CN110758715A - Deformable wing based on shape memory alloy driving - Google Patents

Abstract

A shape memory alloy-driven deformable wing. It includes wing spar, wing rib, front wall, rear wall, stringer, flexible skin and driving device; the driving device includes rigid box, slider, conversion mechanism, shape memory alloy wire, gas spring, first connecting rod, The second connecting rod, the third connecting rod, the heating resistance wire and the electrical isolation protective cover. The deformable airfoil driven by the shape memory alloy provided by the present invention realizes the quantitative change of the shape of the airfoil by controlling the temperature of the shape memory alloy wire, so that the airfoil obtains different lift-to-drag ratios. The structure of the deformable airfoil is relatively simple, and at the same time, the shape of the airfoil can be changed intelligently through the introduction of the shape memory alloy material, so that the airfoil can obtain higher aerodynamic performance.

Description

A shape memory alloy-driven deformable wing

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace equipment, in particular to a shape memory alloy (SMA)-driven deformable wing.

Background technique

The airfoil of the aircraft wing designed by the traditional method can only have good aerodynamic performance in a certain fixed flight state, but cannot maintain good aerodynamic performance throughout the entire flight process. In order to optimize the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil under various flight conditions, the design of the deformable airfoil emerges as the times require, which can change the shape of the airfoil under different flight conditions to obtain better aerodynamic performance. Deformable airfoils need to be easy to control deformation, but also have high controllability and stability, which is very challenging for the current wing design and manufacturing technology. But so far no deformable wings driven by shape memory alloys have been reported.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a shape memory alloy-driven deformable airfoil.

In order to achieve the above object, the deformable wing driven by shape memory alloy provided by the present invention includes: a spar, a wing rib, a front wall, a rear wall, a stringer, a flexible skin and a driving device; wherein, the two wing ribs are The vertical way is symmetrical and parallel, and the middle of the inner side of each rib is provided with a groove along the vertical direction; the two stringers are arranged in parallel up and down. A boss in the groove on the rib, so the stringer can move up and down along the groove; the spar, front wall and rear wall are all long strip plates, arranged vertically, and the two ends are respectively connected to the two ribs on the stringer One side, the front and rear parts of the rib; the flexible skin covers the outside of the upper and lower ends of the spar, front and rear walls, and the inner surface is connected to the outer surfaces of the two stringers; the drive device includes a rigid box body, slider, conversion mechanism, shape memory alloy wire, gas spring, first connecting rod, second connecting rod, third connecting rod, heating resistance wire and electrical isolation protective cover; wherein, the rigid box is a cuboid structure, It is set between two stringers, one side is fixed on the side of the wing spar close to the stringer, and an opening is formed on the top surface and the bottom side of the rigid box; the slider is arranged on the side of the rigid box. The inner middle part; the shape memory alloy wire and the gas spring are arranged in parallel, and the two ends are respectively fixed on the inner end surface of the rigid box away from the hole and one side of the slider; the conversion mechanism is arranged in the rigid box and is located between the openings on the top and bottom surfaces. The two ends are respectively arranged on the two sides of the rigid box in a rotatable manner; the two ends of the first link are hinged on the other side of the slider and the middle edge of the conversion mechanism respectively; the second link One end of the connecting rod and the third connecting rod are respectively hinged on the two side edges of the conversion mechanism, and the other end is hinged on the two stringers after passing through the openings on the top and bottom surfaces of the rigid box respectively; the heating resistance wire is wound around the shape memory The surface of the alloy wire, and the two ends are connected with the on-board power supply; the electrical isolation protective cover is made of flexible insulating material and wraps the outside of the heating resistance wire.

The second connecting rod and the third connecting rod have the same structure and size.

The heating resistance wire is evenly wound on the surface of the shape memory alloy wire.

The shape memory alloy wire is made of a shape memory alloy material with two-way memory effect.

The flexible skin includes a flexible skin disposed on the upper surface of the wing and a flexible skin on the lower surface of the wing.

