CN119486879A - 生产复合玻璃板的方法 - Google Patents
生产复合玻璃板的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN119486879A CN119486879A CN202380051366.9A CN202380051366A CN119486879A CN 119486879 A CN119486879 A CN 119486879A CN 202380051366 A CN202380051366 A CN 202380051366A CN 119486879 A CN119486879 A CN 119486879A
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- Prior art keywords
- glass
- electro
- adhesive strip
- cavity
- adhesive
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及生产复合玻璃板(1)的方法,其包括以下步骤:a)提供第一堆叠序列(2),其包括第一玻璃板(3)、由塑料制成的层(4)和被由塑料制成的层状框架(6)包围的电光功能膜(5),b)通过在第一堆叠序列(2)上设置第二玻璃板(9)并在其间插入分离膜(8)的情况下形成第二堆叠序列(12),c)在热、真空和/或压力的作用下层压所述第二堆叠序列(12),d)从所述层压的第二堆叠序列(12)移除所述第二玻璃板(9)和所述分离膜(8),e)将粘性胶粘条(10)施加到所述第一堆叠序列(2)的层状框架(6)上,其中除了至少一个中断部(11)之外,所述胶粘条(10)连续环绕所述电光功能膜(5),f)将所述第二玻璃板(9)设置在所述粘性胶粘条(10)上,以使得在所述电光功能膜(5)和所述第二玻璃板(9)之间形成由所述胶粘条(10)界定的腔体(13),其中所述胶粘条(10)的所述至少一个中断部(11)形成所述腔体的开口(14),g)通过将光学透明胶粘剂(15)通过所述开口注入所述腔体(13)中填充所述腔体(13),h)使所述腔体(13)中的光学透明胶粘剂(15)固化。
Description
本发明属于玻璃板生产技术领域,涉及生产复合玻璃板的方法,特别是通过根据本发明的方法生产的复合玻璃板及其用途。
复合玻璃板通常由两个通常由玻璃制成的单玻璃板组成,它们通过至少一个由塑料制成的中间层彼此牢固地接合(层压)。现代的复合玻璃板,特别是机动车辆的挡风玻璃板,可在水平和/或垂直方向上具有复杂的曲率,以便满足汽车制造商的空气动力学要求和设计规范。它们还越来越多地包括可电控功能元件,这些功能元件为驾驶员和/或前排乘客显示信息、用作照明装置和/或可以改变玻璃板的光学透明度,例如以遮阳板的方式。特别地,玻璃板的光学透明度可以在大面积上切换,例如在顶玻璃板、后方侧玻璃板或分隔玻璃板中。电光功能膜形式的可电控功能元件有利地被层压到所述复合玻璃板中。特别地,具有基于液晶的功能层的电光功能膜(其基于所谓的“宾主”效应)标志着在应用中简单地以节省空间、成本有利和可靠的方式在复合玻璃板中实现电光切换功能的令人感兴趣的可能性。这里和下面,为简单起见,将基于“宾主”效应的具有基于液晶的功能层的电光功能膜称为“宾主膜”。
宾主膜通常包含向列液晶(主),其配备有添加剂(宾),其中例如使用各向异性吸收光的二色性染料分子作为添加剂。由于添加剂的分子具有细长的形式,它们的取向可以通过液晶分子(即主)的取向进行控制,这在实践中通过向液晶施加电场来实现。以此方式,例如所述宾主膜的光学透明度可以通过外部电场非常精确地控制。
迄今为止,还不可能通过工业中使用的传统层压方法将宾主膜引入复合玻璃板中。对此的原因在于,宾主膜迄今为止尚不能够集成到用于生产复合玻璃板的常规生产流程中。事实上,对于简单且成本有利地工业批量生产具有宾主膜的复合玻璃板来说,这代表了巨大的挑战。如实践所示,宾主膜由于其物理性质与液体相同,对由不均匀接触压力引起的机械载荷的反应非常敏感。在所述复合玻璃板的层压过程中和所述层压的复合玻璃板中接触压力的最小局部偏差已会导致所述宾主膜中出现局部光学缺陷,由此可能导致所述复合玻璃板变得无法使用。
然而,在弯曲的复合玻璃板的批量生产中不可避免的是,所述复合玻璃板的各个单玻璃板具有的形状并不是恰好精确匹配。相反,形状的轻微偏差总是在常见的尺寸公差范围内发生,这在层压过程中导致局部较高的压力载荷。在常规复合玻璃板的情况下,这不紧要,因为这些局部较高的压力载荷并不损害所述复合玻璃板的光学品质。反之,这些局部较高的压力载荷足以在宾主膜中产生不希望的局部光学缺陷(例如局部变色或颜色脱色或浑浊)。此外,在复合玻璃板的生产中,局部形状偏差或局部较高的压力载荷可能是完全希望的。
