CN110511635A - 一种免网格厚型钢结构防火涂料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于涂料技术领域，提供了一种免网格厚型钢结构防火涂料及其制备方法。为了解决传统涂料需额外添加网格加固的技术缺陷，同时使防火涂料达到理想的耐火极限，本发明提供了一种免网格厚型防火涂料，通过添加膨胀阻燃剂及隔热填料，该涂料可以耐受长时间的高温烘烤，起防火隔热作用，防止钢材在火灾中迅速升温而降低强度，避免钢结构失去支撑能力而导致建筑物垮塌，同时无需网格加固，在燃烧过程中，涂料也不易从钢材表面脱落，以达到对钢材的持续保护。在厚度为15毫米时，烃类火测试条件下耐火极限可达120‑300分钟，最优配方的防火涂料性能远远超过国标的最高烃类防火等级Ft3.00。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于涂料技术领域，具体涉及一种免网格厚型钢结构防火涂料及其制备方法。
背景技术
钢材因其自重轻、强度髙、抗震性能好、韧性高、空间利用率高等优点在建筑行业中广泛应用，但钢材的耐火性能较差，在高温下，钢材的机械强度随着温度的升高而迅速下降，发生火灾后，火场中的温度可迅速上升到700℃以上，远远超过钢材的临界温度(540℃)，当温度达到临界温度时，钢材建筑会因负载过大而垮塌，造成不可挽回的生命财产损失。而在钢材表面涂刷防火涂料可有效延长钢材的耐火极限，为火场营救争取时间。
传统的网格增强型防火涂料通常需要额外的网格加固才能发挥作用。但该涂料存在网格遗漏或者是安装出错的风险，且耐火极限不足120min，远远不能满足目前市场需求。
因此，为了解决传统涂料需额外添加网格加固的技术缺陷，同时使防火涂料达到理想的耐火极限，本发明提供了一种免网格厚型防火涂料，通过添加膨胀阻燃剂及隔热填料，该涂料可以耐受长时间的高温烘烤，起防火隔热作用，防止钢材在火灾中迅速升温而降低强度，避免钢结构失去支撑能力而导致建筑物垮塌，同时无需网格加固，在燃烧过程中，涂料也不易从钢材表面脱落，以达到对钢材的持续保护。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种免网格厚型钢结构防火涂料。
本发明的技术方案：
一种免网格厚型钢结构防火涂料，以高分子树脂为防火涂料基料40-60份，膨胀阻燃剂15-25份，纤维类化合物1-10份，空心微球3-10份，季戊四醇5-10份，木质素磺酸钾4-8份；根据选择的高分子树脂，确定是否添加助剂、稀释剂和固化剂，若需要添加，助剂不大于5份，稀释剂不大于10份，固化剂不大于25份。
一种免网格厚型钢结构防火涂料的制备方法，步骤如下：
步骤1：按照比例，先将高分子树脂加入到容器中，再将膨胀阻燃剂、纤维类化合物、空心微球、季戊四醇和木质素磺酸钾分批加入高分子树脂中，混合均匀得到混合乳液；
步骤2：根据步骤1中的所选择的高分子树脂，确定是否加入助剂及稀释剂；如需加入助剂及稀释剂，将步骤1中装有混合乳液的容器放入超声波清洗器中，超声分散2-6h后，加入助剂及稀释剂；
步骤3：根据步骤1中的所选择的高分子树脂，确定是否加入固化剂；如需加入固化剂，待混合液分散均匀，流动性较好时，加入固化剂，搅拌均匀后倒入模具，固化30-120min；
所述高分子树脂为聚丙烯酸脂树脂、丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯树脂、硅丙树脂、环氧树脂中的一种或两种以上混合；
所述膨胀阻燃剂为硼酸三聚氰胺、聚磷酸铵、聚磷酸三聚氰胺、氢氧化铝、磷酸铝、氧化锑中的一种或两种以上混合；
所述纤维类物质为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、碳酸钙晶须、硅灰石中的一种或两种混合；
所述空心微球为非晶态二氧化硅空心微球、酚醛树脂空心微球、氧化铝空心微球中的一种或两种以上混合；
所述助剂为增韧剂、增稠剂、光稳定剂、消泡剂中的一种或两种以上混合；
所述稀释剂为溶剂油；
所述固化剂为胺类有机分子。
本发明的有益效果：本发明通过添加膨胀阻燃体系、隔热填料及纤维类化合物，获得具有耐热、耐火、耐老化、耐潮湿、耐工业环境、耐盐雾、耐冷热循环、耐酸、耐溶剂性、轻量化的无网格型防火涂料，在厚度为15mm时，烃类火测试条件下耐火极限可达120min-300min，最优配方的防火涂料性能已经远远超过国标的最高烃类防火等级Ft3.00。
具体实施方式
以下结合技术方案详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1
