CN 110869837B
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- layer
- liquid crystal
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- crystal arrangement
- pane
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种车窗玻璃,所述车窗玻璃包括板状的窗玻璃主体(16),窗玻璃主体(16)具有面向车辆的周围的外侧和背离所述外侧的内侧,在窗玻璃主体(16)的内侧上布置有遮蔽布置结构,遮蔽布置结构由包括液晶单元(26)的液晶布置结构(20)形成。液晶布置结构(20)包括两个膜(22、24),液晶单元(26)布置在所述两个膜(22、24)之间,并且液晶布置结构(20)经由至少一个纵向扩展的补偿层(28)连接到窗玻璃主体(16)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种车窗玻璃。
背景技术
这种类型的车窗玻璃从实践中已知并且可以是机动车辆的可移置的或固定的车顶元件。车窗玻璃包括典型地由玻璃制成并形成车顶元件的外表的板状的窗玻璃主体。在其内侧,窗玻璃主体设置有液晶布置结构,液晶布置结构能够被电切换,从而限定车窗玻璃的半透性。根据液晶布置结构的切换状态,车窗玻璃或者很大程度上半透明,或者很大程度上不透明,因此形成遮蔽布置结构。
此外,众所周知,滴状液晶是嵌入聚合物的。在默认状态下,液晶是无序的,这是基本没有光可透射的原因。外观是乳白状的。然而,如果电压被施加于这些液晶单元,则液晶对正,允许光被透射。
此外,众所周知,被称为SPD(悬浮颗粒装置)膜用于车窗玻璃以便提供遮蔽装置。SPD膜包括集成在薄的塑料膜中并且一开始是随机定向的在合适的单元中的小的棒状颗粒。电场使这些颗粒对正,允许光被透射。然而,存在这样的问题:SPD膜仅可以以蓝色制造,而不能以容易用于机动车辆的中性色制造。
到目前为止,普遍存在提供具有允许低透射度的均匀遮蔽的液晶布置结构作为遮蔽布置结构的弯曲的车窗玻璃、特别是三维弯曲的车窗玻璃的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种根据以上提到的类型的车窗玻璃,所述车窗玻璃具有这样的液晶布置结构:即使窗玻璃主体是三维弯曲的,也表现均匀遮蔽的特性。
根据本发明,这个目的通过具有本发明的特征的车窗玻璃而达到。
本发明提出一种车窗玻璃,所述车窗玻璃包括:板状、平的或弯曲的窗玻璃主体,其具有面向车辆的周围的外侧和背离所述外侧的内侧,在窗玻璃主体的内侧上布置有遮蔽布置结构,遮蔽布置结构由包括液晶单元的液晶布置结构形成。液晶布置结构包括两个膜,液晶单元布置在两个膜之间,并且液晶布置结构经由纵向扩展补偿层连接到窗玻璃主体。
由于液晶单元布置在所述两个膜之间,所以液晶布置结构能够与板状的、特别是弯曲的窗玻璃主体的形状相符合,窗玻璃主体可由玻璃或塑料、例如聚碳酸酯或PMMA制成。这也允许窗玻璃主体被实现为具有三维弯曲特性,窗玻璃主体因此具有沿窗玻璃的纵向的弯曲和沿窗玻璃的横向的弯曲。纵向扩展补偿层、特别是可以是弹性的纵向扩展补偿层补偿例如由于不同的热膨胀特性而可能在窗玻璃主体与液晶布置结构之间产生的压力。因此,根据液晶单元的切换状态,液晶布置结构能够显示出穿过液晶布置结构的表面的恒定的光透过性、即,恒定的透射特性,优选地,液晶布置结构的表面延伸横跨窗玻璃主体的主要部分。
在根据本发明的车窗玻璃中,液晶单元的功能集成在两个膜之间,保证液晶布置结构的良好的变形能力。此外,可实现整个液晶单元的均匀的层厚度。
优选地,纵向扩展补偿层还具有粘合特性,使得在复合结构的各个层之间不需要附加的粘合层。