迄今为止,现有技术中还没有已知的用于层压复合玻璃板的方法,所述方法能够工业批量生产复合玻璃板,其具有集成到所述复合玻璃板中的宾主膜作为可用光学品质的电光功能元件。
WO2021/249801A1描述了生产具有集成的功能膜的复合玻璃板的方法,其中要避免所述功能膜上的压力载荷。在所述成品复合玻璃板中,所述功能膜层压在两个热塑性复合膜之间。
反之,本发明的目的是提供生产具有集成的宾主膜的复合玻璃板的改进方法,通过该方法可以在工业批量生产中生产具有高光学品质的复合玻璃板。特别地,该方法应可用于已有的生产设备,从而可以相对简单、成本有利和可靠地大量生产具有集成的宾主膜的复合玻璃板。
根据本发明的建议,这些和进一步的目的通过根据独立权利要求的生产具有集成的电光功能膜的复合玻璃板的方法来实现。本发明的有利实施方案来自从属权利要求。
根据本发明,示出了生产具有集成的电光功能膜的复合玻璃板,特别是复合玻璃质玻璃板的方法。所述电光功能膜集成到所述复合玻璃板中,即它位于所述复合玻璃板的两个单玻璃板之间。
所述生产复合玻璃板的方法包括以下步骤,它们优选但并非必须以所示的顺序(根据字母名称的顺序的步骤)进行:
步骤a)
提供或形成(非层压的)第一堆叠序列,该序列以下列顺序包括第一玻璃板、由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层和电光功能膜,该电光功能膜被由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层状框架包围。
步骤b)
通过在第一堆叠序列上设置第二玻璃板并在其间插入分离膜的情况下形成第二堆叠序列。所述由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层和被由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层状框架包围的所述电光功能膜以及所述分离膜位于所述两个玻璃板之间。所述分离膜位于被由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层状框架包围的所述电光功能膜和所述第二玻璃板之间。
步骤c)
在热、真空和/或压力对第二堆叠序列的作用下层压所述第二堆叠序列。在此方法步骤中,热、真空和/或压力作用于步骤b)中形成的第二堆叠序列,其中通过分离膜防止两个玻璃板的牢固接合。
步骤d)
从所述第二堆叠序列移除所述第二玻璃板和所述分离膜,其中所述第一堆叠序列保持为预复合物。
步骤e)
将粘性胶粘条施加到所述第一堆叠序列的层状框架上,其中除了至少一个中断部之外,所述胶粘条连续环绕电光功能膜。
步骤f)
将所述第二玻璃板以这样的方式设置在所述粘性胶粘条上,以使得在所述电光功能膜和所述第二玻璃板之间形成由所述胶粘条界定的腔体,其中所述胶粘条的所述至少一个中断部形成所述腔体的开口。
步骤g)
通过将可流动的光学透明胶粘剂通过所述开口注入所述腔体中填充所述腔体。
步骤h)
使所述腔体中的光学透明胶粘剂固化。
通过所述腔体中的光学透明胶粘剂的固化,生产具有两个牢固接合的玻璃板的复合玻璃板。
通过根据本发明的方法生产的复合玻璃板通常用于将内部空间与外部环境隔开。所述复合玻璃板包含具有外侧和内侧的第一玻璃板和具有内侧和外侧的第二玻璃板,它们彼此牢固接合。所述第一玻璃板也可以称为外玻璃板,所述第二玻璃板称为内玻璃板。两个单玻璃板的表面或面从外到内分别称为面I、面II、面III和面IV。例如,所述第一玻璃板是复合玻璃板的外玻璃板,所述第二玻璃板相应地是其内玻璃板。在安装状态下,所述外玻璃板面向外部环境。电光功能膜位于所述两个单玻璃板之间,即集成到所述复合玻璃板中。
在步骤a)中,将由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层设置在所述第一玻璃板与所述电光功能膜之间。由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层和由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层状框架可以各自作为优选热塑性的膜存在,其中所述电光功能膜设置在用于所述层状框架的优选热塑性的膜的切口中,以使得所述优选热塑性的膜以框架状的方式包围所述电光功能膜。由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层也优选地设置在所述第一玻璃板与由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层状框架之间。由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层和由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层状框架可以熔合在一起。在此情况下,层状框架也可以(至少在理论上)定义在所述电光功能膜周围。
