CN111624503A - Lithium ion battery temperature online estimation method - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery temperature online estimation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111624503A CN111624503A CN202010338221.5A CN202010338221A CN111624503A CN 111624503 A CN111624503 A CN 111624503A CN 202010338221 A CN202010338221 A CN 202010338221A CN 111624503 A CN111624503 A CN 111624503A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium ion battery temperature online estimation method, which comprises the following steps: detecting the voltage and the current of a single lithium ion battery through a battery management system; acquiring step current i and step voltage u of the lithium ion battery between charging and discharging; fourier series transformation is carried out on the step current i and the step voltage u, and a current Fourier function Yi and a voltage Fourier function Yu are obtained; acquiring a Morlet mother wavelet function in the charging and discharging time of the lithium ion battery; and converting the conjugate functionYwt(ii) a Acquiring a voltage wavelet coefficient U and a current wavelet coefficient I of the lithium ion battery; obtained byCalculating the internal impedance of the lithium ion battery by using the voltage wavelet coefficient U and the current wavelet coefficient I; inquiring an impedance-impedance phase angle relation table to obtain an impedance phase angle theta under the current impedance; estimating the temperature by using an online estimation formula of the lithium ion battery; the method has the advantage that the online estimation of the temperature of the lithium ion battery can be accurately measured without external hardware equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lithium ion battery temperature estimation, in particular to an online lithium ion battery temperature estimation method.
Background
As lithium ion batteries have been increasingly used in various applications in the automotive industry, such as hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles. The critical information including the internal battery temperature is considered as one of the most important parameters related to functional safety, critical parameter estimation, and the like. Compared with other power batteries, the lithium ion battery has the advantages of high density, high power, no charge-discharge memory effect and the like, and is widely used as the power battery. Because the lithium ion battery belongs to an active alkaline metal battery, the danger of fire and explosion exists, the energy density of the lithium ion battery is higher, and the damage caused by the explosion is larger compared with other batteries once the explosion is out of control. Except explosion danger caused by violent collision, the lithium ion battery is out of control due to overhigh temperature, so that in the development process of new energy automobiles, the accurate detection of the temperature of the lithium ion battery is one of essential key technologies.
The difficulty of accurately obtaining the internal temperature of the lithium ion battery is high at present. The reason is that it is difficult for the temperature sensor to directly measure the temperature inside the lithium ion battery because the lithium ion battery may be damaged by inserting the battery, and the possibility of directly measuring the temperature inside the lithium ion battery is not high because the electrochemical reaction occurs inside the lithium ion battery. Existing impedance measurement methods are widely adopted and proved to be a feasible method for estimating the internal temperature, namely, impedance measurement is carried out by applying an alternating current signal to disturb a lithium ion battery cell, and the temperature inside the lithium ion battery is determined through a corresponding relation table of an impedance phase angle and the temperature. This typically requires two basic hardware components, including an ac signal generator and an impedance measuring device. Installing such hardware would undoubtedly increase the complexity of the system and would also greatly impact product cost. In addition, impedance measurement requires static conditions and is not suitable for dynamic vehicle operating conditions, i.e., when the lithium ion battery is operated, impedance measurement of the lithium ion battery causes large errors in measurement. In order to solve the problem, the invention provides an online estimation method for the temperature of a lithium ion battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the online estimation method for the temperature of the lithium ion battery is simple in structure and accurate in measurement, and external hardware equipment is not needed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a lithium ion battery temperature online estimation method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, detecting the voltage and current of a single lithium ion battery through a battery management system;
step 2, acquiring step current i and step voltage u of the lithium ion battery between charging and discharging through the step 1;
step 3, performing Fourier series transformation on the step current i and the step voltage u obtained in the step 2 to obtain a current Fourier function Yi and a voltage Fourier function Yu;
step 4, acquiring a Morlet mother wavelet function in the charging and discharging time of the lithium ion battery, wherein the Morlet mother wavelet is the product of a Gaussian function g (t) and a sine term function h (t); and converting the conjugate function of Morlet mother wavelet functionYwt；
Step 5, performing Fourier functions on the current Fourier function Yi and the voltage Fourier function Yu in the step 2 and the conjugate function of the Morlet mother wavelet function in the step 4YwtPerforming inverse discrete Fourier transform to obtain a voltage wavelet coefficient U and a current wavelet coefficient I of the lithium ion battery;
and 8, acquiring the temperature of the lithium ion battery under the current environment by inquiring an impedance phase angle-temperature relation table in the battery management system.
Preferably, the battery management system includes a voltage detector, a current detector and a processor unit, wherein the voltage detector is configured to detect a voltage of the lithium ion battery and transmit a detected voltage signal to the processor unit, and the current detector is configured to detect a current signal flowing through the lithium ion battery and transmit the current signal to the processor unit.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the current fourier function Yi in step 3 is:
the calculation formula of the voltage Fourier function Yu is as follows:
and the I is step current, the u is step voltage, and the N is the sampling number of the cell voltage and the current of the lithium ion battery sampled by the battery management system within the charging and discharging time of the lithium ion battery.