窗玻璃主体可具有三维弯曲特性。例如,窗玻璃主体可沿两个方向弯曲、即当考虑车顶窗玻璃时沿车辆的横向和沿车辆的纵向弯曲,每个弯曲具有1000mm与10000mm之间、优选是2000mm与5000mm之间的半径,在弯曲部上半径可改变、即在各个方向上不必须为恒定的。在弯曲部上曲率半径可变化、即不必须是恒定的,即,曲率半径可沿窗玻璃的横向和/或纵向变化。
根据本发明的车窗玻璃的液晶布置结构可在宽温度范围下以大约一秒的短切换时间来操作。此外,低电压足以启动液晶布置结构。特别是,作为交流电压的该电压可以低于30V。例如,交流电压的频率为60Hz,但也可根据液晶的对正的期望速度而更高,可高达100Hz至200Hz或也可更低。
此外,当关闭时,液晶布置结构提供非常低的透光性,针对可见光低于1%。例如,液晶布置结构的颜色为灰色,但可通过混合染料来定制。
特别是,根据本发明的车窗玻璃为所述车辆的顶元件。此顶元件可以是刚性连接到所述车辆的主体的固定的顶元件或者构成天窗布置结构的盖元件的可移动的顶元件。
在根据本发明的车窗玻璃的一个优选实施例中,纵向扩展补偿层、特别是光学各向同性的纵向扩展补偿层是丙烯酸酯层、热塑性聚氨酯层、环氧树脂层、硅酮层或交联材料层、例如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)层或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)层。为此,可使用、特别是在制造期间可使用以下弹性膜:所述弹性模由对应材料制成并且其热塑性和/或交联反应特性允许在加热时其与窗玻璃主体和液晶布置结构的膜形成复合结构。当然,具有弹性并能够吸收压力的不同材料也可用于纵向扩展补偿层。
为了能够在很大程度上吸收窗玻璃主体与液晶布置结构之间的压力,优选地,纵向扩展补偿层具有至少0.2mm、特别是至少0.4mm的厚度。
在根据本发明的车窗玻璃的一个特定实施例中,窗玻璃内主体布置在车窗玻璃的内侧上。在这种情况下,液晶布置结构布置在窗玻璃内主体与形成车窗玻璃的外侧的窗玻璃主体之间。
窗玻璃内主体可以以与窗玻璃主体相同的方式来实现。这意味着窗玻璃主体和窗玻璃内主体二者由例如具有大约1.5mm至2.6mm厚度的玻璃制成。然而,在根据本发明的车窗玻璃的一个特定实施例中,窗玻璃内主体由柔性的并因此可调节为板状的窗玻璃主体的可能曲率的薄玻璃制成。例如,可以是化学预应力玻璃的所述薄玻璃具有0.1mm与1.5mm之间的厚度。薄玻璃的柔性能够补偿液晶布置结构的热膨胀特性,从而防止由于温度改变对液晶布置结构的可能的损坏。
为了进一步提高根据本发明的车窗玻璃的遮蔽特性,在车窗玻璃的一个优选实施例中,偏光层布置在窗玻璃内主体与液晶布置结构之间。
可选地,偏光层可布置在窗玻璃主体与液晶布置结构之间。
优选地,偏光层具有与当液晶单元关闭时的液晶单元的偏振方向成直角的偏振方向。在那样的情况下,开启状态与透射状态关联。然而,偏光层的偏振方向也可与当液晶单元关闭时的液晶单元的偏振方向平行,这意味着在那样的情况下,布置结构处于透射状态。
为了能够吸收液晶布置结构与偏光层之间的由于不同的热膨胀特性导致的压力,偏光层优选地经由第二纵向扩展补偿层连接到液晶布置结构。
优选是光学各向同性的第二纵向扩展补偿层也可由丙烯酸酯层、热塑性聚氨酯层、环氧树脂层或硅酮层制成。具有弹性特性并能够吸收压力的其他可能的材料、例如诸如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)等交联材料也可使用。
优选地,第二纵向扩展补偿层具有至少0.2mm、特别是至少0.4mm的厚度。
优选地,第二纵向扩展补偿层具有与液晶布置结构的膜的折射率对应的折射率。以这样的方式,至少在一定程度上能防止光在通过液晶布置结构、第二纵向扩展补偿层和偏光层期间的多次折射。
第三纵向扩展补偿层可被设置以便将窗玻璃内主体连接到偏光层,第三纵向扩展补偿层能够补偿偏光层和窗玻璃内主体的不同的热膨胀特性。