所述层状框架以相框边的方式优选完全环绕地没有中断地,即完全地包围所述电光功能膜。所述框架为层状设计,即是由优选热塑性的材料制成的层,其以框架状方式包围着所述电光功能膜。由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层的尺寸被设计为使得它在面积方面至少覆盖所述电光功能膜(在穿过所述电光功能膜的垂直视图中)。优选地,由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层的尺寸被设计为使得它在面积方面覆盖所述电光功能膜和包围它的层状框架(在穿过所述电光功能膜和层状框架的垂直视图中)。
例如,所述由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层和所述由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层状框架在每种情况下通过至少一个优选热塑性的膜提供。所述电光功能膜在这里插入到用于所述层状框架的优选热塑性的膜的切口中。优选地,所述由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层状框架与所述电光功能膜具有相同的厚度,以使得所述电光功能膜相对于所述层状框架(在垂直于所述电光功能膜的方向上)不突出,也不后缩。优选地,所述电光功能膜与周围的层状框架一起的尺寸对应于所述由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层的尺寸。
在步骤b)中,所述第二堆叠序列通过在所述第一堆叠序列上设置所述第二玻璃板并在其间插入分离膜的情况下形成。所述分离膜,例如特氟隆膜(PTFE膜)放置在所述电光功能膜和由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层状框架上。所述分离膜设计为使得在步骤c)中层压之后,它以及由此所述第二玻璃板可以再次被移除。因此,所述分离膜优选不具有粘附性能,并且在层压后可以无损地被移除。所述第二堆叠序列由所述第一堆叠序列生成,即所述第一堆叠序列是所述第二堆叠序列的组成部分。所述第二堆叠序列通过在所述第一堆叠序列上设置第二玻璃板并在其间插入分离膜的情况下产生。
在步骤c)中,所述第二堆叠序列在热、真空和/或压力的作用下进行层压。
层压后,在步骤d)中,再次从所述第二堆叠序列移除所述分离膜和所述第二玻璃板,以使得所述第一堆叠序列保持层压形式(预复合物)。在所述预复合物中,所述电光功能膜固定在所述第一玻璃板上。此外,所述电光功能膜周围的层状框架和由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层在所述电光功能膜与所述第一玻璃板之间彼此接合。
在步骤e)中,所述粘性胶粘条被施加到包围所述电光功能膜的层状框架上。所述胶粘条是粘稠的,至少在安置所述第二玻璃板之前保持在施加位置,但并非形状稳定的,而是会因外部作用变形。
除了至少一个中断部外,所述胶粘条完全包围所述电光功能膜。
在步骤f)中,所述第二玻璃板安置在所述胶粘条上,所述胶粘条由于形状不稳定而在所述两个玻璃板之间变形。所述第二玻璃板以这样的方式安置,以使得在所述电光功能膜与所述第二玻璃板之间(以及任选地也在所述层状框架的区域与所述第二玻璃板之间)形成腔体。除了所述至少一个中断部外,所述胶粘条完全包围或界定所述腔体,该中断部在所述第二玻璃板安置在所述胶粘条上之后形成进入所述腔体的开口。
接下来,在步骤g)中,用可固化的光学透明胶粘剂填充步骤f)中形成的所述腔体,其中所述光学透明胶粘剂是液态的或可流动的,并通过所述开口引入所述腔体中。所述光学透明胶粘剂是可固化的,即它可以不可逆地变成固化状态。通常,它是通过固化变成聚合物交联状态的塑料。与可以通过供应热而软化并且也变成可流动状态的热塑性塑料不同,所述光学透明胶粘剂一旦曾经固化就不能再变成可流动状态。因此,所述光学透明胶粘剂不是不可固化的热塑性塑料。
最后,在步骤h)中使该腔体中的所述光学透明胶粘剂固化,以生产所述复合玻璃板。所述光学透明胶粘剂可以通过加热、电磁辐射,优选紫外辐射的作用,和/或化学方式固化。所述固化优选通过供应热或通过温度升高和/或紫外辐射进行。
本发明有利地示出了最小化或甚至完全避免所述电光功能膜上的不均匀接触压力的途径。为此,所述电光功能膜没有层压在两个热塑性膜之间,所述两个热塑性膜至少不能充分地吸收局部载荷峰值,而是仅通过热塑性中间层固定在所述第一玻璃板上。通过由胶粘条界定的用可固化胶粘剂填充的腔体,所述两个玻璃板可以彼此牢固地接合,其中避免了所述电光功能膜上的机械载荷,并因此避免了所述光电功能膜中光学缺陷的发生。在所述光学透明胶粘剂固化后,所述复合玻璃板的两个玻璃板永久牢固地彼此接合。与常见的层压方法不同,在根据本发明的方法中避免了所述电光功能膜上的不均匀接触压力,并将所述电光功能膜中发生局部缺陷的风险最小化。这是本发明的主要优点。