The deformable airfoil driven by the shape memory alloy provided by the present invention realizes the quantitative change of the shape of the airfoil by controlling the temperature of the shape memory alloy wire, so that the airfoil obtains different lift-to-drag ratios. The structure of the deformable airfoil is relatively simple, and at the same time, the shape of the airfoil can be changed intelligently through the introduction of the shape memory alloy material, so that the airfoil can obtain higher aerodynamic performance.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shape memory alloy-driven deformable airfoil provided by the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving device in a deformable wing driven by a shape memory alloy provided by the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the conversion mechanism in the deformable wing driven by the shape memory alloy provided by the present invention.

4 is a schematic structural diagram of the shape memory alloy wire, the heating resistance wire and the electrical isolation protective cover in the shape memory alloy driven deformable wing provided by the present invention.

Detailed ways

The deformable airfoil driven by the shape memory alloy provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 , the deformable wing driven by shape memory alloy provided by the present invention includes: spar 1, rib 2, front wall 3, rear wall 4, stringer 5, flexible skin 6 and Drive device 7; wherein, the two ribs 2 are symmetrically and parallel arranged in a vertical manner, and a groove 10 is arranged in the middle of the inner side of each rib 2 along the vertical direction; two stringers 5 are arranged in parallel up and down, each Both ends of the stringer 5 are respectively formed with a boss 9 that can be inserted into the groove 10 on the rib 2, so the stringer 5 can move up and down along the groove 10; the spar 1, the front wall 3 and the rear wall 4 are long strip-shaped plates, arranged vertically, and the two ends are respectively connected to the two rib 2 on one side of the stringer 5, the front part and the rear part of the rib 2; the flexible skin 6 covers the spar 1 , the upper and lower ends of the front wall 3 and the rear wall 4 are outside, and the inner surface is connected with the outer surfaces of the two stringers 5; the driving device 7 includes a rigid box 8, a slider 11, a conversion mechanism 12, a shape memory alloy wire 13, The gas spring 14, the first connecting rod 15, the second connecting rod 16, the third connecting rod 17, the heating resistance wire 18 and the electrical isolation protective cover 19; wherein, the rigid box 8 is a cuboid structure, which is arranged on two stringers 5, one side is fixed on the side of the spar 1 close to the stringer 5, and an opening 20 is formed on the top surface and the bottom side of the rigid box 8 respectively; the slider 11 is arranged on the rigid box 8 The shape memory alloy wire 13 and the gas spring 14 are arranged in parallel, and the two ends are respectively fixed on the inner end face of the rigid box 8 away from the hole 20 and one side of the slider 11; the conversion mechanism 12 is arranged on the rigid box 8. The inner part is located between the openings 20 on the top surface and the bottom surface, and the two ends are respectively arranged on the two sides of the rigid box 8 in a rotatable manner; The other side and the middle edge of the conversion mechanism 12; one end of the second connecting rod 16 and the third connecting rod 17 are hinged on the two side edges of the conversion mechanism 12 respectively, and the other ends respectively penetrate the top surface and the bottom surface of the rigid box 8 The opening 20 is hinged on the two stringers 5; the heating resistance wire 18 is wound on the surface of the shape memory alloy wire 13, and the two ends are connected to the on-board power supply; the electrical isolation protective cover 19 is made of flexible insulating material, covering Cover the outside of the heating resistance wire 18 .

The second connecting rod 16 and the third connecting rod 17 have the same structure and size.

The heating resistance wire 18 is evenly wound on the surface of the shape memory alloy wire 13 .

The shape memory alloy wire 13 is made of a shape memory alloy material with two-way memory effect.

The flexible skin 6 includes a flexible skin disposed on the upper surface of the wing and a flexible skin on the lower surface of the wing.