与其他两个纵向扩展补偿层相似,例如,优选为光学各向同性的第三纵向扩展补偿层由丙烯酸酯层、热塑性聚氨酯层、环氧树脂层、硅酮层或交联材料层、例如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)层或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)层制成,或由具有弹性特性并能够吸收压力的另一材料制成。
优选地,第三纵向扩展补偿层也具有至少0.2mm、特别是至少0.4mm的厚度。
为了以保护的方式在根据本发明的车窗玻璃中容纳液晶布置结构以使其免受环境条件、即湿气和氧气侵害,优选地,设置至少覆盖液晶布置结构和纵向扩展补偿层的边缘的边缘密封件。边缘密封件由丙烯酸酯层、热塑性聚氨酯层、环氧树脂层、硅酮层或交联材料层、诸如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)层或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)层制成。
液晶布置结构的两个膜均由例如PET(聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯)或聚碳酸酯的透明膜制成,优选地,具有在50μm与250μm之间的厚度。这两个膜各自构成基体,在基体上布置有用于将液晶单元电连接到所述车辆的车载电气系统的导电层。有利地,对正的层被布置在每个导电层上。对正的层各自限界液晶单元并用来预对正液晶单元中的液晶。此外,这两个对正的层通过间隔件彼此分离,使得布置有液晶的液晶单元的厚度在整个液晶布置结构上至少大部分恒定。
在根据本发明的车窗玻璃的一个优选实施例中,液晶布置结构包括单个液晶单元,所述单个液晶单元至少大部分延伸横跨整个液晶布置结构,优选地,覆盖车窗玻璃的可能的透明部分。
此外,根据本发明的车窗玻璃的液晶单元可被分段并具有可切换的子单元。
在根据本发明的车窗玻璃的另一特定实施例中,液晶布置结构以这样的方式被配置:液晶布置结构的两个膜中的至少一个在背离液晶单元的一侧上设置有附加的基体层,附加的基体层机械地稳定液晶布置结构。附加的基体层能够减少甚至防止液晶布置结构的波动,继而降低缺陷风险。此外,附加的基体层能够防止湿气和氧气沿液晶单元的方向扩散。附加的基体层还能够用来减小根据本发明的车窗玻璃的层结构的各个层之间的热膨胀差异。
优选地,液晶布置结构的两个膜都在它们背离液晶单元的一侧上设置有附加的基体层。
附加的基体层可由任何合适的塑料材料制成。例如,其由聚乙烯和/或聚碳酸酯制成。
优选地,附加的基体层经由粘合层连接到液晶布置结构的各个膜,粘合层可包括诸如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)的交联材料。粘合层可由压敏粘合剂制成。热塑性聚胺酯也可被使用。
优选地,附加的基体层层压于各个膜之上。层压可在滚筒层压处理中进行。
根据本发明的车窗玻璃的一个特定实施例包括经由其边缘连接到或能够连接到光源的光导层。可在车窗玻璃的制造期间与液晶布置结构和可能的其他层一起在一个阶段的处理中被集成的光导层可构成针对所述车辆的内部的照明系统。特别是,光导层是所述车辆的被称之为环境照明系统的部分。也就是说,在这个实施例中,可切换的液晶布置结构的功能和表面照明系统、特别是环境照明系统的功能被组合。有利地,光导层和液晶布置结构可被单独且独立地控制、即以这样的方式可切换:液晶布置结构进入其透射状态或进入其阻断状态,而光导层照明或不照明。
当连接车窗玻璃的各个层时,处理参数对于液晶布置结构和光导层必须以这样的方式被调节:这两个层的粘合力和两个层的功能二者均得到保证。
在根据本发明的车窗玻璃的一个特定实施例中,光导层布置在液晶布置结构的背离车辆的周围的一侧上。这意味着光导层当被激活时从所述车辆的内部可见,而不管液晶布置结构的切换状态如何。
特别是,光导层可形成车窗玻璃的内部可见表面。