所述粘性胶粘条优选通过挤出施加到所述层状框架上。为此,特别可以使用具有注射头的由程序技术控制的机器人手臂。有利地,所述粘性胶粘条由热塑性塑料,例如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)组成,其通过加热(例如加热到约220℃)变成粘性状态,因此可以以简单的方式施加到包围所述电光功能膜的层状框架上。或者,所述胶粘条也可以由热固性塑料,例如聚氨酯组成。
在根据本发明方法的一个有利实施方案中,在步骤g)之后,即在所述腔体用所述光学透明胶粘剂填充之后,特别是在步骤h)之后,即在所述光学透明胶粘剂固化之后,腔体的所述至少一个开口封闭。例如,为此使用热塑性塑料,优选与已用于所述胶粘条相同的热塑性塑料。然而,为此也可使用本领域技术人员已知的其它合适材料。该措施具有的优点是所述腔体完全密封。
在根据本发明方法的另一有利实施方案中,在步骤e)中形成所述胶粘条的至少两个,特别是恰好两个中断部,这些中断部在步骤f)中形成所述腔体的至少两个,特别是恰好两个开口。该措施具有的特别优点是,当所述腔体用所述可流动的光学透明胶粘剂填充时,空气可以通过所述至少一个其它开口从腔体中逸出。所述腔体由此可以有利地可靠且安全地完全填充。
在根据本发明的方法中,所述第二玻璃板安置在所述胶粘条上,在此情况下设置在与所述第一堆叠序列或所述第一玻璃板(自由选择)限定的距离处。由于所述胶粘条的粘性(非形状稳定的)性质,这是完全可能的。所述粘性胶粘条通过形状改变而屈从,即所述胶粘条在所述第一堆叠序列与所述第二玻璃板之间变形。在根据本发明的方法的一个有利实施方案中,所述第一堆叠序列或第一玻璃板与所述第二玻璃板之间的距离通过至少一个间隔件设定。这具有的特别优点是,可以非常精确地设定所述两个玻璃板之间的距离。
原则上,包围所述电光功能膜的层状框架上的所述粘性胶粘条的设置和走向是可自由选择的,只要确保除了至少一个中断部外,所述胶粘条完全包围所述电光功能膜。所述粘性胶粘条优选在与所述第一玻璃板的边缘区域对应的区域(在穿过所述第一玻璃板的垂直视图中)或者在所述层状框架的边缘区域中施加到所述层状框架上。
所述第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板各自具有两个表面(主表面)(它们被规定用于透视并且特别是基本上彼此平行地设置)以及在它们之间延伸的(环绕)边缘面或端面。所述第一玻璃板的上述“边缘区域”应理解为是指(在穿过所述第一玻璃板的垂直视图中)所述第一玻璃板的每个主表面的(环绕)区域,该区域从环绕的边缘面或端面开始朝所述玻璃板内部的方向延伸,其中所述边缘区域垂直于所述边缘面或端面的尺寸例如>0cm至最大20cm,特别是最大10cm。所述边缘区域在任何情况下都设置在边缘位置,即直接邻接边缘面或端面。例如,所述边缘区域设计为相同尺寸的环绕条带的形式。
所述胶粘条的体积的尺寸优选地被设计为使得当所述第二玻璃板设置在所述胶粘条上时,所述胶粘条在所述第一玻璃板与第二玻璃板之间被部分压出。然后移除所述胶粘条的突出部分,其具有的优点是可以以简单的方式使所述复合玻璃板的边缘变得在美学上吸引人。
所述电光功能膜原则上可以是任意设计。可电切换或可电控功能膜例如是SPD(悬浮颗粒装置)、PDLC(聚合物分散液晶)、电致变色或电致发光功能膜,并且本身是本领域技术人员已知的。所述功能膜也可以是聚合物导电层,其例如含有至少一种共轭聚合物或配备有导电颗粒的聚合物。通常,所述功能膜含有具有功能层的载体膜。所述载体膜优选含有聚合物,特别是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)或其组合。
在具有由包含嵌入的添加剂的液晶材料制成的功能层的宾主膜的情况下,根据本发明的方法是特别有利的。参考上述关于宾主膜的陈述。宾主膜本身是本领域技术人员众所周知的,因此这里没有必要更详细地讨论。宾主膜可商购,例如以“光控膜”(光控膜)的名称,例如从日本Dai Nippon Printing Co.,Ltd.以产品名称LCF005(EU)购得。所述电光功能膜优选为包含嵌入的添加剂的液晶基功能膜,即宾主膜。
原则上可以任意选择所述可固化的光学透明(透明)胶粘剂,前提是在非固化状态下,它是或可以变成可流动的或液态的(例如通过温度升高),并且可以不可逆地固化。所述透明胶粘剂例如基于硅酮。光学透明胶粘剂以缩写OCA(光学透明胶粘剂)而闻名,其中对于液体光学透明胶粘剂,特别使用缩写LOCA(液体光学透明胶粘剂)。光学透明胶粘剂的特征在于高的光学品质,主要用于其中要求准隐形胶粘剂层的地方,例如显示器或触摸面板。光学透明胶粘剂因此经常用于触敏显示器,例如以将其与LCD显示器牢固接合,或者甚至将塑料罩与触敏显示器牢固接合。施加之后,所述LOCA经常通过紫外辐射固化。光学透明胶粘剂可从很多供应商处自由商购可得。