Preferably, the Morlet mother wavelet function in step 4 is:
wherein, in the step (A),
in order to be a frequency band parameter,
as a central parameter, t is the charge-discharge time of the lithium ion battery.
Preferably, the conjugate function of the Morlet mother wavelet function in step 4YwtComprises the following steps:
and N is the sampling number of the single voltage and current of the lithium ion battery sampled by the battery management system within the charging and discharging time of the lithium ion battery.
Preferably, the voltage wavelet coefficient U in step 5 is:
the current wavelet coefficient I is:
。
compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the temperature inside the lithium ion battery can be estimated in the gap time between the charging and the discharging of the lithium ion battery under the dynamic working condition of the vehicle, so that the online estimation of the temperature of the lithium ion battery is realized. Meanwhile, the method utilizes the power supply detector and the current detector which are arranged in the battery management system to detect the voltage and the current of the lithium ion battery, greatly reduces the load of a vehicle and saves space, namely, an impedance phase detector and an alternating current generator which applies alternating current to the lithium ion battery in the traditional method are omitted, so that the interference of external factors is reduced, the reliability of the temperature detection of the lithium ion battery is improved, and the stability of real-time measurement of the lithium ion battery in the operation process is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of step current distribution over 1 NEDC test period;
FIG. 2 is a graph of step voltage distribution over 3 NEDC test cycles;
FIG. 3 is a plot of step current distribution over 3 NEDC test cycles;
FIG. 4 is a lithium ion battery temperature distribution graph detected by a lithium ion battery temperature online estimation method over 3 NEDC test cycles;
fig. 5 is a temperature distribution graph of the lithium ion battery over 3 NEDC test cycles.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
A lithium ion battery temperature online estimation method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, detecting the voltage and current of a single lithium ion battery through a battery management system; the voltage of the lithium ion battery is detected by a voltage detector in the battery management system, a detected voltage signal is transmitted to a processor unit of the battery management system, and a current signal flowing through the lithium ion battery is checked by a current detector and transmitted to the processor unit. And the current signal and the voltage signal are processed in an arithmetic unit within the processor unit.
And 2, respectively acquiring the step current i and the step voltage u of the lithium ion battery between charging and discharging through the step 1, and detecting the step current i and the step voltage u in the NEDC test period. Namely, the step current i and the step voltage u at the sampling time point are obtained by sampling the lithium ion battery in different points within the time between charging and discharging. Wherein the NEDC test period is 1200s
And 3, performing Fourier series transformation on the step current i and the step voltage u obtained in the step 2 to obtain a current Fourier function Yi and a voltage Fourier function Yu. Software simulation is achieved in a MATLAB Simulink environment, wherein
、
. The i is step current, u is step voltage, and N is the sampling number of the battery management system sampling the single voltage and current of the lithium ion battery within the charging and discharging time of the lithium ion battery.
Step 4, acquiring a Morlet mother wavelet function in the charging and discharging time of the lithium ion battery, wherein the Morlet mother wavelet is the product of a Gaussian function g (t) and a sine term function h (t); and converting the conjugate function of Morlet mother wavelet functionYwt(ii) a Wherein the Morlet mother wavelet function is:
wherein in the step
Is a mixture of a compound of the formula (I) 10000,
the central frequency parameter is 3000, and the lithium ion battery charging and discharging time t in the step is 3 NEDC test periods, namely 3600 s.
Conjugate function of Morlet mother wavelet functionYwtComprises the following steps:
wherein, N is the sampling number of the cell voltage and the current of the lithium ion battery by the battery management system within the charging and discharging time of the lithium ion battery, that is, the number of points collected according to the frequency band parameters within 3 NEDC test periods, and N in this step is 36000000.
Step 5, performing Fourier functions on the current Fourier function Yi and the voltage Fourier function Yu in the step 2 and the conjugate function of the Morlet mother wavelet function in the step 4YwtPerforming inverse discrete Fourier transform to obtain a voltage wavelet coefficient U and a current wavelet coefficient I of the lithium ion battery; the voltage wavelet coefficient U is:
the current wavelet coefficient I is:
。
And 7, acquiring an impedance phase angle theta under the current impedance by inquiring an impedance-impedance phase angle relation table in the battery management system. The step can store an impedance-impedance phase angle relation table of factory detection of the lithium ion battery into a memory of a processor unit in a battery management system; or the impedance phase angle detector detects the impedance-impedance phase angle corresponding relation of the lithium ion battery applying the alternating current, the manufactured impedance-impedance phase angle relation table is stored in the memory, and the corresponding impedance phase angle under the current impedance can be obtained by looking up the table.
And 8, acquiring the temperature of the lithium ion battery under the current environment by inquiring an impedance phase angle-temperature relation table in the battery management system.
