CN110554327A - Method for rapidly measuring impedance of storage battery during charging - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电子信息、电池测量领域，尤其是涉及一种充电时蓄电池阻抗快速测量方法。The invention relates to the fields of electronic information and battery measurement, in particular to a method for quickly measuring battery impedance during charging.
背景技术Background technique
锂离子电池因其高比能量、环保、无记忆效应等优点在交通工具、消费电子产品中大量采用。但电池并不是完美的储能系统，电池在运行过程中的复杂的使用环境可能会导致如老化、热失控、不一致性恶化等问题。因此，对于锂离子电池的性能和状态进行有效的评估，并依据此进行蓄电池管理非常重要。电池阻抗作为描述电池内部过程的重要参数，是电池状态的重要表征参数，广泛应用于锂离子电池健康状态(SOH，State of Health)、内部温度、荷电状态(SOC，State of Charge)及故障诊断等问题的研究。Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in vehicles and consumer electronics due to their high specific energy, environmental protection, and no memory effect. However, the battery is not a perfect energy storage system. The complex environment of the battery during operation may cause problems such as aging, thermal runaway, and deterioration of inconsistency. Therefore, it is very important to effectively evaluate the performance and status of lithium-ion batteries, and to manage batteries based on this. As an important parameter to describe the internal process of the battery, battery impedance is an important characterization parameter of the battery state. It is widely used in the state of health (SOH, State of Health), internal temperature, state of charge (SOC, State of Charge) and failure of lithium-ion batteries. Research on issues such as diagnosis.
目前，电池阻抗的测量方法主要有两种，一是单一频率逐次测量法，二是多频率的快速测量方法。At present, there are two main methods for measuring battery impedance, one is single-frequency sequential measurement method, and the other is multi-frequency rapid measurement method.
基于外部提供单一正弦频率的激励设备进行阻抗测量的方法，虽然具有较高的测量精度，但是其测量电池的阻抗谱，如测量0.01Hz～1000Hz频率的阻抗谱，往往需要数分钟的时间。此外，基于单一正弦频率的激励测量方法只能应用于离线的阻抗测量，且具有较高的成本。Although the impedance measurement method based on an external excitation device with a single sinusoidal frequency has high measurement accuracy, it usually takes several minutes to measure the impedance spectrum of the battery, such as measuring the impedance spectrum at a frequency of 0.01 Hz to 1000 Hz. In addition, the excitation measurement method based on a single sinusoidal frequency can only be applied to offline impedance measurement, and has a high cost.
对于多频率快速测量方法的研究，主要依靠信号处理的手段，如快速傅里叶变换(FFT)，离散拉普拉斯变换(DFT)等。上述基于傅里叶变换以及拉普拉斯变换获取电池阻抗的方法，虽然从一定程度上实现了电池阻抗的获取，但是由于电池阻抗具有一定时效性，不同时刻的电池阻抗是不同的，而傅里叶变换包括快速傅里叶变换缺少信号的时域信息，这一特性使得通过该方法获得的阻抗具有不确定性。For the research of multi-frequency fast measurement method, it mainly relies on the means of signal processing, such as fast Fourier transform (FFT), discrete Laplace transform (DFT) and so on. The above method of obtaining battery impedance based on Fourier transform and Laplace transform, although the battery impedance has been obtained to a certain extent, but because the battery impedance has a certain timeliness, the battery impedance at different times is different, and Fu The Fourier transform, including the Fast Fourier transform, lacks time-domain information of the signal, which makes the impedance obtained by this method uncertain.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种充电时蓄电池阻抗快速测量方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a fast measurement method for battery impedance during charging in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种充电时蓄电池阻抗快速测量方法，用以在电池充放电过程中获得蓄电池阻抗，包括以下步骤：A method for quickly measuring battery impedance during charging, used to obtain battery impedance during battery charging and discharging, comprising the following steps:
1)将待测量蓄电池和充电装置连接；1) Connect the storage battery to be measured with the charging device;
2)利用充电装置对待测量蓄电池进行充电和放电产生电流阶跃信号，生成变化的电流和电压；2) Use the charging device to charge and discharge the battery to be measured to generate a current step signal to generate changing current and voltage;
3)在蓄电池充放电期间采集蓄电池上的电压和电流信号；3) Collect voltage and current signals on the battery during charging and discharging of the battery;
4)分别对采样采集到的蓄电池电压和电流进行小波分析，并通过电压与电流小波变换系数之比得到蓄电池阻抗值。4) Carry out wavelet analysis on the battery voltage and current collected by sampling respectively, and obtain the battery impedance value through the ratio of voltage and current wavelet transformation coefficients.