所述可固化的光学透明胶粘剂可以例如含有聚氨酯(PU)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙酸酯树脂、浇铸树脂、硅酮或其共聚物或混合物,或由它们组成。所述光学透明胶粘剂有利地含有浇铸树脂,特别是基于聚氨酯或硅酮的浇铸树脂,或由它们组成。
根据所使用的胶粘剂,所述光学透明胶粘剂的固化可以通过热固化(即供应热)、通过电磁辐射,特别是紫外辐射、红外辐射或微波辐射、通过超声波、通过水分供应或通过各种组分(特别是双组分胶粘剂)的化学反应来实现。在许多固化工艺中,用于所述液体光学透明胶粘剂固化所需的时间会受到温度影响。特别地,固化可以通过供应热被加速。相反,固化可以通过冷却被减缓。所述固化时间可以例如通过加热或冷却所述液体光学透明胶粘剂进行控制。
所述复合玻璃板的每个单玻璃板(即第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板)包含玻璃,特别优选平板玻璃、浮法玻璃、石英玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、钠钙玻璃、铝硅酸盐玻璃,或透明塑料,优选硬质透明塑料,特别是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氯乙烯和/或其混合物,或优选由它们组成。特别优选地,每个玻璃板包含玻璃,特别是钠钙玻璃,或由其组成。合适的玻璃例如由EP0847965B1已知。
所述复合玻璃板的每个单玻璃板的厚度可以宽泛地变化并根据具体情况的要求进行调整。优选地,使用具有标准厚度为1.0mm至25mm,优选1.4mm至2.1mm的玻璃板。所述玻璃板的大小可以宽泛地变化并且取决于用途。
所述复合玻璃板可以具有任意三维形状,并且可以是平坦的,或者在空间的一个方向或多个方向上略微或强烈弯曲。所述复合玻璃板优选具有曲率,因为根据本发明的方法可以特别有利地用于弯曲的复合玻璃板。应当理解的是,所述复合玻璃板的两个单玻璃板以相应的方式精确匹配地弯曲。与常规一样,所述两个单玻璃板在层压之前通常没有恰好(一致)的适配,而是存在生产公差范围内的形状不精确性。
所述由塑料制成的层和层状框架包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)和/或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)或优选地由它们组成。例如,所述层和所述层状框架由热塑性塑料组成。所述塑料可以由一个或多个彼此叠置的膜,特别是热塑性膜形成,其中膜的厚度优选为0.25mm至1mm,通常为0.38mm或0.76mm。
在本发明的意义上,“透明”是指所述复合玻璃板的总透射率符合欧盟对挡风玻璃板和前方侧玻璃板的法律规定,并优选对可见光具有超过70%,特别是超过75%的透射率。对于后方侧玻璃板、顶玻璃板和后玻璃板,“透明”也可是指10%至70%的透光率。因此,“不透明”是指小于15%,优选小于5%,特别是0%的透光率。
在根据本发明的方法中,所述第二堆叠序列在热和/或压力的作用下以及任选地通过抽真空进行层压。可以使用本身已知的用于生产复合玻璃板的方法。例如,所谓的高压釜法可以在约1巴至15巴的高压和100℃至145℃的温度下进行约2小时。例如,本身已知的真空袋或真空环方法在约200毫巴和130℃至145℃下运行。此外,所述第二堆叠序列也可以在压延机中在至少一个辊对之间进行压制。用于生产复合玻璃板的此类设备是已知的,并且通常在压制单元的上游具有至少一个加热通道。压制过程中的温度为例如40℃至150℃。压延和高压釜方法的组合在实践中被证明特别成功。替代地可以使用真空层压机。这些由一个或多个可加热和可抽真空的腔室组成,在所述腔室中所述第一玻璃板和所述第二玻璃板可以在0.01毫巴至800毫巴的减压和80℃至170℃的温度下在例如约60分钟内层压。
本发明进一步延伸到复合玻璃板,其特别是通过根据本发明的方法生产(获得)。所述复合玻璃板优选地通过根据本发明的方法生产。所述复合玻璃板包含第一玻璃板、由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层、被由优选热塑性的塑料制成的层状框架包围的电光功能膜、所述层状框架上的胶粘条和第二玻璃板,其中所述胶粘条界定所述可电切换膜和所述第二玻璃板之间的腔体,所述腔体由固化的光学透明胶粘剂填充。
