CN110351693A - 禁用未经授权的nfc安全系统和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及禁用未经授权的NFC安全系统和方法。提供系统、装置和方法用来检测外部NFC阅读器的邻近布置至显示器表面上的指定位置。显示器表面能够被用于查看标记并且能够实现与嵌入在显示器内的NFC通信设备的交互作用。电路能够控制能够扫描粘贴在显示器表面的未经授权的标签的NFC安全系统。NFC安全系统可以由NFC使能移动电话激活,所述NFC使能移动电话被放置在接近用于从显示器接收NFC编码的信息所指示的区域。NFC安全扫描能够在移动电话从显示器中预期的NFC标签读取信息之前执行。实现交互式的显示模式能够允许做出在显示器上所指示的选择或检测穿过显示器的面的运动姿态。
Description
本申请是国际申请日为2013年3月14日、进入国家阶段日为2014年12月31日的名称为“禁用未经授权的NFC安全系统和方法”的中国专利申请201380035370.2的分案申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及禁用未经授权的近场通信安全系统和方法。本申请要求于2012年11月19日提交的申请号为61/727,907的美国临时专利申请的优先权,其整体通过引用并入本文。
背景技术
包括通信近场通信(NFC)使能射频识别(RFID)设备的RFID设备可用于多种目的。通常这种设备被形成为标签或标记并且能够用于将对象与识别代码或其他数据(诸如网站数据)关联。这类RFID设备可能是无源的并且在接收到信号(诸如来自RFID或NFC使能阅读器的激励信号)时可能被激励。该类设备随后能够响应期望的通信或提供与RFIC设备相关的产品、项目或服务相关的信息。
具体地,NFC是数据交换协议,所述数据交换协议被设计以允许设备(包括适当配备的移动电话等)以例如“智能海报”或“触点”的方式与基础设施(诸如运输系统上的销售终端和检票口点)或RFID设备交互作用。在这种情况下,将NFC使能设备引入这种基础设施或RFID设备附近能够引起数据到NFC使能设备的传输,例如导致网页打开、经由蓝牙的媒介流的接收或若干其他功能中的任一种。
通常将产品、项目或服务与RFID设备关联的方式是在物理上将RFID设备耦合或粘附到产品或项目,或者将其与有关产品、项目或服务的广告关联(诸如如上所述的“智能海报”或“触点”)。例如,RFID标记可以被粘附地耦合至对象或以其他方式可以具有直接附接至对象的表面。可以以其他方式(诸如通过塑料紧固件、线状物或其他紧固机构)将RFID标签固定到对象。此类RFID设备随后可以将数据提供至定位或安置在该RFID设备附近的NFC使能设备。
此外,RFID设备通常以隐藏或固定RFID设备的这类方式与产品或项目或广告项目关联。这种方法能够提供防止移除或误用RFID设备的安全。然而,在这种情况中,并且具体地被设计为利用NFC使能移动电话和设备将信息传送至消费者的NFC使能设备,在指示信息的广告或产品上存在指定的区域(触点),如果NFC使能设备安置在邻近与RFID设备相关联的区域中,其能够被获得。然而,由于接着可以知道信息能够从这种区域中获得,所以破坏的或盗版的RFID设备通常安置在邻近指示的NFC区域中。破坏的或盗版的设备通常包含欺骗的、误导性的、不期望的或恶意的信息。这些设备能够被耦合或粘附至产品和项目,或与那些项目关联的广告,从而导致不恰当的或恶意的信息正不知不觉地通信到用户的NFC使能设备。
在正常操作中,具有使能NFC功能的移动电话在NFC阅读器/写入模式中操作。在这个模式中,移动电话传输由在13.56MHz的载波频率处已调节的磁场脉冲组成的NFC标签查询。在移动电话中的NFC阅读器没有NFC标签接近电话的先前指示直至NFC标签响应查询。因此,外部NFC阅读器(诸如移动电话)将始终传输NFC询问查询直至检测到NFC标签。
发明内容
NFC检测器电路系统、装置和方法可以提供用于检测外部NFC阅读器的邻近布置至显示器表面上的具体位置。显示器表面可以用于查看标记并且能够实现与嵌入在显示器内的NFC通信设备的交互作用。