所述的步骤2)中，利用跳变电流进行阻抗测量计算，实际应用时跳变电流方向可选正或负，跳变前的电流可为0或不为0，产生电流阶跃信号的四种情况实际上是电流方向和跳变前电流的四种组合，则有：In the step 2), the jump current is used to measure and calculate the impedance. In actual application, the direction of the jump current can be positive or negative, and the current before the jump can be 0 or not 0. This situation is actually four combinations of the current direction and the current before the jump, then there are:
待测量蓄电池初始状态为输入或输出电流为0，利用充电装置对待测量蓄电池进行充电，产生充电电流阶跃信号；The initial state of the battery to be measured is that the input or output current is 0, and the charging device is used to charge the battery to be measured to generate a charging current step signal;
待测量蓄电池初始状态为输入或输出电流为0，利用充电装置对待测量蓄电池进行放电，产生放电电流阶跃信号；The initial state of the battery to be measured is that the input or output current is 0, and the charging device is used to discharge the battery to be measured to generate a discharge current step signal;
待测量蓄电池初始状态为输入或输出电流不为0，利用充电装置对待测量蓄电池进行充电，产生电流阶跃信号；The initial state of the battery to be measured is that the input or output current is not 0, and the charging device is used to charge the battery to be measured to generate a current step signal;
待测量蓄电池初始状态为输入或输出电流不为0，利用充电装置对待测量蓄电池进行放电，产生电流阶跃信号。The initial state of the storage battery to be measured is that the input or output current is not 0, and the charging device is used to discharge the storage battery to be measured to generate a current step signal.
所述的步骤3)中，分别对电池包、并联电池模组和电池单体的电压、电流进行测量。In the step 3), the voltage and current of the battery pack, parallel battery modules and battery cells are measured respectively.
所述的步骤4)的小波分析中采用Morlet小波作为小波基。The Morlet wavelet is used as the wavelet base in the wavelet analysis of step 4).
所述的步骤4)具体包括以下步骤：Described step 4) specifically comprises the following steps:
41)对电流信号进行分析时刻提取，选择电压和电流信号变化的瞬间时刻作为分析时刻b；41) Extract the analysis time of the current signal, and select the moment when the voltage and current signal changes as the analysis time b;
42)根据香农熵最小原理确定带宽参数fb和中心频率fc；42) Determining the bandwidth parameter f b and the center frequency f c according to the minimum principle of Shannon entropy;
43)根据阻抗测量需求确定分析频率f，采用公式a＝fc/f确定尺度因子a；43) Determine the analysis frequency f according to the impedance measurement requirements, and use the formula a=fc/ f to determine the scale factor a;
44)计算电压和电流信号在尺度因子a、分析时刻b、带宽参数fb和中心频率fc下的小波变换系数，分别得到电压小波系数U(a,b)和电流小波系数I(a,b)；44) Calculate the wavelet transform coefficients of the voltage and current signals under the scale factor a, analysis time b, bandwidth parameter f b and center frequency f c , and obtain the voltage wavelet coefficient U(a,b) and current wavelet coefficient I(a, b);
45)根据阻抗计算公式Z＝U(a,b)/I(a,b)计算电池的阻抗。45) Calculate the impedance of the battery according to the impedance calculation formula Z=U(a,b)/I(a,b).
所述的步骤41)中，提取电流信号进行分析时刻具体包括以下步骤：In the described step 41), the moment of extracting the current signal for analysis specifically includes the following steps:
411)对电流信号进行交叉窗分段处理；411) Perform cross-window segmentation processing on the current signal;
412)根据每一段信号的标准差，获取发生变化的信号所在的信号段，即目标信号段；412) Obtain the signal segment where the changed signal is located, that is, the target signal segment, according to the standard deviation of each segment of the signal;
413)对目标信号段进行低通滤波处理；413) performing low-pass filter processing on the target signal segment;
414)对处理后的目标信号逐一求导，获取变化信号的开始时刻，即为分析时刻b。414) Differentiate the processed target signals one by one, and obtain the start time of the change signal, which is the analysis time b.