本发明进一步延伸到根据本发明的复合玻璃板在建筑物上或陆地、空中或水上交通运输工具中,特别是机动车辆中,例如作为挡风玻璃板、后玻璃板、侧玻璃板和/或顶玻璃板的用途。根据本发明优选是所述复合玻璃板在机动车辆中,特别优选作为顶玻璃板的用途。
本发明的各种实施方案可以单独或以任意组合的方式实现。特别地,上述和下文进一步解释的特征不仅可以以所示的组合使用,而且还可以以其它组合的方式或单独使用,而不偏离本发明的范围。
下面参照实施例更详细地解释本发明,其中参考附图。在简化而不按比例的图示中:
图1显示了第一堆叠序列的横截面图,
图2显示了具有所述第一堆叠序列的层状框架的电光功能膜的俯视图,
图3显示了说明第二堆叠序列的横截面图,
图4显示了具有胶粘条的横截面图,
图5显示了具有层状框架和胶粘条的电光功能膜的俯视图,
图6显示了横截面图,其中在图4的胶粘条上安置了另一玻璃板,
图7显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板的横截面图,
图8显示了说明根据本发明的方法的流程图。
参照图1至图7,示例性解释了根据本发明的生产复合玻璃板的方法和根据本发明的复合玻璃板。首先考虑图1和2。图1以简化的示意图示出了用于根据本发明的复合玻璃板1的生产中的第一堆叠序列2的实施例的横截面图。所述第一堆叠序列2的俯视图示于图2中。图1的横截面图对应于图2中所示的切割线A-A。
所述第一堆叠序列2包含第一玻璃板3,其例如是所述复合玻璃板1的外玻璃板。在所述第一玻璃板3的内表面(面II)上,这里例如通过将由热塑性材料制成的膜设置在面II上来设置由热塑性材料制成的层4。电光功能膜5设置在由热塑性材料制成的层4上。如特别在图2的俯视图中可以清楚地看到,所述电光功能膜5被由热塑性材料制成的层状框架6包围。为此,提供了由热塑性材料制成的膜,其中已引入切口7,其中所述电光功能膜5插入所述切口7中,以使得所述膜的剩余部分完全包围所述电光功能膜5。这里,所述切口7例如被引入到所述膜中心。由热塑性材料制成的框架6的厚度(即垂直于所述第一堆叠序列2的尺寸)与所述电光功能膜5的厚度是相同的,以使得所述电光功能膜5相对于由热塑性材料制成的框架6不突出或不后缩。
如图3所示,第二堆叠序列12由所述第一堆叠序列2形成。为此,将分离膜8(例如PTFE膜)放置在具有由热塑性材料制成的环绕框架6的电光功能膜5上。然后将所述第二玻璃板9放置在所述分离膜8上。然后所述第二堆叠序列12在热、真空和/或压力下进行层压。所述分离膜8防止第二玻璃板9的粘附,从而在层压后,所述第二玻璃板9与分离膜8一起可以从具有由热塑性材料制成的环绕框架6的电光功能膜5上移除,并且所述层压的第一堆叠序列2保留作为用于生产复合玻璃板1的预复合物。所述分离膜8并非所述复合玻璃板1的部分。在层压过程中,所述电光功能膜5固定到所述第一玻璃板3上。在此情况下,由热塑性材料制成的层4和所述电光功能膜5的由热塑性材料制成的环绕框架6熔合在一起。在层压之后,所述分离膜8和第二玻璃板9再次从所述第一层堆叠体2移除。
如图4所示,在下一步骤中,将粘性胶粘条10施加到所述第一堆叠序列2上。具体而言,所述粘性胶粘条10被施加在由热塑性材料制成的框架6的区域中。所述粘性胶粘条10可以手动施加,其中所述粘性胶粘条10优选地通过程序控制的机器人手臂以自动方式施加。所述胶粘条10例如通过挤出施加到由热塑性材料制成的框架6上。有利地,所述胶粘条10由热塑性材料,例如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)组成,其被加热(例如至约200℃)以实现高粘性能(粘稠性)并能够轻松施加。或者,例如也可以使用热固性体系,例如交联聚氨酯树脂。
如图5的俯视图示例地所示并可良好看出,在穿过所述第一堆叠序列2的垂直视图中,所述胶粘条10设置在框架6的与所述第一玻璃板3的边缘区域对应的区域中。所述胶粘条10这里例如设置在由热塑性材料制成的框架6的大致居中。除了所述胶粘条10的两个中断部11外,所述胶粘条10完全包围所述电光功能膜5。两个中断部11的数量应作为示例理解。更多或更少数量的中断部11也是可能的。
如图6所示,在下一步骤中,所述第二玻璃板9安置在所述粘性胶粘条10上,并且与所述第一堆叠序列2的距离以及由此与所述第一玻璃板3的距离自由选择地设定。至关重要的是,所述胶粘条10保持其高粘性能,直到安置所述第二玻璃板9,从而可以通过所述胶粘条10的变形以所需的方式设定两个玻璃板3、9之间的距离。为此目的,所述胶粘条10(这里例如由热塑性材料组成)被加热到这样的温度,以使得维持高粘性能,直到安置所述第二玻璃板9。还可以设想对所述胶粘条10进一步或持续加热。因此,所述胶粘条10的粘度设定为使得所述胶粘条10可以良好地施加,并且能够通过形状改变来安置所述第二玻璃板9。另一方面,所述胶粘条10的粘度设定为使得其不可流动,并且至少在安置所述第二玻璃板9之前保持在施加位置。