在一个示例性实施例中,电路可以控制扫描粘贴在显示器的表面的未经授权的标签的NFC安全系统。NFC安全系统可以由NFC使能移动电话激活,所述NFC使能移动电话被放置在邻近用于从显示器接收NFC编码的信息所指示的区域。NFC安全扫描可以在移动电话从显示器中预期的NFC标签读取消息之前执行。
其他示例性实施例可以包括使能交互式显示模式,例如,做出在显示器上所指示的选择或检测穿过显示器的面的运动姿态。此类交互会有用于基于具体用户交互而配置NFC标签的内容。
附图说明
本发明的实施例的优点从示例性实施例的如下具体实施方式中将显而易见。如下具体实施方式应该结合附图进行考虑,其中:
图1是NFC检测器电路的示例性实施例的示意图。
图2是用于控制集成在NFC阅读区的发光二极管(LED)的照明的NFC检测器的示例性实施例的示意图。
图3是用于当外部NFC阅读器安置在邻近包含NFC标签的NFC阅读区域时激活NFC安全系统的NFC的示例性实施例的示意图。
图4是用于当外部NFC阅读器安置在邻近感应线圈时激活NFC安全系统的NFC检测器的示例性实施例的示意图。
图5是包含计数器电路的NFC检测器的示例性实施例的示意图,所述计数器电路记录外部NFC阅读器被安置在邻近NFC检测器的接收感应线圈的事件的数目。
图6是示出NFC安全系统操作顺序的示例性流程图。
具体实施方式
在如下的实施方式和针对本发明的具体实施例的相关附图中公开了本发明的各个方面。在没有脱离本发明的精神或范围内,可以想出可替代的实施例。此外,本发明的示例性实施例的公知元件将不被详细描述或省略,以便不模糊本发明的相关细节,从而有助于对如下本文所使用的若干术语的描述讨论的理解。
正如本文所使用的,词语“示例性”意思是“作为例子、示例或说明”。本文所描述的实施例不是限制性的,而仅是示例性的。应该理解,所描述的实施例不必解释为相对于其他实施例的优选的或有利的实施例。而且,术语“本发明的实施例”、“实施例”或“发明”不要求本发明的所有实施例包括所讨论的特征、优点或是操作模式。
总体参见图1-6,本文所公开的示例性实施例可以描述NFC安全系统,有时被称为NFC看门狗系统。在一些示例性实施例中,由外部NFC阅读器在读取/写入模式中传输的查询通过使用NFC检测器电路能够感测移动电话何时被安置在邻近显示器表面上的具体位置。
示例性NFC安全系统可以包括NFC阅读器、安全控制器和带有阻抗匹配电路的感应线圈。NFC安全系统的功能可以检测未经授权的标签、禁用此类标签并且提醒维修人员问题。
未经授权的标签的检测可以通过NFC阅读器组件传输NFC询问指令至感应线圈来实现。感应线圈可以在显示器的表面上分布磁性能量,其中针对未经授权的标签,所述磁性能量正在被询问。示例性NFC安全系统的安全控制器可以不在恒定的基础上执行询问,使得其可以不干扰外部NFC阅读器和NFC设备(诸如NFC标签)的通信通道。安全控制器可以根据信号线路的状态(诸如从另一控制器或另一传感器)在定期的间隔上激活读取或附有条件地激活读取。当电话被安置在邻近显示器表面上的具体位置时,NFC检测器可以经配置以发送信号至NFC安全系统。
与利用NFC阅读器电路的其他解决方案相比,示例性实施例可以要求较不复杂的电路设计。在一些示例性实施例中,NFC检测器电路的主要元件可以包括感应接收器线圈、RF解调器和阈值检测器。NFC检测器电路可以不解码外部NFC阅读器的数据信号,以便检测其在显示器表面上的邻近布置。此外,NFC检测器可以被设计仅用于接收RF信号,并且可以不传输RF信号,不像NFC阅读器那样。因此,多个NFC检测器可以集成在显示器系统中,而不干扰外部NFC阅读器或预期的NFC通信设备(诸如NFC标签)的通信通道。
在一个示例性实施例中,显示器可以包括两个或更多个在显示器表面上分开布置的NFC检测器,使得用户可以基于显示器标记使用移动电话的布置指示选择。例如,如果显示器的用户直接安置外部阅读器(诸如移动电话)在一个NFC检测器上,那么显示器可以指示用户的选择(诸如离开信息)。在相同的示例中,安置在另一个NFC检测器上的移动电话可以指示正被期望的抵达信息。一旦由用户做出选择,NFC标签存储器可以利用合适的NDEF信息格式化,在该示例中,其可以包括到抵达信息或离开信息的链路。