The working principle of the shape memory alloy-driven deformable airfoil provided by the present invention is described as follows:

When the shape of the wing needs to be changed, the heating resistance wire 18 is first powered by the on-board power supply, thereby heating the shape memory alloy wire 13, so that the shape memory alloy wire 13 is deformed, and then the slider 11 is driven in the rigidity. The box body 8 moves left and right, the slider 11 will drive the conversion mechanism 12 to rotate through the first connecting rod 15, and the conversion mechanism 12 will drive the two beams 5 along the groove 10 through the second connecting rod 16 and the third connecting rod 17. Up and down displacement, and finally the flexible skin 6 is deformed by the stringer 5, which changes the shape of the wing, so the shape of the wing can be quantitatively changed based on different flight conditions, so as to obtain different lift. When the heating of the heating resistance wire 18 is stopped, under the action of the gas spring 14, the beam 5 can be restored to the initial position through the slider 11, the first link 15, the second link 16 and the third link 17.

Claims (5)

1. A deformable airfoil driven by shape memory alloy, characterized in that: the deformable airfoil driven by shape memory alloy comprises: wing spar (1), wing rib (2), front wall (3) ), the rear wall (4), the stringer (5), the flexible skin (6) and the drive device (7); wherein, the two ribs (2) are arranged symmetrically and in parallel in a vertical manner, each rib ( 2) A groove (10) is arranged along the vertical direction in the middle of the inner side surface; two stringers (5) are arranged in parallel up and down, and two ends of each stringer (5) are respectively formed with a groove (10) that can be inserted into the rib. (2) Boss (9) in upper groove (10), so stringer (5) can move up and down along groove (10); spar (1), front wall (3) and rear wall (4) Both are long strip-shaped plates, arranged vertically, and the two ends are respectively connected to the two ribs (2) on one side of the stringer (5), the front part and the rear part of the rib (2); the flexible skin ( 6) Cover the outside of the upper and lower ends of the spar (1), the front wall (3) and the rear wall (4), and the inner surface is connected with the outer surfaces of the two stringers (5); the driving device (7) includes a rigid box Body (8), slider (11), conversion mechanism (12), shape memory alloy wire (13), gas spring (14), first link (15), second link (16), third link Rod (17), heating resistance wire (18) and electrical isolation protective cover (19); wherein, the rigid box (8) is a cuboid structure, arranged between two stringers (5), one side is fixed on the wing On the side of the beam (1) close to the stringer (5), an opening (20) is formed on the top surface and the bottom surface of the rigid box body (8) respectively; the slider (11) is arranged on the rigid box body (8); the shape memory alloy wire (13) and the gas spring (14) are arranged in parallel, and the two ends are respectively fixed on the inner end face of the rigid box (8) away from the hole (20) and the inner end face of the slider (11) On one side; the conversion mechanism (12) is arranged in the rigid box (8) at the position between the openings (20) on the top surface and the bottom surface, and the two ends are respectively rotatably arranged on the rigid box (8) The two sides of the first link (15) are hinged on the other side of the slider (11) and the middle edge of the conversion mechanism (12) respectively; the second link (16) and the third link One end of the (17) is hinged to the two side edges of the conversion mechanism (12) respectively, and the other end penetrates the openings (20) on the top and bottom surfaces of the rigid box (8) and is hinged to the two stringers (5). ); the heating resistance wire (18) is wound on the surface of the shape memory alloy wire (13), and both ends are connected to the on-board power supply; the electrical isolation protective cover (19) is made of flexible insulating material and is wrapped around the heating resistance wire (18) EXTERNAL. 2 . The shape memory alloy-driven deformable airfoil according to claim 1 , wherein the second link ( 16 ) and the third link ( 17 ) have the same structure and size. 3 . 3. The shape memory alloy-driven deformable airfoil according to claim 1, wherein the heating resistance wire (18) is evenly wound on the surface of the shape memory alloy wire (13). 4 . The shape memory alloy-driven deformable airfoil according to claim 1 , wherein the shape memory alloy wire ( 13 ) is made of a shape memory alloy material with two-way memory effect. 5 . 5. The shape memory alloy-driven deformable wing according to claim 1, wherein the flexible skin (6) comprises a flexible skin arranged on the upper surface of the wing and a flexible skin on the lower surface of the wing skinning.

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