所述胶粘条10的量优选安排为使得当安置所述第二玻璃板9并调节与所述第一玻璃板3的距离时,所述胶粘条10在所述两个玻璃板3、9之间被部分挤出。通过移除所述胶粘条10的突出部分,可以以简单的方式使所述复合玻璃板的边缘变得在美学上吸引人。如图6所示,通过将第二玻璃板9安置在所述胶粘条10上,产生用于生产所述复合玻璃板1的第二堆叠序列12。
在所述第二堆叠序列12中,所述第二玻璃板9设置在与所述第一堆叠序列2或第一玻璃板3的特定距离处,其中在具有由热塑性材料制成的框架6的电光功能膜5与第二玻璃板9之间存在非零的距离,从而产生腔体13。所述腔体13由具有由热塑性材料制成的框架6的电光功能膜5、胶粘条10和第二玻璃板9界定。所述胶粘条10的两个中断部11形成进入所述腔体13的开口14,所述腔体13否则是封闭的。在图6中,所述两个开口14没有更详细地显示,这是不必要的,因为所述开口14如何由所述胶粘条10的中断部11产生是很清楚的。
如图7所示,所述腔体13随后用可流动的光学透明胶粘剂15填充,其中用所述光学透明胶粘剂通过两个开口14中的一个填充到所述腔体13中,而空气可以从所述两个开口中的另一个逸出。结果,所述腔体13可以完全用所述光学透明胶粘剂15填充。然后,所述光学透明胶粘剂15例如通过热和/或紫外辐射在所述腔体13中固化,以使得所述复合玻璃板1的两个玻璃板3、9彼此牢固地接合。此外,所述电光功能膜5牢固地与所述两个玻璃板3、9牢固地接合。
图7示例性显示了根据本发明的复合玻璃板1。其以下列顺序包含所述第一玻璃板3、由热塑性塑料制成的层4、被由热塑性塑料制成的层状框架6包围的电光功能膜5、所述层状框架6上的胶粘条10和所述第二玻璃板9。所述胶粘条10包围所述可电切换膜5与所述第二玻璃板9之间的腔体13,该腔体用固化的光学透明胶粘剂15填充。
所述复合玻璃板1可以安装在建筑物或机动车辆中,将内部空间与外部环境隔开。所述复合玻璃板1例如是机动车辆的顶玻璃板。所述第一玻璃板3和第二玻璃板9各自由玻璃,优选钠钙玻璃组成,并且对可见光是透明的。所述复合玻璃板1中使用的塑料优选由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)和/或聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)组成。
所述第一玻璃板3的外表面I面向外部环境,同时也是所述复合玻璃板1的外表面。所述第一玻璃板3的内表面II和所述第二玻璃板9的外表面III各自面向所述电光功能膜5。所述第二玻璃板9的内表面IV面向建筑物或车辆内部空间,同时是所述复合玻璃板1的内表面。应当理解的是,所述复合玻璃板1可以具有各种任意合适的几何形状和/或曲率。作为挡风玻璃板,所述复合玻璃板1通常具有凸曲率。优选地,集成到所述复合玻璃板1中的电光功能膜5是如上所述的宾主膜。
有利的是,在所述光学透明胶粘剂15填充到所述腔体13中之后,例如用与用于胶粘条10的相同热塑性塑料封闭所述两个开口14。
此外有利的是,所述第二玻璃板9与所述第一堆叠序列2之间或所述第二玻璃板9与所述第一玻璃板3之间的距离通过一个或多个间隔件精确设定。这在实施例中没有更详细地示出,这是不必要的,因为本领域技术人员可以以简单的方式实施。所使用的光学透明胶粘剂15例如是基于丙烯酸酯或聚氨酯的可固化的浇铸树脂。
图8基于流程图再次说明了根据本发明的方法。它包括下列顺序的以下步骤:
a)提供第一堆叠序列2,其包括第一玻璃板3、由热塑性塑料制成的层4和被由热塑性塑料制成的层状框架6包围的电光功能膜5,
b)通过在第一堆叠序列2上设置第二玻璃板9并在其间插入分离膜8的情况下形成第二堆叠序列12,
c)在热、真空和/或压力的作用下层压所述第二堆叠序列12,
d)从所述层压的第二堆叠序列12移除所述第二玻璃板9和分离膜8,
e)将粘性胶粘条10施加到所述第一堆叠序列2的层状框架6上,其中除了至少一个中断部11之外,所述胶粘条10连续环绕电光功能膜5,
f)将所述第二玻璃板9设置在所述粘性胶粘条10上,以使得在所述电光功能膜5和所述第二玻璃板9之间形成由所述胶粘条10界定的腔体13,其中所述胶粘条10的所述至少一个中断部11形成所述腔体13的开口14,
g)通过将光学透明胶粘剂15通过所述开口注入所述腔体13中填充所述腔体13,
h)使所述腔体13中的光学透明胶粘剂15固化。
从上述陈述得出,本发明提供了生产具有集成的电光功能膜的复合玻璃板的改进方法。避免了在层压过程中对所述两个玻璃板之间的电光功能膜施加压力,这是与传统层压方法相伴随的。通过用可固化的光学透明胶粘剂填充所述腔体来实现所述两个玻璃板的牢固接合。根据本发明的方法可以以简单的方式在复合玻璃板的工业批量生产中实施。具有集成的电光功能膜的复合玻璃板可以简单、成本有利地生产并且具有高的光学品质。
附图标记列表:
1复合玻璃板
2第一堆叠序列
3第一玻璃板
4由热塑性材料制成的层
5电光功能膜