在另一个示例性实施例中,显示器可以包括嵌入在表面上的多个NFC检测器。显示器系统可以检测何时用户沿着由显示器系统识别的路径移动移动电话,其可以被称为姿态,例如诸如遵循沿着显示器标记的圆形路径。当姿态被显示器系统识别时,可以为用户准备定制的NFC信息,所述定制的NFC信息可以由NFC使能移动电话读取。
示例性实施例可以降低在利用NFC检测器控制NFC收发器(诸如NFC阅读器和NFC端对端模式的设备)的激活状态的系统中的功耗。在NFC安全系统中使用的NFC阅读器会想要传输足够的功率以询问能够被粘贴在显示器上的未经授权的标签。询问功能的功率可以达到4瓦特,这取决于所期望的操作范围和传输NFC线圈的大小。利用NFC检测器控制NFC阅读器的激活状态可以降低功耗,例如通过限制对必要条件的询问功能,诸如当外部NFC阅读器被引入到靠近显示器时。
此外,为了较低的功耗,利用NFC检测器可以使显示器系统能够用电池电源而非主要连接操作。在示例性实施例中,显示器系统可以在主要电源已经中断的情况下使用电池作为备用电源。
在另一个示例性实施例中,NFC检测器可以控制NFC端对端模式阅读器的操作模式,其可以用来经由简单的NDEF交换协议(SNEP)传输NFC信息至外部NFC阅读器。在这个示例性实施例中,显示器系统可以被电池供电,其可以需要端对端阅读器仅在外部NFC阅读器存在时被激活。
现参考示例性图1,其示出了NFC检测器电路的示例性实施例的示意图。检测器的元件可以包括带有阻抗匹配元件104的近场感应接收器线圈102、解调器106和阈值检测器108。
感应接收器线圈102可以包括分布式电感器,其适应于接受在所述线圈附近的交变磁场。电容器104可以在感应接收器线圈102和传输线路110(例如,诸如50欧姆的传输线路)之间形成阻抗匹配电路。
阻抗匹配电路可以适应于实现在感应接收器线圈102和传输线路110之间的信号能量的低损失传输,其可以被连接至NFC检测器的其他电路。
图1中的电容器104仅是阻抗匹配电路的一个示例性实施例;其他电路配置是有可能的,例如,其可以增加穿过频带的带宽但要求使用更复杂的电路以用于实现阻抗匹配电路。这种阻抗匹配电路可以包括本领域已知的任何阻抗匹配电路。
在这个示例性实施例中,当外部NFC阅读器邻近NFC检测器时,传输线路110上的RF信号可以由解调器电路106接收,用于在没有RF载波的情况下恢复原始数据信号。图1中的解调器106能够是二极管包络检测器,例如,其由于相对简单的电路和低功耗而被使用。然而,如果期望较好的信号辨别或输入过滤,利用在电路复杂度和功耗中折中的相关设计,可以实现本领域已知的任何其他的解调器电路。解调器106的输出信号可以包括DC电压脉冲116,所述DC电压脉冲116可以经由传输线路112行进至阈值检测器电路108。
阈值检测器电路108可以驱动双态输出信号,即,在“禁用”状态正常和来自解调器的输出电压超过“使能”或高阈值电压点时的“使能”状态。分开阈值检测器108的高和低阈值水平可以形成滞后功能,使得“使能”输出状态不能被重置回“禁用”状态,直至输出电压低于“禁用”阈值电压点。因此,如果输出电压在任一个电压阈值点周围震荡,则阈值检测器的输出状态不会震荡。在示例性图1中的阈值检测器108可以是低功率的施密特触发电路。施密特触发电路可以用作通常使用在许多电路应用中的显而易见的电路;因此在此不详细描述施密特触发器的设计和实现。然而,本领域中已知的其他阈值检测器可以如所期望的被实现。阈值检测器108的输出可以通过传输线路114驱动双态输出信号至主系统的数字输出118电路。至主系统的数字输出118可以利用必要的电路被实现以缓冲或锁存NFC检测器的输出状态,用于主系统输入电路的立即或以后使用。