电压小波系数U(a,b)和电流小波系数I(a,b)的计算式分别为：The calculation formulas of voltage wavelet coefficient U(a,b) and current wavelet coefficient I(a,b) are respectively:
其中，u(t)为电压信号，i(t)为电流信号，为母小波ψ(t)在尺度因子a和平移因子b下的子小波，t为时间。Among them, u(t) is the voltage signal, i(t) is the current signal, is the sub-wavelet of mother wavelet ψ(t) under scale factor a and translation factor b, and t is time.
小波分析时刻的选取还可以由控制充电装置产生相应阶跃波形的控制器直接给出。The selection of wavelet analysis time can also be directly given by the controller that controls the charging device to generate the corresponding step waveform.
本发明所提出的充电时电池阻抗快速测量方法主要包括充电装置连接，施加电流阶跃信号，电压、电流值采样和阻抗计算四个关键步骤，与现有技术相比，本发明方法优点如下：The fast measurement method of battery impedance during charging proposed by the present invention mainly includes four key steps of connecting a charging device, applying a current step signal, sampling voltage and current values, and calculating impedance. Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)不需要外界设备施加正弦激励，只需在电池充电时利用充电装置产生一个阶跃电流信号作用到电池上，通过电池电压和电流测量装置单元测量电压和电流信号后再利用本发明所述方法即可进行电池阻抗测量计算；(1) No need for external equipment to apply sinusoidal excitation, only need to use the charging device to generate a step current signal to act on the battery when the battery is charging, and use the battery voltage and current measuring device unit to measure the voltage and current signal after the battery is charged. The battery impedance measurement and calculation can be carried out according to the above method;
(2)宽频阻抗计算时间短，相比于单一正弦频率逐次施加至电池上，本发明方法利用阶跃信号谐波成分丰富的特点可在短时间内实现宽频率的阻抗测量计算。(2) The calculation time of broadband impedance is short. Compared with applying a single sinusoidal frequency to the battery successively, the method of the present invention utilizes the characteristics of rich harmonic components of the step signal to realize broadband impedance measurement and calculation in a short time.
总之，本发明所述方法可进行快速、准确的阻抗测量，为阻抗测量实时性要求高的应用场合提供基础。In a word, the method of the present invention can perform fast and accurate impedance measurement, and provide a basis for applications requiring high real-time impedance measurement.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的总体流程框图。Fig. 1 is the overall flow chart of the present invention.
图2为实施例中充放电瞬间得到的电压、电流波形，其中，图(2a)为在开关闭合时的电流波形，图(2b)为在开关闭合时的电压波形。Fig. 2 is the voltage and current waveform obtained at the moment of charge and discharge in the embodiment, wherein, figure (2a) is the current waveform when the switch is closed, and figure (2b) is the voltage waveform when the switch is closed.
图3为本发明所提出的方法所测量得到的阻抗值与真实值的对比。Fig. 3 is a comparison between the impedance value measured by the method proposed by the present invention and the real value.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例Example
本发明以电池的阻抗作为目标，而阻抗是一个包含幅值和相角的复值对象，因此在小波类型上应该选择复值小波，复值小波可以很好的表达相位信息。此外，电池阻抗的研究一方面会涉及到信号特征提取，另一方面还要对信号进行频域上的定位，因此需要选择非正交小波作为小波基函数。Morlet小波是由Gaussian函数调节的指数复值小波，其虚部是实部的Hilbert变换，满足复值小波和非正交小波的要求。并且Morlet小波基可以达到与信号相匹配的时间或频率分辨率，能够提供显式的尺度与频率的关系，非常适用于阻抗的计算。此外，Morlet小波中还包含着更多的振动信息，小波功率可以将正、负峰值包含在一个宽峰之中，因此本发明采用Morlet小波作为小波基进行研究。The present invention takes the impedance of the battery as the target, and the impedance is a complex-valued object including amplitude and phase angle, so the complex-valued wavelet should be selected as the wavelet type, and the complex-valued wavelet can express phase information well. In addition, the research on battery impedance will involve signal feature extraction on the one hand, and signal positioning in the frequency domain on the other hand, so non-orthogonal wavelets need to be selected as wavelet basis functions. Morlet wavelet is an exponential complex-valued wavelet regulated by Gaussian function, whose imaginary part is Hilbert transform of real part, which meets the requirements of complex-valued wavelet and non-orthogonal wavelet. And the Morlet wavelet base can achieve a time or frequency resolution that matches the signal, and can provide an explicit relationship between scale and frequency, which is very suitable for the calculation of impedance. In addition, the Morlet wavelet also contains more vibration information, and the wavelet power can include positive and negative peaks in a wide peak, so the present invention uses the Morlet wavelet as the wavelet base for research.