(1)在容器中称取20g丙烯酸树脂和20g聚氨酯树脂，混合均匀；
(2)依次加入25g聚磷酸铵，10g碳酸钙晶须，10g酚醛树脂空心微球，5g季戊四醇及4g木质素磺酸钾，混合均匀；
(3)将步骤(2)中所得到的混合物超声2h后，加入2g增韧剂及2g消泡剂，搅拌均匀；
(4)加入2g乙二胺，搅拌倒入模具，常温固化30min；
(5)所得8mm厚度固体涂层可在烃类火测试下，耐火极限可达125min。
实施例2
(1)在容器中称取50g聚氨酯树脂，依次加入10g聚磷酸铵和10g氧化锑，3g碳酸钙晶须和2g硅灰石，5g氧化铝空心微球，5g季戊四醇及6g木质素磺酸钾，混合均匀；
(2)将步骤(1)中所得到的混合物超声3h后，加入9g己二胺，搅拌倒入模具，常温固化50min；
(3)所得10mm厚度固体涂层可在烃类火测试下，耐火极限可达150min。
实施例3
(1)在容器中称取30g环氧树脂和30g硅丙树脂，混合均匀；
(2)依次加入15g硼酸三聚氰胺，1g碳纤维和1g玻璃纤维，3g非晶态二氧化硅空心微球，7g季戊四醇及7g木质素磺酸钾，混合均匀；
(2)将步骤(2)中所得到的混合物超声4h后，加入6g乙二胺，搅拌倒入模具，常温固化80min；
(3)所得12mm厚度固体涂层可在烃类火测试下，耐火极限可达200min。
实施例4
(1)在容器中称取40g丙烯酸树脂，依次加入15g聚磷酸三聚氰胺，1g碳纤维，3g酚醛树脂空心微球，5g季戊四醇及8g木质素磺酸钾，混合均匀；
(2)将步骤(1)中所得到的混合物超声6h后，加入5g增稠剂，搅拌均匀，
(3)加入23g二乙氨基丙胺，搅拌倒入模具，常温固化120min；
(4)所得15mm厚度固体涂层可在烃类火测试下，耐火极限可达300min。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种免网格厚型钢结构防火涂料，其特征在于，该免网格厚型钢结构防火涂料以高分子树脂为防火涂料基料40-60份，膨胀阻燃剂15-25份，纤维类化合物1-10份，空心微球3-10份，季戊四醇5-10份，木质素磺酸钾4-8份；根据选择的高分子树脂，确定是否添加助剂、稀释剂和固化剂，若需要添加，助剂不大于5份，稀释剂不大于10份，固化剂不大于25份。
2.一种免网格厚型钢结构防火涂料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤如下：
步骤1：按照比例，先将高分子树脂加入到容器中，再将膨胀阻燃剂、纤维类化合物、空心微球、季戊四醇和木质素磺酸钾分批加入高分子树脂中，混合均匀得到混合乳液；
步骤2：根据步骤1中的所选择的高分子树脂，确定是否加入助剂及稀释剂；如需加入助剂及稀释剂，将步骤1中装有混合乳液的容器放入超声波清洗器中，超声分散2-6h后，加入助剂及稀释剂；
步骤3：根据步骤1中的所选择的高分子树脂，确定是否加入固化剂；如需加入固化剂，待混合液分散均匀，流动性较好时，加入固化剂，搅拌均匀后倒入模具，固化30-120min。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述高分子树脂为聚丙烯酸脂树脂、丙烯酸树脂、聚氨酯树脂、硅丙树脂、环氧树脂中的一种或两种以上混合。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述膨胀阻燃剂为硼酸三聚氰胺、聚磷酸铵、聚磷酸三聚氰胺、氢氧化铝、磷酸铝、氧化锑中的一种或两种以上混合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述纤维类物质为碳纤维、玻璃纤维、碳酸钙晶须、硅灰石中的一种或两种混合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述空心微球为非晶态二氧化硅空心微球、酚醛树脂空心微球、氧化铝空心微球中的一种或两种以上混合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述助剂为增韧剂、增稠剂、光稳定剂、消泡剂中的一种或两种以上混合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述稀释剂为溶剂油。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述固化剂为胺类有机分子。
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