图2是NFC检测器的一个示例性实施例的示意图,所述NFC检测器可以控制集成在NFC阅读区的发光二极管(LED)的照明。电路可以适应于为用户指示外部NFC设备已经被安置在合适的或期望的区域,用于读取预期的NFC标签。NFC检测器的感应元件和LED可以定位于邻近NFC阅读区。其他电路元件相对于显示器表面可以不具有关键的布置,并且可以被安置在最适合的或最期望的位置。在示例性电路中的NFC检测器202可以在外部NFC阅读器邻近NFC检测器时将控制线路220的电压驱动至“使能”状态值,或在没有外部NFC阅读器邻近检测器时将控制线路220的电压驱动至“禁用”状态值。LED驱动电路204可以调整线路222上相对于大地210的电压和电流源至合适的状况以照明位于NFC阅读区附近的显示器内的LED206和208。
图3是NFC检测器的示例性实施例的示意图,所述NFC检测器在外部NFC阅读器(诸如移动电话)被安置在邻近包含NFC标签的NFC阅读区时,激活NFC安全系统。NFC检测器电路302可以利用代表“使能”状态的输出电压水平驱动线路310至安全系统304。在感测到唤醒控制线路310上的“使能”状态电压时,安全系统可以利用内部NFC阅读器执行NFC库存命令。内部NFC阅读器可以通过电缆312传输NFC空中协议命令至匹配网络308,并且然后传输至传输线圈306。如果安全系统发现未经授权的标签,则采取合适的动作,例如,诸如禁用标签或发送求助请求至维修人员。当完成NFC安全功能时,系统可以转换至最小功耗的休眠模式。因此,NFC检测器电路可以保持闲置一段指定的时间,以允许外部NFC阅读器在没有来自NFC安全系统干扰的情况下传递未经授权的NFC标签的内容。
图4是NFC检测器的示例性实施例的示意图,所述NFC检测器可以在外部NFC阅读器(诸如移动电话)被安置在邻近共用感应线圈408时激活NFC安全系统。感应线圈可以包括到检测器和安全系统的共用元件。共用线圈的使用可以使得每一个电路建立到电缆412的独占连接,所述电缆412连接至共用线圈408。“检测”状态和“安全”状态可以用于选择至共用NFC线圈408的连接。系统的初始和标称状态可以是“检测”状态。当显示器系统处在“检测”状态时,NFC检测器电路可以具有共用NFC线圈408的优先控制,而安全系统可以从共用线圈408断开并且被配置至低功率休眠模式。NFC检测器可以持续地监视来自外部NFC阅读器(诸如移动电话)的信号。在检测到来自外部阅读器的信号时,系统可以转换至“安全”状态。在“安全”状态中,NFC检测器通过开路到电缆412的连接,从共用NFC线圈408断开。然后NFC检测器可以驱动唤醒线路406的电压至“使能”状态。安全系统可以检测唤醒线路406的“使能”状态并且可以转变至“安全”状态。在转变至“安全”状态时,安全系统可以通过将系统至电缆412的电路连接从开路切换为短路,来连接共用NFC线圈408。安全系统然后可以发出NFC库存命令至共用线圈408以检查粘贴至显示器上的未经授权的标签。如果未经授权的标签粘贴至显示器,安全系统可以执行动作(诸如试图禁用未经授权的标签或发送请求信号至维修人员)以移除未经授权的标签。在完成安全操作后,安全系统可以断开至电缆412的电路连接,可以在安全模式完成时发送信号至NFC检测器,并且接着可以转变至低功率操作状态。然后系统状态可以返回至“检测”模式。在从“安全”状态切换至“检测”状态后,NFC检测器电路可以保持空闲一段指定的时间以允许外部NFC阅读器在没有来自NFC安全系统的干扰的情况下传递未经授权的NFC标签的内容。
图5是NFC检测器502的示例性实施例的示意图,所述NFC检测器502可以包含计数器电路504,所述计数器电路504可以记录外部NFC阅读器(诸如移动电话)被安置在邻近NFC检测器的接收感应线圈的事件的数目。例如,计数器电路的存储的值可以用于确定显示器的有效性的度量。信号线路510可以路由至感测NFC检测器输出信号的其他功能506。例如,其他功能506可以包括如上所述的NFC安全系统或交互式显示器系统。