Morlet小波的数学表达式为：The mathematical expression of Morlet wavelet is:
其中，fc表示函数的中心频率，fb表示带宽变量。改变fc可以改变小波分析时的目标频率成分。Among them, f c represents the center frequency of the function, f b represents the bandwidth variable. Changing fc can change the target frequency components in wavelet analysis.
对于一个信号f(t)，它的Morlet连续小波变换分解为：For a signal f(t), its Morlet continuous wavelet transform is decomposed into:
式(2)中，W(a,b)为小波变换系数，a为尺度因子(a>0)，b为平移因子，为ψ(t)的共轭函数，ψa,b(t)为母小波ψ(t)在尺度因子a和平移因子b下的子小波。In formula (2), W(a,b) is the wavelet transform coefficient, a is the scale factor (a>0), b is the translation factor, is the conjugate function of ψ(t), and ψ a,b (t) is the sub-wavelet of the mother wavelet ψ(t) under scale factor a and translation factor b.
对于电池的阻抗测量，可分别对同一时刻的电压和电流的时域信号做以Morlet小波为基的小波变换：For the impedance measurement of the battery, the wavelet transform based on the Morlet wavelet can be performed on the time domain signals of the voltage and current at the same moment:
则电池阻抗表达式为：Then the battery impedance expression is:
由于小波变换的本质是对信号进行滤波和分解，是将信号分解到各个频率上，认为无需对电池从外部加载激励信号，可利用电池本身放电过程中产生的电信号变化(如开关瞬间的电压和电流信号)作为分析对象，这样就无需外部激励源，从而简化系统。Since the essence of wavelet transform is to filter and decompose the signal, it is to decompose the signal into various frequencies. It is considered that there is no need to load the excitation signal from the outside to the battery, and the electrical signal changes generated during the discharge process of the battery itself (such as the voltage at the moment of switching) can be used. and current signal) as the analysis object, so that no external excitation source is required, thus simplifying the system.
本例中的实验对象采用容量为2850mAh三星18650型锂离子电池，在充放电瞬间得到的电压、电流波形，电流为500mA阶跃，如图2所示。采用采样率10kHz对电池电压和电流信号进行测量。按照本发明所述方法进行阻抗快速计算。通过在电压、电流变化时刻进行小波分析，可以得到如图3所示的不同频率下的电池阻抗谱。且可以看到所测量得到的阻抗与真实值相接近。The experimental object in this example uses a Samsung 18650 lithium-ion battery with a capacity of 2850mAh. The voltage and current waveforms obtained at the moment of charging and discharging, and the current is a step of 500mA, as shown in Figure 2. The battery voltage and current signals are measured with a sampling rate of 10kHz. Fast calculation of impedance is performed according to the method of the present invention. By performing wavelet analysis at the moment of voltage and current change, the battery impedance spectrum at different frequencies can be obtained as shown in Figure 3 . And it can be seen that the measured impedance is close to the real value.
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| CN111965430A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-20 | 扬州大学 | Impedance measurement method and device capable of realizing low-voltage lithium battery power supply |
| CN112345945A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-09 | 同济大学 | Battery temperature estimation method during charging |
| CN112415270A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-26 | 同济大学 | Method and system for rapidly measuring battery impedance |
| CN112630674A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-04-09 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Impedance monitoring method, system and controller |
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