The impedance phase angle-temperature relation table in the step 8 is obtained by the following steps: step 1, mounting a temperature sensor on a lithium ion battery pack, and detecting and displaying the temperature of each single battery of the lithium ion battery pack;
step 2, placing the lithium ion battery pack into a constant-temperature environment cabin with the initial temperature of-20 ℃;
step 3, after standing for 3 hours, when the temperature of each single battery of the lithium ion battery pack is the same as the initial temperature, applying an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technology to each single battery, namely applying an excitation current with the current value of 2 amperes and the frequency of 10 Hz to the lithium ion battery pack to be tested, detecting the impedance phase angle of each single battery at the current temperature through a Solartron1287/1255B instrument of an electrochemical workstation, and recording;
and 4, increasing the initial temperature by 1 degree, repeating the step 3 to obtain the impedance phase angle corresponding to each single battery, and forming an impedance phase angle-temperature table by the obtained data.
And 5, comparing the impedance phase angle-temperature table with the impedance phase angle of the power battery formed by the lithium ion battery pack detected by the battery management system in the new energy automobile to obtain the temperature of the power battery at the moment. And inputting the impedance phase angle-temperature table obtained through the steps into a battery management system of the new energy automobile, and arranging an impedance phase angle detection device on the new energy automobile, wherein the impedance phase angle and the temperature are in one-to-one correspondence, so that the corresponding accurate lithium ion battery temperature can be obtained by looking up the table as long as the impedance phase angle of the lithium ion battery at the moment is detected.
The simulation formula of the data obtained by measurement and obtained by simulation software is as follows:
wherein T is the estimated temperature of the lithium ion battery, theta is an impedance phase angle, and e is a natural constant; as can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the fitted curve obtained by this method and the simulation formula is almost identical to the real measurement data.
The software simulation environment is used for performing data parameter simulation on an MATLAB Simulink environment, and the online estimation of the temperature of the lithium ion battery can be realized by performing formula substitution operation through a power management system built in an automobile in the actual operation process.
The online estimation of the temperature of the lithium ion battery can be realized through the steps, namely, the detection of the step voltage and the step current of the lithium ion battery is realized through the voltage detector and the current detector which are arranged in the battery management system in the automobile, so that the traditional external impedance phase detector is avoided, and the impedance detection is carried out on an extra alternating current point applied to the lithium ion battery.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A lithium ion battery temperature online estimation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, detecting the voltage and current of a single lithium ion battery through a battery management system;
step 2, acquiring step current i and step voltage u of the lithium ion battery between charging and discharging through the step 1;
step 3, performing Fourier series transformation on the step current i and the step voltage u obtained in the step 2 to obtain a current Fourier function Yi and a voltage Fourier function Yu;
step 4, acquiring a Morlet mother wavelet function in the charging and discharging time of the lithium ion battery, wherein the Morlet mother wavelet is the product of a Gaussian function g (t) and a sine term function h (t); and converting the conjugate function of Morlet mother wavelet functionYwt；
Step 5, performing Fourier functions on the current Fourier function Yi and the voltage Fourier function Yu in the step 2 and the conjugate function of the Morlet mother wavelet function in the step 4YwtPerforming inverse discrete Fourier transform to obtain a voltage wavelet coefficient U and a current wavelet coefficient I of the lithium ion battery;
step 6, calculating the internal impedance of the lithium ion battery through the voltage wavelet coefficient U and the current wavelet coefficient I obtained in the step 5
；
Step 7, acquiring an impedance phase angle theta under the current impedance by inquiring an impedance-impedance phase angle relation table in the battery management system;
and 8, acquiring the temperature of the lithium ion battery under the current environment by inquiring an impedance phase angle-temperature relation table in the battery management system.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the battery management system comprises a voltage detector, a current detector and a processor unit, the voltage detector is used for detecting the voltage of the lithium ion battery and transmitting a detected voltage signal to the processor unit, and the current detector is used for detecting a current signal flowing through the lithium ion battery and transmitting the current signal to the processor unit.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the current fourier function Yi in step 3 is calculated as:
the calculation formula of the voltage Fourier function Yu is as follows:
and the I is step current, the u is step voltage, and the N is the sampling number of the cell voltage and the current of the lithium ion battery sampled by the battery management system within the charging and discharging time of the lithium ion battery.
4. The online estimation method of lithium ion battery temperature according to claim 3, wherein the Morlet mother wavelet function in step 4 is:
wherein, in the step (A),
in order to be a frequency band parameter,
as a central parameter, t is the charge-discharge time of the lithium ion battery.
5. The online estimation method of lithium ion battery temperature according to claim 4, wherein the conjugate function of Morlet mother wavelet function in step 4YwtComprises the following steps:
and N is the sampling number of the single voltage and current of the lithium ion battery sampled by the battery management system within the charging and discharging time of the lithium ion battery.
6. The online estimation method for the temperature of the lithium ion battery according to claim 5, wherein the voltage wavelet coefficient U in the step 5 is:
the current wavelet coefficient I is:
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| CN115128463A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-30 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method and device, medium and equipment for estimating internal temperature of lithium ion battery |
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