光导层可由任何合适的材料制成。特别是,光导层可包括平面的玻璃主体,这提供这样的好处:车窗玻璃的内侧上的附加的保护层可被省略。
在根据本发明的车窗玻璃的一个替代实施例中,光导层可包括塑料膜和/或塑料板。如果车窗玻璃将被重量优化,则这尤其有利。
为了能够提供具有特定的期望的照明特性的光导层,优选地,光导层包含散射中心,特别是,散射中心可通过纳米颗粒形成。特别是,散射中心在光导层中均匀分散。
在根据本发明的车窗玻璃的另一特定实施例中,光导层具有印记,例如,印记限定光图案或可用作反射层。
液晶布置结构也可具有反射层。
为保护光导层免受损坏,它可附加具有防刮涂层。
根据本发明的车窗玻璃能够基本上以不同方式制造。例如,车窗玻璃的各个层通过真空层压或高压灭菌连接,各个层的复合结构暴露于特定压力和特定温度下。特别是,以下粘合塑料膜可被用作纵向扩展补偿层:当加热时由于其热塑性或交联特性而与其他层、即与窗玻璃主体、液晶布置结构、偏光层和/或窗玻璃内主体形成复合结构。在特定的真空层压处理中,复合结构通过加热板从一侧被加热,复合结构经由通过隔膜分成两部分的腔室(chamber)中的压力差暴露于压力下。在高压釜室中制造的情况下,层压结构借助于循环空气从所有侧加热。可设定高达大约15巴尔的气压。
可选地,根据本发明的车窗玻璃可通过所谓的光学粘合被制造,其中,光学高透明且不黄变的粘合剂被用作纵向扩展补偿层。特别是,可使用具有高温稳定性并能够在以后被移除而不损坏的硅酮。聚胺酯、丙烯酸酯或环氧树酯也可被使用。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造车窗玻璃的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
准备由框架中的成堆叠结构的多个层构成的结构,所述结构包括:窗玻璃主体;液晶布置结构,其包括液晶单元和两个膜,液晶单元被布置在两个膜之间;纵向扩展补偿层,其位于液晶布置结构与窗玻璃主体之间,至少液晶布置结构和纵向扩展补偿层放置在框架中,框架限定它们相对彼此的位置;
将包括框架的所述结构引入真空袋中;
将真空袋抽空并向真空袋施加压力,以使所述结构的层变得相结合;
从真空袋移除复合的结构。
这样实现的所述方法使得能够干净并准确地将车窗玻璃的所述结构的层相结合,并且在没有更多处理步骤的情况下实现能够安装在所述车辆上的车窗玻璃。
为了改进和/或加速所述结构的各个层的结合,放置在真空袋中的所述结构被加热同时其被暴露于压力下。例如,加热所述结构的温度在50℃与150℃之间。施加到真空袋上的压力优选在1巴尔与20巴尔之间、特别是在1巴尔与12巴尔之间的范围内。这个过程可在高压釜室中被执行。
为了稳定框架,它可被压力板覆盖。压力板构成保证所述结构的各个层在结合处理期间保持它们的形状的辅助结构。
与根据本发明的车窗玻璃相对应,所述结构可具有窗玻璃内主体、偏光层和/或光导层。
如果光导层被集成在所述结构中,则可使用根据本发明的方法在一个阶段的处理中将液晶布置结构形式的可切换膜与光导层形式的面板照明系统二者集成在车窗玻璃中。
此外,两个膜中的至少一个可设置有机械地稳定液晶布置结构的附加的基体层。特别地,附加的基体层在所述结构被放置在框架中之前被层压于液晶布置结构的各个膜上。优选地,液晶布置结构的两个膜都设置有附加的基体层。
通过说明书、附图和权利要求,本发明的主题的其他优点和有利实施例是清楚的。
附图说明
根据本发明的车窗玻璃的实施例以示意性地简化的方式在附图中示出,并将在下面的描述中更详细地解释。
图1是根据本发明的具有车窗玻璃的车顶的俯视图;
图2a是穿过车窗玻璃的剖面,所述剖面示出了其层结构;
图2b是穿过车窗玻璃的一个替代实施例的剖面;
图3是穿过车窗玻璃的另一替代实施例的剖面,其中,车窗玻璃的另一替代实施例包括液晶布置结构和光导层;
图4a至图4e示出了图3的车窗玻璃的制造;
图5是根据本发明的穿过车窗玻璃的另一替代实施例的剖面;