6由热塑性材料制成的框架
7切口
8分离膜
9第二玻璃板
10胶粘条
11中断部
12第二堆叠序列
13腔体
14开口
15光学透明胶粘剂
Claims (14)
1.生产复合玻璃板(1)的方法,其包括以下步骤:
a)提供第一堆叠序列(2),其包括第一玻璃板(3)、由塑料制成的层(4)和被由塑料制成的层状框架(6)包围的电光功能膜(5),
b)通过在第一堆叠序列(2)上设置第二玻璃板(9)并在其间插入分离膜(8)的情况下形成第二堆叠序列(12),
c)在热、真空和/或压力的作用下层压所述第二堆叠序列(12),
d)从所述层压的第二堆叠序列(12)移除所述第二玻璃板(9)和所述分离膜(8),
e)将粘性胶粘条(10)施加到所述第一堆叠序列(2)的层状框架(6)上,其中除了至少一个中断部(11)之外,所述胶粘条(10)连续环绕电光功能膜(5),
f)将所述第二玻璃板(9)设置在所述粘性胶粘条(10)上,以使得在所述电光功能膜(5)和所述第二玻璃板(9)之间形成由所述胶粘条(10)界定的腔体(13),其中所述胶粘条(10)的所述至少一个中断部(11)形成所述腔体的开口(14),
g)通过将光学透明胶粘剂(15)通过所述开口注入所述腔体(13)中填充所述腔体(13),
h)使所述腔体(13)中的光学透明胶粘剂(15)固化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一个开口(14)封闭,特别是通过热塑性塑料封闭。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中提供所述粘性胶粘条(10)的至少两个,特别是恰好两个中断部(11),其形成腔体(13)的至少二个,特别恰好两个开口(14)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一堆叠序列(2)与所述第二玻璃板(9)之间的距离通过至少一个间隔件设定。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述粘性胶粘条(10)通过挤出施加到所述层状框架(6)上。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中在穿过第一堆叠序列(2)的垂直视图中,所述粘性胶粘条(10)被施加在所述第一玻璃板(3)的边缘区域中的层状框架(6)上。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述粘性胶粘条(10)的尺寸设计为使得当所述第二玻璃板(9)设置在所述胶粘条(10)上时,所述胶粘条(10)在所述第一堆叠序列(2)和第二玻璃板(9)之间被部分压出。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其中所述光学透明胶粘剂(15)通过热、电磁辐射的作用和/或化学方式固化。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其中所述电光功能膜(5)包含具有功能层的宾主膜,所述功能层由包含嵌入的添加剂的液晶材料制成。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述第一玻璃板(3)和/或所述第二玻璃板(9)由玻璃,特别是钠钙玻璃组成。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述粘性胶粘条(10)包含热塑性塑料,特别是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB),或热固性塑料,特别是聚氨酯,或者由它们组成。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法,其中所述光学透明胶粘剂(15)含有浇铸树脂,特别是基于丙烯酸酯或硅酮的浇铸树脂,或由它们组成。
13.复合玻璃板(1),其特别地通过根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法获得,其以下列顺序包括:
-第一玻璃板(3),
-由塑料制成的层(4),
-电光功能膜(5),其被由塑料制成的层状框架(6)包围,
-在层状框架(6)上的胶粘条(10),
-第二玻璃板(9),
其中所述腔体(13)由所述电光功能膜(5)、所述第二玻璃板(9)和所述胶粘条(10)界定,该腔体用固化的光学透明胶粘剂(15)填充。
14.根据权利要求13所述的复合玻璃板(1)在建筑物上或陆地、空中或水上交通运输工具中,特别是机动车辆中,例如作为挡风玻璃板、后玻璃板、侧玻璃板和/或顶玻璃板的用途。
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