图6是描述NFC安全系统的示例性流程图。在这个示例性实施例中,时间602可以表示NFC安全系统被实现和/或被触发之后的任何时间。系统能够包括传感器604,所述传感器604用来检测任何不期望的或异常NFC信号(或称为流氓NFC信号)。因此,如果传感器604是有源的并且没有检测任何异常信号,则系统可以进入休眠606模式。如果传感器604是有源的并且检测到异常信号,则可以采取期望的响应动作610。响应动作能够包括阻止异常信号或破坏异常信号。如果动作610是成功的,则系统能够返回休眠606模式。如果动作不成功,则系统可以试图再次采取期望的动作610,或可以发送信号至合适的人。正如上所理解的,使用其他组件的任何其他的动作过程也可以被利用。
附加实施例
A1.一种用于广告显示器的NFC安全系统,其包括:
显示器;
安全控制器;
位于所述显示器一部分表面上的至少一个NFC检测器;
至少一个可信的NFC标签;
NFC阅读器,其安置在接近所述至少一个NFC检测器以形成NFC阅读区;
感应线圈,所述感应线圈在所述显示器的表面上分布磁性能量;以及
其中所述NFC阅读器检测施加至所述显示器上的未经授权的标签并且利用所述感应线圈产生信号以禁用所述未经授权的标签。
A2.如附加实施例A1所述的系统,其中所述系统进一步包括在检测到所述未经授权的标签时产生警报。
A3.如附加实施例A1所述的系统,其中所述线圈连接至所述至少一个NFC检测器并且从所述至少一个NFC检测器断开。
B1.一种实现NFC安全系统的方法,其包括:
提供显示器,所述显示器具有NFC安全系统,所述NFC安全系统具有安全控制器、NFC阅读器、感应线圈以及至少一个检测器;
将外部NFC阅读器安置在所述显示器附近以读取至少一个NFC标签;
触发所述系统;
从至少一个未经授权的NFC标签检测异常信号;以及
确定禁用所述至少一个未经授权的NFC标签的动作。
B2.如附加实施例B1所述的方法,所述动作是产生警报以移除所述未经授权的NFC标签。
B3.如附加实施例B2所述的方法,其中所述方法进一步包括在所述检测步骤之后阻止来自所述未经授权的NFC标签的所述异常信号。
B4.如附加实施例B2所述的方法,其中所述方法进一步包括在所述确定步骤之后破坏异常设备。
B5.如附加实施例B2所述的方法,其中所述方法包括没有检测到至少一个异常信号使得所述系统进入休眠模式的进一步步骤。
前述说明和附图描述了本发明的原理、优选实施例以及操作模式。然而,本发明不应该解释为对如上所讨论的具体实施例的限制。本领域的技术人员将明白如上讨论实施例的额外变体。
因此,如上所述实施例应该被认为是示例性的而非限制性的。相应地,应该明白,在不脱离由随附的权利要求书所限定的本发明的范围,本领域的技术人员能够做出对那些实施例的变体。
Claims (12)
1.一种NFC检测器电路,其包括:
近场感应接收器线圈;
RF解调器;
阈值检测器;以及
阻抗匹配元件。
2.如权利要求1所述的电路,其中所述线圈包括分布式电感线圈,所述分布式电感线圈适应于接受在所述线圈附近的交变磁场。
3.如权利要求1所述的电路,其中所述阻抗匹配元件是电容器。
4.如权利要求3所述的电路,其中所述电容器在所述感应接收器线圈和传输线路之间形成阻抗匹配电路。
5.如权利要求1所述的电路,其中所述阈值检测器被提供在广告显示器的表面上。
6.如权利要求5所述的电路,其中所述显示器检测运动并且为用户产生消息。
7.如权利要求1所述的电路,其中所述阈值检测器产生能量以询问在NFC阅读器附近的NFC标签。
8.如权利要求1所述的电路,其中所述阈值检测器在减小的功率模式和正常的功率模式之间切换以询问NFC标签。
9.如权利要求8所述的电路,其中所述减小的功率模式能够使用电池能量用于显示器。
10.如权利要求1所述的电路,其中所述阈值检测器在禁用状态和使能状态之间操作。
11.一种用于与广告显示器一起使用的NFC检测器,其包括:
计数器电路;
感应线圈;以及
其中所述计数器电路记录外部NFC阅读器被安置在接近保持所述感应线圈的所述显示器的事件的数目。
12.如权利要求11所述的检测器,其进一步包括NFC安全系统或交互式显示系统。
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