图6a至图6e示出了图5的车窗玻璃的制造;
图7是穿过具有附加的基体层的液晶布置结构的示意性透视剖面;
图8示出了将附加的基体层应用于液晶布置结构。
具体实施方式
图1示出了机动车辆(未具体示出)的车顶10。车顶10是全景式天窗,车顶10设置有可移置的盖元件12和固定的顶元件14。它们均被实现为玻璃元件并因此被实现为车窗玻璃。盖元件12和固定的顶元件14均具有设置有遮蔽布置结构并在图2a中示出的相同的层结构。
均被实现为车窗玻璃的顶元件12和14均包括窗玻璃布置结构15,窗玻璃布置结构15具有由玻璃盘制成的窗玻璃主体16,玻璃盘沿车顶的纵向方向和横向方向弯曲,并且形成所述车窗玻璃的外表。在内侧,每个车窗玻璃包括也由弯曲的玻璃盘制成的窗玻璃内主体18。窗玻璃主体16和窗玻璃内主体18均具有大约2.1mm的厚度以及相应的三维曲率。
形成遮蔽布置结构的液晶布置结构20布置在窗玻璃主体16与窗玻璃内主体18之间,液晶布置结构20包括PET或聚碳酸酯的两个膜22和24,单个液晶单元26布置在膜22与膜24之间。这两个透明膜22和24均具有大约100μm的厚度。为了能够使液晶单元26在透射状态与阻断状态之间切换,在液晶布置结构20的膜22和24的内侧上集成导电层,导电层经由相应的接触件(未示出)而连接到所述车辆的车载电气系统。各个对正的层22和24优选地布置在导电层上,对正的层22和24限界液晶单元26。对正的层22和24用来在关闭状态下预对齐液晶单元26的液晶,并且可均由聚酰亚胺或UV固化丙烯酸酯制成。
液晶布置结构20经由具有粘合特性的纵向扩展补偿层28连接到窗玻璃主体16。在背离窗玻璃主体16的一侧上,偏光层32经由第二纵向扩展补偿层30连接到液晶布置结构20,偏光层32包括线偏光片,线偏光片的偏振方向与当液晶单元26处于阻断位置时的液晶单元26的偏振方向成直角。偏光层32经由另一纵向扩展补偿层34连接到窗玻璃内主体18。
均具有粘合特性并连接窗玻璃主体16、液晶布置结构20、偏光层32和窗玻璃内主体18的纵向扩展补偿层28、30和34均具有大约0.4mm的厚度并均由丙烯酸酯层、热塑性聚胺酯层、环氧树脂层、硅酮层或交联材料层、例如乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)层或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)层制成。此外,形成车窗玻璃的层复合结构包括边缘密封件36,边缘密封件36覆盖纵向扩展补偿层28、30和34的边缘以及液晶布置结构20的边缘和偏光层32的边缘,并被布置在玻璃主体16与玻璃内主体18之间。
图2b示出窗玻璃布置结构15,窗玻璃布置结构15基本上对应于图2a的窗玻璃布置结构,但不同之处在于偏光层32布置在玻璃主体16与液晶布置结构20之间。纵向扩展补偿层28、30和34布置在玻璃主体16与偏光层32之间、偏光层32与液晶布置结构20之间以及液晶布置结构20与窗玻璃内主体18之间。
图3示出了用于在图1中示出的类型的盖元件或固定的顶元件中使用的替代的窗玻璃布置结构15’。窗玻璃布置结构15’具有窗玻璃主体16,液晶布置结构20经由具有粘合特性的纵向扩展补偿层28连接到窗玻璃主体16的内侧。与图2的实施例一致,液晶布置结构20包括PET或聚碳酸酯的两个膜22和24,单个液晶单元26布置在膜22与膜24之间。同样地,导电层布置在膜22和24的内侧上,导电层经由相应的接触件(未示出)而可连接到所述车辆的车载电气系统。因此,液晶单元26能够在透射状态与阻断状态之间被来回切换。
在背离由单窗格安全玻璃制成的窗玻璃主体16的一侧上,液晶布置结构20设置有阻隔膜38,阻隔膜38防止湿气和氧气扩散进入液晶布置结构20中。
经由另一纵向扩展补偿层34’,光导层40连接到液晶布置结构20,光导层40由PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)的薄塑料板等制成,在光导层40中嵌入纳米颗粒以便产生散射中心。在内侧、即面向车辆内部的一侧上,光导层40附加地设置有防刮涂层(硬化涂层)42。
光导层40以这样的方式经由其外围边缘连接到光源41:光能够在光源41的相应的切换状态下耦合到光导层40中,并且光导层40因此能够用作所述车辆内部的照明设施。
纵向扩展补偿层28和34’以与图2的实施例的纵向扩展补偿层相同的方式实现。
此外,与图2的实施例类似,在图3的层结构中,偏光层可附加地布置在液晶布置结构20与光导层40之间。
从以上实施例清楚的是,图3中示出的层结构集成了两个功能,即:一方面,以可切换的液晶布置结构20与可能提供的偏光层的形式的遮蔽功能;另一方面,以光导层40的形式的照明功能。两个功能可被单独控制。
在图3中示出并且形成叠层结构的窗玻璃布置结构15’以如图4所示的以下方式制造。
首先,设置光导层40、设置有阻隔膜38和纵向扩展补偿层28和34’的液晶布置结构20(图4a),然后将光导层40、液晶布置结构20作为堆叠结构布置在框架44中并放置在窗玻璃主体16上。框架44由PTFE制成。此外,将压板46放置在布置于顶部并设置有防刮涂层42的光导层40上,使得在窗玻璃主体16上放置的各个层之间形成紧密连接(图4b)。然后,将框架44与包括窗玻璃主体16、纵向扩展补偿层28和34’、液晶布置结构20、光导层40以及压板46的层结构一起引入真空袋48(图4c)。
将真空袋48抽空并使真空袋48在腔室内经受增压P和增温T,使得层结构的层、即窗玻璃主体16、纵向扩展补偿层28、液晶布置结构20、纵向扩展补偿层34’和光导层40变得相结合(图4d)。随后,可从真空袋48移除复合窗玻璃布置结构15’并将复合窗玻璃布置结构15’从框架44脱模(图4e)。
图5示出用于在图1中示出的类型的盖元件或固定的顶元件中使用的窗玻璃布置结构15”的另一替代实施例。窗玻璃布置结构15”也包括窗玻璃主体16,液晶布置结构20经由具有粘合特性的纵向扩展补偿层28连接到窗玻璃主体16的内侧,液晶布置结构20根据图2和图5的实施例配置。此外,液晶布置结构20的背离窗玻璃主体16的一侧设置有阻隔膜38,阻隔膜38防止湿气和/或氧气沿着液晶布置结构20的方向扩散,阻隔膜38可由气相沉积氧化层构成。
光导层40’经由另一纵向扩展补偿层34’连接到液晶布置结构20,可被视为窗玻璃内主体的光导层40’由透明玻璃面板构成。光导层40’形成窗玻璃布置结构15”的内部可见表面。在背离其内部可见表面的一侧上,光导层40’设置有印刷图案52,印刷图案52支持光导层40’作为环境照明特征的效果。当安装时,光导层40’在其外围边缘处连接到至少一个光源41,光可借助于至少一个光源41被耦合到光导层40’中。
在图5中示出的实施例中,集成了两个功能,即:一方面,以可切换的液晶布置结构20与可能附加提供的偏光层的形式的遮蔽功能;另一方面,以连接到或能够连接到可切换的光源41的光导层40’的形式的照明功能。此外,两个功能都能够被独立地控制。
在图5中示出并且形成叠层结构的窗玻璃布置结构15”的制造基本上类似于图3的窗玻璃布置结构的制造(图4),并且在图6中示出。
在第一步骤中,设置纵向扩展补偿层28、具有阻隔膜38的液晶布置结构20、纵向扩展补偿层34以及由玻璃面板形成的预切割的光导层40’(图6a)。形成层结构的这些层一旦与窗玻璃主体16结合,然后就作为堆叠结构放置在窗玻璃主体16上的框架44中。框架44保持层结构的所述各个层的相对位置(6b)。然后,将窗玻璃主体16与容纳所述层的框架44一起引入真空袋(图6c),随后,将真空袋随后抽空并使真空袋经受增压和增温。这使得光导层40’、液晶布置结构20和窗玻璃主体16在一个处理步骤中变得相结合(图6d)。随后,可从真空袋48中移除完成的产品、即窗玻璃布置结构15”,并且在从框架44拆卸之后,能供天窗盖元件、固定的顶元件等使用(图6e).
图7示出在两侧均设置有附加的基体层的液晶布置结构20’,每个基体层由PET或聚碳酸酯构成并提供给液晶布置结构20’附加的刚度。附加的基体层50经由乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的粘合层54分别连接到液晶布置结构20’的膜22和24,粘合层54可以是压敏粘合剂(PSA)的形式。
如在图8中可以看到的,附加的基体层50可在滚筒层压处理中使用卷轴或滚筒56连接到液晶布置结构20’。液晶布置结构20’可与附加的基体层50一起替换图2、图3和图5的实施例中的各个液晶布置结构。
附图标记
10 车顶
12 盖元件
14 固定的顶元件
15、15’、15” 窗玻璃布置结构
16 窗玻璃主体
18 窗玻璃内主体
20 液晶布置结构
22 膜
24 膜
26 液晶单元
28 纵向扩展补偿层
30 纵向扩展补偿层
32 偏光层
34、34’ 纵向扩展补偿层
36 边缘密封件
38 阻断膜
40、40’ 光导层
41 光源
42 防刮涂层
44 框架
46 压板
48 真空袋
50 附加的基体层
52 印记
54 粘合层
56 卷轴
Claims (42)
1.一种车窗玻璃,所述车窗玻璃包括板状的窗玻璃主体(16),窗玻璃主体(16)具有面向车辆的周围的外侧和背离所述外侧的内侧,在窗玻璃主体(16)的内侧上布置有遮蔽布置结构,遮蔽布置结构由包括液晶单元(26)的液晶布置结构(20)形成,其中,液晶布置结构(20)包括两个膜(22、24),液晶单元(26)布置在所述两个膜(22、24)之间,并且液晶布置结构(20)经由至少一个第一纵向扩展补偿层(28)连接到窗玻璃主体(16),其中偏光层(32)布置在窗玻璃内主体(18)与液晶布置结构(20)之间或窗玻璃主体与液晶布置结构之间,偏光层(32)经由第二纵向扩展补偿层(30)连接到液晶布置结构(20),以及第一和第二纵向扩展补偿层补偿在窗玻璃主体与液晶布置结构之间产生的压力并且能够吸收液晶布置结构与偏光层之间的由于不同的热膨胀特性导致的压力,其中所述窗玻璃主体(16)和所述窗玻璃内主体(18)是弯曲的,所述第二纵向扩展补偿层(30)具有与液晶布置结构(20)的膜(22、24)的折射率对应的折射率,以及所述第一和第二纵向扩展补偿层具有粘合特性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第一纵向扩展补偿层(28)为丙烯酸酯层、热塑性聚氨酯层、环氧树脂层、硅酮层或交联材料层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第一纵向扩展补偿层(28)具有至少0.2mm的厚度。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任意一项所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,液晶布置结构(20)布置在窗玻璃主体(16)与窗玻璃内主体(18)之间。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,窗玻璃内主体(18)由薄玻璃制成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第二纵向扩展补偿层(30)由丙烯酸酯层、环氧树脂层、硅酮层或交联材料层制成。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第二纵向扩展补偿层(30)具有至少0.2mm的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1至3和 5至6中的任意一项所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第三纵向扩展补偿层(34)布置在窗玻璃内主体(18)与偏光层(32)之间或窗玻璃内主体与液晶布置结构之间。
9.根据权利要求8所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第三纵向扩展补偿层(34)为丙烯酸酯层、热塑性聚氨酯层、环氧树脂层、硅酮层或交联材料层。
10.根据权利要求8所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第三纵向扩展补偿层(34)具有至少0.2mm的厚度。
11.根据权利要求1至3、5至6和9至10中的任意一项所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述车窗玻璃包括边缘密封件(36),其至少覆盖液晶布置结构(20)和第一纵向扩展补偿层(28)的边缘,所述边缘密封件由丙烯酸酯层、热塑性聚氨酯层、环氧树脂层、硅酮层或交联材料层制成。
12.根据权利要求1至3、5至6和9至10中的任意一项所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,液晶布置结构(20)的两个膜(22、24)均通过PET膜或聚碳酸酯膜形成,所述PET膜或聚碳酸酯膜具有在50µm与250µm之间的厚度。
13.根据权利要求1至3、5至6和9至10中的任意一项所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,液晶布置结构(20)包括单个液晶单元(26)。
14.根据权利要求1至3、5至6和9至10中的任意一项所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,窗玻璃主体(16)具有三维弯曲特性。
15.根据权利要求1至3、5至6和9至10中的任意一项所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,窗玻璃主体(16)由玻璃或塑料制成。
16.根据权利要求1至3、5至6和9至10中的任意一项所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述车窗玻璃包括光导层(40、40’),其经由其边缘连接到或能够连接光源。
17.根据权利要求16所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,光导层(40、40’)布置在液晶布置结构(20)的背离车辆的周围的一侧上。
18.根据权利要求16所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,光导层(40、40’)形成车窗玻璃的内部可见表面。
19.根据权利要求16所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,光导层(40’)包括平的玻璃主体。
20.根据权利要求16所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,光导层(40)包括塑料膜和/或塑料板。
21.根据权利要求16所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,光导层(40)包含散射中心。
22.根据权利要求16所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,光导层(40’)具有印记(52)。
23.根据权利要求16所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,光导层(40)具有防刮涂层(42)。
24.根据权利要求1至3、5至6、9至10和17至23中的任意一项所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,液晶布置结构(20)的两个膜(22、24)中的至少一个在背离液晶单元(26)的一侧上设置有附加的基体层(50),附加的基体层(50)机械地稳定液晶布置结构(20)。
25.根据权利要求24所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,附加的基体层(50)包括聚乙烯层和/或聚碳酸酯层。
26.根据权利要求24所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,附加的基体层(50)经由粘合层(54)连接到液晶布置结构(20)的各个膜(22、24)。
27.根据权利要求25或26所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,附加的基体层(50)层压于各个膜(22、24)上。
28.根据权利要求2所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第一纵向扩展补偿层(28)为乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA层或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVB层。
29.根据权利要求3所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第一纵向扩展补偿层(28)具有至少0.4mm的厚度。
30.根据权利要求6所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第二纵向扩展补偿层(30)由热塑性聚氨酯层、或乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA层或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVB层制成。
31.根据权利要求7所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第二纵向扩展补偿层(30)具有至少0.4mm的厚度。
32.根据权利要求9所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第三纵向扩展补偿层(34)为乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA层或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVB层。
33.根据权利要求10所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,第三纵向扩展补偿层(34)具有至少0.4mm的厚度。
34.根据权利要求11所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,所述边缘密封件由乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物EVA层或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛PVB层制成。
35.根据权利要求21所述的车窗玻璃,其特征在于,光导层(40)包含由纳米颗粒形成的散射中心。
36.一种用于制造根据权利要求1-35之一所述的车窗玻璃的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:- 准备由成堆叠结构的多个层构成的结构,所述结构包括:窗玻璃主体(16);液晶布置结构(20),液晶布置结构是车窗玻璃的遮蔽装置,液晶布置结构包括液晶单元(26)和两个膜(22、24),液晶单元(26)布置在两个膜(22、24)之间;第一纵向扩展补偿层(28),其位于液晶布置结构(20)与窗玻璃主体(16)之间,至少液晶布置结构(20)和第一纵向扩展补偿层(28)放置在框架(44)中,框架(44)限定它们相对彼此的位置;- 将包括框架(44)的所述结构引入真空袋(48)中;- 将真空袋(48)抽空并向真空袋(48)施加压力,以使所述结构的层变得相结合;- 从真空袋(48)移除复合的结构,以及- 从真空袋移除复合的结构之后,框架从复合的结构脱模。
37.根据权利要求36所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述结构经受压力的同时加热所述结构。
38.根据权利要求36或37所述的方法,其特征在于,框架(44)中的所述结构覆盖有压力板(46)。
39.根据权利要求36或37所述的方法,其特征在于,所述结构包括窗玻璃内主体(18)。
40.根据权利要求36或37所述的方法,其特征在于,所述结构包括偏光层(32)。
41.根据权利要求36或37所述的方法,其特征在于:所述结构包括光导层(40、40’)。
42.根据权利要求36或37所述的方法,其特征在于,液晶布置结构(20)的两个膜(22、24)中的至少一个设置有机械地稳定液晶布置结构(20)的附加的基体层(50)。
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